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Kumar J, Saini DK, Kumar A, Kumari S, Gahlaut V, Rahim MS, Pandey AK, Garg M, Roy J. Biofortification of Triticum species: a stepping stone to combat malnutrition. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:668. [PMID: 39004715 PMCID: PMC11247745 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofortification represents a promising and sustainable strategy for mitigating global nutrient deficiencies. However, its successful implementation poses significant challenges. Among staple crops, wheat emerges as a prime candidate to address these nutritional gaps. Wheat biofortification offers a robust approach to enhance wheat cultivars by elevating the micronutrient levels in grains, addressing one of the most crucial global concerns in the present era. MAIN TEXT Biofortification is a promising, but complex avenue, with numerous limitations and challenges to face. Notably, micronutrients such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and copper (Cu) can significantly impact human health. Improving Fe, Zn, Se, and Cu contents in wheat could be therefore relevant to combat malnutrition. In this review, particular emphasis has been placed on understanding the extent of genetic variability of micronutrients in diverse Triticum species, along with their associated mechanisms of uptake, translocation, accumulation and different classical to advanced approaches for wheat biofortification. CONCLUSIONS By delving into micronutrient variability in Triticum species and their associated mechanisms, this review underscores the potential for targeted wheat biofortification. By integrating various approaches, from conventional breeding to modern biotechnological interventions, the path is paved towards enhancing the nutritional value of this vital crop, promising a brighter and healthier future for global food security and human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Supriya Kumari
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Department of Biotechnology, University Center for Research and Development Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Mohammed Saba Rahim
- CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Joy Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Kartseva T, Aleksandrov V, Alqudah AM, Arif MAR, Kocheva K, Doneva D, Prokopova K, Börner A, Misheva S. GWAS in a Collection of Bulgarian Old and Modern Bread Wheat Accessions Uncovers Novel Genomic Loci for Grain Protein Content and Thousand Kernel Weight. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1084. [PMID: 38674493 PMCID: PMC11054703 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Genetic enhancement of grain production and quality is a priority in wheat breeding projects. In this study, we assessed two key agronomic traits-grain protein content (GPC) and thousand kernel weight (TKW)-across 179 Bulgarian contemporary and historic varieties and landraces across three growing seasons. Significant phenotypic variation existed for both traits among genotypes and seasons, and no discernible difference was evident between the old and modern accessions. To understand the genetic basis of the traits, we conducted a genome-wide association study with MLM using phenotypic data from the crop seasons, best linear unbiased estimators, and genotypic data from the 25K Infinium iSelect array. As a result, we detected 16 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with GPC and 15 associated with TKW, all of which passed the false discovery rate threshold. Seven loci favorably influenced GPC, resulting in an increase of 1.4% to 8.1%, while four loci had a positive impact on TKW with increases ranging from 1.9% to 8.4%. While some loci confirmed previously published associations, four QTNs linked to GPC on chromosomes 2A, 7A, and 7B, as well as two QTNs related to TKW on chromosomes 1B and 6A, may represent novel associations. Annotations for proteins involved in the senescence-associated nutrient remobilization and in the following buildup of resources required for seed germination have been found for selected putative candidate genes. These include genes coding for storage proteins, cysteine proteases, cellulose-synthase, alpha-amylase, transcriptional regulators, and F-box and RWP-RK family proteins. Our findings highlight promising genomic regions for targeted breeding programs aimed at improving grain yield and protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Kartseva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Vladimir Aleksandrov
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Ahmad M. Alqudah
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Art and Science, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Mian Abdur Rehman Arif
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Konstantina Kocheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Dilyana Doneva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Katelina Prokopova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK Gatersleben), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany;
| | - Svetlana Misheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.)
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Barratt LJ, Franco Ortega S, Harper AL. Identification of candidate regulators of the response to early heat stress in climate-adapted wheat landraces via transcriptomic and co-expression network analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1252885. [PMID: 38235195 PMCID: PMC10791870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1252885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Climate change is likely to lead to not only increased global temperatures but also a more variable climate where unseasonal periods of heat stress are more prevalent. This has been evidenced by the observation of spring-time temperatures approaching 40°C in some of the main spring-wheat producing countries, such as the USA, in recent years. With an optimum growth temperature of around 20°C, wheat is particularly prone to damage by heat stress. A warming climate with increasingly common fluctuations in temperature therefore threatens wheat crops and subsequently the lives and livelihoods of billions of people who depend on the crop for food. To futureproof wheat against a variable climate, a better understanding of the response to early heat stress is required. Methods Here, we utilised DESeq2 to identify 7,827 genes which were differentially expressed in wheat landraces after early heat stress exposure. Candidate hub genes, which may regulate the transcriptional response to early heat stress, were identified via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and validated by qRT-PCR. Results Two of the most promising candidate hub genes (TraesCS3B02G409300 and TraesCS1B02G384900) may downregulate the expression of genes involved in the drought, salinity, and cold responses-genes which are unlikely to be required under heat stress-as well as photosynthesis genes and stress hormone signalling repressors, respectively. We also suggest a role for a poorly characterised sHSP hub gene (TraesCS4D02G212300), as an activator of the heat stress response, potentially inducing the expression of a vast suite of heat shock proteins and transcription factors known to play key roles in the heat stress response. Discussion The present work represents an exploratory examination of the heat-induced transcriptional change in wheat landrace seedlings and identifies several candidate hub genes which may act as regulators of this response and, thus, may be targets for breeders in the production of thermotolerant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea L. Harper
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Abbai R, Golan G, Longin CFH, Schnurbusch T. Grain yield trade-offs in spike-branching wheat can be mitigated by elite alleles affecting sink capacity and post-anthesis source activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:88-102. [PMID: 37739800 PMCID: PMC10735541 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Introducing variations in inflorescence architecture, such as the 'Miracle-Wheat' (Triticum turgidum convar. compositum (L.f.) Filat.) with a branching spike, has relevance for enhancing wheat grain yield. However, in the spike-branching genotypes, the increase in spikelet number is generally not translated into grain yield advantage because of reduced grains per spikelet and grain weight. Here, we investigated if such trade-offs might be a function of source-sink strength by using 385 recombinant inbred lines developed by intercrossing the spike-branching landrace TRI 984 and CIRNO C2008, an elite durum (T. durum L.) cultivar; they were genotyped using the 25K array. Various plant and spike architectural traits, including flag leaf, peduncle, and spike senescence rate, were phenotyped under field conditions for 2 consecutive years. On chromosome 5AL, we found a new modifier QTL for spike branching, branched headt3 (bht-A3), which was epistatic to the previously known bht-A1 locus. Besides, bht-A3 was associated with more grains per spikelet and a delay in flag leaf senescence rate. Importantly, favourable alleles, viz. bht-A3 and grain protein content (gpc-B1) that delayed senescence, are required to improve grain number and grain weight in the spike-branching genotypes. In summary, achieving a balanced source-sink relationship might minimize grain yield trade-offs in Miracle-Wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragavendran Abbai
- Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Guy Golan
- Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - C Friedrich H Longin
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Tan S, Sha Y, Sun L, Li Z. Abiotic Stress-Induced Leaf Senescence: Regulatory Mechanisms and Application. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11996. [PMID: 37569371 PMCID: PMC10418887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a natural phenomenon that occurs during the aging process of plants and is influenced by various internal and external factors. These factors encompass plant hormones, as well as environmental pressures such as inadequate nutrients, drought, darkness, high salinity, and extreme temperatures. Abiotic stresses accelerate leaf senescence, resulting in reduced photosynthetic efficiency, yield, and quality. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf senescence in response to abiotic stresses is imperative to enhance the resilience and productivity of crops in unfavorable environments. In recent years, substantial advancements have been made in the study of leaf senescence, particularly regarding the identification of pivotal genes and transcription factors involved in this process. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including the necessity for further exploration of the intricate regulatory network governing leaf senescence and the development of effective strategies for manipulating genes in crops. This manuscript provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms that trigger leaf senescence under abiotic stresses, along with strategies to enhance stress tolerance and improve crop yield and quality by delaying leaf senescence. Furthermore, this review also highlighted the challenges associated with leaf senescence research and proposes potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Barratt LJ, Reynolds IJ, Franco Ortega S, Harper AL. Transcriptomic and co-expression network analyses on diverse wheat landraces identifies candidate master regulators of the response to early drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1212559. [PMID: 37426985 PMCID: PMC10326901 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1212559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Over four billion people around the world rely on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as a major constituent of their diet. The changing climate, however, threatens the food security of these people, with periods of intense drought stress already causing widespread wheat yield losses. Much of the research into the wheat drought response has centred on the response to drought events later in development, during anthesis or grain filling. But as the timing of periods of drought stress become increasingly unpredictable, a more complete understanding of the response to drought during early development is also needed. Methods Here, we utilized the YoGI landrace panel to identify 10,199 genes which were differentially expressed under early drought stress, before weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct a co-expression network and identify hub genes in modules particularly associated with the early drought response. Results Of these hub genes, two stood out as novel candidate master regulators of the early drought response - one as an activator (TaDHN4-D1; TraesCS5D02G379200) and the other as a repressor (uncharacterised gene; TraesCS3D02G361500). Discussion As well as appearing to coordinate the transcriptional early drought response, we propose that these hub genes may be able to regulate the physiological early drought response due to potential control over the expression of members of gene families well-known for their involvement in the drought response in many plant species, namely dehydrins and aquaporins, as well as other genes seemingly involved in key processes such as, stomatal opening, stomatal closing, stomatal morphogenesis and stress hormone signalling.
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Guo Y, Wang G, Guo X, Chi S, Yu H, Jin K, Huang H, Wang D, Wu C, Tian J, Chen J, Bao Y, Zhang W, Deng Z. Genetic dissection of protein and starch during wheat grain development using QTL mapping and GWAS. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1189887. [PMID: 37377808 PMCID: PMC10291175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1189887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein, starch, and their components are important for wheat grain yield and end-products, which are affected by wheat grain development. Therefore, QTL mapping and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of grain protein content (GPC), glutenin macropolymer content (GMP), amylopectin content (GApC), and amylose content (GAsC) were performed on wheat grain development at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after anthesis (DAA) in two environments using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 256 stable lines and a panel of 205 wheat accessions. A total of 29 unconditional QTLs, 13 conditional QTLs, 99 unconditional marker-trait associations (MTAs), and 14 conditional MTAs significantly associated (p < 10-4) with four quality traits were found to be distributed on 15 chromosomes, with the phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranging from 5.35% to 39.86%. Among these genomic variations, three major QTLs [QGPC3B, QGPC2A, and QGPC(S3|S2)3B] and SNP clusters on the 3A and 6B chromosomes were detected for GPC, and the SNP TA005876-0602 was stably expressed during the three periods in the natural population. The QGMP3B locus was detected five times in three developmental stages in two environments with 5.89%-33.62% PVE, and SNP clusters for GMP content were found on the 3A and 3B chromosomes. For GApC, the QGApC3B.1 locus had the highest PVE of 25.69%, and SNP clusters were found on chromosomes 4A, 4B, 5B, 6B, and 7B. Four major QTLs of GAsC were detected at 21 and 28 DAA. Most interestingly, both QTL mapping and GWAS analysis indicated that four chromosomes (3B, 4A, 6B, and 7A) were mainly involved in the development of protein, GMP, amylopectin, and amylose synthesis. Of these, the wPt-5870-wPt-3620 marker interval on chromosome 3B seemed to be most important because it played an important role in the synthesis of GMP and amylopectin before 7 DAA, in the synthesis of protein and GMP from 14 to 21 DAA, and in the development of GApC and GAsC from 21 to 28 DAA. Using the annotation information of IWGSC Chinese Spring RefSeq v1.1 genome assembly, we predicted 28 and 69 candidate genes for major loci from QTL mapping and GWAS, respectively. Most of them have multiple effects on protein and starch synthesis during grain development. These results provide new insights and information for the potential regulatory network between grain protein and starch synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guanying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Taiyuan Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Songqi Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Kaituo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Heting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Dehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Chongning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Jichun Tian
- R&D Department, Shandong Huatian Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Feicheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jiansheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yinguang Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding, Group of Wheat Quality and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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Juenger TE, Sweigart AL, Yu J, Birchler J. Highlighting plant science with a GENETICS and G3 series on Plant Genetics and Genomics. Genetics 2023; 223:7033224. [PMID: 36757897 PMCID: PMC9910392 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrea L Sweigart
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, 120 E. Green Street, Athens, GA 30602-7223, USA
| | - Jianming Yu
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 2401 Agronomy Hall, 716 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011-1051, USA
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Juenger TE, Sweigart AL, Yu J, Birchler J. Highlighting plant science with a GENETICS and G3 series on Plant Genetics and Genomics. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad010. [PMID: 36758216 PMCID: PMC9911076 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrea L Sweigart
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, 120 E. Green Street, Athens, GA 30602-7223, USA
| | - Jianming Yu
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, 2401 Agronomy Hall, 716 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011-1051, USA
| | - James Birchler
- Biological Sciences, University of Missouri at Columbia, 105 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211-7400, USA
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