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Islam MA, Sehar U, Sultana OF, Mukherjee U, Brownell M, Kshirsagar S, Reddy PH. SuperAgers and centenarians, dynamics of healthy ageing with cognitive resilience. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111936. [PMID: 38657874 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Graceful healthy ageing and extended longevity is the most desired goal for human race. The process of ageing is inevitable and has a profound impact on the gradual deterioration of our physiology and health since it triggers the onset of many chronic conditions like dementia, osteoporosis, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. However, some people who lived/live more than 100 years called 'Centenarians" and how do they achieve their extended lifespans are not completely understood. Studying these unknown factors of longevity is important not only to establish a longer human lifespan but also to manage and treat people with shortened lifespans suffering from age-related morbidities. Furthermore, older adults who maintain strong cognitive function are referred to as "SuperAgers" and may be resistant to risk factors linked to cognitive decline. Investigating the mechanisms underlying their cognitive resilience may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies that support the preservation of cognitive function as people age. The key to a long, physically, and cognitively healthy life has been a mystery to scientists for ages. Developments in the medical sciences helps us to a better understanding of human physiological function and greater access to medical care has led us to an increase in life expectancy. Moreover, inheriting favorable genetic traits and adopting a healthy lifestyle play pivotal roles in promoting longer and healthier lives. Engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, and avoiding harmful habits such as smoking contribute to overall well-being. The synergy between positive lifestyle choices, access to education, socio-economic factors, environmental determinants and genetic supremacy enhances the potential for a longer and healthier life. Our article aims to examine the factors associated with healthy ageing, particularly focusing on cognitive health in centenarians. We will also be discussing different aspects of ageing including genomic instability, metabolic burden, oxidative stress and inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, immunosenescence, and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Omme Fatema Sultana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Malcolm Brownell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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Jabalameli M, Lin JR, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Mitra J, Nguyen N, Gao T, Khusidman M, Atzmon G, Milman S, Vijg J, Barzilai N, Zhang ZD. Polygenic prediction of human longevity on the supposition of pervasive pleiotropy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.10.23299795. [PMID: 38168353 PMCID: PMC10760260 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.10.23299795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The highly polygenic nature of human longevity renders cross-trait pleiotropy an indispensable feature of its genetic architecture. Leveraging the genetic correlation between the aging-related traits (ARTs), we sought to model the additive variance in lifespan as a function of cumulative liability from pleiotropic segregating variants. We tracked allele frequency changes as a function of viability across different age bins and prioritized 34 variants with an immediate implication on lipid metabolism, body mass index (BMI), and cognitive performance, among other traits, revealed by PheWAS analysis in the UK Biobank. Given the highly complex and non-linear interactions between the genetic determinants of longevity, we reasoned that a composite polygenic score would approximate a substantial portion of the variance in lifespan and developed the integrated longevity genetic scores (iLGSs) for distinguishing exceptional survival. We showed that coefficients derived from our ensemble model could potentially reveal an interesting pattern of genomic pleiotropy specific to lifespan. We assessed the predictive performance of our model for distinguishing the enrichment of exceptional longevity among long-lived individuals in two replication cohorts and showed that the median lifespan in the highest decile of our composite prognostic index is up to 4.8 years longer. Finally, using the proteomic correlates of i L G S , we identified protein markers associated with exceptional longevity irrespective of chronological age and prioritized drugs with repurposing potentials for gerotherapeutics. Together, our approach demonstrates a promising framework for polygenic modeling of additive liability conferred by ARTs in defining exceptional longevity and assisting the identification of individuals at higher risk of mortality for targeted lifestyle modifications earlier in life. Furthermore, the proteomic signature associated with i L G S highlights the functional pathway upstream of the PI3K-Akt that can be effectively targeted to slow down aging and extend lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.Reza Jabalameli
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jhih-Rong Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joydeep Mitra
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nha Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tina Gao
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Khusidman
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhengdong D. Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Galvin A, Feitosa M, Arbeev K, Kuipers AL, Wojczynski M, Ukrainsteva S, Christensen K. Physical resilience after a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease among offspring of long-lived siblings. Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:437-445. [PMID: 36052181 PMCID: PMC9424427 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Health benefits of longevity-enriched families transmit across generations and a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been shown to contribute to this phenomenon. In the current study, we investigated whether the offspring of long-lived siblings also have better survival after a CVD diagnosis compared to matched controls, i.e., are they both robust and resilient? Offspring of long-lived siblings were identified from three nationwide Danish studies and linked to national registers. Offspring with first diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, chronic ischemic heart disease, heart failure or cerebrovascular disease between 1996 and 2011 were included and matched with two controls from the Danish population on sex, year of birth and diagnosis, and type of CVD. Stratified Cox proportional-hazards models on the matching data were performed to study 10-year overall survival. A total of 402 offspring and 804 controls were included: 64.2% male with a median age at diagnosis of 63.0. For offspring and controls, overall survival was 73% and 65% at 10 years from diagnosis, respectively. Offspring of long-lived siblings had a significantly better survival than controls, and this association was slightly attenuated after controlling for marital status, medication and Charlson Comorbidity Index score simultaneously. This study suggested that offspring of long-lived siblings not only show lower CVD incidence but also a better survival following CVD diagnosis compared to matched population controls. The higher biological resilience appears to be a universal hallmark of longevity-enriched families, which makes them uniquely positioned for studying healthy aging and longevity mechanisms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-021-00641-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéline Galvin
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9, 5 000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mary Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Allison L. Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Mary Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Svetlana Ukrainsteva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9, 5 000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Gavrilova NS, Gavrilov LA. Protective Effects of Familial Longevity Decrease With Age and Become Negligible for Centenarians. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:736-743. [PMID: 34929024 PMCID: PMC8974328 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that biological relatives of long-lived individuals demonstrate lower mortality and longer life span compared to relatives of shorter-lived individuals, and at least part of this advantage is likely to be genetic. Less information, however, is available about effects of familial longevity on age-specific mortality trajectories. We compared mortality patterns after age 50 years for 10 045 siblings of US centenarians and 12 308 siblings of shorter-lived individuals (died at age 65 years). Similar comparisons were made for sons and daughters of longer-lived parents (both parents lived 80 years and more) and shorter-lived parents (both parents lived less than 80 years) within each group of siblings. Although relatives of longer-lived individuals have lower mortality at younger ages compared to relatives of shorter-lived individuals, this mortality advantage practically disappears by age 100 years. To validate this observation further, we analyzed the survival of 3 408 US centenarians born in 1890-1897 with known information on maternal and paternal life span. We found using the Cox proportional hazards model that both maternal and paternal longevity (life span 80+ years) is not significantly associated with survival after age 100 years. The results are compatible with the predictions of reliability theory of aging suggesting higher initial levels of system redundancy (reserves) in individuals with protective familial/genetic background and hence lower initial mortality. Heterogeneity hypothesis is another possible explanation for the observed phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Gavrilova
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid A Gavrilov
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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5
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van Raalte AA. What have we learned about mortality patterns over the past 25 years? Population Studies 2021; 75:105-132. [PMID: 34902283 DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1967430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, I examine progress in the field of mortality over the past 25 years. I argue that we have been most successful in taking advantage of an increasingly data-rich environment to improve aggregate mortality models and test pre-existing theories. Less progress has been made in relating our estimates of mortality risk at the individual level to broader mortality patterns at the population level while appropriately accounting for contextual differences and compositional change. Overall, I find that the field of mortality continues to be highly visible in demographic journals, including Population Studies. However much of what is published today in field journals could just as easily appear in neighbouring disciplinary journals, as disciplinary boundaries are shrinking.
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Rodríguez-Girondo M, van den Berg N, Hof MH, Beekman M, Slagboom E. Improved selection of participants in genetic longevity studies: family scores revisited. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:7. [PMID: 33407157 PMCID: PMC7789146 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-01193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although human longevity tends to cluster within families, genetic studies on longevity have had limited success in identifying longevity loci. One of the main causes of this limited success is the selection of participants. Studies generally include sporadically long-lived individuals, i.e. individuals with the longevity phenotype but without a genetic predisposition for longevity. The inclusion of these individuals causes phenotype heterogeneity which results in power reduction and bias. A way to avoid sporadically long-lived individuals and reduce sample heterogeneity is to include family history of longevity as selection criterion using a longevity family score. A main challenge when developing family scores are the large differences in family size, because of real differences in sibship sizes or because of missing data. METHODS We discussed the statistical properties of two existing longevity family scores: the Family Longevity Selection Score (FLoSS) and the Longevity Relatives Count (LRC) score and we evaluated their performance dealing with differential family size. We proposed a new longevity family score, the mLRC score, an extension of the LRC based on random effects modeling, which is robust for family size and missing values. The performance of the new mLRC as selection tool was evaluated in an intensive simulation study and illustrated in a large real dataset, the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN). RESULTS Empirical scores such as the FLOSS and LRC cannot properly deal with differential family size and missing data. Our simulation study showed that mLRC is not affected by family size and provides more accurate selections of long-lived families. The analysis of 1105 sibships of the Historical Sample of the Netherlands showed that the selection of long-lived individuals based on the mLRC score predicts excess survival in the validation set better than the selection based on the LRC score . CONCLUSIONS Model-based score systems such as the mLRC score help to reduce heterogeneity in the selection of long-lived families. The power of future studies into the genetics of longevity can likely be improved and their bias reduced, by selecting long-lived cases using the mLRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Rodríguez-Girondo
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, section of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Niels van den Berg
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michel H Hof
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eline Slagboom
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Gauthier BR, Sola‐García A, Cáliz‐Molina MÁ, Lorenzo PI, Cobo‐Vuilleumier N, Capilla‐González V, Martin‐Montalvo A. Thyroid hormones in diabetes, cancer, and aging. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13260. [PMID: 33048427 PMCID: PMC7681062 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid function is central in the control of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Studies in animal models and human research have determined that thyroid hormones modulate cellular processes relevant for aging and for the majority of age‐related diseases. While several studies have associated mild reductions on thyroid hormone function with exceptional longevity in animals and humans, alterations in thyroid hormones are serious medical conditions associated with unhealthy aging and premature death. Moreover, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been associated with the development of certain types of diabetes and cancers, indicating a great complexity of the molecular mechanisms controlled by thyroid hormones. In this review, we describe the latest findings in thyroid hormone research in the field of aging, diabetes, and cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinomas. While aging studies indicate that the direct modulation of thyroid hormones is not a viable strategy to promote healthy aging or longevity and the development of thyromimetics is challenging due to inefficacy and potential toxicity, we argue that interventions based on the use of modulators of thyroid hormone function might provide therapeutic benefit in certain types of diabetes and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit R. Gauthier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases‐CIBERDEM Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Sola‐García
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - María Ángeles Cáliz‐Molina
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Petra Isabel Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo‐Vuilleumier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla‐González
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin‐Montalvo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
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Yang F, Wang J, Yang Z, Ren Z, Zeng F. PANK2 p.A170fs:a novel pathogenetic mutation, compound with PANK2 p.R440P, causing pantothenate kinase Associated neurodegeneration in a Chinese family. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:582-588. [PMID: 33043782 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1828883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a severe autosomal recessive rare disease and characterized by iron accumulation in the basal ganglia. To investigate the pathogenesis of this disease in two sibling patients with PANK in a Chinese family, whole-exome variant detection and functional analysis were performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and radiographic investigations were performed in the two brother patients. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used in mutation detection, and the mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. A longevity cohort genetic database was applied as Chinese urban controls. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to predict the pathogenicity. RESULTS Compound heterozygous mutations of PANK2 were detected in two sibling brothers with PKAN in a Chinese family: c.510_522del (p.A170fs) and c.1319G > C (p.R440P) in the transcript NM_153638. PANK2: c.510_522del (p.A170fs) was absent in public data and the Chinese urban controls. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the above two variants were pathogenicity. CONCLUSIONS We identified a rare compound heterozygous combination of PANK2 mutations found in a Chinese family in which two sibling brothers suffered from PKAN. PANK2 c.510_522del (p.A170fs) was the first reported to be a PKAN pathogenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, National Health Commission & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, National Health Commission & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ze Yang
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhaorui Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, National Health Commission & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fanyi Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, National Health Commission & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Histo-Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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9
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Galvin A, Ukraintseva S, Arbeev K, Feitosa M, Christensen K. Physical robustness and resilience among long-lived female siblings: a comparison with sporadic long-livers. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15157-15168. [PMID: 32652515 PMCID: PMC7425496 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived individuals are central in studies of healthy longevity. However, few pro-longevity factors have been identified, presumably because of “phenocopies”, i.e. individuals that live long by chance. Familial longevity cases may include less phenocopies than sporadic cases and provide better insights into longevity mechanisms. Here we examined whether long-lived female siblings have a better ability to avoid diseases at ages 65+ (proxy for “robustness”) and/or survive to extreme ages (proxy for “resilience”) compared to sporadic long-livers. A total of 1,156 long-lived female siblings were selected from three nationwide Danish studies and age-matched with sporadic long-lived female controls. Outcomes included cumulative incidence of common health disorders from age 65 and overall survival. Long-lived female siblings had lower risks of some but not all health conditions, most significantly, depression (OR=0.74; 95%CI=0.62-0.88), and less significantly hypertensive (OR=0.84; 95%CI=0.71-0.99) and cerebrovascular (OR=0.73; 95%CI=0.55-0.96) diseases. They also had consistently better survival to extreme ages (HR=0.71; 95%CI= 0.63-0.81) compared to sporadic long-livers. After adjustment for the diseases, the association with mortality changed only marginally suggesting central role of better physiological resilience in familial longevity. Due to their consistently better resilience, familial longevity cases could be more informative than sporadic cases for studying mechanisms of healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéline Galvin
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mary Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,The Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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10
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Berg N, Rodríguez‐Girondo M, Mandemakers K, Janssens AAPO, Beekman M, Slagboom PE. Longevity Relatives Count score identifies heritable longevity carriers and suggests case improvement in genetic studies. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13139. [PMID: 32352215 PMCID: PMC7294789 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loci associated with longevity are likely to harbor genes coding for key players of molecular pathways involved in a lifelong decreased mortality and decreased/compressed morbidity. However, identifying such loci is challenging. One of the most plausible reasons is the uncertainty in defining long‐lived cases with the heritable longevity trait among long‐living phenocopies. To avoid phenocopies, family selection scores have been constructed, but these have not yet been adopted as state of the art in longevity research. Here, we aim to identify individuals with the heritable longevity trait by using current insights and a novel family score based on these insights. We use a unique dataset connecting living study participants to their deceased ancestors covering 37,825 persons from 1,326 five‐generational families, living between 1788 and 2019. Our main finding suggests that longevity is transmitted for at least two subsequent generations only when at least 20% of all relatives are long‐lived. This proves the importance of family data to avoid phenocopies in genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Berg
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Mar Rodríguez‐Girondo
- Section of Medical Statistics Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Kees Mandemakers
- International Institute of Social History Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne Germany
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11
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Arbeev KG, Bagley O, Ukraintseva SV, Wu D, Duan H, Kulminski AM, Stallard E, Christensen K, Lee JH, Thyagarajan B, Zmuda JM, Yashin AI. Genetics of physiological dysregulation: findings from the long life family study using joint models. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5920-5947. [PMID: 32235003 PMCID: PMC7185144 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Mahalanobis distance (DM) was suggested as a statistical measure of physiological dysregulation in aging individuals. We constructed DM variants using sets of biomarkers collected at the two visits of the Long Life Family Study (LLFS) and performed joint analyses of longitudinal observations of DM and follow-up mortality in LLFS using joint models. We found that DM is significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio per standard deviation: 1.31 [1.16, 1.48] to 2.22 [1.84, 2.67]) after controlling for age and other covariates. GWAS of random intercepts and slopes of DM estimated from joint models found a genome-wide significant SNP (rs12652543, p=7.2×10-9) in the TRIO gene associated with the slope of DM constructed from biomarkers declining in late life. Review of biological effects of genes corresponding to top SNPs from GWAS of DM slopes revealed that these genes are broadly involved in cancer prognosis and axon guidance/synapse function. Although axon growth is mainly observed during early development, the axon guidance genes can function in adults and contribute to maintenance of neural circuits and synaptic plasticity. Our results indicate that decline in axons' ability to maintain complex regulatory networks may potentially play an important role in the increase in physiological dysregulation during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham NC, 27708, USA
| | - Olivia Bagley
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham NC, 27708, USA
| | - Svetlana V Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham NC, 27708, USA
| | - Deqing Wu
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham NC, 27708, USA
| | - Hongzhe Duan
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham NC, 27708, USA
| | - Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham NC, 27708, USA
| | - Eric Stallard
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Joseph H Lee
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,G. H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Departments of Epidemiology and Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anatoliy I Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham NC, 27708, USA
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12
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van Dijk IK, Janssens A, Smith KR. The Long Harm of Childhood: Childhood Exposure to Mortality and Subsequent Risk of Adult Mortality in Utah and The Netherlands. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION = REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2019; 35:851-871. [PMID: 31832028 PMCID: PMC6882779 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-018-9505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
How do early-life conditions affect adult mortality? Research has yielded mixed evidence about the influence of infant and child mortality in birth cohorts on adult health and mortality. Studies rarely consider the specific role of mortality within the family. We estimated how individuals' exposure to mortality as a child is related to their adult mortality risk between ages 18 and 85 in two historical populations, Utah (USA) 1874-2015 and Zeeland (The Netherlands) 1812-1957. We examined these associations for early community-level exposure to infant and early (before sixth birthday) and late (before eighteenth birthday) childhood mortality as well as exposure during these ages to sibling deaths. We find that that exposure in childhood to community mortality and sibling deaths increases adult mortality rates. Effects of sibling mortality on adult all-cause mortality risk were stronger in Utah, where sibling deaths were less common in relation to Zeeland. Exposure to sibling death due to infection was related to the surviving siblings' risk of adult mortality due to cardiovascular disease (relative risk: 1.06) and metabolic disease (relative risk: 1.42), primarily diabetes mellitus, a result consistent with an inflammatory immune response mechanism. We conclude that early-life conditions and exposure to mortality in early life, especially within families of origin, contribute to adult mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid K. van Dijk
- Department of History, Radboud University Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique Janssens
- Department of History, Radboud University Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ken R. Smith
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
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13
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A Prospective Analysis of Genetic Variants Associated with Human Lifespan. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:2863-2878. [PMID: 31484785 PMCID: PMC6723124 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a massive investigation into the genetic basis of human lifespan. Beginning with a genome-wide association (GWA) study using a de-identified snapshot of the unique AncestryDNA database – more than 300,000 genotyped individuals linked to pedigrees of over 400,000,000 people – we mapped six genome-wide significant loci associated with parental lifespan. We compared these results to a GWA analysis of the traditional lifespan proxy trait, age, and found only one locus, APOE, to be associated with both age and lifespan. By combining the AncestryDNA results with those of an independent UK Biobank dataset, we conducted a meta-analysis of more than 650,000 individuals and identified fifteen parental lifespan-associated loci. Beyond just those significant loci, our genome-wide set of polymorphisms accounts for up to 8% of the variance in human lifespan; this value represents a large fraction of the heritability estimated from phenotypic correlations between relatives.
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14
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Berg NVD, Rodríguez-Girondo M, de Craen AJM, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Beekman M, Slagboom PE. Longevity Around the Turn of the 20th Century: Life-Long Sustained Survival Advantage for Parents of Today's Nonagenarians. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1295-1302. [PMID: 29596573 PMCID: PMC6132126 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of longevous families live longer than individuals from similar birth cohorts and delay/escape age-related diseases. Insight into this familial component of longevity can provide important knowledge about mechanisms protecting against age-related diseases. This familial component of longevity was studied in the Leiden Longevity Study which consists of 944 longevous siblings (participants), their parents (N = 842), siblings (N = 2,302), and spouses (N = 809). Family longevity scores were estimated to explore whether human longevity is transmitted preferentially through the maternal or paternal line. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated to investigate whether longevous siblings have a survival advantage compared with longevous singletons and we investigated whether parents of longevous siblings harbor a life-long sustained survival advantage compared with the general Dutch population by estimating lifetime SMRs (L-SMRs). We found that sibships with long-lived mothers and non-long-lived fathers had 0.41 (p = .024) less observed deaths than sibships with long-lived fathers and non-long-lived mothers and 0.48 (p = .008) less observed deaths than sibships with both parents non-long lived. Participants had 18.6 per cent less deaths compared with matched singletons and parents had a life-long sustained survival advantage (L-SMR = 0.510 and 0.688). In conclusion, genetic longevity studies may incorporate the maternal transmission pattern and genes influencing the entire life-course of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van den Berg
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University, Albinusdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Economic, Social, and Demographic History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Girondo
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University, Albinusdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University, Albinusdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University, Albinusdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University, Albinusdreef, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Morris BJ, Willcox BJ, Donlon TA. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of human aging and longevity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1718-1744. [PMID: 31109447 PMCID: PMC7295568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we summarize the latest data on genetic and epigenetic contributions to human aging and longevity. Whereas environmental and lifestyle factors are important at younger ages, the contribution of genetics appears more important in reaching extreme old age. Genome-wide studies have implicated ~57 gene loci in lifespan. Epigenomic changes during aging profoundly affect cellular function and stress resistance. Dysregulation of transcriptional and chromatin networks is likely a crucial component of aging. Large-scale bioinformatic analyses have revealed involvement of numerous interaction networks. As the young well-differentiated cell replicates into eventual senescence there is drift in the highly regulated chromatin marks towards an entropic middle-ground between repressed and active, such that genes that were previously inactive "leak". There is a breakdown in chromatin connectivity such that topologically associated domains and their insulators weaken, and well-defined blocks of constitutive heterochromatin give way to generalized, senescence-associated heterochromatin, foci. Together, these phenomena contribute to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- Basic & Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Departments of Cell & Molecular Biology and Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
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16
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Ye S, Ma L, Zhang R, Liu F, Jiang P, Xu J, Cao H, Du X, Lin F, Cheng L, Zhou X, Shi Z, Liu Y, Huang Y, Wang Z, Li C. Plasma proteomic and autoantibody profiles reveal the proteomic characteristics involved in longevity families in Bama, China. Clin Proteomics 2019; 16:22. [PMID: 31139026 PMCID: PMC6526601 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-019-9242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese Bama Yao Autonomous County is a well-known longevity region in the world. In the past 30 years, population and genome studies were undertaken to investigate the secret of longevity and showed that longevity is the result of a combination of multiple factors, such as genetic, environmental and other causes. In this study, characteristics of the blood plasma proteomic and autoantibody profiles of people from Bama longevity family were investigated. METHODS Sixty-six plasma donors from Chinese Bama longevity area were recruited in this study. Thirty-three offsprings of longevous families were selected as case studies (Longevous group) and 33 ABO (blood type), age, and gender-matched subjects from non-longevous families were selected as controls (Normal group). Each group contains 3 biological replicates. Tandem mass tag-based proteomic technique was used to investigate the differentially expressed plasma proteins between the two groups. The auto-reactive IgG antibody profiles of the 3 pooled samples in each group were revealed by human proteome microarrays with 17,000 recombinant human proteins. RESULTS Firstly, 525 plasma proteins were quantified and 12 proteins were discovered differentially expressed between the two groups. Secondly, more than 500 proteins were recognized by plasma antibodies, 14 proteins ware differentially reacted with the autoantibodies in the two groups. Bioinformatics analysis showed some of the differential proteins and targeted autoantigens were involved in cancer, cardiovascular disease and immunity. CONCLUSIONS Proteomic and autoantibody profiles varied between the offspring of longevous and normal families which are from the same area and shared the same environmental factors. The identified differences were reported to be involved in several physiological and pathological pathways. The identified proteins will contribute to a better understanding of the proteomic characteristics of people from Bama longevous area and a revelation of the molecular mechanisms of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Ye
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, 610052 China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, 610052 China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, 610052 China
| | - Fengjuan Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, 610052 China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, 610052 China
| | - Jun Xu
- Shanghai RAAS Blood Products Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201401 China
| | - Haijun Cao
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, 610052 China
| | - Xi Du
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, 610052 China
| | - Fangzhao Lin
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, 610052 China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Shanghai RAAS Blood Products Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201401 China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Shanghai RAAS Blood Products Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201401 China
| | - Zhihui Shi
- Shanghai RAAS Blood Products Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201401 China
| | - Yeheng Liu
- Shanghai RAAS Blood Products Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201401 China
| | | | - Zongkui Wang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, 610052 China
| | - Changqing Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, 610052 China
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17
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Sverrisdóttir IS, Lund SH, Turesson I, Björkholm M, Goldin LR, Landgren O, Kristinsson SY. Parental longevity and survival among patients with multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a population-based study. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:37-44. [PMID: 30906990 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parental longevity is associated with an increased life expectancy; results with regard to specific diseases are conflicting. There are limited data focusing on host characteristics and their effect on survival among multiple myeloma (MM) patients and individuals with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the impact of parental longevity on survival of patients with MM and MGUS. A total of 4675 patients with MM, 6812 MGUS patients and 13 398 population-based controls for MM as well as 19 110 controls for MGUS, from 1988 to 2013, were included in the study. Longevity was defined as >90 years of age. Among MM patients, parental longevity was associated with a decreased risk of death [hazard ratio (HR) = 0·92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·84-0·99] and the same was true for MGUS patients (HR = 0·87, 95% CI 0·78-0·96). Having one long lived parent significantly decreased the risk of death in both groups, but was not statistically significant when both parents exceeded 90 years of age. In conclusion, parental longevity decreases the risk of death for patients with MM and MGUS which may reflect the importance of the host's genetic and environmental factors in relation to survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigrún H Lund
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Magnus Björkholm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Haematology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sigurður Y Kristinsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Department of Haematology, Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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18
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Estimates of the Heritability of Human Longevity Are Substantially Inflated due to Assortative Mating. Genetics 2019; 210:1109-1124. [PMID: 30401766 PMCID: PMC6218226 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human life span is a phenotype that integrates many aspects of health and environment into a single ultimate quantity: the elapsed time between birth and death. Though it is widely believed that long life runs in families for genetic reasons, estimates of life span "heritability" are consistently low (∼15-30%). Here, we used pedigree data from Ancestry public trees, including hundreds of millions of historical persons, to estimate the heritability of human longevity. Although "nominal heritability" estimates based on correlations among genetic relatives agreed with prior literature, the majority of that correlation was also captured by correlations among nongenetic (in-law) relatives, suggestive of highly assortative mating around life span-influencing factors (genetic and/or environmental). We used structural equation modeling to account for assortative mating, and concluded that the true heritability of human longevity for birth cohorts across the 1800s and early 1900s was well below 10%, and that it has been generally overestimated due to the effect of assortative mating.
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19
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van den Berg N, Rodríguez-Girondo M, van Dijk IK, Mourits RJ, Mandemakers K, Janssens AAPO, Beekman M, Smith KR, Slagboom PE. Longevity defined as top 10% survivors and beyond is transmitted as a quantitative genetic trait. Nat Commun 2019; 10:35. [PMID: 30617297 PMCID: PMC6323124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival to extreme ages clusters within families. However, identifying genetic loci conferring longevity and low morbidity in such longevous families is challenging. There is debate concerning the survival percentile that best isolates the genetic component in longevity. Here, we use three-generational mortality data from two large datasets, UPDB (US) and LINKS (Netherlands). We study 20,360 unselected families containing index persons, their parents, siblings, spouses, and children, comprising 314,819 individuals. Our analyses provide strong evidence that longevity is transmitted as a quantitative genetic trait among survivors up to the top 10% of their birth cohort. We subsequently show a survival advantage, mounting to 31%, for individuals with top 10% surviving first and second-degree relatives in both databases and across generations, even in the presence of non-longevous parents. To guide future genetic studies, we suggest to base case selection on top 10% survivors of their birth cohort with equally long-lived family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van den Berg
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 225 S. 1400 E. Rm 228, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Girondo
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid K van Dijk
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick J Mourits
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Mandemakers
- International Institute of Social History, Cruquiusweg 31, 1019 AT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique A P O Janssens
- Radboud Group for Historical Demography and Family History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ken R Smith
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 225 S. 1400 E. Rm 228, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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20
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Kim S, Wyckoff J, Morris AT, Succop A, Avery A, Duncan GE, Jazwinski SM. DNA methylation associated with healthy aging of elderly twins. GeroScience 2018; 40:469-484. [PMID: 30136078 PMCID: PMC6294724 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in healthy aging and lifespan is ascribed more to various non-genetic factors than to inherited genetic determinants, and a major goal in aging research is to reveal the epigenetic basis of aging. One approach to this goal is to find genomic sites or regions where DNA methylation correlates with biological age. Using health data from 134 elderly twins, we calculated a frailty index as a quantitative indicator of biological age, and by applying the Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip technology to their leukocyte DNA samples, we obtained quantitative DNA methylation data on genome-wide CpG sites. We analyzed the health and epigenome data by taking two independent associative approaches: the parametric regression-based approach and a non-parametric machine learning approach followed by GO ontology analysis. Our results indicate that DNA methylation at CpG sites in the promoter region of PCDHGA3 is associated with biological age. PCDHGA3 belongs to clustered protocadherin genes, which are all located in a single locus on chromosome 5 in human. Previous studies of the clustered protocadherin genes showed that (1) DNA methylation is associated with age or age-related phenotypes; (2) DNA methylation can modulate gene expression; (3) dysregulated gene expression is associated with various pathologies; and (4) DNA methylation patterns at this locus are associated with adverse lifetime experiences. All these observations suggest that DNA methylation at the clustered protocadherin genes, including PCDHGA3, is a key mediator of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Kim
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Jennifer Wyckoff
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Anne-T Morris
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Ally Avery
- University of Washington Twin Registry, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Glen E Duncan
- University of Washington Twin Registry, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - S Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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21
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Arbeeva LS, Hanson HA, Arbeev KG, Kulminski AM, Stallard E, Ukraintseva SV, Wu D, Boudreau RM, Province MA, Smith KR, Yashin AI. How Well Does the Family Longevity Selection Score Work: A Validation Test Using the Utah Population Database. Front Public Health 2018; 6:277. [PMID: 30327761 PMCID: PMC6174319 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Family Longevity Selection Score (FLoSS) was used to select families for the Long Life Family Study (LLFS) but has never been validated in other populations. The goal of this paper is to validate how well the FLoSS-based selection procedure works in an independent dataset. In this paper, we computed FLoSS using the lifespan data of 234,155 individuals from a large comprehensive genealogically-based resource, the Utah Population Database (UPDB), born between 1779 and 1910 with mortality follow-up through 2012-2013. Computations of FLoSS in a specific year (1980) confirmed the survival advantage of the "exceptional" sibships (defined by LLFS FLoSS threshold, FLoSS ≥ 7). We found that the subsample of the UPDB participants born after 1900 who were from the "exceptional" sibships had survival curves similar to that of the US participants from the LLFS probands' generation. Comparisons between the offspring of parents with "exceptional" and "ordinary" survival showed the survival advantage of the "exceptional" offspring. Investigators seeking to explain the extent genetics and environment contribute to exceptional survival will benefit from the use of exceptionally long-lived individuals and their relatives. Appropriate ranking of families by survival exceptionality and their availability for the purposes of providing genetic and phenotypic data is critical for selecting participants into such studies. This study validated the FLoSS as selection criteria in family longevity studies using UPDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov S. Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Heidi A. Hanson
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Konstantin G. Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alexander M. Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Eric Stallard
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Svetlana V. Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Deqing Wu
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Robert M. Boudreau
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael A. Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ken R. Smith
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Anatoliy I. Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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22
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Abstract
Genealogical study provides insight into history and life span and heralds crowdsourced genetic research
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Lussier
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alon Keinan
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Cornell Center for Comparative and Population Genomics, Center for Vertebrate Genomics, and Center for Enervating Neuroimmune Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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23
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Kaplanis J, Gordon A, Shor T, Weissbrod O, Geiger D, Wahl M, Gershovits M, Markus B, Sheikh M, Gymrek M, Bhatia G, MacArthur DG, Price AL, Erlich Y. Quantitative analysis of population-scale family trees with millions of relatives. Science 2018; 360:171-175. [PMID: 29496957 PMCID: PMC6593158 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam9309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Family trees have vast applications in fields as diverse as genetics, anthropology, and economics. However, the collection of extended family trees is tedious and usually relies on resources with limited geographical scope and complex data usage restrictions. We collected 86 million profiles from publicly available online data shared by genealogy enthusiasts. After extensive cleaning and validation, we obtained population-scale family trees, including a single pedigree of 13 million individuals. We leveraged the data to partition the genetic architecture of human longevity and to provide insights into the geographical dispersion of families. We also report a simple digital procedure to overlay other data sets with our resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaplanis
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Assaf Gordon
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tal Shor
- MyHeritage, Or Yehuda 6037606, Israel
- Computer Science Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Omer Weissbrod
- Computer Science Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Dan Geiger
- Computer Science Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Mary Wahl
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Barak Markus
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mona Sheikh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Melissa Gymrek
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gaurav Bhatia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alkes L Price
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yaniv Erlich
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA.
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- MyHeritage, Or Yehuda 6037606, Israel
- Department of Computer Science, Fu Foundation School of Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Gutmann MP, Merchant EK, Roberts E. "Big data" in economic history. THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY 2018; 78:268-299. [PMID: 29713093 PMCID: PMC5922781 DOI: 10.1017/s0022050718000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Big data is an exciting prospect for the field of economic history, which has long depended on the acquisition, keying, and cleaning of scarce numerical information about the past. This article examines two areas in which economic historians are already using big data - population and environment - discussing ways in which increased frequency of observation, denser samples, and smaller geographic units allow us to analyze the past with greater precision and often to track individuals, places, and phenomena across time. We also explore promising new sources of big data: organically created economic data, high resolution images, and textual corpora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron P Gutmann
- Department of History and Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado
| | | | - Evan Roberts
- Department of Sociology and Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota
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25
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Measuring selection for genes that promote long life in a historical human population. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1773-1781. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Hanson HA, Horn KP, Rasmussen KM, Hoffman JM, Smith KR. Is Cancer Protective for Subsequent Alzheimer's Disease Risk? Evidence From the Utah Population Database. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2017; 72:1032-1043. [PMID: 27101831 PMCID: PMC5926998 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have suggested that cancer is associated with a reduced risk of the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study seeks to improve our understanding of the association between cancer and the development of AD by showing how mortality selection alters this relationship. METHOD A retrospective cohort study was carried out examining 92,425 individuals (47,873 women and 44,552 men) from the Utah Population Database with and without a history of any primary cancer identified by the Utah Cancer Registry. All individuals were aged 65-79 years and free of dementia in 1992 and followed for upwards of 18 years (1992-2009) for AD ascertainment, which was identified using diagnostic information from Medicare claims data. RESULTS We replicate previous results suggesting that cancer is associated with reduced risk of subsequent AD under specific statistical model specifications. However, these results should not be interpreted as evidence of an etiological association. We conclude that higher rates of overall mortality among individuals with cancer relative to those without cancer induce the widely reported putative protective association with cancer. CONCLUSION Careful consideration of model specification and the profound effects of mortality selection in the older adult population is essential when investigating the relationship between aging-related diseases such as cancer and AD. We show that cancer does not provide protection from AD as previously described in the literature. Social scientists seeking to understand social disparities in disease outcomes among older adults may therefore want to strongly consider the role of mortality selection which, if uncorrected, may generate biased associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Hanson
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute and
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Kevin P Horn
- Center for Quantitative Cancer Imaging, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kelli M Rasmussen
- Center for Quantitative Cancer Imaging, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John M Hoffman
- Center for Quantitative Cancer Imaging, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ken R Smith
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute and
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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27
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Eline Slagboom P, van den Berg N, Deelen J. Phenome and genome based studies into human ageing and longevity: An overview. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:2742-2751. [PMID: 28951210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human ageing is an extremely personal process leading across the life course of individuals to large population heterogeneity in the decline of functional capacity, health and lifespan. The extremes of this process are witnessed by the healthy vital 100-year-olds on one end and the 60-year-olds suffering from multiple morbid conditions on the other end of the spectrum. Molecular studies into the basis of this heterogeneity have focused on a range of endpoints and methodological approaches. The phenotype definitions most prominently investigated in these studies are either lifespan-related or biomarker based indices of the biological ageing rate of individuals and their tissues. Unlike for many complex, age-related diseases, consensus on the ultimate set of multi-biomarker ageing or lifespan-related phenotypes for genetic and genomic studies has not been reached yet. Comparable to animal models, hallmarks of age-related disease risk, healthy ageing and longevity include immune and metabolic pathways. Potentially novel genomic regions and pathways have been identified among many (epi)genomic studies into chronological age and studies into human lifespan regulation, with APOE and FOXO3A representing yet the most robust loci. Functional analysis of a handful of genes in cell-based and animal models is ongoing. The way forward in human ageing and longevity studies seems through improvements in the interpretation of the biology of the genome, in application of computational and systems biology, integration with animal models and by harmonization of repeated phenotypic and omics measures in longitudinal and intervention studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Model Systems of Aging - edited by "Houtkooper Riekelt".
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Niels van den Berg
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing; Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Köln (Cologne), Germany.
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28
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van den Berg N, Beekman M, Smith KR, Janssens A, Slagboom PE. Historical demography and longevity genetics: Back to the future. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 38:28-39. [PMID: 28689042 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Research into the genetic component of human longevity can provide important insights in mechanisms that may protect against age-related diseases and multi-morbidity. Thus far only a limited number of robust longevity loci have been detected in either candidate or genome wide association studies. One of the issues in these genetic studies is the definition of the trait being either lifespan, including any age at death or longevity, i.e. survival above a diverse series of thresholds. Likewise heritability and segregation research have conflated lifespan with longevity. The heritability of lifespan estimated across most studies has been rather low. Environmental factors have not been sufficiently investigated and the total amount of genetic variance contributing to longevity has not been estimated in sufficiently well-defined and powered studies. Up to now, genetic longevity studies lack the required insights into the nature and size of the genetic component and the optimal strategies for meta-analysis and subject selection for Next Generation Sequencing efforts. Historical demographic data containing deep genealogical information may help in estimating the best definition and heritability for longevity, its transmission patterns in multi-generational datasets and may allow relevant additive and modifying environmental factors such as socio-economic status, geographical background, exposure to environmental effects, birth order, and number of children to be included. In this light historical demographic data may be very useful for identifying lineages in human populations that are worth investigating further by geneticists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van den Berg
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ken Robert Smith
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 225 S. 1400 E. Rm 228, Salt Lake City, United States.
| | - Angelique Janssens
- Department of Economic, Social, and Demographic History, Radboud University, Erasmusplein 1, 6525 HT Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieternella Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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29
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Del Risco Kollerud R, Blaasaas KG, Claussen B, Oftedal B, Næss Ø. The risk of cancer in the offspring and parental length of life. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 48:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Tyrovolas S, Polychronopoulos E, Mariolis A, Piscopo S, Valacchi G, Makri K, Zeimbekis A, Tyrovola D, Bountziouka V, Gotsis E, Metallinos G, Tur JA, Matalas A, Lionis C, Haro JM, Panagiotakos DB. Is Parental Longevity Associated With the Cardiovascular Risk and the Successful Aging of Their Offspring? Results From the Multinational MEDIS Study. Angiology 2016; 68:124-131. [PMID: 27069110 DOI: 10.1177/0003319716642140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of parental longevity and parental cardiovascular disease (CVD) history in CVD risk and successful aging of a random sample of older adults living in the Mediterranean basin and who participated in the MEDiterranean Islands (MEDIS) study. During 2005 to 2011, 2663 elders were voluntarily enrolled. A multidimensional successful aging index consisting of 10 components was used. Paternal and maternal longevity was defined as those older participants of whom both parents lived above the age of 90. The burden of CVD-related factors (CVD-RFs) was calculated as the total score of 4 major CVD-RFs (range 0-4). After adjustment, parental longevity was inversely associated with the burden of CVD-RFs ( P = .04). Moreover, parental longevity was positively associated with the older adults' successful aging score (β-coefficient [95% confidence interval]: .38 [0.06-0.71]). Parent's long living was revealed as an important factor for successful aging and for reduced CVD risk, suggesting that further research is needed in the genetic predisposition of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Tyrovolas
- 1 Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Polychronopoulos
- 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Anargiros Mariolis
- 3 Health Center of Aeropolis, General Hospital of Sparta, Aeropolis, Greece
| | - Suzanne Piscopo
- 4 Faculty of Education, Nutrition, Family and Consumer Studies Office, University of Malta, Msida, Republic of Malta
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- 5 Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kornilia Makri
- 6 Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Akis Zeimbekis
- 7 Health Center of Kalloni, General Hospital of Mitilini, Mitilini, Greece
| | - Dimitra Tyrovola
- 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Bountziouka
- 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimios Gotsis
- 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - George Metallinos
- 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Josep-Antoni Tur
- 8 Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Universitat de les Illes Balears & CIBERobn, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonia Matalas
- 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Lionis
- 6 Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- 1 Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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31
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Rodríguez-Girondo M, Deelen J, Slagboom EP, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ. Survival analysis with delayed entry in selected families with application to human longevity. Stat Methods Med Res 2016; 27:933-954. [PMID: 27177884 DOI: 10.1177/0962280216648356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the field of aging research, family-based sampling study designs are commonly used to study the lifespans of long-lived family members. However, the specific sampling procedure should be carefully taken into account in order to avoid biases. This work is motivated by the Leiden Longevity Study, a family-based cohort of long-lived siblings. Families were invited to participate in the study if at least two siblings were 'long-lived', where 'long-lived' meant being older than 89 years for men or older than 91 years for women. As a result, more than 400 families were included in the study and followed for around 10 years. For estimation of marker-specific survival probabilities and correlations among life times of family members, delayed entry due to outcome-dependent sampling mechanisms has to be taken into account. We consider shared frailty models to model left-truncated correlated survival data. The treatment of left truncation in shared frailty models is still an open issue and the literature on this topic is scarce. We show that the current approaches provide, in general, biased estimates and we propose a new method to tackle this selection problem by applying a correction on the likelihood estimation by means of inverse probability weighting at the family level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Rodríguez-Girondo
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- 2 Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Eline P Slagboom
- 2 Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Houwing-Duistermaat
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,3 Department of Statistics, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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32
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Kim S, Welsh DA, Myers L, Cherry KE, Wyckoff J, Jazwinski SM. Non-coding genomic regions possessing enhancer and silencer potential are associated with healthy aging and exceptional survival. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3600-12. [PMID: 25682868 PMCID: PMC4414140 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have completed a genome-wide linkage scan for healthy aging using data collected from a family study, followed by fine-mapping by association in a separate population, the first such attempt reported. The family cohort consisted of parents of age 90 or above and their children ranging in age from 50 to 80. As a quantitative measure of healthy aging, we used a frailty index, called FI34, based on 34 health and function variables. The linkage scan found a single significant linkage peak on chromosome 12. Using an independent cohort of unrelated nonagenarians, we carried out a fine-scale association mapping of the region suggestive of linkage and identified three sites associated with healthy aging. These healthy-aging sites (HASs) are located in intergenic regions at 12q13-14. HAS-1 has been previously associated with multiple diseases, and an enhancer was recently mapped and experimentally validated within the site. HAS-2 is a previously uncharacterized site possessing genomic features suggestive of enhancer activity. HAS-3 contains features associated with Polycomb repression. The HASs also contain variants associated with exceptional longevity, based on a separate analysis. Our results provide insight into functional genomic networks involving non-coding regulatory elements that are involved in healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Kim
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Leann Myers
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Katie E Cherry
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jennifer Wyckoff
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - S Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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33
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Hanson HA, Smith KR, Zimmer Z. Reproductive History and Later-Life Comorbidity Trajectories: A Medicare-Linked Cohort Study From the Utah Population Database. Demography 2015; 52:2021-49. [PMID: 26527471 PMCID: PMC4655204 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-015-0439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive lives of men and women may provide significant insight into later-life morbidity and mortality. Sociological, biological, and evolutionary theories predict a relationship between reproductive history and later-life health; however, current research is lacking consensus on the direction of the relationship. Parity, early age at first birth and last birth, birth weight of offspring, having a child die as an infant, and having a preterm birth may have long-term effects on health for both men and women. In this study, the relationship between these measures of reproductive history and later-life health is examined using the Utah Population Database (a rich source of longitudinal data), and Medicare claims data from 1992-2009. Later-life health is measured using annual Charlson comorbidity index scores, a construct that summarizes most serious illnesses afflicting older individuals. Group-based trajectory modeling that accounts for nonrandom attrition due to death is used to identify the number and types of morbidity trajectories by sex and age for 52,924 individuals aged 65-84 in 1992. For females, early age at first birth, high parity, and having a preterm or high-birth-weight baby are associated with increased risks of comorbidity; later age at last birth is associated with a decreased risk of comorbidity. For males, early age at first birth and having a child with an abnormal birth weight leads to increased risk of comorbidity. The results suggest that both biological and social factors play important roles in the relationships between fertility and morbidity profiles at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Hanson
- Division of Public Health, University of Utah, 675 Arapeen, Suite 200, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Ken R Smith
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zachary Zimmer
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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34
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Sebastiani P, Andersen SL, McIntosh AI, Nussbaum L, Stevenson MD, Pierce L, Xia S, Salance K, Perls TT. Familial Risk for Exceptional Longevity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:57-64. [PMID: 27041978 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2015.1061946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the most glaring deficiencies in the current assessment of mortality risk is the lack of information concerning the impact of familial longevity. In this work, we update estimates of sibling relative risk of living to extreme ages using data from more than 1,700 sibships, and we begin to examine the trend for heritability for different birth-year cohorts. We also build a network model that can be used to compute the increased chance for exceptional longevity of a subject, conditional on his family history of longevity. The network includes familial longevity from three generations and can be used to understand the effects of paternal and maternal longevity on an individual's chance to live to an extreme age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- New England Centenarian Study, Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Avery I McIntosh
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston
| | - Lisa Nussbaum
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston
| | | | - Leslie Pierce
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston; New England Centenarian Study, Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Samantha Xia
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston; New England Centenarian Study, Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Kelly Salance
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston; New England Centenarian Study, Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Thomas T Perls
- New England Centenarian Study, Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine
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35
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Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. Predictors of Exceptional Longevity: Effects of Early-Life and Midlife Conditions, and Familial Longevity. NORTH AMERICAN ACTUARIAL JOURNAL : NAAJ 2015; 19:174-186. [PMID: 26412963 PMCID: PMC4580260 DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2015.1018390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of strong predictors of mortality and longevity is very important for actuarial science and practice. Earlier studies found that parental characteristics as well as early-life conditions and midlife environment play a significant role in survival to advanced ages. However, little is known about the simultaneous effects of these three factors on longevity. This ongoing study attempts to fill this gap by comparing centenarians born in the United States in 1890-1891 with peers born in the same years who died at age 65. The records for centenarians and controls were taken from computerized family histories, which were then linked to 1900 and 1930 U.S. censuses. As a result of this linkage procedure, 765 records of confirmed centenarians and 783 records of controls were obtained. Analysis with multivariate logistic regression found the existence of both general and gender-specific predictors of human longevity. General predictors common for men and women are paternal and maternal longevity. Gender-specific predictors of male longevity are occupation as a farmer at age 40, Northeastern region of birth in the United States, and birth in the second half of year. A gender-specific predictor of female longevity is the availability of radio in the household according to the 1930 U.S. census. Given the importance of familial longevity as an independent predictor of survival to advanced ages, we conducted a comparative study of biological and nonbiological relatives of centenarians using a larger sample of 1,945 validated U.S. centenarians born in 1880-1895. We found that male gender of centenarian has a significant positive effect on survival of adult male relatives (brothers and fathers) but not female blood relatives. Life span of centenarian siblings-in-law is lower compared to life span of centenarian siblings and does not depend on centenarian gender. Wives of male centenarians (who share lifestyle and living conditions) have a significantly better survival compared to wives of centenarians' brothers. This finding demonstrates an important role of shared familial environment and lifestyle in human longevity. The results of this study suggest that familial background, some early-life conditions and midlife characteristics play an important role in longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A. Gavrilov
- Center on Aging, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- WHO Collaborating Centre, Department of Statistical Analysis of Population Health, Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia S. Gavrilova
- Center on Aging, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- WHO Collaborating Centre, Department of Statistical Analysis of Population Health, Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Pedersen JK, Skytthe A, McGue M, Honig LS, Franceschi C, Kirkwood TBL, Passarino G, Slagboom PE, Vaupel JW, Christensen K. Low tobacco-related cancer incidence in offspring of long-lived siblings: a comparison with Danish national cancer registry data. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:569-574.e3. [PMID: 25890797 PMCID: PMC4466018 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Familial clustering of longevity is well documented and includes both genetic and other familial factors, but the specific underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We examined whether low incidence of specific cancers is a mechanism for familial clustering of longevity. METHODS The study population of individuals from longevity-enriched families consisted of 3267 offspring from 610 Danish long-lived families defined by two siblings attaining an age of 90 years or more. The offspring of the long-lived siblings were followed from 1968 to 2009. Using high-quality registry data, observed numbers of cancers were compared with expected numbers based on gender-, calendar period-, and age-specific incidence rates in the general population. RESULTS During the 41-year-follow-up period, a total of 423 cancers occurred in 397 individuals. The standardized incidence ratios (95% confidence interval) for offspring of long-lived individuals were 0.78 (0.70-0.86) for overall cancer; 0.66 (0.56-0.77) for tobacco-related cancer; 0.34 (0.22-0.51) for lung cancer; 0.88 (0.71-1.10) for breast cancer; 0.91 (0.62-1.34) for colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS The low incidence of tobacco-related cancers in long-lived families compared with non-tobacco-related cancers suggests that health behavior plays a central role in lower early cancer incidence in offspring of long-lived siblings in Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Pedersen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Axel Skytthe
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matt McGue
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" for Integrated Studies of Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCSS-Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; ISOF-CNR-Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Bologna, Italy; IGM-CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna IOR, Bologna, Italy
| | - Thomas B L Kirkwood
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James W Vaupel
- MPIDR-Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Intergenerational and Genealogical Approaches for the Study of Longevity in the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean Population. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2015; 19:70-86. [PMID: 26181379 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-008-9031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of longevity have been the subject of investigations for a number of years. Although the role of genetic factors is generally acknowledged, important questions persist regarding the relative impact of environmental exposures, lifestyle characteristics, and genes. The BALSAC population register offers a unique opportunity to study longevity from an intergenerational and genealogical point of view. Individuals from the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean population who died at age 90 or older between 1950 and 1974 were selected from this database (n = 576), along with a control group of individuals born in the same period who died between 50 and 75 years of age. For these subjects and controls, spouses' ages at death and parental ages at death and at their birth were investigated using regression analysis. Genealogical reconstructions were carried out for each individual, and various analyses were performed on both groups. Both fathers' and mothers' mean ages at death were significantly higher among the longer-lived cases than among controls whereas spouses' ages at death and parental ages at birth had no effect. Regression analysis confirmed the positive effect of both fathers' and mothers' age at death. Mean kinship coefficients for the parents' generations displayed significant differences, indicating that kinship was higher among subjects than controls (this effect was stronger among the oldest 10% of the subjects). Frequencies and genetic contributions of ancestors were very similar for the two groups, and none of these ancestors appeared more likely to have introduced genetic variants involved in longevity patterns in this French Canadian population.
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Stevenson M, Bae H, Schupf N, Andersen S, Zhang Q, Perls T, Sebastiani P. Burden of disease variants in participants of the Long Life Family Study. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 7:123-32. [PMID: 25664523 PMCID: PMC4359694 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Case control studies of nonagenarians and centenarians provide evidence that long-lived individuals do not differ in the rate of disease associated variants compared to population controls. These results suggest that an enrichment of novel protective variants, rather than a lack of disease associated variants, determine the genetic predisposition to exceptionally long lives. Using data from the Long Life Family Study (LLFS), we sought to replicate these findings and extend them to include a larger number of disease-specific risk alleles. To accomplish this goal, we built a genetic risk score for each of four age-related disease groups: Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease and stroke, type 2 diabetes, and various cancers and compared the distribution of these scores between older participants of the LLFS, their offspring and their spouses. The analyses showed no significant differences in distribution of the genetic risk scores for cardiovascular disease and stroke, type 2 diabetes, or cancer between the groups, while participants of the LLFS appeared to carry an average 1% fewer risk alleles for Alzheimer's disease compared to spousal controls and, while the difference may not be clinically relevant, it was statistically significant. However, the statistical significance between familial longevity and the Alzheimer's disease genetic risk score was lost when a more stringent linkage disequilibrium threshold was imposed to select independent genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Stevenson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Harold Bae
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, OR 97331, USA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Department of Neurology, Columbia UNiversity, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Stacy Andersen
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Qunyuan Zhang
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Thomas Perls
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Sebastiani P, Nussbaum L, Andersen SL, Black MJ, Perls TT. Increasing Sibling Relative Risk of Survival to Older and Older Ages and the Importance of Precise Definitions of "Aging," "Life Span," and "Longevity". J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:340-6. [PMID: 25814633 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of a formal definition of human longevity continues to generate confusion about its genetic and nongenetic determinants. In order to characterize how differences in birth year cohorts and percentiles of survival are associated with familial contribution to variation in survival, we estimated sibling relative risk of living to increasingly rare percentiles of survival based on a dataset of 1,917 validated sibships each containing at least one individual living to age 90 years. About 1,042 of the sibships included at least one individual who survived to age 100 and 511 included at least one individual who survived to age 105 and older. We show that sibling relative risk increases with older ages, sex, and earlier birth year cohorts of the proband and siblings of male 90-year-olds (5th percentile of survival) have 1.73 (95% CI: 1.5; 2.0) times the chance of living to age 90, while siblings of both male and female probands who survived to age 105 years (~0.01 percentile of survival) have 35.6 (95%CI: 15.1; 67.7) times the chance of living to age 105 compared with population controls. These results emphasize the importance of consistently defining the longevity phenotype in terms of rarity of survival for appropriate comparisons across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Nussbaum
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mara J Black
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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40
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Broer L, van Duijn CM. GWAS and Meta-Analysis in Aging/Longevity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 847:107-25. [PMID: 25916588 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2404-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Longevity is an extremely complex phenotype that is determined by environment, life style and genetics. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have been a powerful tool to identify the genetic origin of other complex outcome with a similar heritability. In this chapter we discuss the findings all GWAS of longevity conducted to date. Various cut-off to define longevity have been used varying from 85+, 90+ and 100+ years and the impact of these difference are addressed in this chapter. The only consistent association emerging from GWAS to data is the APOE gene that has been already identified as a candidate gene. Although (GWAS) have identified biologically plausible genes and pathways, no new loci for longevity have been conclusively proven. A reason for not finding any replicated associations for longevity could be the complexity of the phenotype, although heterogeneity also underlies many other traits for which GWAS has been successful. One may argue that rare variants explain the high heritability of longevity and the segregation of the trait in families. Yet, whole genome analyses of GWAS data still suggest that over 80 % of the heritability is explained by common variants. Although findings of GWAS to date have been disappointing, there is ample opportunity to improve the statistical power of studies to find common variants with small effects. In the near future, joining of the published studies and new ones emerging may bring to surface new loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Broer
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, PO-Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands,
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Abstract
Alarmed by the sustainability of our health and social security systems, longevity has become a great societal challenge. In line with evolutionary logic we see a continuous increase of average life expectancy and maximal lifespan. Striving for a healthy old age, however, is an infelicitous expression as for human subjects the ageing process cannot be ultimately postponed. Not disregarding the huge variation in health trajectories, in old age we will all suffer from frailty and infirmity. As yet efforts of the biomedical arena are almost exclusively focused on stalling the ageing process and preventing dysfunction. Too little effort is spend on how to inspire and coach the great majority of people who still feel relatively well notwithstanding the presence of multiple age-related disorders. There is a strong rationale to separate the quest to live in good health for longer from actively and effectively negotiating the challenge of functional decline in old age. In particular, we emphasise a focus on adjusting the environment in order to correct the gene–environment mismatch that contributes to ill health. An additional strategy is to empower people to set ambitions and to realise appropriate goals, in spite of infirmity. Striving for vitality presents a striking opportunity to achieve subjective feelings of life satisfaction when ageing.
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Chichester L, Wylie AT, Craft S, Kavanagh K. Muscle heat shock protein 70 predicts insulin resistance with aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:155-62. [PMID: 24532784 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) protects cells from accumulating damaged proteins and age-related functional decline. We studied plasma and skeletal muscle (SkM) HSP70 levels in adult vervet monkeys (life span ≈ 25 years) at baseline and after 4 years (≈10 human years). Insulin, glucose, homeostasis model assessment scores, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and total plasma cholesterol, body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference were measured repeatedly, with change over time estimated by individual regression slopes. Low baseline SkM HSP70 was a proximal marker for developing insulin resistance and was seen in monkeys whose insulin and homeostasis model assessment increased more rapidly over time. Changes in SkM HSP70 inversely correlated with insulin and homeostasis model assessment trajectories such that a positive change in SkM level was beneficial. The strength of the relationship between changes in SkM HSP70 and insulin remained unchanged after adjustment for all covariates. Younger monkeys drove these relationships, with HSP70 alone being predictive of insulin changes with aging. Plasma and SkM HSP70 were unrelated and HSP70 release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was positively associated with insulin concentrations in contrast to SkM. Results from aged humans confirmed this positive association of plasma HSP70 and insulin. In conclusion, higher levels of SkM HSP70 protect against insulin resistance development during healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suzanne Craft
- Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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43
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Bendjilali N, Hsueh WC, He Q, Willcox DC, Nievergelt CM, Donlon TA, Kwok PY, Suzuki M, Willcox BJ. Who are the Okinawans? Ancestry, genome diversity, and implications for the genetic study of human longevity from a geographically isolated population. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69:1474-84. [PMID: 24444611 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated populations have advantages for genetic studies of longevity from decreased haplotype diversity and long-range linkage disequilibrium. This permits smaller sample sizes without loss of power, among other utilities. Little is known about the genome of the Okinawans, a potential population isolate, recognized for longevity. Therefore, we assessed genetic diversity, structure, and admixture in Okinawans, and compared this with Caucasians, Chinese, Japanese, and Africans from HapMap II, genotyped on the same Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 500K array. Principal component analysis, haplotype coverage, and linkage disequilibrium decay revealed a distinct Okinawan genome-more homogeneity, less haplotype diversity, and longer range linkage disequilibrium. Population structure and admixture analyses utilizing 52 global reference populations from the Human Genome Diversity Cell Line Panel demonstrated that Okinawans clustered almost exclusively with East Asians. Sibling relative risk (λs) analysis revealed that siblings of Okinawan centenarians have 3.11 times (females) and 3.77 times (males) more likelihood of centenarianism. These findings suggest that Okinawans are genetically distinct and share several characteristics of a population isolate, which are prone to develop extreme phenotypes (eg, longevity) from genetic drift, natural selection, and population bottlenecks. These data support further exploration of genetic influence on longevity in the Okinawans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Qimei He
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | | | | | - Timothy A Donlon
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii. Ohana Genetics, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Human Genetics, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan. Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan. Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
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Smith KR, Hanson HA, Norton MC, Hollingshaus MS, Mineau GP. Survival of offspring who experience early parental death: early life conditions and later-life mortality. Soc Sci Med 2014; 119:180-90. [PMID: 24530028 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We examine the influences of a set of early life conditions (ELCs) on all-cause and cause-specific mortality among elderly individuals, with special attention to one of the most dramatic early events in a child's, adolescent's, or even young adult's life, the death of a parent. The foremost question is, once controlling for prevailing (and potentially confounding) conditions early in life (family history of longevity, paternal characteristics (SES, age at time of birth, sibship size, and religious affiliation)), is a parental death associated with enduring mortality risks after age 65? The years following parental death may initiate new circumstances through which the adverse effects of paternal death operate. Here we consider the offspring's marital status (whether married; whether and when widowed), adult socioeconomic status, fertility, and later life health status. Adult health status is based on the Charlson Co-Morbidity Index, a construct that summarizes nearly all serious illnesses afflicting older individuals that relies on Medicare data. The data are based on linkages between the Utah Population Database and Medicare claims that hold medical diagnoses data. We show that offspring whose parents died when they were children, but especially when they were adolescents/young adults, have modest but significant mortality risks after age 65. What are striking are the weak mediating influences of later-life comorbidities, marital status, fertility and adult socioeconomic status since controls for these do little to alter the overall association. No beneficial effects of the surviving parent's remarriage were detected. Overall, we show the persistence of the effects of early life loss on later-life mortality and indicate the difficulties in addressing challenges at young ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken R Smith
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 675 Arapeen Suite 200, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Heidi A Hanson
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, USA
| | - Maria C Norton
- Department of Family Consumer and Human Development, Utah State University, USA; Department of Psychology, Utah State University, USA
| | | | - Geraldine P Mineau
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, USA
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Lehtovaara A, Schielzeth H, Flis I, Friberg U. Heritability of Life Span Is Largely Sex Limited in Drosophila. Am Nat 2013; 182:653-65. [DOI: 10.1086/673296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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46
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The association between adult mortality risk and family history of longevity: the moderating effects of socioeconomic status. J Biosoc Sci 2013; 46:703-16. [PMID: 24103415 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932013000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies consistently show that increasing levels of socioeconomic status (SES) and having a familial history of longevity reduce the risk of mortality. But do these two variables interact, such that individuals with lower levels of SES, for example, may experience an attenuated longevity penalty by virtue of having long-lived relatives? This article examines this interaction by analysing survival past age 40 based on data from the Utah Population Database on an extinct cohort of men born from the years 1840 to 1909. Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic regression are used to test for the main and interaction mortality effects of SES and familial excess longevity (FEL), a summary measure of an individual's history of longevity among his or her relatives. This research finds that the mortality hazard rate for men in the top 15th percentile of occupational status decreases more as FEL increases than it does among men in the bottom 15th percentile. In addition, the mortality hazard rate among farmers decreases more as FEL increases than it does for non-farmers. With a strong family history of longevity as a proxy for a genetic predisposition, this research suggests that a gene-environment interaction occurs whereby the benefits of familial excess longevity are more available to those who have occupations with more autonomy and greater economic resources and/or opportunities for physical activity.
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47
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Kim S, Welsh DA, Cherry KE, Myers L, Jazwinski SM. Association of healthy aging with parental longevity. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1975-1982. [PMID: 22986583 PMCID: PMC3776103 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Various measures incorporated in geriatric assessment have found their way into frailty indices (FIs), which have been used as indicators of survival/mortality and longevity. Our goal is to understand the genetic basis of healthy aging to enhance its evidence base and utility. We constructed a FI as a quantitative measure of healthy aging and examined its characteristics and potential for genetic analyses. Two groups were selected from two separate studies. One group (OLLP for offspring of long-lived parents) consisted of unrelated participants at least one of whose parents was age 90 or older, and the other group of unrelated participants (OSLP for offspring of short-lived parents), both of whose parents died before age 76. FI34 scores were computed from 34 common health variables and compared between the two groups. The FI34 was better correlated than chronological age with mortality. The mean FI34 value of the OSLP was 31 % higher than that of the OLLP (P = 0.0034). The FI34 increased exponentially, at an instantaneous rate that accelerated 2.0 % annually in the OLLP (P = 0.024) and 2.7 % in the OSLP (P < < 0.0001) consequently yielding a 63 % larger accumulation in the latter group (P = 0.0002). The results suggest that accumulation of health deficiencies over the life course is not the same in the two groups, likely due to inheritance related to parental longevity. Consistent with this, sib pairs were significantly correlated regarding FI34 scores, and heritability of the FI34 was estimated to be 0.39. Finally, hierarchical clustering suggests that the OLLP and OSLP differ in their aging patterns. Variation in the FI34 is, in part, due to genetic variation; thus, the FI34 can be a phenotypic measure suitable for genetic analyses of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Kim
- />Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-12, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - David A. Welsh
- />Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Katie E. Cherry
- />Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Leann Myers
- />Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - S. Michal Jazwinski
- />Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-12, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
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Di Cianni F, Campa D, Tallaro F, Rizzato C, De Rango F, Barale R, Passarino G, Canzian F, Gemignani F, Montesanto A, Landi S, Rose G. MAP3K7 and GSTZ1 are associated with human longevity: a two-stage case-control study using a multilocus genotyping. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1357-1366. [PMID: 22576335 PMCID: PMC3705096 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The pathways that regulate energy homeostasis, the mechanisms of damage repair, and the signaling response to internal environmental changes or external signals have been shown to be critical in modulating lifespan of model organisms and humans. In order to investigate whether genetic variation of genes involved in these pathways contribute to longevity, a two-stage case-control study in two independent sets of long-lived individuals from Calabria (Italy) was performed. In stage 1, 317 SNPs in 104 genes were analyzed in 78 cases (median age 98 years) and 71 controls (median age 67 years). In stage 2, 31 candidate SNPs identified in stage 1 (π markers = 0.1) were analyzed in an independent sample composed by 288 cases (median age 92 years) and 554 controls (median age 67 years). Two SNPs, rs282070 located in intron 1 of the MAP3K7 gene, and rs2111699 located in intron 1 of the GSTZ1 gene, were significantly associated (after adjustment for multiple testing) with longevity in stage 2 (p = 1.1 × 10(-3) and p = 1.4 × 10(-3), respectively). Interestingly, both genes are implicated in the cellular response to internal and external environmental changes, playing a crucial role in the inflammation processes that accompany aging. Our data confirm that long-lived subjects are endowed with genetic variants that allow them to optimize these cellular responses and to better deal with environmental and internal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausta Di Cianni
- />Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Daniele Campa
- />Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federica Tallaro
- />Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Cosmeri Rizzato
- />Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco De Rango
- />Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Roberto Barale
- />Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- />Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Federico Canzian
- />Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alberto Montesanto
- />Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Stefano Landi
- />Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rose
- />Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. Determinants of exceptional human longevity: new ideas and findings. VIENNA YEARBOOK OF POPULATION RESEARCH 2013; 11:295-323. [PMID: 25237329 PMCID: PMC4165392 DOI: 10.1553/populationyearbook2013s295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies of centenarians are useful in identifying factors leading to long life and avoidance of fatal diseases. In this article we consider several approaches to study effects of early-life and midlife conditions on survival to advanced ages: use of non-biological relatives as controls, the within-family analysis, as well as a sampling of controls from the same population universe as centenarians. These approaches are illustrated using data on American centenarians, their relatives and unrelated shorter-lived controls obtained from the online genealogies. The within-family analysis revealed that young maternal age at person's birth is associated with higher chances of exceptional longevity. Comparison of centenarians and their shorter-lived peers (died at age 65 and sampled from the same pool of online genealogies) confirmed that birth timing in the second half of the calendar year predicts survival to age 100. Parental longevity as well as some childhood and midlife characteristics also proved to be significant predictors of exceptional longevity.
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50
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Newman AB, Murabito JM. The epidemiology of longevity and exceptional survival. Epidemiol Rev 2013; 35:181-97. [PMID: 23372024 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxs013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of the "epidemiology of longevity" has been expanding rapidly in recent years. Several long-term cohort studies have followed older adults long enough to identify the most long-lived and to define many factors that lead to a long life span. Very long-lived people such as centenarians have been examined using case-control study designs. Both cohort and case-control studies have been the subject of genome-wide association studies that have identified genetic variants associated with longevity. With growing recognition of the importance of rare variations, family studies of longevity will be useful. Most recently, exome and whole-genome sequencing, gene expression, and epigenetic studies have been undertaken to better define functional variation and regulation of the genome. In this review, we consider how these studies are leading to a deeper understanding of the underlying biologic pathways to longevity.
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