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Vaidya SR, Kumbhar NS, Andhare GK, Pawar N, Walimbe AM, Kinikar M, Kasibhatla SM, Kulkarni-Kale U. Neutralizing Antibody Response to Genotypically Diverse Measles Viruses in Clinically Suspected Measles Cases. Viruses 2023; 15:2243. [PMID: 38005920 PMCID: PMC10674322 DOI: 10.3390/v15112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The neutralizing antibody (Nt-Ab) response to vaccine and wild-type measles viruses (MeV) was studied in suspected measles cases reported during the years 2012-2016. The neutralization activity against MeV A, D4 and D8 genotypes was studied on sera (Panel A; n = 68 (measles-immunized) and Panel B; n = 50 (unvaccinated)) that were either laboratory confirmed or not confirmed by the presence of IgM antibodies. Additionally, the Nt-Ab response in Panel A was measured against the MeV vaccine and four wild-type viruses. Neutralization results were compared using homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) of MeV-hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins. Overall, the Nt-Ab titres for MeV-A were found to be significantly lower than MeV-D4 and MeV-D8 viruses for Panel A. No major difference was noted in Nt-Ab titres between MeV-D8 viruses (Jamnagar and New Delhi), whereas MeV-D4 (Sindhudurg and Bagalkot (BGK) viruses) showed significant differences between Nt-Ab titres for Panel B. Interestingly, the substitutions observed in epitopes of H-protein, L249P and G316A are observed to be unique to MeV-BGK. MDS of H-protein revealed significant fluctuations in neutralizing epitopes due to L249P substitution. The majority of the clinically suspected cases showed Nt-Abs to MeV wild-types. Higher IgG antibody avidity and Nt-Ab titres were noted in IgM-negatives than in IgM-positives cases, indicating reinfection or breakthrough. MDS revealed reduced neutralization due to decreased conformational flexibility in the H-epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil R. Vaidya
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Neelakshi S. Kumbhar
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Gargi K. Andhare
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Nilesh Pawar
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Atul M. Walimbe
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Meenal Kinikar
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; (M.K.)
| | - Sunitha M. Kasibhatla
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; (M.K.)
- HPC-Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Panchavati, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Urmila Kulkarni-Kale
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; (M.K.)
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Vaidya SR. Immuno-Colorimetric Neutralization Test: A Surrogate for Widely Used Plaque Reduction Neutralization Tests in Public Health Virology. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040939. [PMID: 37112919 PMCID: PMC10143445 DOI: 10.3390/v15040939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their first documentation in 1952, plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) have become the choice of test for the measurement of neutralizing antibodies against a particular virus. However, PRNTs can be performed only against viruses that cause cytopathic effects (CPE). PRNTs also require skilled personnel and can be time-consuming depending on the time required for the virus to cause CPE. Hence, their application limits large-scale studies or epidemiological and laboratory investigations. Since 1978, many surrogate PRNTs or immunocolorimetric assay (ICA)-based focus reduction neutralization tests (FRNT) have been developed. In this article, ICAs and their utility in FRNTs for the characterization of neutralizing antibodies, homologous or heterologous cross-neutralization, and laboratory diagnosis of viruses of public health importance have been discussed. Additionally, possible advancements and automations have been described that may help in the development and validation of novel surrogate tests for emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil R Vaidya
- Virus Registry and Virus Repository, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
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Makarenko C, San Pedro A, Paiva NS, Santos JPCD, Medronho RDA, Gibson G. Measles resurgence in Brazil: analysis of the 2019 epidemic in the state of São Paulo. Rev Saude Publica 2022; 56:50. [PMID: 35703604 PMCID: PMC9239333 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056003805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological profile of cases and the pattern of spatial diffusion of the largest measles epidemic in Brazil that occurred in the post-elimination period in the state of São Paulo. METHOD A cross-sectional study based on confirmed measles cases in 2019. Bivariate analysis was performed for socioeconomic, clinical, and epidemiological variables, according to prior vaccination and hospitalization, combined with an analysis of spatial diffusion of cases using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. RESULTS Of the 15,598 confirmed cases, 2,039 were hospitalized and 17 progressed to death. The epidemic peak occurred in epidemiological week 33, after confirmation of the first case, in the epidemiological week 6. Most cases were male (52.1%), aged between 18 and 29 years (38.7%), identified as whites (70%). Young adults (39.7%) and children under five years (32.8%) were the most affected age groups. A higher proportion of previous vaccination was observed in whites as compared to Blacks, browns, yellows and indigenous people (p < 0.001), as well as in the most educated group compared to the other categories (p < 0.001). The risk of hospitalization was higher in children than in the older age group (RI = 2.19; 95%CI: 1.66-2.88), as well as in the unvaccinated than in the vaccinated (RI = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.45-1.75). The pattern of diffusion by contiguity combined with diffusion by relocation followed the urban hierarchy of the main cities' regions of influence. CONCLUSION In addition to routine vaccination in children, the findings indicate the need for immunization campaigns for young adults. In addition, studies that seek to investigate the occurrence of clusters of vulnerable populations, prone to lower vaccination coverage, are essential to broaden the understanding of the dynamics of transmission and, thus, reorienting control strategies that ensure disease elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Makarenko
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alexandre San Pedro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Centro de Estudos, Políticas e Informação sobre Determinantes Sociais da Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Natalia Santana Paiva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | - Gerusa Gibson
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Bianchi FP, Stefanizzi P, Trerotoli P, Tafuri S. Sex and age as determinants of the seroprevalence of anti-measles IgG among European healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2022; 40:3127-3141. [PMID: 35491343 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The international literature shows good evidence of a significant rate of measles susceptibility among healthcare workers (HCWs). As such, they are an important public health issue. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of susceptible HCWs in EU/EEA countries and in the UK and to explore the characteristics (sex and age differences) and management of those found to be susceptible. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of measles-susceptible HCWs was 13.3% (95 %CI: 10.0-17.0%). In a comparison of serosusceptible female vs. male HCWs, the RR was 0.92 (95 %CI = 0.83-1.03), and in a comparison of age classes (born after vs. before 1980) the RR was 2.78 (95 %CI = 2.20-3.50). The most recent studies proposed the mandatory vaccination of HCWs. DISCUSSION According to our meta-analysis, the prevalence of serosusceptible European HCWs is 13%; HCWs born in the post-vaccination era seem to be at higher risk. Healthcare professionals susceptible to measles are a serious epidemiological concern. Greater efforts should therefore be made to identify those who have yet to be vaccinated and actively encourage their vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy.
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Seok H, Park DW, Kim KN, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Kim JY, Park SE, Park SY, Eun BW, Lee MS, Chang HH, Jung H, Jeong HW, Jo SN, Chin B, Choi YH, Choi EH, Choi HJ, Jee Y, Kim YS. Report of the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases Roundtable Discussion on Responses to the Measles Outbreaks in Korea in 2019. Infect Chemother 2021; 53:405-420. [PMID: 34623775 PMCID: PMC8511360 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2021.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 2019 domestic measles outbreak in Korea, measles occurred in healthcare workers with two doses of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, and the strict application of the Occupational Safety and Health Act required medical institutions to identify healthcare workers' immunity to measles and vaccinate the susceptible pockets. In response to the frontline medical institutions' request to review the measles recommendations and guidelines, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases held a roundtable discussion on the causes of measles outbreak, timing of vaccinations, antibody tests, and booster vaccinations for healthcare workers, and financial support from the government and municipality as well as response strategies against the outbreak in healthcare settings. In Korea, the seroprevalence of measles is decreasing in the vaccine-induced immunity group during the maintenance of measles elimination over several years. The susceptible group against measles is in their 20s and 30s, and this may be because of waning immunity rather than non-response considering Korea's vaccine policy. The risk of measles nosocomial infection from community increases as these susceptible pockets actively engage in medical institutions. Thus, data on the immunity of low seroprevalence group in Korea are needed, further discussion is needed on the booster vaccination based on the data. Especially, antibody testing and vaccination in healthcare workers may be necessary to prevent the spread of measles in medical insutitutions, and further discussion is needed regarding specific testing methods, and the timing and frequency of test and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeri Seok
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Nam Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Min Ja Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Eun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Se Yoon Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Wook Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyungul Jung
- Global Studies Institute, University of Geneva, Geneva, Swiss
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Soo-Nam Jo
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - BumSik Chin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hwa Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yang Soo Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Zhou N, Li M, Huang Y, Zhou L, Wang B. Genetic Characterizations and Molecular Evolution of the Measles Virus Genotype B3's Hemagglutinin (H) Gene in the Elimination Era. Viruses 2021; 13:1970. [PMID: 34696400 PMCID: PMC8540759 DOI: 10.3390/v13101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) genotype B3 is one globally significant circulating genotype. Here, we present a systematic description of long-term evolutionary characterizations of the MeV genotype B3's hemagglutinin (H) gene in the elimination era. Our results show that the B3 H gene can be divided into two main sub-genotypes, and the highest intra-genotypic diversity was observed in 2004. MeV genotype B3's H gene diverged in 1976; its overall nucleotide substitution rate is estimated to be 5.697 × 10-4 substitutions/site/year, and is slowing down. The amino acid substitution rate of genotype B3's H gene is also decreasing, and the mean effective population size has been in a downward trend since 2000. Selection pressure analysis only recognized a few sites under positive selection, and the number of positive selection sites is getting smaller. All of these observations may reveal that genotype B3's H gene is not under strong selection pressure, and is becoming increasingly conservative. MeV H-gene or whole-genome sequencing should be routine, so as to better elucidate the molecular epidemiology of MeV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (N.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Mingma Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (N.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (N.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Lu Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Acute Infectious Diseases, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (N.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.H.)
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Probert WS, Glenn-Finer R, Espinosa A, Yen C, Stockman L, Harriman K, Hacker JK. Molecular Epidemiology of Measles in California, United States-2019. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1015-1023. [PMID: 33528506 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the United States (US) experienced the highest number of measles importations and cases in the postelimination era. More than a quarter of imported cases entered the US through California. Measles surveillance efforts in California resulted in the identification of 26 importations, 6 outbreaks, and 72 cases in 2019. Only genotype B3 and D8 measles strains were detected. Genotype-specific differences were noted in the incidence of vaccine failures, hospitalizations, and severe complications among cases. A targeted whole genome sequencing approach provided higher-resolution discrimination between epidemiologically linked and sporadically introduced strains than conventional N450 sequencing. Our report underscores the importance of ensuring appropriate measles vaccination status, especially prior to international travel to measles-endemic regions, and highlights the value of a strong measles surveillance system in minimizing outbreaks and preserving measles elimination status in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Probert
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Rosie Glenn-Finer
- Immunization Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Alex Espinosa
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Yen
- Immunization Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Lauren Stockman
- Immunization Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Kathleen Harriman
- Immunization Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Jill K Hacker
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
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Pacenti M, Maione N, Lavezzo E, Franchin E, Dal Bello F, Gottardello L, Barzon L. Measles Virus Infection and Immunity in a Suboptimal Vaccination Coverage Setting. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040199. [PMID: 31795157 PMCID: PMC6963570 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to improve surveillance and vaccination coverage, measles virus (MeV) continues to cause outbreaks also in high-income countries. As the reference laboratory of the Veneto Region, Italy, we analyzed changes in population immunity, described measles outbreaks, investigated MeV genetic diversity, and evaluated cross-protection of measles vaccination against MeV epidemic strains. Like most European areas, the Veneto Region has suboptimal measles vaccination coverage and is facing a growing public mistrust of vaccination. A progressive decline of measles vaccine uptake was observed during the last decade in the Veneto Region, leading to immunity gaps in children and young adults. Measles outbreaks were caused by the same MeV genotype B3, D4, and D8 strains that were circulating in other European countries. Eleven cases of measles were observed in immunized subjects. These cases were not associated with particular MeV genotypes nor with mutations in epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies. Accordingly, sera from fully vaccinated subjects cross-neutralized epidemic MeV strains, including the genotypes B3, D4, and D8, with the same high efficiency demonstrated against the vaccine strain. In fully vaccinated subjects, high MeV IgG antibody titers persisted up to 30 years following vaccination. These results support the use of the current measles-containing vaccines and strategies to strengthen vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Pacenti
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.P.); (E.F.); (F.D.B.)
| | - Nataskya Maione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (N.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Enrico Lavezzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (N.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Elisa Franchin
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.P.); (E.F.); (F.D.B.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (N.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Federico Dal Bello
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.P.); (E.F.); (F.D.B.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (N.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Lorena Gottardello
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Azienda ULSS 6 Euganea, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy; (M.P.); (E.F.); (F.D.B.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (N.M.); (E.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-821-8946
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Yang L, Grenfell BT, Mina MJ. Measles vaccine immune escape: Should we be concerned? Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 34:893-896. [PMID: 31676977 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luojun Yang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bryan T Grenfell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Mina
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Javelle E, Colson P, Parola P, Raoult D. Measles, the need for a paradigm shift. Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 34:897-915. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Plotkin SA. Measles: Breakouts and Breakthroughs. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019; 8:289-290. [PMID: 31282536 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piz043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley A Plotkin
- Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Vaxconsult, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
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Melenotte C, Zandotti C, Gautret P, Parola P, Raoult D. Measles: is a new vaccine approach needed? THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 18:1060-1061. [PMID: 30303095 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cléa Melenotte
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Christine Zandotti
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Gautret
- VITROME, IRD, APHM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- VITROME, IRD, APHM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; VITROME, IRD, APHM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France.
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Tramuto F, Maida CM, Pojero F, Colomba GME, Casuccio A, Restivo V, Vitale F. Case-based surveillance of measles in Sicily during 2012-2017: The changing molecular epidemiology and implications for vaccine strategies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195256. [PMID: 29617454 PMCID: PMC5884552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the indication of the World Health Organization, a national plan for the elimination of measles was approved in Italy and this included the improvement of the molecular surveillance of measles viruses and the interruption of indigenous transmission of the disease. Nevertheless, large outbreaks continue to occur in almost all regions of the country, including Sicily. Here we describe the epidemiology and molecular dynamics of measles viruses as a result of the measles surveillance activity carried out by the "Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella" in Sicily over a 5-year period. Biological samples of 259 suspected measles cases were tested for viral RNA detection and a total of 223 (86.1%) were classified as laboratory confirmed. The median age of confirmed measles cases was 21.0 years and about half of them were adults aged 19 years and older. Overall, one-third of the patients showed clinical complications and these latter were more common among adults than children (44.9% vs. 25.7%). The vast majority of measles cases were unvaccinated (94.2%, n = 210). The phylogenetic analysis of 221 measles virus nucleotide sequences revealed sporadic detections of genotypes D4 and H1, while endemic circulation of genotypes D8 and B3 was documented. Genotype D8 was associated with epidemics occurred between 2013 and 2016, whereas genotype B3 was more recently introduced into Sicily characterizing the current measles outbreak. The results of this study confirm the autochthonous co-circulation of viral variants belonging to different genotypes during the study period, and emphasizes the need of measles surveillance programmes in order to investigate the viral dynamics, the pathways of disease transmission, and to eventually adapt the development of successfull vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Tramuto
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro” – Hygiene section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmelo Massimo Maida
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro” – Hygiene section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro” – Hygiene section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Maria Elena Colomba
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro” – Hygiene section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Casuccio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro” – Hygiene section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Restivo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro” – Hygiene section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro” – Hygiene section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy
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