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Kell DB, Pretorius E. Proteomic Evidence for Amyloidogenic Cross-Seeding in Fibrinaloid Microclots. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10809. [PMID: 39409138 PMCID: PMC11476703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In classical amyloidoses, amyloid fibres form through the nucleation and accretion of protein monomers, with protofibrils and fibrils exhibiting a cross-β motif of parallel or antiparallel β-sheets oriented perpendicular to the fibre direction. These protofibrils and fibrils can intertwine to form mature amyloid fibres. Similar phenomena can occur in blood from individuals with circulating inflammatory molecules (and also some originating from viruses and bacteria). Such pathological clotting can result in an anomalous amyloid form termed fibrinaloid microclots. Previous proteomic analyses of these microclots have shown the presence of non-fibrin(ogen) proteins, suggesting a more complex mechanism than simple entrapment. We thus provide evidence against such a simple entrapment model, noting that clot pores are too large and centrifugation would have removed weakly bound proteins. Instead, we explore whether co-aggregation into amyloid fibres may involve axial (multiple proteins within the same fibril), lateral (single-protein fibrils contributing to a fibre), or both types of integration. Our analysis of proteomic data from fibrinaloid microclots in different diseases shows no significant quantitative overlap with the normal plasma proteome and no correlation between plasma protein abundance and their presence in fibrinaloid microclots. Notably, abundant plasma proteins like α-2-macroglobulin, fibronectin, and transthyretin are absent from microclots, while less abundant proteins such as adiponectin, periostin, and von Willebrand factor are well represented. Using bioinformatic tools, including AmyloGram and AnuPP, we found that proteins entrapped in fibrinaloid microclots exhibit high amyloidogenic tendencies, suggesting their integration as cross-β elements into amyloid structures. This integration likely contributes to the microclots' resistance to proteolysis. Our findings underscore the role of cross-seeding in fibrinaloid microclot formation and highlight the need for further investigation into their structural properties and implications in thrombotic and amyloid diseases. These insights provide a foundation for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting amyloidogenic cross-seeding in blood clotting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Building 220, Søltofts Plads 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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2
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Lozada SL, Gómez JA, Menéndez K, Gómez T, Montes de Oca D, Durán JL, Fernández OL, Perera Y, Rivas G, Boggiano-Ayo T, Ledon N, Carmenate T. Oxidative refolding by Copper-catalyzed air oxidation consistently increases the homogeneity and activity of a Novel Interleukin-2 mutein. J Biotechnol 2024; 393:81-90. [PMID: 39032699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been used in cancer treatment for over 30 years. However, due to its high toxicity, new mutant variants have been developed. These variants retain some of the biological properties of the original molecule but offer other therapeutic advantages. At the Center of Molecular Immunology, the IL-2 no-alpha mutein, an IL-2 agonist with lower toxicity than wtIL-2, has been designed, produced, and is currently being evaluated in a Phase I/II clinical trial. The mutein is produced in E. coli as an insoluble material that must be refolded in vitro to yield a fully active protein. Controlled oxidation steps are essential in the purification process of recombinant proteins produced in E. coli to ensure the proper formation of the disulfide bonds in the molecules. In this case, the new purification process includes a copper-catalyzed air oxidation step to induce disulfide bond establishment. The optimal conditions of pH, copper, protein and detergent concentration for this step were determined through screening. The produced protein demonstrated a conserved 3D structure, higher purity, and greater biological activity than the obtained by established process without the oxidation step. Four batches were produced and evaluated, demonstrating the consistency of the new process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sum Lai Lozada
- Bioprocess R&D Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Jose Alberto Gómez
- Department of Quality Control. Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba.
| | | | - Tania Gómez
- Department of Quality Control. Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba.
| | | | - Jose L Durán
- Bioprocess R&D Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba.
| | | | - Yoel Perera
- Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, Mayabeque, Cuba.
| | - Gabriela Rivas
- Department of Quality Control. Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba.
| | | | - Nuris Ledon
- Research Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba; School of Pharmacy, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Tania Carmenate
- Immune-regulation Department, Immunology and Immunotherapy Direction. Center of Molecular Immunology, PO Box 16040, Havana, Cuba.
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3
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Bello MN, Sabri S, Mohd Yahaya N, Mohd Shariff F, Mohamad Ali MS. Catalytically active inclusion bodies as a potential tool for biotechnology. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38863240 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The initial assumption that viewed inclusion bodies as a hindrance to the efficient production of protein is no longer held due to the emergence of catalytically active inclusion bodies (CatIBs). Recent studies revealed their potential to be used in free form or immobilized as biocatalysts. The curiosity to acquire suitable catalysts has remained the measure of concern for researchers and industrialists. Numerous processes and production in various sectors of food industries, petroleum, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and many others are still searching for a robust catalyst with outstanding features such as recyclability, resistance to pH, as well as temperature. CatIBs are forms of inclusion bodies that possess catalytic activity, which can improve catalysis efficiency, stability, and recyclability. One of the advantages of CatIBs is their potential to be used as catalysts for numerous bioprocesses when generated by an enzyme. These aggregates can efficiently be used as a replacement for traditional enzyme immobilization. This review tends to focus on the possibility of its application in various processes. The novelty of this review is that it considered the production of CatIBs both from artificial and natural perspectives, as well as how to improve it. Inclusion bodies' immobilization may provide an efficient alternative in the area of biocatalysis, and hence it will improve industrial sectors and substantially provide a means of achieving excellent performance in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nura Bello
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Suriana Sabri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Normi Mohd Yahaya
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Fairolniza Mohd Shariff
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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4
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Reynoso-Cereceda GI, Valdez-Cruz NA, Pérez NO, Trujillo-Roldán MA. A comprehensive study of glucose and oxygen gradients in a scaled-down model of recombinant HuGM-CSF production in thermoinduced Escherichia coli fed-batch cultures. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38701182 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2347403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The effect of gradients of elevated glucose and low dissolved oxygen in the addition zone of fed-batch E. coli thermoinduced recombinant high cell density cultures can be evaluated through two-compartment scale-down models. Here, glucose was fed in the inlet of a plug flow bioreactor (PFB) connected to a stirred tank bioreactor (STB). E. coli cells diminished growth from 48.2 ± 2.2 g/L in the stage of RP production if compared to control (STB) with STB-PFB experiments, when residence time inside the PFB was 25 s (34.1 ± 3.5 g/L) and 40 s (25.6 ± 5.1 g/L), respectively. The recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rHuGM-CSF) production decreased from 34 ± 7% of RP in inclusion bodies (IB) in control cultures to 21 ± 8%, and 7 ± 4% during the thermoinduction production phase when increasing residence time inside the PFB to 25 s and 40 s, respectively. This, along with the accumulation of acetic and formic acid (up to 4 g/L), indicates metabolic redirection of central carbon routes through metabolic flow and mixed acid fermentation. Special care must be taken when producing a recombinant protein in heat-induced E. coli, because the yield and productivity of the protein decreases as the size of the bioreactors increases, especially if they are carried at high cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta I Reynoso-Cereceda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México. Unidad de Posgrado, CDMX, México
| | - Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Nestor O Pérez
- Probiomed S.A. de C.V. Planta Tenancingo, Cruce de Carreteras Acatzingo- Zumpahuacan SN, Tenancingo, México
| | - Mauricio A Trujillo-Roldán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Baja California, Mexico
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5
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Nezhad NG, Jamaludin SZB, Rahman RNZRA, Yahaya NM, Oslan SN, Shariff FM, Isa NM, Leow TC. Functional expression, purification, biochemical and biophysical characterizations, and molecular dynamics simulation of a histidine acid phosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:171. [PMID: 38630327 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A histidine acid phosphatase (HAP) (PhySc) with 99.50% protein sequence similarity with PHO5 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was expressed functionally with the molecular mass of ∼110 kDa through co-expression along with the set of molecular chaperones dnaK, dnaJ, GroESL. The purified HAP illustrated the optimum activity of 28.75 ± 0.39 U/mg at pH 5.5 and 40 ˚C. The Km and Kcat values towards calcium phytate were 0.608 ± 0.09 mM and 650.89 ± 3.6 s- 1. The half-lives (T1/2) at 55 and 60 ˚C were 2.75 min and 55 s, respectively. The circular dichroism (CD) demonstrated that PhySc includes 30.5, 28.1, 21.3, and 20.1% of random coils, α-Helix, β-Turns, and β-Sheet, respectively. The Tm recorded by CD for PhySc was 56.5 ± 0.34˚C. The molecular docking illustrated that His59 and Asp322 act as catalytic residues in the PhySc. MD simulation showed that PhySc at 40 ˚C has higher structural stability over those of the temperatures 60 and 80 ˚C that support the thermodynamic in vitro investigations. Secondary structure content results obtained from MD simulation indicated that PhySc consists of 34.03, 33.09, 17.5, 12.31, and 3.05% of coil, helix, turn, sheet, and helix310, respectively, which is almost consistent with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ghahremani Nezhad
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zahra Binti Jamaludin
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Normi Mohd Yahaya
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fairolniza Mohd Shariff
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfiza Mat Isa
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules (VacBio), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
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6
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Karapetian M, Alimbarashvili E, Vishnepolsky B, Gabrielian A, Rosenthal A, Hurt DE, Tartakovsky M, Mchedlishvili M, Arsenadze D, Pirtskhalava M, Zaalishvili G. Evaluation of the synergistic potential and mechanisms of action for de novo designed cationic antimicrobial peptides. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27852. [PMID: 38560672 PMCID: PMC10979160 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising candidates in combating antimicrobial resistance - a growing issue in healthcare. However, to develop AMPs into effective therapeutics, a thorough analysis and extensive investigations are essential. In this study, we employed an in silico approach to design cationic AMPs de novo, followed by their experimental testing. The antibacterial potential of de novo designed cationic AMPs, along with their synergistic properties in combination with conventional antibiotics was examined. Furthermore, the effects of bacterial inoculum density and metabolic state on the antibacterial activity of AMPs were evaluated. Finally, the impact of several potent AMPs on E. coli cell envelope and genomic DNA integrity was determined. Collectively, this comprehensive analysis provides insights into the unique characteristics of cationic AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Karapetian
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 David Aghmashenebeli Alley, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Evgenia Alimbarashvili
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 David Aghmashenebeli Alley, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 0160, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Boris Vishnepolsky
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 0160, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Andrei Gabrielian
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alex Rosenthal
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Darrell E. Hurt
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael Tartakovsky
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mariam Mchedlishvili
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 David Aghmashenebeli Alley, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Davit Arsenadze
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 David Aghmashenebeli Alley, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Malak Pirtskhalava
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 0160, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Giorgi Zaalishvili
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 David Aghmashenebeli Alley, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 0160, Tbilisi, Georgia
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7
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Sánchez-Moguel I, Coffeen CF, Bustos-Jaimes I. On-column refolding and off-column assembly of parvovirus B19 virus-like particles from bacteria-expressed protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:160. [PMID: 38252281 PMCID: PMC10803429 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanometric structures composed of structural components of virions, keeping most of the cellular recognition and internalization properties, but are non-infective as they are deprived of their genetic material. VLPs have been a versatile platform for developing vaccines by carrying their own or heterologous antigenic epitopes. Moreover, VLPs can also be used as nanovessels for encapsulating molecules with therapeutic applications, like enzymes, nucleic acids, and drugs. Parvovirus B19 (B19V) VLPs can be self-assembled in vitro from the denatured major viral particle protein VP2 by equilibrium dialysis. Despite its fair productivity, this process is currently a time-consuming task. Affinity chromatography is used as an efficient step for concentration and purification, but it is only sometimes seen as a method that facilitates the oligomerization of proteins. In this research, we report a novel approach for the in vitro assembly of B19V VLPs through the immobilization of the denatured VP2 into an immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) column, followed by the on-column folding and the final VLP assembly upon protein elution. This method is suitable for the fast production of B19V VLPs. KEY POINTS: • Biotechnological applications for inclusion bodies • Efficient single-step purification and immobilization strategies • Rapid VLP assembly strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sánchez-Moguel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Francisco Coffeen
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ismael Bustos-Jaimes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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8
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Yu J, Shin WR, Kim JH, Lee SY, Cho BK, Kim YH, Min J. Increase CO 2 recycling of Escherichia coli containing CBB genes by enhancing solubility of multiple expressed proteins from an operon through temperature reduction. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0256023. [PMID: 37819141 PMCID: PMC10715213 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02560-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In a previous study, we successfully engineered Escherichia coli capable of endogenous CO2 recycling through the heterologous expression of the Calvin-Benson Bassham genes. Establishing an efficient gene expression environment for recombinant strains is crucial, on par with the importance of metabolic engineering design. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to further mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by investigating the effects of culture temperature on the formation of inclusion bodies (IB) and CO2 fixation activity in the engineered bacterial strain. The findings demonstrate that lowering the culture temperature effectively suppresses IB formation, enhances CO2 recycling, and concurrently increases the accumulation of organic acids. This temperature control approach, without adding or modifying compounds, is both convenient and efficient for enhancing CO2 recycling. As such, additional optimization of various environmental parameters holds promise for further enhancing the performance of recombinant strains efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Yu
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Woo-Ri Shin
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ji Hun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Soo Youn Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Centre, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jiho Min
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, South Korea
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9
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Alias FL, Nezhad NG, Normi YM, Ali MSM, Budiman C, Leow TC. Recent Advances in Overexpression of Functional Recombinant Lipases. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1737-1749. [PMID: 36971996 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous functional expression of the recombinant lipases is typically a bottleneck due to the expression in the insoluble fraction as inclusion bodies (IBs) which are in inactive form. Due to the importance of lipases in various industrial applications, many investigations have been conducted to discover suitable approaches to obtain functional lipase or increase the expressed yield in the soluble fraction. The utilization of the appropriate prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems, along with the suitable vectors, promoters, and tags, has been recognized as a practical approach. One of the most powerful strategies to produce bioactive lipases is using the molecular chaperones co-expressed along with the target protein's genes into the expression host to produce the lipase in soluble fraction as a bioactive form. The refolding of expressed lipase from IBs (inactive) is another practical strategy which is usually carried out through chemical and physical methods. Based on recent investigations, the current review simultaneously highlights strategies to express the bioactive lipases and recover the bioactive lipases from the IBs in insoluble form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Liyana Alias
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nima Ghahremani Nezhad
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yahaya M Normi
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Cahyo Budiman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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10
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Parladé E, Sánchez JM, López-Laguna H, Unzueta U, Villaverde A, Vázquez E. Protein features instruct the secretion dynamics from metal-supported synthetic amyloids. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126164. [PMID: 37549767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Hexahistidine-tagged proteins can be clustered by divalent cations into self-containing, dynamic protein depots at the microscale, which under physiological conditions leak functional protein. While such protein granules show promise in clinics as time-sustained drug delivery systems, little is known about how the nature of their components, that is, the protein and the particular cation used as cross-linker, impact on the disintegration of the material and on its secretory performance. By using four model proteins and four different cation formulations to control aggregation, we have here determined a moderate influence of the used cation and a potent impact of some protein properties on the release kinetics and on the final fraction of releasable protein. In particular, the electrostatic charge at the amino terminus and the instability and hydropathicity indexes determine the disintegration profile of the depot. These data offer clues for the fabrication of efficient and fully exploitable secretory granules that being biocompatible and chemically homogenous allow their tailored use as drug delivery platforms in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Parladé
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN, ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Julieta M Sánchez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN, ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, ICTA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611, Córdoba 5016, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Hèctor López-Laguna
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN, ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN, ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN, ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN, ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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11
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Álamo P, Parladé E, Favaro MTP, Gallardo A, Mendoza R, Ferreira LC, Roher N, Mangues R, Villaverde A, Vázquez E. Probing the Biosafety of Implantable Artificial Secretory Granules for the Sustained Release of Bioactive Proteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39167-39175. [PMID: 37614001 PMCID: PMC10450642 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Among bio-inspired protein materials, secretory protein microparticles are of clinical interest as self-contained, slow protein delivery platforms that mimic secretory granules of the human endocrine system, in which the protein is both the drug and the scaffold. Upon subcutaneous injection, their progressive disintegration results in the sustained release of the building block polypeptides, which reach the bloodstream for systemic distribution and subsequent biological effects. Such entities are easily fabricated in vitro by Zn-assisted cross-molecular coordination of histidine residues. Using cationic Zn for the assembly of selected pure protein species and in the absence of any heterologous holding material, these granules are expected to be nontoxic and therefore adequate for different clinical uses. However, such presumed biosafety has not been so far confirmed and the potential protein dosage threshold not probed yet. By selecting the receptor binding domain (RBD) from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein as a model protein and using a mouse lab model, we have explored the toxicity of RBD-made secretory granules at increasing doses up to ∼100 mg/kg of animal weight. By monitoring body weight and biochemical blood markers and through the histological scrutiny of main tissues and organs, we have not observed systemic toxicity. Otherwise, the bioavailability of the material was demonstrated by the induction of specific antibody responses. The presented data confirm the intrinsic biosafety of artificial secretory granules made by recombinant proteins and prompt their further clinical development as self-contained and dynamic protein reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Álamo
- Institut
d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep
Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eloi Parladé
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marianna T. P. Favaro
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Instituto
de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade
de São Paulo, São
Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Institut
d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu
i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Mendoza
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Luís C.
S. Ferreira
- Instituto
de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade
de São Paulo, São
Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nerea Roher
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Department
of Cell Biology, Animal Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- Institut
d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep
Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament
de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN,
ISCIII), Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament
de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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12
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Perillo MA, Burgos I, Clop EM, Sanchez JM, Nolan V. The role of water in reactions catalysed by hydrolases under conditions of molecular crowding. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:639-660. [PMID: 37681097 PMCID: PMC10480385 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Under macromolecular crowding (MC) conditions such as cellular, extracellular, food and other environments of biotechnological interest, the thermodynamic activity of the different macromolecules present in the system is several orders of magnitude higher than in dilute solutions. In this state, the diffusion rates are affected by the volume exclusion induced by the crowders. Immiscible liquid phases, which may arise in MC by liquid-liquid phase separation, may induce a dynamic confinement of reactants, products and/or enzymes, tuning reaction rates. In cellular environments and other crowding conditions, membranes and macromolecules provide, on the whole, large surfaces that can perturb the solvent, causing its immobilisation by adsorption in the short range and also affecting the solvent viscosity in the long range. The latter phenomenon can affect the conformation of a protein and/or the degree of association of its protomers and, consequently, its activity. Changes in the water structure can also alter the enzyme-substrate interaction, and, in the case of hydrolytic enzymes, where water is one of the substrates, it also affects the reaction mechanism. Here, we review the evidence for how macromolecular crowding affects the catalysis induced by hydrolytic enzymes, focusing on the structure and dynamics of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Perillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, ICTA and Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Inés Burgos
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, ICTA and Departamento de Química Industrial y Aplicada, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo M. Clop
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, ICTA and Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julieta M. Sanchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, ICTA and Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
- Institut de Biotecnologia I de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica I de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Nolan
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, ICTA and Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
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13
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Lima GC, Chura-Chambi RM, Morganti L, Silva VJ, Cabral-Piccin MP, Rocha V, Medina TS, Ramos RN, Luz D. Recombinant human TIM-3 ectodomain expressed in bacteria and recovered from inclusion bodies as a stable and active molecule. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1227212. [PMID: 37588136 PMCID: PMC10426796 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1227212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Microbial systems, such as Escherichia coli, as host recombinant expression is the most versatile and the cheapest system for protein production, however, several obstacles still remain, such as recovery of soluble and functional proteins from inclusion bodies, elimination of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) contamination, incomplete synthesis, degradation by proteases, and the lack of post-translational modifications, which becomes even more complex when comes to membrane proteins, because they are difficult not only to produce but also to keep in solution in its active state. T-cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) is a type I transmembrane protein that is predominantly expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, playing a role as a negative immune checkpoint receptor. TIM-3 comprises a single ectodomain for interaction with immune system soluble and cellular components, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail, responsible for the binding of signaling and scaffolding molecules. TIM-3 pathway holds potential as a therapeutic target for immunotherapy against tumors, autoimmunity, chronic virus infections, and various malignancies, however, many aspects of the biology of this receptor are still incompletely understood, especially regarding its ligands. Methods: Here we overcome, for the first time, the challenge of the production of active immune checkpoint protein recovered from bacterial cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, being able to obtain an active, and non-glycosylated TIM-3 ectodomain (TIM-3-ECD), which can be used as a tool to better understand the interactions and roles of this immune checkpoint. The TIM-3 refolding was obtained by the association of high pressure and alkaline pH. Results: The purified TIM-3-ECD showed the correct secondary structure and was recognized from anti-TIM-3 structural-dependent antibodies likewise commercial TIM-3-ECD was produced by a mammal cells system. Furthermore, immunofluorescence showed the ability of TIM-3-ECD to bind to the surface of lung cancer A549 cells and to provide an additional boost for the expression of the lymphocyte activation marker CD69 in anti-CD3/CD28 activated human PBMC. Discussion: Taken together these results validated a methodology able to obtain active checkpoint proteins from bacterial inclusion bodies, which will be helpful to further investigate the interactions of this and others not yet explored immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. C. Lima
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - L. Morganti
- Biotechnology Center, Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research—CNEN/SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V. J. Silva
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Directed Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology, Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. P. Cabral-Piccin
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V. Rocha
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Directed Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology, Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- D’OR Institute of Research and Education, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T. S. Medina
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. N. Ramos
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Directed Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology, Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- D’OR Institute of Research and Education, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D. Luz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Belkova M, Janegova T, Hrabarova E, Nahalka J. Physiologically Aggregated LacZ Applied in Trehalose Galactosylation in a Recycled Batch Mode. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1619. [PMID: 37629477 PMCID: PMC10455999 DOI: 10.3390/life13081619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Galactooligosaccharides obtained via β-galactosidase transgalactosylation have health-promoting properties and are widely recognized as effective prebiotics. Trehalose-based galactooligosaccharides could be introduced into food and pharmaceutical industries similarly to trehalose. In light of this, new technological approaches are needed. Recently, in vivo enzyme immobilizations for recombinant proteins have been introduced, and physiological aggregation into active inclusion bodies (aIBs) has emerged as one such method of in vivo immobilization. To prepare LacZ β-galactosidase in the form of aIBs, we used a short 10 amino acid aggregation-prone tag. These native protein particles were simply washed from the cell lysate and applied in trehalose galactosylation in a recycled batch mode. In this study, aIBs entrapped in alginate beads, encapsulated in alginate/cellulose sulfate/poly(methylene-co-guanidine) capsules and magnetized were compared with free aIBs. Alginate/cellulose sulfate/PMCG capsules showed more suitable properties and applicability for biotransformation of trehalose at its high concentration (25%, w/v) and elevated temperature (50 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Belkova
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for White-Green Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, SK-94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Janegova
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for White-Green Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, SK-94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Eva Hrabarova
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for White-Green Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, SK-94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Nahalka
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for White-Green Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, SK-94976 Nitra, Slovakia
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15
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Sun T, Liu Y, Wang K, Duan F, Lu L. Biotransformation of Tyrosol into a Novel Valuable α-Galactoside with Increased Solubility and Improved Anti-inflammatory Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37319317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, tyrosol [2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanol], which is rich in olive oil and red wine, was converted to a novel bioactive galactoside by enzymic glycosylation. The gene of α-galactosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus 23 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as catalytically active inclusion bodies. The catalytically active inclusion bodies efficiently catalyzed the galactosylation of tyrosol using either melibiose or raffinose family oligosaccharides as glycosyl donors, resulting in a glycoside with 42.2 or 14.2% yields. The glycoside product was purified and identified as p-hydroxyphenethyl α-d-galactopyranoside by mass spectrometry and NMR analyses. The inclusion bodies can be recycled and reused for at least 10 batch reactions of galactoside synthesis. Moreover, the galactoside showed 11-fold increased water solubility and reduced cytotoxicity as compared to tyrosol. Also, it exhibited higher antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities than tyrosol based on lipopolysaccharide-induced activated BV2 cells. These results provided important insights into the application of tyrosol derivatives in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Feiyu Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Lili Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
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16
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Design, Production, and Characterization of Catalytically Active Inclusion Bodies. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2617:49-74. [PMID: 36656516 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2930-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Catalytically active inclusion bodies (CatIBs) are promising biologically produced enzyme/protein immobilizates for application in biocatalysis, synthetic chemistry, and biomedicine. CatIB formation is commonly induced by fusion of suitable aggregation-inducing tags to a given target protein. Heterologous production of the fusion protein in turn yields CatIBs. This chapter presents the methodology needed to design, produce, and characterize CatIBs.
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17
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Roca-Pinilla R, Arís A, Garcia-Fruitós E. Antimicrobial Applications of Inclusion Bodies. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2617:257-269. [PMID: 36656531 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2930-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A broad number of inclusion bodies (IBs) potential uses, including biocatalysis, biocompatible nanomaterials, and nanopills for biomedicine, have been described so far. Recently, it has also been shown that they can also be used as antimicrobial agents. Here, we describe the protocol used to produce and purify IBs with antimicrobial activity at desirable yields and also an optimized and simple methodology to determine the antimicrobial activity of IBs against bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Roca-Pinilla
- Translational Vectorology Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Arís
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
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18
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Valdez-Cruz NA, Trujillo-Roldán MA. Thermoinducible E. coli for Recombinant Protein Production in Inclusion Bodies. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2617:17-30. [PMID: 36656514 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2930-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The temperature-inducible λpL/pR-cI857 expression system has been widely used to produce recombinant proteins (RPs), especially when it is necessary to avoid the addition of exogenous materials to induce the expression of recombinant genes, preventing contamination of bioprocesses. The temperature increase favors the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs). The temperature upshift could change the metabolism, productivities, cell viability, IBs architecture, and the host cell proteins inside IBs, affecting downstream to obtain the final product. In this contribution, we focus on the relationship between the bioprocesses using temperature increase as inducer, the heat shock response associated with temperature up-shift, the RP accumulation, and the formation of IBs. Here, we describe how to produce IBs and how culture conditions can modulate the composition and architecture of IBs by modifying the induction temperature in RP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Mauricio A Trujillo-Roldán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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19
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Scutteri L, Maltoni G, Hochkoeppler A. Amberlite XAD-4 is a convenient tool for removing Triton X-100 and Sarkosyl from protein solutions. Biotechniques 2023; 74:45-50. [PMID: 36621959 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2022-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amberlite has been shown to be an appropriate material for the adsorption of organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. In addition, Amberlite XAD-2 has been successfully used, as an alternative to Bio-Beads, to remove Triton X-100 from protein solutions, such as from samples of solubilized membrane proteins. However, Amberlite has not been tested as an adsorbent when a mixture of detergents is necessary to solubilize and refold a target protein. Here the authors show that Amberlite XAD-4 can be appropriately used to aid the purification process of proteins solubilized from inclusion bodies with the ternary detergent system consisting of Sarkosyl, Triton X-100 and CHAPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Scutteri
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Giulia Maltoni
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Alejandro Hochkoeppler
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna, 40136, Italy
- CSGI, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
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Kopp J, Spadiut O. Inclusion Bodies: Status Quo and Perspectives. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2617:1-13. [PMID: 36656513 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2930-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple E. coli cultivations, producing recombinant proteins, lead to the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs). IBs historically were considered as nondesired by-products, due to their time- and cost-intensive purification. Nowadays, many obstacles in IB processing can be overcome. As a consequence, several industrial processes with E. coli favor IB formation over soluble production options due to the high space time yields obtained. Within this chapter, we discuss the state-of-the art biopharmaceutical IB process, review its challenges, highlight the recent developments and perspectives, and also propose alternative solutions, compared to the state-of-the art processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kopp
- Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, TU Wien Institute of Chemical, Environmental, and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, TU Wien Institute of Chemical, Environmental, and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Roca-Pinilla R, Lisowski L, Arís A, Garcia-Fruitós E. The future of recombinant host defense peptides. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:267. [PMID: 36544150 PMCID: PMC9768982 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance crisis calls for the discovery and production of new antimicrobials. Host defense peptides (HDPs) are small proteins with potent antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities that are attractive for translational applications, with several already under clinical trials. Traditionally, antimicrobial peptides have been produced by chemical synthesis, which is expensive and requires the use of toxic reagents, hindering the large-scale development of HDPs. Alternatively, HDPs can be produced recombinantly to overcome these limitations. Their antimicrobial nature, however, can make them toxic to the hosts of recombinant production. In this review we explore the different strategies that are used to fine-tune their activities, bioengineer them, and optimize the recombinant production of HDPs in various cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Roca-Pinilla
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XTranslational Vectorology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XTranslational Vectorology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145 Australia ,grid.415641.30000 0004 0620 0839Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Arís
- grid.8581.40000 0001 1943 6646Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries IRTA, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- grid.8581.40000 0001 1943 6646Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries IRTA, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
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22
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Kachhawaha K, Singh S, Joshi K, Nain P, Singh SK. Bioprocessing of recombinant proteins from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies: insights from structure-function relationship for novel applications. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:728-752. [PMID: 36534636 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2155835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of inclusion bodies (IBs) during expression of recombinant therapeutic proteins using E. coli is a significant hurdle in producing high-quality, safe, and efficacious medicines. The improved understanding of the structure-function relationship of the IBs has resulted in the development of novel biotechnologies that have streamlined the isolation, solubilization, refolding, and purification of the active functional proteins from the bacterial IBs. Together, this overall effort promises to radically improve the scope of experimental biology of therapeutic protein production and expand new prospects in IBs usage. Notably, the IBs are increasingly used for applications in more pristine areas such as drug delivery and material sciences. In this review, we intend to provide a comprehensive picture of the bio-processing of bacterial IBs, including assessing critical gaps that still need to be addressed and potential solutions to overcome them. We expect this review to be a useful resource for those working in the area of protein refolding and therapeutic protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Kachhawaha
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Santanu Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Khyati Joshi
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Priyanka Nain
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Sumit K Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
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23
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Shendge AA, D’Souza JS. Strategic optimization of conditions for the solubilization of GST-tagged amphipathic helix-containing ciliary proteins overexpressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:258. [PMID: 36510188 PMCID: PMC9746132 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of affinity-tagged recombinant proteins for crystallography, protein-protein interaction, antibody generation, therapeutic applications, etc. mandates the generation of high-yield soluble proteins. Although recent developments suggest the use of yeast, insect, and mammalian cell lines as protein expression platforms, Escherichia coli is still the most popular, due mainly to its ease of growth, feasibility in genetic manipulation and economy. However, some proteins have a spontaneous tendency to form inclusion bodies (IBs) when over-expressed in bacterial expression systems such as E. coli, thus posing a challenge in purification and yield. At times, small peptides undergo degradation during protein production and hence using suitable tags could circumvent the problem. Although several independent techniques have been used to solubilize IBs, these cannot always be applied in a generic sense. Although tagging a GST moiety is known to enhance the solubility of fusion proteins in E. coli, resulting in yields of 10-50 mg/L of the culture, the inherent nature of the protein sequence at times could lead to the formation of IBs. We have been working on a Myc Binding Protein-1 orthologue, viz. Flagellar Associated Protein 174 (FAP174) from the axoneme of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that binds to an A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 240 (AKAP240) which has been annotated as Flagellar Associated Protein 65 (FAP65). Using an in-silico approach, we have identified two amphipathic helices on FAP65 (CrFAP65AH1 and CrFAP65AH2) that are predicted to bind to FAP174. To test this prediction, we have cloned the GST-tagged peptides, and overexpressed them in E. coli that have resulted in insoluble IBs. The yields of these over-expressed recombinant proteins dropped considerably due to IB formation, indicating aggregation. An integrated approach has been used to solubilize four highly hydrophobic polypeptides, viz. two amphipathic helices and the respective proline variants of FAP65. For solubilizing these polypeptides, variables such as non-denaturing detergents (IGEPAL CA-630), changing the ionic strength of the cell lysis and solubilization buffer, addition of BugBuster®, diluting the cell lysate and sonication were introduced. Our statistically viable results yielded highly soluble and functional polypeptides, indiscreet secondary structures, and a yield of ~ 20 mg/L of the E. coli culture. Our combinatorial strategy using chemical and physical methods to solubilize IBs could prove useful for hydrophobic peptides and proteins with amphipathic helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta A. Shendge
- grid.452882.10000 0004 1761 3305School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Kalina campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400098 India
| | - Jacinta S. D’Souza
- grid.452882.10000 0004 1761 3305School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Kalina campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400098 India
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24
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de Pinho Favaro MT, Atienza-Garriga J, Martínez-Torró C, Parladé E, Vázquez E, Corchero JL, Ferrer-Miralles N, Villaverde A. Recombinant vaccines in 2022: a perspective from the cell factory. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:203. [PMID: 36199085 PMCID: PMC9532831 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The last big outbreaks of Ebola fever in Africa, the thousands of avian influenza outbreaks across Europe, Asia, North America and Africa, the emergence of monkeypox virus in Europe and specially the COVID-19 pandemics have globally stressed the need for efficient, cost-effective vaccines against infectious diseases. Ideally, they should be based on transversal technologies of wide applicability. In this context, and pushed by the above-mentioned epidemiological needs, new and highly sophisticated DNA-or RNA-based vaccination strategies have been recently developed and applied at large-scale. Being very promising and effective, they still need to be assessed regarding the level of conferred long-term protection. Despite these fast-developing approaches, subunit vaccines, based on recombinant proteins obtained by conventional genetic engineering, still show a wide spectrum of interesting potentialities and an important margin for further development. In the 80's, the first vaccination attempts with recombinant vaccines consisted in single structural proteins from viral pathogens, administered as soluble plain versions. In contrast, more complex formulations of recombinant antigens with particular geometries are progressively generated and explored in an attempt to mimic the multifaceted set of stimuli offered to the immune system by replicating pathogens. The diversity of recombinant antimicrobial vaccines and vaccine prototypes is revised here considering the cell factory types, through relevant examples of prototypes under development as well as already approved products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Teixeira de Pinho Favaro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jan Atienza-Garriga
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Torró
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eloi Parladé
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Luis Corchero
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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Cano-Garrido O, Serna N, Unzueta U, Parladé E, Mangues R, Villaverde A, Vázquez E. Protein scaffolds in human clinics. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108032. [PMID: 36089254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental clinical areas such as drug delivery and regenerative medicine require biocompatible materials as mechanically stable scaffolds or as nanoscale drug carriers. Among the wide set of emerging biomaterials, polypeptides offer enticing properties over alternative polymers, including full biocompatibility, biodegradability, precise interactivity, structural stability and conformational and functional versatility, all of them tunable by conventional protein engineering. However, proteins from non-human sources elicit immunotoxicities that might bottleneck further development and narrow their clinical applicability. In this context, selecting human proteins or developing humanized protein versions as building blocks is a strict demand to design non-immunogenic protein materials. We review here the expanding catalogue of human or humanized proteins tailored to execute different levels of scaffolding functions and how they can be engineered as self-assembling materials in form of oligomers, polymers or complex networks. In particular, we emphasize those that are under clinical development, revising their fields of applicability and how they have been adapted to offer, apart from mere mechanical support, highly refined functions and precise molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Cano-Garrido
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Naroa Serna
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, 08916 Badalona (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Eloi Parladé
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, 08916 Badalona (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Esther Vázquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain.
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26
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Unzueta U, Sanchez JM, Garcia-Fruitós E, Seras-Franzoso J. Editorial: High added-value nanoparticles: Rethinking and recycling cell protein waste. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1018014. [PMID: 36131721 PMCID: PMC9483177 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1018014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ugutz Unzueta
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC, Campus Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julieta M. Sanchez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, ICTA, FCEFyN, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Drug Delivery and Targeting, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Joaquin Seras-Franzoso,
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27
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Schaefer A, Naser D, Siebeneichler B, Tarasca MV, Meiering EM. Methodological advances and strategies for high resolution structure determination of cellular protein aggregates. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102197. [PMID: 35760099 PMCID: PMC9396402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of proteins is at the nexus of molecular processes crucial to aging, disease, and employing proteins for biotechnology and medical applications. There has been much recent progress in determining the structural features of protein aggregates that form in cells; yet, owing to prevalent heterogeneity in aggregation, many aspects remain obscure and often experimentally intractable to define. Here, we review recent results of structural studies for cell-derived aggregates of normally globular proteins, with a focus on high-resolution methods for their analysis and prediction. Complementary results obtained by solid-state NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and microspectroscopy, cryo-EM, and amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange measured by NMR and mass spectrometry, applied to bacterial inclusion bodies and disease inclusions, are uncovering novel information on in-cell aggregation patterns as well as great diversity in the structural features of useful and aberrant protein aggregates. Using these advances as a guide, this review aims to advise the reader on which combination of approaches may be the most appropriate to apply to their unique system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalia Naser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michael V Tarasca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Restrepo-Pineda, Rosiles-BecerrilVargas-Castillo D, Ávila-Barrientos LP, Luviano A, Sánchez-Puig N, García-Hernández E, Pérez NO, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Induction temperature impacts the structure of recombinant HuGM-CSF inclusion bodies in thermoinducible E. coli. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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29
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Ölçücü G, Baumer B, Küsters K, Möllenhoff K, Oldiges M, Pietruszka J, Jaeger KE, Krauss U. Catalytically Active Inclusion Bodies─Benchmarking and Application in Flow Chemistry. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1881-1896. [PMID: 35500299 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In industries, enzymes are often immobilized to obtain stable preparations that can be utilized in batch and flow processes. In contrast to traditional immobilization methods that rely on carrier binding, various immobilization strategies have been recently presented that enable the simultaneous production and in vivo immobilization of enzymes. Catalytically active inclusion bodies (CatIBs) are a promising example for such in vivo enzyme immobilizates. CatIB formation is commonly induced by fusion of aggregation-inducing tags, and numerous tags, ranging from small synthetic peptides to protein domains or whole proteins, have been successfully used. However, since these systems have been characterized by different groups employing different methods, a direct comparison remains difficult, which prompted us to benchmark different CatIB-formation-inducing tags and fusion strategies. Our study highlights that important CatIB properties like yield, activity, and stability are strongly influenced by tag selection and fusion strategy. Optimization enabled us to obtain alcohol dehydrogenase CatIBs with superior activity and stability, which were subsequently applied for the first time in a flow synthesis approach. Our study highlights the potential of CatIB-based immobilizates, while at the same time demonstrating the robust use of CatIBs in flow chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ölçücü
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Baumer
- Institute of Biorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kira Küsters
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Möllenhoff
- Mathematical Institute, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute of Biorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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30
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López-Cano A, Martínez-Miguel M, Guasch J, Ratera I, Arís A, Garcia-Fruitós E. Exploring the impact of the recombinant Escherichia coli strain on defensins antimicrobial activity: BL21 versus Origami strain. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:77. [PMID: 35527241 PMCID: PMC9082834 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing emergence of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics has prompted the development of alternative antimicrobial therapies. Among them, the antimicrobial peptides produced by innate immunity, which are also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), hold great potential. They have been shown to exert activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including those resistant to antibiotics. These HDPs are classified into three categories: defensins, cathelicidins, and histatins. Traditionally, HDPs have been chemically synthesized, but this strategy often limits their application due to the high associated production costs. Alternatively, some HDPs have been recombinantly produced, but little is known about the impact of the bacterial strain in the recombinant product. This work aimed to assess the influence of the Escherichia coli strain used as cell factory to determine the activity and stability of recombinant defensins, which have 3 disulfide bonds. For that, an α-defensin [human α-defensin 5 (HD5)] and a β-defensin [bovine lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP)] were produced in two recombinant backgrounds. The first one was an E. coli BL21 strain, which has a reducing cytoplasm, whereas the second was an E. coli Origami B, that is a strain with a more oxidizing cytoplasm. The results showed that both HD5 and LAP, fused to Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), were successfully produced in both BL21 and Origami B strains. However, differences were observed in the HDP production yield and bactericidal activity, especially for the HD5-based protein. The HD5 protein fused to GFP was not only produced at higher yields in the E. coli BL21 strain, but it also showed a higher quality and stability than that produced in the Origami B strain. Hence, this data showed that the strain had a clear impact on both HDPs quantity and quality.
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Barguilla I, Unzueta U, Carratalá JV, Cano-Garrido O, Villaverde A, Hernández A, Ferrer-Miralles N. Toxicity Profiling of Bacterial Inclusion Bodies in Human Caco-2 Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:842256. [PMID: 35573225 PMCID: PMC9099286 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.842256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are discrete macromolecular complexes that appear in recombinant prokaryotic cells under stress conditions. These structures are often discarded for biotechnological uses given the difficulty in recovering proteins of interest from them in a soluble form. However, recent approaches have revealed the potential of these protein clusters as biomaterials to promote cell growth and as protein depots for the release of recombinant proteins for biotechnological and biomedical applications. Although these kinds of natural supramolecular complexes have attracted great interest, no comprehensive study of their toxicity in cell cultures has been carried out. In this study, caco-2 cells were exposed to natural IBs, soluble protein-only nanoparticles (NPs), and non-assembled versions of the same protein for comparative purposes. Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity were analyzed for all these protein formats. Natural IBs and soluble protein formats demonstrated their safety in eukaryotic cells. No cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, or oxidative stress was detected in caco-2 cells exposed to the protein samples in any of the experimental conditions evaluated, which covered protein concentrations used in previous biological activity assays. These conditions evaluated the activity of protein samples obtained from three prokaryotic hosts [Escherichia coli and the endotoxin-free expression systems Lactococcus lactis and ClearColi® BL21 (DE3)]. Our results demonstrate that natural IBs and soluble protein nanoparticles are non-toxic materials for eukaryotic cells and that this may represent an interesting alternative to the classical unassembled format of recombinant proteins for certain applications in biotechnology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Barguilla
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Vicente Carratalá
- Networking Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Olivia Cano-Garrido
- Networking Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Networking Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alba Hernández
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Networking Center for Biomedical Research in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Restrepo-Pineda S, Sánchez-Puig N, Pérez NO, García-Hernández E, Valdez-Cruz NA, Trujillo-Roldán MA. The pre-induction temperature affects recombinant HuGM-CSF aggregation in thermoinducible Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2883-2902. [PMID: 35412129 PMCID: PMC9002048 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The overproduction of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli leads to insoluble aggregates of proteins called inclusion bodies (IBs). IBs are considered dynamic entities that harbor high percentages of the recombinant protein, which can be found in different conformational states. The production conditions influence the properties of IBs and recombinant protein recovery and solubilization. The E. coli growth in thermoinduced systems is generally carried out at 30 °C and then recombinant protein production at 42 °C. Since the heat shock response in E. coli is triggered above 34 °C, the synthesis of heat shock proteins can modify the yields of the recombinant protein and the structural quality of IBs. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different pre-induction temperatures (30 and 34 °C) on the growth of E. coli W3110 producing the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rHuGM-CSF) and on the IBs structure in a λpL/pR-cI857 thermoinducible system. The recombinant E. coli cultures growing at 34 °C showed a ~ 69% increase in the specific growth rate compared to cultures grown at 30 °C. The amount of rHuGM-CSF in IBs was significantly higher in cultures grown at 34 °C. Main folding chaperones (DnaK and GroEL) were associated with IBs and their co-chaperones (DnaJ and GroES) with the soluble protein fraction. Finally, IBs from cultures that grew at 34 °C had a lower content of amyloid-like structure and were more sensitive to proteolytic degradation than IBs obtained from cultures at 30 °C. Our study presents evidence that increasing the pre-induction temperature in a thermoinduced system allows obtaining higher recombinant protein and reducing amyloid contents of the IBs. KEY POINTS: • Pre-induction temperature determines inclusion bodies architecture • In pre-induction (above 34 °C), the heat shock response increases recombinant protein production • Inclusion bodies at higher pre-induction temperature show a lower amyloid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Restrepo-Pineda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CP, 04510, México
| | - Nuria Sánchez-Puig
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Néstor O Pérez
- Probiomed S.A. de C.V. Planta Tenancingo, Cruce de Carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacan SN, Tenancingo, CP 52400, Estado de México, México
| | - Enrique García-Hernández
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CP, 04510, México
| | - Mauricio A Trujillo-Roldán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CP, 04510, México.
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Unidad de Bioprocesos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CP, 04510, México.
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Sánchez JM, Carratalá JV, Serna N, Unzueta U, Nolan V, Sánchez-Chardi A, Voltà-Durán E, López-Laguna H, Ferrer-Miralles N, Villaverde A, Vazquez E. The Poly-Histidine Tag H6 Mediates Structural and Functional Properties of Disintegrating, Protein-Releasing Inclusion Bodies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030602. [PMID: 35335976 PMCID: PMC8955739 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination between histidine-rich peptides and divalent cations supports the formation of nano- and micro-scale protein biomaterials, including toxic and non-toxic functional amyloids, which can be adapted as drug delivery systems. Among them, inclusion bodies (IBs) formed in recombinant bacteria have shown promise as protein depots for time-sustained protein release. We have demonstrated here that the hexahistidine (H6) tag, fused to recombinant proteins, impacts both on the formation of bacterial IBs and on the conformation of the IB-forming protein, which shows a higher content of cross-beta intermolecular interactions in H6-tagged versions. Additionally, the addition of EDTA during the spontaneous disintegration of isolated IBs largely affects the protein leakage rate, again protein release being stimulated in His-tagged materials. This event depends on the number of His residues but irrespective of the location of the tag in the protein, as it occurs in either C-tagged or N-tagged proteins. The architectonic role of H6 in the formation of bacterial IBs, probably through coordination with divalent cations, offers an easy approach to manipulate protein leakage and to tailor the applicability of this material as a secretory amyloidal depot in different biomedical interfaces. In addition, the findings also offer a model to finely investigate, in a simple set-up, the mechanics of protein release from functional secretory amyloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta María Sánchez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.S.); (J.V.C.); (N.S.); (E.V.-D.); (H.L.-L.); (N.F.-M.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, ICTA & Cátedra de Química Biológica, Departamento de Química, FCEFyN, UNC. Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X 5016GCA, Argentina;
| | - José Vicente Carratalá
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.S.); (J.V.C.); (N.S.); (E.V.-D.); (H.L.-L.); (N.F.-M.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Naroa Serna
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.S.); (J.V.C.); (N.S.); (E.V.-D.); (H.L.-L.); (N.F.-M.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Nolan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, ICTA & Cátedra de Química Biológica, Departamento de Química, FCEFyN, UNC. Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X 5016GCA, Argentina;
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi
- Servei de Microscòpia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Voltà-Durán
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.S.); (J.V.C.); (N.S.); (E.V.-D.); (H.L.-L.); (N.F.-M.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hèctor López-Laguna
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.S.); (J.V.C.); (N.S.); (E.V.-D.); (H.L.-L.); (N.F.-M.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.S.); (J.V.C.); (N.S.); (E.V.-D.); (H.L.-L.); (N.F.-M.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.S.); (J.V.C.); (N.S.); (E.V.-D.); (H.L.-L.); (N.F.-M.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Esther Vazquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.S.); (J.V.C.); (N.S.); (E.V.-D.); (H.L.-L.); (N.F.-M.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Plaça Cívica s/n, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (E.V.)
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Serna N, Falgàs A, García-León A, Unzueta U, Núñez Y, Sánchez-Chardi A, Martínez-Torró C, Mangues R, Vazquez E, Casanova I, Villaverde A. Time-Prolonged Release of Tumor-Targeted Protein-MMAE Nanoconjugates from Implantable Hybrid Materials. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010192. [PMID: 35057088 PMCID: PMC8777625 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustained release of small, tumor-targeted cytotoxic drugs is an unmet need in cancer therapies, which usually rely on punctual administration regimens of non-targeted drugs. Here, we have developed a novel concept of protein–drug nanoconjugates, which are packaged as slow-releasing chemically hybrid depots and sustain a prolonged secretion of the therapeutic agent. For this, we covalently attached hydrophobic molecules (including the antitumoral drug Monomethyl Auristatin E) to a protein targeting a tumoral cell surface marker abundant in several human neoplasias, namely the cytokine receptor CXCR4. By this, a controlled aggregation of the complex is achieved, resulting in mechanically stable protein–drug microparticles. These materials, which are mimetics of bacterial inclusion bodies and of mammalian secretory granules, allow the slow leakage of fully functional conjugates at the nanoscale, both in vitro and in vivo. Upon subcutaneous administration in a mouse model of human CXCR4+ lymphoma, the protein–drug depots release nanoconjugates for at least 10 days, which accumulate in the tumor with a potent antitumoral effect. The modification of scaffold cell-targeted proteins by hydrophobic drug conjugation is then shown as a novel transversal platform for the design of slow releasing protein–drug depots, with potential application in a broad spectrum of clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naroa Serna
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (C.M.-T.); (E.V.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (A.G.-L.); (Y.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Aïda Falgàs
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (A.G.-L.); (Y.N.); (R.M.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Research Institute, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annabel García-León
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (A.G.-L.); (Y.N.); (R.M.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Research Institute, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (A.G.-L.); (Y.N.); (R.M.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Research Institute, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yáiza Núñez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (A.G.-L.); (Y.N.); (R.M.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Research Institute, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi
- Servei de Microscòpia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Torró
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (C.M.-T.); (E.V.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (A.G.-L.); (Y.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Ramón Mangues
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (A.G.-L.); (Y.N.); (R.M.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Research Institute, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Vazquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (C.M.-T.); (E.V.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (A.G.-L.); (Y.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Isolda Casanova
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (A.G.-L.); (Y.N.); (R.M.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Research Institute, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.S.); (C.M.-T.); (E.V.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (A.G.-L.); (Y.N.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (A.V.)
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Marín J, Aguilera P, Lagos R, Marcoleta A. Assessment of Intracellular Amyloid Formation in Fixed and Live Bacteria Using Fluorescence Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2538:261-273. [PMID: 35951305 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2529-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although amyloid aggregation has been generally associated with protein misfolding and neurodegenerative diseases in mammals, bacteria and other organisms have harnessed amyloidogenesis to perform diverse biological processes. These functional amyloids, some of them secreted and others intracellular, require that the producing cells keep aggregation under control in the cytoplasm upon protein translation, preventing their inherent toxicity. Thus, it is highly relevant to understand how intracellular amyloid formation occurs and is regulated, its metabolic consequences, and the formation dynamics and fate of the amyloid inclusions upon cell division. This chapter describes methods leveraging fluorescence microscopy and fixed- or live-cell imaging to monitor intracellular amyloid formation in bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Marín
- Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular BEM, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular BEM, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosalba Lagos
- Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular BEM, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Marcoleta
- Laboratorio de Biología Estructural y Molecular BEM, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Ferrer-Miralles N, Saccardo P, Corchero JL, Garcia-Fruitós E. Recombinant Protein Production and Purification of Insoluble Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2406:1-31. [PMID: 35089548 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1859-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are synthesized in heterologous systems because of the impossibility to obtain satisfactory yields from natural sources. The efficient production of soluble and functional recombinant proteins is among the main goals in the biotechnological field. In this context, it is important to point out that under stress conditions, protein folding machinery is saturated and this promotes protein misfolding and, consequently, protein aggregation. Thus, the selection of the optimal expression organism and its growth conditions to minimize the formation of insoluble protein aggregates should be done according to the protein characteristics and downstream requirements. Escherichia coli is the most popular recombinant protein expression system despite the great development achieved so far by eukaryotic expression systems. Besides, other prokaryotic expression systems, such as lactic acid bacteria and psychrophilic bacteria, are gaining interest in this field. However, it is worth mentioning that prokaryotic expression system poses, in many cases, severe restrictions for a successful heterologous protein production. Thus, eukaryotic systems such as mammalian cells, insect cells, yeast, filamentous fungus, and microalgae are an interesting alternative for the production of these difficult-to-express proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Paolo Saccardo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - José Luis Corchero
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
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37
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Singhvi P, Saneja A, Ahuja R, Panda AK. Solubilization and refolding of variety of inclusion body proteins using a novel formulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2352-2364. [PMID: 34798190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Formation of protein aggregates as inclusion bodies (IBs) still poses a major hurdle in the recovery of bioactive proteins from E. coli. Despite the development of many mild solubilization buffers in last two decades, high-throughput recovery of functional protein from wide range of IBs is still a challenge at an academic and industrial scale. Herein, a novel formulation for improved recovery of bioactive protein from variety of bacterial IBs is developed. This novel formulation is comprised of 20% trifluoroethanol, 20% n-propanol and 2 M urea at pH 12.5 which disrupts the major dominant forces involved in protein aggregation. An extensive comparative study of novel formulation conducted on different IBs demonstrates its high solubilization and refolding efficiency. The overall yield of bioactive protein from human growth hormone expressed as bacterial IBs is reported to be around 50%. This is attributed to the capability of novel formulation to disrupt the tertiary structure of the protein while protecting the secondary structure of the protein, thereby reducing the formation of soluble aggregates during refolding. Thus, the formulation can eliminate the need of screening and optimizing various solubilization formulation and will improve the efficiency of recovering bioactive protein from variety of IB aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Singhvi
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Ahuja
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Amulya K Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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38
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Trainor K, Doyle CM, Metcalfe-Roach A, Steckner J, Lipovšek D, Malakian H, Langley D, Krystek SR, Meiering EM. Design for Solubility May Reveal Induction of Amide Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange by Protein Self-Association. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167398. [PMID: 34902431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural heterogeneity often constrains the characterization of aggregating proteins to indirect or low-resolution methods, obscuring mechanistic details of association. Here, we report progress in understanding the aggregation of Adnectins, engineered binding proteins with an immunoglobulin-like fold. We rationally design Adnectin solubility and measure amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) under conditions that permit transient protein self-association. Protein-protein binding commonly slows rates of HDX; in contrast, we find that Adnectin association may induce faster HDX for certain amides, particularly in the C-terminal β-strand. In aggregation-prone proteins, we identify a pattern of very different rates of amide HDX for residues linked by reciprocal hydrogen bonds in the native structure. These results may be explained by local loss of native structure and formation of an inter-protein interface. Amide HDX induced by self-association, detected here by deliberate modulation of propensity for such interactions, may be a general phenomenon with the potential to expose mechanisms of aggregation by diverse proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Trainor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen M Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Avril Metcalfe-Roach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Julia Steckner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daša Lipovšek
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, MA 02140, United States.
| | | | - David Langley
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, MA 02140, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth M Meiering
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
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39
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Intranasal vaccination with protein bodies elicit strong protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization. Vaccine 2021; 39:6920-6929. [PMID: 34696934 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein bodies (PBs) are particles consisting of insoluble, aggregated proteins with potential as a vaccine formulation. PBs can contain high concentrations of antigen, are stable and relatively resistant to proteases, release antigen slowly and are cost-effective to manufacture. Yet, the capacity of PBs to provoke immune responses and protection in the upper respiratory tract, a major entry route of respiratory pathogens, is largely unknown. In this study, we vaccinated mice intranasally with PBs comprising antigens from Streptococcus pneumoniae and evaluated the level of protection against nasopharyngeal colonization. PBs composed of the α-helical domain of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspAα) provided superior protection against colonization with S. pneumoniae compared to soluble PspAα. Immunization with soluble protein or PBs induced differences in antibody binding to pneumococci as well as a highly distinct antigen-specific nasal cytokine profile upon in vivo stimulation with inactivated S. pneumoniae. Moreover, immunization with PBs composed of conserved putative pneumococcal antigens reduced colonization by S. pneumoniae in mice, both as a single- and as a multi-antigen formulation. In conclusion, PBs represent a vaccine formulation that elicits strong mucosal immune responses and protection. The versatility of this platform offers opportunities for development of next-generation vaccine formulations.
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40
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Álamo P, Parladé E, López-Laguna H, Voltà-Durán E, Unzueta U, Vazquez E, Mangues R, Villaverde A. Ion-dependent slow protein release from in vivo disintegrating micro-granules. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2383-2391. [PMID: 34747685 PMCID: PMC8584089 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1998249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the controlled addition of divalent cations, polyhistidine-tagged proteins can be clustered in form of chemically pure and mechanically stable micron-scale particles. Under physiological conditions, these materials act as self-disintegrating protein depots for the progressive release of the forming polypeptide, with potential applications in protein drug delivery, diagnosis, or theragnosis. Here we have explored the in vivo disintegration pattern of a set of such depots, upon subcutaneous administration in mice. These microparticles were fabricated with cationic forms of either Zn, Ca, Mg, or Mn, which abound in the mammalian body. By using a CXCR4-targeted fluorescent protein as a reporter building block we categorized those cations regarding their ability to persist in the administration site and to sustain a slow release of functional protein. Ca2+ and specially Zn2+ have been observed as particularly good promoters of time-prolonged protein leakage. The released polypeptides result is available for selective molecular interactions, such as specific fluorescent labeling of tumor tissues, in which the protein reaches nearly steady levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Álamo
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eloi Parladé
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Hèctor López-Laguna
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eric Voltà-Durán
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Esther Vazquez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ramon Mangues
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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41
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Polylactide, Processed by a Foaming Method Using Compressed Freon R134a, for Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203453. [PMID: 34685212 PMCID: PMC8539307 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabricating polymeric scaffolds using cost-effective manufacturing processes is still challenging. Gas foaming techniques using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) have attracted attention for producing synthetic polymer matrices; however, the high-pressure requirements are often a technological barrier for its widespread use. Compressed 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, known as Freon R134a, offers advantages over CO2 in manufacturing processes in terms of lower pressure and temperature conditions and the use of low-cost equipment. Here, we report for the first time the use of Freon R134a for generating porous polymer matrices, specifically polylactide (PLA). PLA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a exhibited larger pore sizes, and total porosity, and appropriate mechanical properties compared with those achieved by scCO2 processing. PLGA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a were highly porous and showed a relatively fragile structure. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attached to PLA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a, and their metabolic activity increased during culturing. In addition, MSCs displayed spread morphology on the PLA scaffolds processed with Freon R134a, with a well-organized actin cytoskeleton and a dense matrix of fibronectin fibrils. Functionalization of Freon R134a-processed PLA scaffolds with protein nanoparticles, used as bioactive factors, enhanced the scaffolds' cytocompatibility. These findings indicate that gas foaming using compressed Freon R134a could represent a cost-effective and environmentally friendly fabrication technology to produce polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering approaches.
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42
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Nourbakhsh F, Lotfalizadeh M, Badpeyma M, Shakeri A, Soheili V. From plants to antimicrobials: Natural products against bacterial membranes. Phytother Res 2021; 36:33-52. [PMID: 34532918 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial membrane barrier provides a cytoplasmic environment for organelles of bacteria. The membrane is composed of lipid compounds containing phosphatide protein and a minimal amount of sugars, and is responsible for intercellular transfers of chemicals. Several antimicrobials have been found that affect bacterial cytoplasmic membranes. These compounds generally disrupt the organization of the membrane or perforate it. By destroying the membrane, the drugs can permeate and replace the effective macromolecules necessary for cell life. Furthermore, they can disrupt electrical gradients of the cells through impairment of the membrane integrity. In recent years, considering the spread of microbial resistance and the side effects of antibiotics, natural antimicrobial compounds have been studied by researchers extensively. These molecules are the best alternative for controlling bacterial infections and reducing drug resistance due to the lack of severe side effects, low cost of production, and biocompatibility. Better understanding of the natural compounds' mechanisms against bacteria provides improved strategies for antimicrobial therapies. In this review, natural products with antibacterial activities focusing on membrane damaging mechanisms were described. However, further high-quality research studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of these natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Nourbakhsh
- Medical Toxicology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Lotfalizadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Badpeyma
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shakeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Soheili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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43
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Gil-Garcia M, Ventura S. Coiled-Coil Based Inclusion Bodies and Their Potential Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:734068. [PMID: 34485264 PMCID: PMC8415879 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.734068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of recombinant proteins using microbial cell factories is frequently associated with the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs). These proteinaceous entities can be sometimes a reservoir of stable and active protein, might display good biocompatibility, and are produced efficiently and cost-effectively. Thus, these submicrometric particles are increasingly exploited as functional biomaterials for biotechnological and biomedical purposes. The fusion of aggregation-prone sequences to the target protein is a successful strategy to sequester soluble recombinant polypeptides into IBs. Traditionally, the use of these IB-tags results in the formation of amyloid-like scaffolds where the protein of interest is trapped. This amyloid conformation might compromise the protein's activity and be potentially cytotoxic. One promising alternative to overcome these limitations exploits the coiled-coil fold, composed of two or more α-helices and widely used by nature to create supramolecular assemblies. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art of functional IBs technology, focusing on the coiled-coil-assembly strategy, describing its advantages and applications, delving into future developments and necessary improvements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gil-Garcia
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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44
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Gil-Garcia M, Ventura S. Multifunctional antibody-conjugated coiled-coil protein nanoparticles for selective cell targeting. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:472-482. [PMID: 34192568 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructures decorated with antibodies (Abs) are applied in bioimaging and therapeutics. However, most covalent conjugation strategies affect Abs functionality. In this study, we aimed to create protein-based nanoparticles to which intact Abs can be attached through tight, specific, and noncovalent interactions. Initially considered waste products, bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) have been used in biotechnology and biomedicine. However, the amyloid-like nature of IBs limits their functionality and raises safety concerns. To bypass these obstacles, we have recently developed highly functional α-helix-rich IBs exploiting the natural self-assembly capacity of coiled-coil domains. We used this approach to create spherical, submicrometric, biocompatible and fluorescent protein nanoparticles capable of capturing Abs with high affinity. We showed that these IBs can be exploited for Ab-directed cell targeting. Simultaneous decoration of the nanoparticles with two different Abs in a controllable ratio enabled the construction of a bispecific antibody mimic that redirected T lymphocytes specifically to cancer cells. Overall, we describe an easy and cost-effective strategy to produce multivalent, traceable protein nanostructures with the potential to be used for biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Functional inclusion bodies (IBs) are promising platforms for biomedical and biotechnological applications. These nanoparticles are usually sustained by amyloid-like interactions, which imposes some limitations on their use. In this work, we exploit the natural coiled-coil self-assembly properties to create highly functional, nonamyloid, and fluorescent IBs capable of capturing antibodies. These protein-based nanoparticles are successfully used to specifically and simultaneously target two unrelated cell types and bring them close together, becoming a technology with potential application in bioimaging and immunotherapy.
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45
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Steiner UK. Senescence in Bacteria and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668915. [PMID: 34222238 PMCID: PMC8249858 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have been thought to flee senescence by dividing into two identical daughter cells, but this notion of immortality has changed over the last two decades. Asymmetry between the resulting daughter cells after binary fission is revealed in physiological function, cell growth, and survival probabilities and is expected from theoretical understanding. Since the discovery of senescence in morphologically identical but physiologically asymmetric dividing bacteria, the mechanisms of bacteria aging have been explored across levels of biological organization. Quantitative investigations are heavily biased toward Escherichia coli and on the role of inclusion bodies—clusters of misfolded proteins. Despite intensive efforts to date, it is not evident if and how inclusion bodies, a phenotype linked to the loss of proteostasis and one of the consequences of a chain of reactions triggered by reactive oxygen species, contribute to senescence in bacteria. Recent findings in bacteria question that inclusion bodies are only deleterious, illustrated by fitness advantages of cells holding inclusion bodies under varying environmental conditions. The contributions of other hallmarks of aging, identified for metazoans, remain elusive. For instance, genomic instability appears to be age independent, epigenetic alterations might be little age specific, and other hallmarks do not play a major role in bacteria systems. What is surprising is that, on the one hand, classical senescence patterns, such as an early exponential increase in mortality followed by late age mortality plateaus, are found, but, on the other hand, identifying mechanisms that link to these patterns is challenging. Senescence patterns are sensitive to environmental conditions and to genetic background, even within species, which suggests diverse evolutionary selective forces on senescence that go beyond generalized expectations of classical evolutionary theories of aging. Given the molecular tool kits available in bacteria, the high control of experimental conditions, the high-throughput data collection using microfluidic systems, and the ease of life cell imaging of fluorescently marked transcription, translation, and proteomic dynamics, in combination with the simple demographics of growth, division, and mortality of bacteria, make the challenges surprising. The diversity of mechanisms and patterns revealed and their environmental dependencies not only present challenges but also open exciting opportunities for the discovery and deeper understanding of aging and its mechanisms, maybe beyond bacteria and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Karl Steiner
- Evolutionary Demography Group, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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46
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Restrepo-Pineda S, Pérez NO, Valdez-Cruz NA, Trujillo-Roldán MA. Thermoinducible expression system for producing recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli: advances and insights. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6223457. [PMID: 33844837 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein (RP) production from Escherichia coli has been extensively studied to find strategies for increasing product yields. The thermoinducible expression system is commonly employed at the industrial level to produce various RPs which avoids the addition of chemical inducers, thus minimizing contamination risks. Multiple aspects of the molecular origin and biotechnological uses of its regulatory elements (pL/pR promoters and cI857 thermolabile repressor) derived from bacteriophage λ provide knowledge to improve the bioprocesses using this system. Here, we discuss the main aspects of the potential use of the λpL/pR-cI857 thermoinducible system for RP production in E. coli, focusing on the approaches of investigations that have contributed to the advancement of this expression system. Metabolic and physiological changes that occur in the host cells caused by heat stress and by RP overproduction are also described. Therefore, the current scenario and the future applications of systems that use heat to induce RP production is discussed to understand the relationship between the activation of the bacterial heat shock response, RP accumulation, and its possible aggregation to form inclusion bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Restrepo-Pineda
- Unidad de Bioprocesos, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Néstor O Pérez
- Probiomed S.A. de C.V. Planta Tenancingo, Cruce de Carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacan SN, 52400 Tenancingo, Estado de México, México
| | - Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Unidad de Bioprocesos, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mauricio A Trujillo-Roldán
- Unidad de Bioprocesos, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
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47
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Selecting Subpopulations of High-Quality Protein Conformers among Conformational Mixtures of Recombinant Bovine MMP-9 Solubilized from Inclusion Bodies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063020. [PMID: 33809594 PMCID: PMC8001920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed workflow to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of mammalian matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) protein species obtained from protein aggregates (inclusion bodies-IBs) was followed. MMP-9 was recombinantly produced in the prokaryotic microbial cell factories Clearcoli (an engineered form of Escherichia coli) and Lactococcus lactis, mainly forming part of IBs and partially recovered under non-denaturing conditions. After the purification by affinity chromatography of solubilized MMP-9, four protein peaks were obtained. However, so far, the different conformational protein species forming part of IBs have not been isolated and characterized. Therefore, with the aim to link the physicochemical characteristics of the isolated peaks with their biological activity, we set up a methodological approach that included dynamic light scattering (DLS), circular dichroism (CD), and spectrofluorometric analysis confirming the separation of subpopulations of conformers with specific characteristics. In protein purification procedures, the detailed analysis of the individual physicochemical properties and the biological activity of protein peaks separated by chromatographic techniques is a reliable source of information to select the best-fitted protein populations.
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48
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Bhatwa A, Wang W, Hassan YI, Abraham N, Li XZ, Zhou T. Challenges Associated With the Formation of Recombinant Protein Inclusion Bodies in Escherichia coli and Strategies to Address Them for Industrial Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:630551. [PMID: 33644021 PMCID: PMC7902521 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.630551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are becoming increasingly important for industrial applications, where Escherichia coli is the most widely used bacterial host for their production. However, the formation of inclusion bodies is a frequently encountered challenge for producing soluble and functional recombinant proteins. To overcome this hurdle, different strategies have been developed through adjusting growth conditions, engineering host strains of E. coli, altering expression vectors, and modifying the proteins of interest. These approaches will be comprehensively highlighted with some of the new developments in this review. Additionally, the unique features of protein inclusion bodies, the mechanism and influencing factors of their formation, and their potential advantages will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshpreet Bhatwa
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Weijun Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Yousef I. Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nadine Abraham
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
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49
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Skretas G, Ventura S. Editorial: Protein Aggregation and Solubility in Microorganisms (Archaea, Bacteria and Unicellular Eukaryotes): Implications and Applications. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:620239. [PMID: 33329506 PMCID: PMC7734127 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.620239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Skretas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Recombinant Enterovirus 71 Viral Protein 1 Fused to a Truncated Newcastle Disease Virus NP (NPt) Carrier Protein. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040742. [PMID: 33297428 PMCID: PMC7762238 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major causative agent in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and it mainly infects children worldwide. Despite the risk, there is no effective vaccine available for this disease. Hence, a recombinant protein construct of truncated nucleocapsid protein viral protein 1 (NPt-VP1198–297), which is capable of inducing neutralizing antibody against EV71, was evaluated in a mouse model. Truncated nucleocapsid protein Newcastle disease virus that was used as immunological carrier fused to VP1 of EV71 as antigen. The recombinant plasmid carrying corresponding genes was constructed by recombinant DNA technology and the corresponding protein was produced in Escherichia coli expression system. The recombinant NPt-VP1198–297 protein had elicited neutralizing antibodies against EV71 with the titer of 1:16, and this result is higher than the titer that is elicited by VP1 protein alone (1:8). It was shown that NPt containing immunogenic epitope(s) of VP1 was capable of inducing a greater functional immune response when compared to full-length VP1 protein alone. It was capable to carry larger polypeptide compared to full-length NP protein. The current study also proved that NPt-VP1198–297 protein can be abundantly produced in recombinant protein form by E. coli expression system. The findings from this study support the importance of neutralizing antibodies in EV71 infection and highlight the potential of the recombinant NPt-VP1198–297 protein as EV71 vaccine.
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