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Davern M, Donlon NE, Power R, Hayes C, King R, Dunne MR, Reynolds JV. The tumour immune microenvironment in oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:479-494. [PMID: 33903730 PMCID: PMC8368180 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer (OC) is an inflammation-associated malignancy linked to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, obesity and tobacco use. Knowledge of the microenvironment of oesophageal tumours is relevant to our understanding of the development of OC and its biology, and has major implications for understanding the response to standard therapies and immunotherapies, as well as for uncovering novel targets. In this context, we discuss what is known about the TME in OC from tumour initiation to development and progression, and how this is relevant to therapy sensitivity and resistance in the two major types of OC. We provide an immunological characterisation of the OC TME and discuss its prognostic implications with specific comparison with the Immunoscore and immune-hot, -cold, altered-immunosuppressed and -altered-excluded models. Targeted therapeutics for the TME under pre-clinical and clinical investigation in OCs are also summarised. A deeper understanding of the TME will enable the development of combination approaches to concurrently target the tumour cells and TME delivering precision medicine to OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Davern
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Power
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conall Hayes
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross King
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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2
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Reizine N, Peterson B, Moya S, Wang Y, Tan YHCYH, Eng OS, Bilimoria M, Lengyel E, Turaga K, Catenacci DVT. Complete Response in a Patient With Chemorefractory EGFR-Amplified, PD-L1-Positive Metastatic Gastric Cancer Treated By Dual Anti-EGFR and Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:2000239. [PMID: 33215053 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Wang
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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3
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Mourikis TP, Benedetti L, Foxall E, Temelkovski D, Nulsen J, Perner J, Cereda M, Lagergren J, Howell M, Yau C, Fitzgerald RC, Scaffidi P, Ciccarelli FD. Patient-specific cancer genes contribute to recurrently perturbed pathways and establish therapeutic vulnerabilities in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3101. [PMID: 31308377 PMCID: PMC6629660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of cancer-promoting genetic alterations is challenging particularly in highly unstable and heterogeneous cancers, such as esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Here we describe a machine learning algorithm to identify cancer genes in individual patients considering all types of damaging alterations simultaneously. Analysing 261 EACs from the OCCAMS Consortium, we discover helper genes that, alongside well-known drivers, promote cancer. We confirm the robustness of our approach in 107 additional EACs. Unlike recurrent alterations of known drivers, these cancer helper genes are rare or patient-specific. However, they converge towards perturbations of well-known cancer processes. Recurrence of the same process perturbations, rather than individual genes, divides EACs into six clusters differing in their molecular and clinical features. Experimentally mimicking the alterations of predicted helper genes in cancer and pre-cancer cells validates their contribution to disease progression, while reverting their alterations reveals EAC acquired dependencies that can be exploited in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanos P Mourikis
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE11UL, UK
| | - Lorena Benedetti
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE11UL, UK
| | - Elizabeth Foxall
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE11UL, UK
| | - Damjan Temelkovski
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE11UL, UK
| | - Joel Nulsen
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE11UL, UK
| | - Juliane Perner
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXZ, UK
| | - Matteo Cereda
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE11UL, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXZ, UK
| | - Paola Scaffidi
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Francesca D Ciccarelli
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE11UL, UK.
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4
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Quintero Aldana G, Salgado M, Candamio S, Méndez JC, Jorge M, Reboredo M, Vázquez Tuñas L, Romero C, Covela M, Fernández Montes A, Carmona M, Vidal Insua Y, López R. First-line panitumumab plus docetaxel and cisplatin in advanced gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: results of a phase II trial. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:495-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Siddique AB, Ebrahim HY, Akl MR, Ayoub NM, Goda AA, Mohyeldin MM, Nagumalli SK, Hananeh WM, Liu YY, Meyer SA, El Sayed KA. (-)-Oleocanthal Combined with Lapatinib Treatment Synergized against HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020412. [PMID: 30781364 PMCID: PMC6412724 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) family is a hallmark of aggressive breast cancer. Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among the most effective cancer targeted treatments. (−)-Oleocanthal (OC) is a naturally occurring phenolic secoiridoid lead from extra-virgin olive oil with documented anti-cancer activities via targeting mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met). Dysregulation of c-Met promotes aggressiveness to breast cancer-targeted therapies. Lapatinib (LP) is an FDA-approved dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitor for HER2-amplified breast cancer. HER2-Positive tumor cells can escape targeted therapies like LP effects by overexpressing c-Met. Combined OC-LP treatment is hypothesized to be mechanistically synergistic against HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Combined sub-effective treatments of OC-LP resulted in synergistic anti-proliferative effects against the HER2-positive BT-474 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell lines, compared to OC or LP monotherapy. Antibody array and Western blot analysis showed that combined OC-LP treatment significantly inhibited EGFR, HER2, and c-Met receptor activation, as well as multiple downstream signaling proteins, compared to individual OC or LP treatment. OC-LP Combination significantly inhibited invasion and migration of breast cancer cells through reduced activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin. Combined treatment of OC-10 mg/kg with LP-12.5 mg/kg suppressed more than 90% of BT-474 tumor cells growth in a nude mouse xenograft model, compared to individual OC or LP treatment. Activated c-Met, EGFR, HER2, and protein kinase B (AKT) were significantly suppressed in combination-treated mice tumors, compared to OC or LP monotherapy. This study reveals the OC future potential as combination therapy to sensitize HER2-overexpressing breast cancers and significantly reduce required doses of targeted HER family therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Bakar Siddique
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Hassan Y Ebrahim
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Mohamed R Akl
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Nehad M Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Amira A Goda
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Mohamed M Mohyeldin
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Suresh K Nagumalli
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Wael M Hananeh
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Yong-Yu Liu
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Sharon A Meyer
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Khalid A El Sayed
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
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6
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Li X, Francies HE, Secrier M, Perner J, Miremadi A, Galeano-Dalmau N, Barendt WJ, Letchford L, Leyden GM, Goffin EK, Barthorpe A, Lightfoot H, Chen E, Gilbert J, Noorani A, Devonshire G, Bower L, Grantham A, MacRae S, Grehan N, Wedge DC, Fitzgerald RC, Garnett MJ. Organoid cultures recapitulate esophageal adenocarcinoma heterogeneity providing a model for clonality studies and precision therapeutics. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2983. [PMID: 30061675 PMCID: PMC6065407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) incidence is increasing while 5-year survival rates remain less than 15%. A lack of experimental models has hampered progress. We have generated clinically annotated EAC organoid cultures that recapitulate the morphology, genomic, and transcriptomic landscape of the primary tumor including point mutations, copy number alterations, and mutational signatures. Karyotyping of organoid cultures has confirmed polyclonality reflecting the clonal architecture of the primary tumor. Furthermore, subclones underwent clonal selection associated with driver gene status. Medium throughput drug sensitivity testing demonstrates the potential of targeting receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream mediators. EAC organoid cultures provide a pre-clinical tool for studies of clonal evolution and precision therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodun Li
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | | | - Maria Secrier
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Oncology IMED, AstraZeneca, Chesterford, Cambridge, CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Juliane Perner
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ahmad Miremadi
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Emma K Goffin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | | | - Elisabeth Chen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - James Gilbert
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ayesha Noorani
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | | | - Lawrence Bower
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Amber Grantham
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Shona MacRae
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Nicola Grehan
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David C Wedge
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX4 2PG, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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7
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Abdo J, Bertellotti CA, Cornell DL, Agrawal DK, Mittal SK. Neoadjuvant Therapy for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in the Community Setting-Practice and Outcomes. Front Oncol 2017; 7:151. [PMID: 28770168 PMCID: PMC5513914 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an alarming rise in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma which continues to have poor survival rates primarily due to lack of effective chemotherapy and presentation at advanced stages. Over a dozen chemotherapeutic agents are FDA approved for esophageal cancer (EC), and a two or three-drug combination is typically prescribed as first-line therapy for the majority of EC patients, administered either pre or post-operatively with esophageal resection. We have noticed significant variability in adjuvant and neoadjuvant regimens used in the community setting. The aim of this study was to review the various drug regimens used in the neoadjuvant setting for EC patients with adenocarcinoma undergoing resection at a single tertiary referral center in the Midwest. A total of 123 patients (stage II–III) underwent esophageal resection after neoadjuvant treatment at the center. Overall, 18 distinct drug regimens were used in 123 patients including two patients who received targeted therapy. Median survival post-surgery for this group was 11.2 months with no single regimen offering a survival advantage. These results reveal an unclear algorithm of how accepted regimens are prescribed in the community setting as well as a dire need for agents that are more effective. Additionally, it was noted that although proteomic markers have been found to predict drug response to 92% of the FDA-approved drugs in EC (12 of 13), according to pathology reports, molecular diagnostic testing was not used to direct treatment in this cohort. We therefore propose potential strategies to improve clinical outcomes including the use of a robust molecular oncology diagnostic panel and discuss the potential role for targeted chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy in the management of EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Abdo
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Carrie A Bertellotti
- Department of Surgery, CHI Health Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - David L Cornell
- Department of Surgery, CHI Health Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sumeet K Mittal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States.,Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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8
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Miao Y, Liu R, Pu Y, Yin L. Trends in esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer research from 2007 to 2016: A bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6924. [PMID: 28514311 PMCID: PMC5440148 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the scientific outputs of esophageal and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer and construct a model to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate pertinent publications from the past decade. METHODS Publications from 2007 to 2016 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Microsoft Excel 2016 (Redmond, WA) and the CiteSpace (Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA) software were used to analyze publication outcomes, journals, countries, institutions, authors, research areas, and research frontiers. RESULTS A total of 12,978 publications on esophageal and EGJ cancer were identified published until March 23, 2017. The Journal of Clinical Oncology had the largest number of publications, the USA was the leading country, and the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center was the leading institution. Ajani JA published the most papers, and Jemal A had the highest co-citation counts. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ranked the first in research hotspots, and preoperative chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy ranked the first in research frontiers. CONCLUSION The annual number of publications steadily increased in the past decade. A considerable number of papers were published in journals with high impact factor. Many Chinese institutions engaged in esophageal and EGJ cancer research but significant collaborations among them were not noted. Jemal A, Van Hagen P, Cunningham D, and Enzinger PC were identified as good candidates for research collaboration. Neoadjuvant therapy and genome-wide association study in esophageal and EGJ cancer research should be closely observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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9
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Trovato M, Campennì A, Giovinazzo S, Siracusa M, Ruggeri RM. Hepatocyte Growth Factor/C-Met Axis in Thyroid Cancer: From Diagnostic Biomarker to Therapeutic Target. Biomark Insights 2017; 12:1177271917701126. [PMID: 28469401 PMCID: PMC5391983 DOI: 10.1177/1177271917701126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-met axis plays a crucial role in cancer development by promoting cellular proliferation, motility, and morphogenesis, as well as angiogenesis. Different cellular distributions of both the ligand and the receptor in benign vs malignant lesions indicate this biological system as a candidate for a diagnostic biomarker of malignancy occurring in endocrine glands, such as the thyroid and pituitary. Furthermore, the HGF/c-met expression may help to identify a subset of patients eligible for potential targeted therapies with HGF/c-met inhibitors or antagonists in thyroid tumour, as well as in other malignancies. This may be relevant for iodine-refractory cancers, the treatment of which is still a major challenge. With this in mind, HGF/c-met expression in thyroid cancer tissue may be useful for prognostic and therapeutic stratification of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Trovato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alfredo Campennì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giovinazzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Siracusa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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10
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Anvari K, Pakdel AF, Memar B, Parsamanesh R, Ejlalzadeh SM, Javadinia SA. The prevalence and expression pattern of melanoma-associated antigen 1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a historical cohort study. Electron Physician 2017; 9:3756-3763. [PMID: 28465803 PMCID: PMC5410902 DOI: 10.19082/3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Melanoma-associated antigen 1 (MAGE1) expression in normal tissues is restricted to the testes, whilst being over-expressed in a number of human cancers. This feature of MAGE1 makes it a promising cancer biomarker. This study aimed to determine the expression of MAGE1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its relationship with clinicopathological factors. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted on pretreatment endoscopic tissue specimens of 43 patients with non-metastatic esophageal SCC, admitted to Omid Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, between 2011 and 2013. Out of 127 esophageal SCC patients who had already enrolled in a trial of trimodality therapy, we chose 43 patients whose paraffin blocks of endoscopic samples were accessible, which we then stained for MAGE1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Correlation of MAGE1expression and clinicopathological data (age, sex, stage, grade, and outcome) was assessed using SPSS 16 by T test, chi-square, and Pearson tests (p <0.05 was considered significant). Results MAGE1 was expressed in 46.5% (20 out of 43) of esophageal SCC specimens. The MAGE1 nuclear staining increased significantly by age; its expression for <40, 41–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥70 years old was 0%, 0%, 8.3%, 26.3%, and 100%, respectively (p=0.02; Person’s R value = 0.3 and p=0.04). There was no significant correlation between MAGE1 expression and other clinicopathological parameters. Conclusion MAGE1 antigen has considerable expression in the esophageal SCC among the Iranian population; it can be potentially applied as a cancer biomarker as well as a target for immunotherapy in patients with esophageal SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Anvari
- M.D., Associate Professor, Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Fani Pakdel
- M.D., Assistant Professor, Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahram Memar
- M.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roya Parsamanesh
- M.D., Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Alireza Javadinia
- M.D., Student Research Committee, Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Abdo J, Agrawal DK, Mittal SK. Basis for molecular diagnostics and immunotherapy for esophageal cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 17:33-45. [PMID: 27838937 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2017.1260449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esophageal cancer (EC) is an extremely aggressive neoplasm, diagnosed in about 17,000 Americans every year with a mortality rate of more than 80% within five years and a median overall survival of just 13 months. For decades, the go-to regimen for esophageal cancer patients has been the use of taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy regimens, which has yielded the field's most dire survival statistics. Areas covered: Combination immunotherapy and a more robust molecular diagnostic platform for esophageal tumors could improve patient management strategies and potentially extend lives beyond the current survival figures. Analyzing a panel of biomarkers including those affiliated with taxane and platinum resistance (ERCC1 and TUBB3) as well as immunotherapy effectiveness (PD-L1) would provide oncologists more information on how to optimize first-line therapy for EC. Expert commentary: Of the 12 FDA-approved therapies in EC, zero target the genome. A majority of the approved drugs either target or are effected by proteomic expression. Therefore, a broader understanding of diagnostic biomarkers could give more clarity and direction in treating esophageal cancer in concert with a greater use of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Abdo
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Sumeet K Mittal
- a Department of Clinical and Translational Science , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , NE , USA.,b Department of Surgery , Creighton University School of Medicine (Phoenix campus), Norton Thoracic Institute, Dignity Health , Phoenix , AZ , USA
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12
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Xiong Z, He J, Chen XL. New strategies in esophageal carcinoma: promises and problems. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E1501-E1504. [PMID: 28066643 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.11.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xiong
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Jingxi He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaoxin Luke Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA;; Center for Esophageal Disease and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27519, USA
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13
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Fusco N, Bosari S. HER2 aberrations and heterogeneity in cancers of the digestive system: Implications for pathologists and gastroenterologists. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7926-7937. [PMID: 27672288 PMCID: PMC5028807 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i35.7926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of cancers of the digestive system has progressed rapidly into the molecular era. Despite the significant recent achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, the number of deaths for these tumors has currently plateaued. Many investigations have assessed the role of HER2 in tumors of the digestive system in both prognostic and therapeutic settings, with heterogeneous results. Novel testing and treatment guidelines are emerging, in particular in gastric and colorectal cancers. However, further advances are needed. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-knowledge of HER2 alterations in the most common tumors of the digestive system and discuss the operational implications of HER2 testing.
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Yoon SH, Kim YH, Lee YJ, Park J, Kim JW, Lee HS, Kim B. Tumor Heterogeneity in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer Assessed by CT Texture Analysis: Association with Survival after Trastuzumab Treatment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161278. [PMID: 27517841 PMCID: PMC4982686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Image texture analysis is a noninvasive technique for quantifying intratumoral heterogeneity, with derived texture features reported to be closely related to the treatment outcome of tumors. Gastric cancer is one of the most common tumors and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although trastuzumab is associated with a survival gain among patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced gastric cancer, optimal patient selection is challenging. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CT texture features of HER2-positive gastric cancer were related to the survival rate after trastuzumab treatment. Methods and Findings Patients diagnosed with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer from February 2007 to August 2014 were retrospectively selected. Using in-house built software, histogram features (kurtosis and skewness) and gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) features (angular second moment [ASM], contrast, entropy, variance, and correlation) were derived from the CT images of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer in 26 patients. All the patients were followed up for more than 6 months, with no confirmed deaths. The patients were dichotomized into a good and poor survival group based on cutoff points of overall survival of 12 months. A receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to test the ability of each texture parameter to identify the good survival group. Kaplan–Meier curves for patients above and below each threshold were constructed. Using a threshold of >265.8480 for contrast, >488.3150 for variance, and ≤0.1319×10−3. for correlation, all of the area under the ROC curves showed fair accuracy (>0.7). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed statistically significant survival difference between two groups according to optimal cutoff values of contrast, variance, correlation and ASM. However, as this study had a small number of patients, a further study with a larger population will be needed to validate the results. Conclusions Heterogeneous texture features on CT images were associated with better survival in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer who received trastuzumab-based treatment. Therefore, texture analysis shows potential to be a clinically useful imaging biomarker providing additional prognostic information for patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Jihoon Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Bohyoung Kim
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin-si, Korea
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