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Somerville E, Yan Y, Stark S. A Process Evaluation of a Fall Prevention Intervention Using the RE-AIM Framework. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2024; 44:278-286. [PMID: 37401744 DOI: 10.1177/15394492231182398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home hazard removal programs are effective in reducing falls among older adults, but delivery in the United States is limited. OBJECTIVES We completed a process evaluation of the Home Hazard Removal Program (HARP), an intervention delivered by occupational therapists. METHODS Using the RE-AIM framework (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance), we examined outcomes using descriptive statistics and frequency distribution. We examined differences between covariates using Pearson correlation coefficients and two-sample t tests. RESULTS 79.1% of eligible older adults participated (reach); they experienced a 38% reduction in fall rates (effectiveness). Ninety percent of recommended strategies were completed (adoption), 99% of intervention elements were delivered (implementation), and 91% of strategies were still used at 12 months (maintenance). Participants received an average of 258.6 minutes of occupational therapy. An average of US$765.83 was spent per participant to deliver the intervention. CONCLUSIONS HARP has good reach, effectiveness, adherence, implementation, and maintenance and is a low-cost intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Yan
- Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
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2
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Lustosa LG, Rudoler D, Theou O, Dogra S. Leisure Sedentary Time is Associated with Self-Reported Falls in Middle-aged and Older Females and Males: an Analysis of the CLSA. Can Geriatr J 2023; 26:239-246. [PMID: 37265982 PMCID: PMC10198681 DOI: 10.5770/cgj.26.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this analysis was to report the prevalence of falls and falls-related injuries among those reporting different volumes of weekly sedentary time, and to understand the association of sedentary time and falls, accounting for functional fitness. Methods Baseline and first follow-up data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CSLA) were analyzed (n=22,942). Participants self-reported whether they had a fall in the past 12 months (at baseline) and whether they had an injury that was a result of a fall (follow-up). In-home interviews collected self-reported leisure sedentary time using the Physical Activity Scale for Elderly. Functional fitness was assessed using grip strength, timed-up-and-go, and chair rise tests during clinic visits. Results The prevalence of falls was higher among those who reported higher sedentary time. For example, among males aged 65 and older who reported lower sedentary time (<1,080 min/week), the prevalence of falls in the past 12 months (at baseline) was 7.8% compared to 9.8% in those reporting higher sedentary time. The odds of reporting a fall (at baseline) was 21% higher in those who reported higher sedentary time (OR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.11-1.33) in adjusted models. No associations were found between sedentary time and injuries due to a fall. Conclusions Reporting high volumes of sedentary time may increase the risk of falls. Future research using device-based estimates of total sedentary time and breaks in sedentary time is needed to further elucidate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcio G. Lustosa
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON
| | - David Rudoler
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON
| | - Olga Theou
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - Shilpa Dogra
- Faculty of Health Sciences (Kinesiology), Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON
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3
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Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki S, Sharifi F, Shahsavari H, Ghonoodi F, Philp I, Bahramnezhad F, Navab E. Predicting The Risk of Fall in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Iran. JOURNAL OF AGING AND ENVIRONMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26892618.2021.1918813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki
- Geriatric Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Shahsavari
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghonoodi
- Geriatric Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian Philp
- Honorary Professor in Healthcare for the Elderly, University of Suffolk, UK
| | - Fatemeh Bahramnezhad
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Spiritual Health Group, Research Center of Quran, Hadith and Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Navab
- Critical care and Geriatric Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lage I, Braga F, Almendra M, Meneses F, Teixeira L, Araujo O. Falls in older persons living alone: the role of individual, social and environmental factors. ENFERMERIA CLINICA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 32:396-404. [PMID: 35533981 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcle.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence and the risk factors of falling in older people (65+) living alone. METHOD This is a descriptive and transversal study which included 186 participants, aged 65+ living alone in community-dwelling. RESULTS The prevalence of falls was 80.1% (95% CI 74.1-85.8). Considering the last 3 months, the prevalence of falls reduced to 22.2% (95% CI 17.5-29.9) and the number of falls reported was 2.4 (sd = 2.1). Most falls were accidental (n = 74, 59.7%), followed by dizziness (n = 15, 12.1%) and almost 50% occurred in the morning (n = 53, 45.3%). Considering the local where the falls occurred, 70 (57.4%) were at home (36.1% inside and 21.3% outside), 41 on the street (33.6%) and only 11 (9.0%) in a public place (4.1% inside and 4.9% outside). After the fall, 30.9% of the participants changed daily life after an event. CONCLUSIONS Falls among older adults is a multifactorial problem that requires integrated and multiprofessional interventions. Older age, living alone in an urban area, with insufficient resources, reduced physical activity and a poor self-perception are factors associated with a higher risk of falling. Similarly, older people who have difficulty standing, sitting and rising from a chair, as well as being hypertensive and taking a high number of medications are associated with a high risk of falling. Future research should develop and emphasize more national studies to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Lage
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - Fátima Braga
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Portugal
| | | | - Filipe Meneses
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Portugal; School of Engineering, University of Minho, Portugal; Centro de Computação Gráfica, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Teixeira
- Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Odete Araujo
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Portugal; CINTESIS-Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal; Health Sciences Research Unit, Nursing (UICISA E: UMinho), Portugal.
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Accidental Falls in Patients with Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders: A Systematic Review. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2022; 12:30. [PMID: 36303814 PMCID: PMC9541119 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The significance of falls and their repercussions in Parkinson’s disease has been extensively researched. However, despite potentially serious effects on health and quality of life and negative impact on the healthcare system, there is not a sufficient understanding of the role of falls in hyperkinetic movement disorders (HKMDs). This review aims to provide an overview of the prevalence of falls, injuries, and preventive measures in the most common HKMDs. Methods: Studies up to May 1, 2022 were searched in PubMed using Medical Subjects Headings of relatively prevalent HKMDs associated with the terms “accidental falls”, “injuries”, “fractures”, and “accident prevention”. Results: In our review of 37 studies out of 155, we found evidence that for several HKMDs, such as spinocerebellar ataxia, essential tremor, Huntington’s disease, and dystonia, fall risk is increased. Falls were reported in up to 84% of spinocerebellar ataxia patients, 59% of essential tremor patients, and 79% of Huntington’s patients, with 65% of the latter falling frequently. Injuries occurred in up to 73% in Huntington and 74% in ataxia patients. Most of the common diseases characterized by HKMDs were investigated for both fall causes and consequences, but prevention studies were limited to spinocerebellar ataxia and Huntington’s disease. Discussion: The limited available data suggest that patients with several HKMDs can be considered to be at increased risk of falling and that the consequences can be serious. As a result, physicians should be advised to include fall exploration in their routine workup and provide advice for safer mobility. In general, more research into fall-related concerns in HKMDs is necessary. Highlights: In contrast to Parkinson’s disease, the prevalence of accidental falls, their repercussions, and preventive strategies are under-investigated in hyperkinetic movement disorders (HKMDs). Several HKMDs such as essential tremor, ataxia, and Huntington’s disease have reported fall rates of up to 84% and fall-related injury rates of up to 74%. Therefore, routine examinations of HKMD patients should include a fall exploration and provide advice on safe mobility.
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6
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Lage I, Braga F, Almendra M, Meneses F, Teixeira L, Araujo O. Caídas en personas mayores que viven solas: el papel de los factores individuales, sociales y medioambientales. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effect of Number of Household Members on Falls among Disabled Older People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105888. [PMID: 35627426 PMCID: PMC9141213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the effect of the number of cohabitating household members on falls among an disabled aging Korean population. Methods: We used data from the first to the fourth waves of the Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging. Using the first wave at baseline, data included 1414 individuals aged 45 years and older who needed assistance for performance of activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). We classified falls as overall falls, falls requiring medical treatment, and hip fractures caused by falls. The number of cohabitating family members was classified as none (living alone), one, two, or more. A generalized estimating equation with logit link was used to examine the association between the number of cohabitating household members with overall falls and injuries caused by falls. Results: Compared to living with two or more household members, living alone was associated with higher odds of overall falls, falls needing medical treatment, and hip fractures caused by falls (odds ratio (OR) 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–3.34; OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.28–3.53; OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.01–3.69, respectively). These associations were particularly strong in individuals with cognitive decline. Conclusions Living alone is associated with higher odds of overall falls, falls needing medical treatment, and hip fractures caused by falls, particularly for those with cognitive decline. Conclusions: Intervention programs to prevent falls in disabled, aging adults, especially those living alone and those with declined cognitive function, need to provide home care services and promote the use of safety equipment.
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Sedaghati P, Goudarzian M, Ahmadabadi S, Tabatabai-Asl SM. The impact of a multicomponent-functional training with postural correction on functional balance in the elderly with a history of falling. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:23. [PMID: 35233709 PMCID: PMC8888785 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Good posture plays a significant role for the elderly in achieving optimal quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of multicomponent functional training with postural correction on functional balance in the elderly with a history of falling. Methods This study was a randomized controlled, single-blind study. Subjects (n = 28, mean age = 70 years) with a history of falling were selected and randomly allocated to either a multicomponent functional training (n = 14) or a control group (n = 14). The experimental group exercised for 8 weeks, three days per week for 60 min per day. The training program with strength, endurance, and balance parts was conducted in the multi-task conditions to stimulate the physical and cognitive abilities focusing on the attentional-correct posture. The control group received conventional care. The Berg balance and short physical performance battery tests were used in the pre-test and post-test. The adjusted post-test means of experimental and control groups were analyzed using the ANCOVA test to eliminate any pretest effects. Results This study found a significant effect of training on Berg balance test (P = 0.001), Timed Up and Go with D-T (P = 0.01), Timed Up and Go (P = 0.002), and Short Physical Performance Battery (P = 0.001). Conclusions Eight weeks of multicomponent exercise training has beneficial effects on balance and physical function and results in improved equilibrium and a decreasing probability of falling. Therefore, practitioners can use this 8-week training program for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sedaghati
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IR, Iran.
| | - Maryam Goudarzian
- Iranian Research Center On Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, IR, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Ahmadabadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Tabatabai-Asl
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IR, Iran
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Guerreiro C, Botelho M, Fernández-Martínez E, Marreiros A, Pais S. Determining the Profile of People with Fall Risk in Community-Living Older People in Algarve Region: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042249. [PMID: 35206432 PMCID: PMC8871874 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One in three people aged 65 years or older falls every year. Injuries associated with this event among the older population are a major cause of pain, disability, loss of functional autonomy and institutionalization. This study aimed to assess mobility and fall risk (FR) in community-living older people and to determine reliable and independent measures (health, social, environmental and risk factors) that can predict the mobility loss and FR. In total, 192 participants were included, with a mean age of 77.93 ± 8.38. FR was assessed by EASY-Care (EC) Standard 2010, the Tinetti Test and the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES). An exploratory analysis was conducted using the divisive non-hierarchical cluster method, aiming to identify a differentiator and homogeneous group of subjects (optimal group of variables) and to verify if that group shows differences in fall risk. Individually, the health, social, environmental and risk factor categories were not found to be an optimal group; they do not predict FR. The most significant predictor variables were a mix of the different categories, namely, the presence of pain, osteoarthritis (OA), and female gender. The finding of a profile that allows health professionals to be able to quickly identify people at FR will enable a reduction in injuries and fractures resulting from falls and, consequently, the associated costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guerreiro
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABCRI), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.G.); (M.B.); (A.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Marta Botelho
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABCRI), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.G.); (M.B.); (A.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Elia Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Nursing, University of Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain
- Department of Nursing, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Marreiros
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABCRI), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.G.); (M.B.); (A.M.); (S.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Pais
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABCRI), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.G.); (M.B.); (A.M.); (S.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
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10
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Abey-Nesbit R, Schluter PJ, Wilkinson TJ, Thwaites JH, Berry SD, Allore H, Jamieson HA. Risk factors for injuries in New Zealand older adults with complex needs: a national population retrospective study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:630. [PMID: 34736406 PMCID: PMC8567659 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls and falls-related injuries are common among older adults. Injuries in older adults lead to poor outcomes and lower quality of life. The objective of our study was to identify factors associated with fall-related injuries among home care clients in New Zealand. METHODS The study cohort consisted of 75,484 community-dwelling people aged 65 years or older who underwent an interRAI home care assessment between June 2012 and June 2018 in New Zealand. The injuries included for analysis were fracture of the distal radius, hip fracture, pelvic fracture, proximal humerus fracture, subarachnoid haemorrhage, traumatic subdural haematoma, and vertebral fracture. Unadjusted and adjusted competing risk regression models were used to identify factors associated with fall-related injuries. RESULTS A total of 7414 (9.8%) people sustained a falls-related injury over the 6-year period, and most injuries sustained were hip fractures (4735 63.9%). The rate of injurious falls was 47 per 1000 person-years. The factors associated with injury were female sex, older age, living alone, Parkinson's disease, stroke/CVA, falls, unsteady gait, tobacco use, and being underweight. Cancer, dyspnoea, high BMI, and a decrease in the amount of food or fluid usually consumed, were associated with a reduced risk of sustaining an injury. After censoring hip fractures the risks associated with other types of injury were sex, age, previous falls, dyspnoea, tobacco use, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS While it is important to reduce the risk of falls, it is especially important to reduce the risk of falls-related injuries. Knowledge of risk factors associated with these types of injuries can help to develop focused intervention programmes and development of a predictive model to identify those who would benefit from intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Abey-Nesbit
- Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Philip J Schluter
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury-Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, Christchurch, New Zealand.,School of Clinical Medicine - Primary Care Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tim J Wilkinson
- Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Sarah D Berry
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather Allore
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hamish A Jamieson
- Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
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11
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Lin YC, Tseng IJ, Lu YC, Yang SW, Wu CC, Lin YN, Chan WP. Muscle Mass and Gait Characteristics in Older Women Fallers vs. Non-Fallers. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173924. [PMID: 34501372 PMCID: PMC8432046 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Falling is a major public health concern of elderly people. We aimed to determine if lean mass and spatiotemporal gait parameters could predict the risk of falling in elderly women and also study the relationships between lean mass and gait characteristics. Methods: Twenty-four community women were prospectively recruited (mean age, 72.30 ± 5.31 years). Lean mass was measured using dual-energy fan-beam X-ray absorptiometry. Gait characteristics were assessed using spatiotemporal analysis. Fall risks were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Falls Efficacy Scale-International. Fall histories were recorded. Appropriate statistical analyses were applied to determine lean mass and gait characteristics in predicting the risk of fall and the associations between lean mass and gait characteristics. Results: There were 14 participants (58.33%) with fall histories. Patients with fall histories had a significantly narrower base of support and lower BBS score. However, only the base of support was significantly associated with fall risk (odds ratio, 0.415; p = 0.022). Lean mass was significantly negatively associated with proportion of swing phase and positively associated with proportions of stance and double-support phases. Conclusion: Fall risk among elderly women can be predicted using base of support, where a narrower base predicts a greater fall risk. Although the lean mass was not related to risk of fall, lean mass is still related to some gait characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, Tayoun 33001, Taiwan;
| | - Ing-Jy Tseng
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chien Lu
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (S.-W.Y.)
| | - Shao-Wei Yang
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (S.-W.Y.)
| | - Chia-Chi Wu
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Nung Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan;
- Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wing P. Chan
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (S.-W.Y.)
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6(2)29307930 (ext. 1300); Fax: +886-6(2)29316809
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12
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Pai DR, Hosseini HM, Rosito SR. Determining the relative risk of hospitalisation and surgery of fall injury patients. Health Syst (Basingstoke) 2021; 11:288-302. [DOI: 10.1080/20476965.2021.1966323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh R. Pai
- Project and Supply Chain Management, Penn State Harrisburg, School of Business Administration, Middletown, PA, USA
| | - Hengameh M. Hosseini
- University of Scranton, Heath administration and Human Resources instead of Penn state school of public affairs,
| | - Stephen R. Rosito
- Health Administration, Penn State Harrisburg, School of Public Affairs, Middletown, PA, USA
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13
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Mahjong Playing and Leisure Physical Activity Alleviate Cognitive Symptoms in Older Community Residents. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:89-97. [PMID: 34388703 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leisure activities, particularly physically and cognitively stimulating leisure activities, mitigate cognitive decline. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between mahjong playing, leisure physical activity, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Older adults with and without MCI were recruited (n = 489, healthy group; and n = 187, MCI group). The regression results showed that years of mahjong playing (odds ratio = 0.595, 95% confidence interval [0.376, 0.961], p = .032) and physical activity (odds ratio = 0.572, 95% confidence interval [0.381, 0.849], p = .012) were associated with reduced odds of having MCI after adjusting for a series of covariates. Leisure physical activity and mahjong playing interacted with each other and produced combined effects on the odds of having MCI. Combined cognitive and physical interventions may produce larger benefits on cognition than either intervention alone.
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Ho HH, Fang IY, Yu YC, Huang YP, Kuo IL, Wang LT, Tsai MC, Chang SH, Hsueh MC. Is functional fitness performance a useful predictor of risk of falls among community-dwelling older adults? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:108. [PMID: 34144712 PMCID: PMC8212534 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Falls among older adults are a serious public health problem. Many studies indicate that positive functional fitness performance decreases the risk of falls. A limited amount of previous study has investigated the association between broad functional fitness and the fall risk. This study examines the associations between functional fitness and the risk of falling among community-dwelling older adults. Methods Three waves of cross-sectional data were collected from 2017 to 2019 in Taipei City, Taiwan. Six hundred sixty-five participants aged ≥65 years were randomly recruited from 12 districts of Taipei. Eight functional fitness tests (i.e., back scratch, chair-sit and-reach, 8-ft up-and-go, 30-s sit-to-stand, 30-s arm curl, 30-s single-leg stance, 2-min step, and hand grip strength tests) were performed to record the physical performance of older subjects. A Chinese version of the fall-risk questionnaire (FRQ) was used to calculate the fall risk scores. Linear regression and logistic regression were utilized to estimate the relationships of each functional fitness and fall risk. Result The results showed that 37.45% of older adults had a high risk of falling. It was found for each functional fitness that performance was linearly associated with the risk of falling. Moreover, older adults with low-performance levels in all functional fitness except back-scratching were more likely to have a higher risk of falling. Conclusions Our study indicated that functional fitness performance appears to provide valid predictive guidance for reducing the risk of falling among the older population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-021-00608-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Ho
- Department of Geriatric Care, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, 92, Shengjing Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - I-Yao Fang
- Physical Education Center, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 1, Nan-Tai Street, Yungkang Dist, Tainan, 710301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Yu
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, 129, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, 129, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Wang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chueh Tsai
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsi Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Heping East Road Section 1, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chun Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, 101, Jhongcheng Road Section 2, Taipei, 111, Taiwan
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15
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Moon S, Chung HS, Kim YJ, Kim SJ, Kwon O, Lee YG, Yu JM, Cho ST. The impact of urinary incontinence on falls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251711. [PMID: 34010311 PMCID: PMC8133449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies on the association between urinary incontinence (UI) and falls have reported conflicting results. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate and clarify this association through a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies. METHODS We performed a literature search for relevant studies in databases including PubMed and EMBASE from inception up to December 13, 2020, using several search terms related to UI and falls. Based on the data reported in these studies, we calculated the pooled odds ratios (ORs) for falls and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Mantel-Haenszel method. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 38 articles and a total of 230,129 participants. UI was significantly associated with falls (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.45-1.83). Subgroup analyses based on the age and sex of the participants revealed a significant association between UI and falls in older (≥65 years) participants (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.31-1.93), and in both men (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.57-2.25) and women (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.29-1.54). Subgroup analysis based on the definition of falls revealed a significant association between UI and falls (≥1 fall event) (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.42-1.82) and recurrent falls (≥2 fall events) (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.49-1.78). According to the UI type, a significant association between UI and falls was observed in patients with urgency UI (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.15-1.70) and those with stress UI (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.39-2.15). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis, which was based on evidence from a review of the published literature, clearly demonstrated that UI is an important risk factor for falls in both general and older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinje Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ohseong Kwon
- Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Goo Lee
- Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Myung Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Tae Cho
- Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Alabdullgader A, Rabbani U. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Falls Among the Elderly in Unaizah City, Saudi Arabia. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2021; 21:e86-e93. [PMID: 33777428 PMCID: PMC7968899 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2021.21.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Falls and fall-related consequences are a major public health problem in the elderly. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of falls and fall-related risk factors among elderly individuals in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and October 2019 among 280 elderly patients aged >60 years old attending 10 randomly selected primary healthcare centres in Unaizah City, Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using the validated 10-item Missouri Alliance for Home Care (MAHC-10) fall risk assessment tool. Results A total of 269 participants were included in the study (response rate: 96.1%). The prevalence of falls over the preceding year was 31.6%. Females fell more frequently than males (34.5% versus 28.5%) and most falls occurred indoors (84.7%). Various risk factors were associated with fall risk including being aged >80 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66–16.14), polypharmacy (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.01–5.71) and environmental factors (aOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.24–6.28). However, more educated participants had a lower risk of falling (aOR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09–0.77). There was also a significant association with the MAHC-10 fall risk score (P = 0.043). Conclusion There was a high prevalence of falls among the elderly in Unaizah City. Various factors were associated with falls including advanced age, polypharmacy, age-related changes and environmental factors. As the majority of fall events occurred indoors, home safety improvements are recommended. Moreover, additional larger-scale research is necessary regarding fall-related risk factors and fall prevention initiatives among elderly individuals in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Unaib Rabbani
- Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Alex D, Khor HM, Chin AV, Hairi NN, Cumming RG, Othman S, Khoo S, Kamaruzzaman SB, Tan MP. Factors Associated With Falls Among Urban-Dwellers Aged 55 Years and Over in the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) Study. Front Public Health 2020; 8:506238. [PMID: 33304870 PMCID: PMC7701238 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.506238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Falls are major issues affecting the older population with potentially serious complications, including fractures, head injury, institutionalization, fear of falling and depression. While risk factors for falls have been established across Western Europe and North America, geographical differences in falls risk have not been well researched. We aim to examine the clinical and physical risk factors for falls in a middle-income South East Asian country. Cross-sectional data from the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study involving 1,362 community dwelling individuals aged 55 years and above was utilized. Information on sociodemographic and medical history was obtained by computer-assisted questionnaires completed during home visits and hospital-based detailed health checks. Univariate and multivariate analyses compared non-fallers and fallers in the previous 12 months. Urinary incontinence, hearing impairment, depression, arthritis and cognitive impairment were risk factors for falls in the past 12 months after adjustment for age in our study population. Awareness about the risk factors in a population helps the design of fall prevention strategies that target specific or multiple risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Alex
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui M Khor
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ai V Chin
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noran N Hairi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Julius Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robert G Cumming
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sajaratulnisah Othman
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Selina Khoo
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul B Kamaruzzaman
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maw P Tan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Mackenzie L, Beavis AM, Tan ACW, Clemson L. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies with General Practitioner Involvement Focused on Falls Prevention for Community-Dwelling Older People. J Aging Health 2020; 32:1562-1578. [PMID: 32912102 DOI: 10.1177/0898264320945168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Falls are a significant health problem for the ageing population. This review aimed to identify effective falls prevention interventions with involvement of general practitioners (GPs). Methods: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials conducted from 1999-2019, with meta-analysis. Searches located 2736 articles. A quality assessment was conducted of all included studies. Results: 21 randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and 19 studies could be included in a meta-analysis. Overall, studies were not effective for reducing multiple falls (Relative Risk (RR) 1.16, 95% CI .97-1.39 and p = .10) or reducing one or more falls (RR .91, 95% CI: .82-1.01 and p = .08), but were effective for reducing injurious falls (RR .76, 95% CI: .66-.87 and p = .001). Discussion: Studies involving the GP in an active role and aligned with the primary care context were effective. The fidelity of interventions was limited by independent GP decisions and older participants being required to initiate the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Mackenzie
- Discipline of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, 4334The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Ann-Marie Beavis
- Discipline of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, 4334The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy C W Tan
- Ageing Work and Health Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, 4334The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindy Clemson
- Ageing Work and Health Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, 4334The University of Sydney, Australia
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19
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Gadelha AB, Neri SGR, Vainshelboim B, Ferreira AP, Lima RM. Dynapenic abdominal obesity and the incidence of falls in older women: a prospective study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:1263-1270. [PMID: 31489597 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynapenic abdominal obesity (D/AO) has been associated with negative outcomes in older people, including trait of falls. AIMS To assess the association between D/AO and the incidence of falls over 18 months in older community-dwelling women. METHODS A total of 201 older women (67.97 ± 6.02 years; 27.70 kg/m2) underwent waist circumference measurement, and had handgrip strength assessed using a hydraulic dynamometer. Dynapenia was classified using the lower tertile of handgrip strength, while abdominal obesity was considered as a waist circumference > 88 cm. D/AO was the combination of both aforementioned criteria. Volunteers were classified into four groups: normal, abdominal obesity, dynapenic, and D/AO. Participants were then tracked by phone calls for ascertainment of falls during a follow-up period of 18 months. Chi-square and multivariable Cox proportional regressions were conducted. RESULTS The overall incidence of falls over the follow-up was 27.5%; and for normal, dynapenic, abdominal obesity, and D/AO were 14.7%, 17.2%, 27.5%, and 40.4% (X2 = 8.341; P = 0.039), respectively. D/AO was associated with a higher risk of falls (hazard ratio: 3.595 [95% CI: 1.317-9.815], even after adjustments for age, body mass index, physical activity level, regular use of medications, peripheral sensation, chronic diseases, and history of lower-limbs pain. CONCLUSIONS D/AO is more closely related to falls than either dynapenia or abdominal obesity alone, and is independently associated with an increased incidence of falls in older women. These results provide support for the concept that the combined evaluation of muscle strength and central obesity may be clinically relevant in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Bonadias Gadelha
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano, Rod. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Km-2,5, Zona Rural, Urutaí, Goiás, 75790-000, Brazil.
| | - Silvia G R Neri
- Faculdade de Educação Física, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Baruch Vainshelboim
- Master of Cancer Care Program, School of Health Sciences, Saint Francis University, Loretto, PA, USA
| | | | - Ricardo M Lima
- Faculdade de Educação Física, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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20
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Ward RE, Quach L, Welch SA, Leveille SG, Leritz E, Bean JF. Interrelated Neuromuscular and Clinical Risk Factors That Contribute to Falls. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1526-1532. [PMID: 30721929 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromuscular and clinical factors contribute to falls among older adults, yet the interrelated nature of these factors is not well understood. We investigated the relationships between these factors and how they contribute to falls, which may help optimize fall risk assessment and prevention. METHODS A total of 365 primary care patients (age = 77 ± 7, 67% female) were included from the Boston Rehabilitative Impairment Study of the Elderly. Neuromuscular measures included leg strength and leg velocity, trunk extensor endurance, and knee range of motion. Clinical measures included memory, executive function, depressive symptoms, pain, sensory loss, vision, comorbidity, physical activity, mobility self-efficacy, and psychiatric medication. Factor analysis was used to evaluate clustering of factors. Negative binomial regression assessed the relationship of factors with three-year fall rate. Interactions were tested to examine whether clinical factors modified the relationship between neuromuscular factors and falls. RESULTS Three factors emerged: (i) neuromuscular factors, pain, and self-efficacy; (ii) memory; and (iii) executive function. Having three neuromuscular impairments predicted higher fall rate (incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval]: 3.39 [1.82-6.32]) but was attenuated by memory (1.69 [1.10-2.61]), mobility self-efficacy (0.99 [0.98-0.99]), psychiatric medication use (1.54 [1.10-2.14]), and pain (1.13 [1.04-1.23]). Pain modified the relationship between neuromuscular impairment burden (number of neuromuscular impairments) and falls. Having three neuromuscular impairments was associated with a higher fall rate in patients with high levels of pain (5.73 [2.46-13.34]) but not among those with low pain. CONCLUSIONS Neuromuscular impairment burden was strongly associated with fall rate in older adults with pain. These factors should be considered together during fall risk assessment, post fall assessment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Ward
- New England Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Massachusetts.,Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lien Quach
- New England Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Massachusetts.,Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah A Welch
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Suzanne G Leveille
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Leritz
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA Boston Healthcare System, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan F Bean
- New England Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Massachusetts.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Abstract
An ageing population raises the question of providing adequate housing that enables older people to age in place without losing autonomy and independence. Except for the issue of accessibility, no framework exists that specifically outlines a standard to achieve and, as a result, interventions on existing or on new buildings may be inconsistent without leading to a desired rise in living standards. This research addresses this issue by presenting a framework for the assessment of the age-appropriateness of housing through a number of metrics that detect and identify physical and non-physical features of a home environment to enable ageing in place. The study combines data from a qualitative systematic literature review of 93 papers and qualitative data from structured interviews with four experts in the field. As a result, 71 metrics were identified, divided into eight main domains, to describe the framework. This paper provides an improved understanding of the housing features that enable ageing in place. The tool categorizes and rates qualitative and quantitative aspects that contribute to the age-friendliness of housing, resulting in an easy to adopt assessment framework. This is a valuable means for stakeholders engaged in improving the current housing stock or in constructing new buildings for older people.
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22
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Johnson SL, Stevens SL, Fuller DK, Caputo JL. Effect of Lower-Extremity Eccentric Training on Physical Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02703181.2019.1648626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Johnson
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA
| | - Sandra L. Stevens
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA
| | - Dana K. Fuller
- Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Caputo
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA
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23
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Zathar Z, Karunatilleke A, Fawzy AM, Lip GYH. Atrial Fibrillation in Older People: Concepts and Controversies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:175. [PMID: 31440508 PMCID: PMC6694766 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest cardiac rhythm abnormality and has a significant disease burden. Amongst its devastating complications is stroke, the risk of which increases with age. The stroke risk in an older person with AF is therefore tremendous, and oral-anticoagulation (OAC) therapy is central to minimizing this risk. The presence of age-associated factors such as frailty and multi-morbidities add complexity to OAC prescription decisions in older patients and often, OAC is needlessly withheld from them despite a lack of evidence to support this practice. Generally, this is driven by an over-estimation of the bleeding risk. This review article provides an overview of the concepts and controversies in managing AF in older people, with respect to the existing evidence and current practice. A literature search was conducted on Pubmed and Cochrane using keywords, and relevant articles published by the 1st of May 2019 were included. The article will shed light on common misconceptions that appear to serve as rationale for precluding OAC and focus on clinical considerations that may aid OAC prescription decisions where appropriate, to optimize AF management using an integrated, multi-disciplinary care approach. This is crucial for all patients, particularly older individuals who are most vulnerable to the deleterious consequences of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafraan Zathar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Karunatilleke
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ameenathul M Fawzy
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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24
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Yang Y, Hirdes JP, Dubin JA, Lee J. Fall Risk Classification in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using a Smart Wrist-Worn Device and the Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care: Prospective Observational Study. JMIR Aging 2019; 2:e12153. [PMID: 31518278 PMCID: PMC6716444 DOI: 10.2196/12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about whether off-the-shelf wearable sensor data can contribute to fall risk classification or complement clinical assessment tools such as the Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (RAI-HC). Objective This study aimed to (1) investigate the similarities and differences in physical activity (PA), heart rate, and night sleep in a sample of community-dwelling older adults with varying fall histories using a smart wrist-worn device and (2) create and evaluate fall risk classification models based on (i) wearable data, (ii) the RAI-HC, and (iii) the combination of wearable and RAI-HC data. Methods A prospective, observational study was conducted among 3 faller groups (G0, G1, G2+) based on the number of previous falls (0, 1, ≥2 falls) in a sample of older community-dwelling adults. Each participant was requested to wear a smart wristband for 7 consecutive days while carrying out day-to-day activities in their normal lives. The wearable and RAI-HC assessment data were analyzed and utilized to create fall risk classification models, with 3 supervised machine learning algorithms: logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest (RF). Results Of 40 participants aged 65 to 93 years, 16 (40%) had no previous falls, whereas 8 (20%) and 16 (40%) had experienced 1 and multiple (≥2) falls, respectively. Level of PA as measured by average daily steps was significantly different between groups (P=.04). In the 3 faller group classification, RF achieved the best accuracy of 83.8% using both wearable and RAI-HC data, which is 13.5% higher than that of using the RAI-HC data only and 18.9% higher than that of using wearable data exclusively. In discriminating between {G0+G1} and G2+, RF achieved the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.894 (overall accuracy of 89.2%) based on wearable and RAI-HC data. Discrimination between G0 and {G1+G2+} did not result in better classification performance than that between {G0+G1} and G2+. Conclusions Both wearable data and the RAI-HC assessment can contribute to fall risk classification. All the classification models revealed that RAI-HC outperforms wearable data, and the best performance was achieved with the combination of 2 datasets. Future studies in fall risk assessment should consider using wearable technologies to supplement resident assessment instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - John P Hirdes
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joel A Dubin
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joon Lee
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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25
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Patry A, Vincent C, Duval C, Careau E. Psychometric properties of home accessibility assessment tools: A systematic review. The Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 2019; 86:172-184. [PMID: 31023068 DOI: 10.1177/0008417418824731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Although home environment assessments are commonly performed by occupational therapists working in home care, use of nonstandardized measures created in-house or lack of measure use can cast a shadow over the quality of these assessments for people with disabilities. To ensure quality of home environment assessments, occupational therapists need standardized measures with demonstrated psychometric properties. PURPOSE. This study provides a critical appraisal of objective accessibility measures of the home environment. METHOD. A systematic review was undertaken for which three databases-CINAHL, PubMed, and Embase-were searched to identify accessibility measures of the home environment and evaluate their psychometric properties. Two authors independently assessed the quality of selected studies using the critical appraisal form for psychometric articles. FINDINGS. Ten studies discussing seven accessibility measures were identified and selected for this review. No measures showed strong evidence of both good reliability and validity. Only one study addressed the responsiveness of a measure of accessibility. IMPLICATIONS. As occupational therapists are specialists of the person-environment relationship, the lack of evidence of the psychometric properties of objective accessibility measures of the home environment harms evidence-based occupational therapy practice. This review identified the most promising assessment tools, but further research is needed.
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Blanchet R, Edwards N. A need to improve the assessment of environmental hazards for falls on stairs and in bathrooms: results of a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:272. [PMID: 30413144 PMCID: PMC6234792 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls occurring on stairs or in bathrooms are associated with a high risk of injuries among older adults. Home environmental assessments are frequently used to guide fall-prevention interventions. The aims of this review were to describe how, where, by whom, and for whom environmental hazard checklists are used, and to examine the characteristics of environmental hazard assessment checklists with specific attention to features of bathrooms and stairs/steps assessed in them. METHODS Studies published before January 5, 2018, were identified using several databases. Publications reporting the use and/or evaluation of environmental hazard checklists were eligible if they assessed bathrooms or stairs/steps in homes of older adults (≥65 years). Content analysis was conducted on publications that provided a complete list of specific environmental hazards assessed. Checklist items related to bathrooms and stairs/steps were extracted and categorized as structural or non-structural and as objective or subjective. RESULTS 1119 studies were appraised. A pool of 136 published articles and 4 checklists from the grey literature were included in this scoping review. Content analysis was conducted on 42 unique checklists. There was no widely used checklist and no obvious consensus definition of either environmental hazards overall or of single hazards listed in checklists. Checklists varied greatly with respect to what rooms were assessed, whether or not outdoor stair/steps hazards were assessed, and how responses were coded. Few checklists examined person-environment fit. The majority of checklists were not oriented towards structural hazards in bathrooms. Although the majority of checklists assessing stair/steps hazards evaluated structural hazards, most features assessed were not related to the construction geometry of stairs/steps. Objective features of bathrooms and stairs/steps that would deem them safe were rarely specified. Rather, adequacy of their characteristics was mostly subjectively determined by the evaluator with little or no guidance or training. CONCLUSION The lack of standard definitions and objective criteria for assessing environmental hazards for falls is limiting meaningful cross-study comparisons and slowing advances in this field. To inform population health interventions aimed at preventing falls, such as building code regulations or municipal housing by-laws, it is essential to include objectively-assessed structural hazards in environmental checklists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Blanchet
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, 1 Stewart Street, Room 212, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Nancy Edwards
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, 1 Stewart Street, Room 205, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada
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The Association Between Overactive Bladder and Falls and Fractures: A Systematic Review. Adv Ther 2018; 35:1831-1841. [PMID: 30255417 PMCID: PMC6223978 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-018-0796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Urinary symptoms are associated with an increased risk of falls, but few studies have focused on patients with overactive bladder (OAB). This study aimed to synthesize estimates of the risk of falls and fractures in patients with OAB. Methods Medline, EMBASE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus were systematically searched for observational studies that focused on patients with OAB. When available, data from a non-OAB comparison sample were included. Double independent review and data extraction were performed. Falls and fractures data were summarized by unadjusted and adjusted risks, and percent attributable risk (PAR) of falls and fractures associated with OAB. Results Fifteen studies were included in the analyses. The proportion of patients with OAB experiencing at least one fall over a year ranged from 18.9% to 50.0%, and the proportion of patients with OAB experiencing recurrent or serious falls ranged from 10.2% to 56.0%. In studies that included a non-OAB comparison sample, a higher risk of falls was observed in patients with OAB compared to those without. A significantly increased (1.3- to 2.3-fold) adjusted OAB-associated risk of falls was reported, while unadjusted PARs for OAB associated falls ranged from 3.7% to 15.5%. Risk was higher among women and those 65 years of age or older. While analysis of fractures showed elevated point estimates, most studies were underpowered to detect a statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusions Evidence from the published literature clearly demonstrates the importance of OAB and its symptoms as risk factors for falls and fractures. Funding Astellas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12325-018-0796-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Stages of sarcopenia and the incidence of falls in older women: A prospective study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 79:151-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Safarpour M, Hosseini SR, Mohamadzade M, Bijani A, Fotouhi A. Predictors of Incidence of Fall in Elderly Women; A Six-Month Cohort Study. Bull Emerg Trauma 2018; 6:226-232. [PMID: 30090818 PMCID: PMC6078482 DOI: 10.29252/beat-060307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the incidence and predictive factors of the falls in elderly women in Northern Iran. Methods: A total of 717 elderly women aged 60 years and above in Amirkola, Northern of Iran participated in this study. Age, history of falls during the 12 months leading to the study, accompanying diseases, status of balance, cognitive status, orthostatic hypotension, state of depressive symptoms, strength of quadriceps muscles and serum vitamin D level were assessed as independent variables during baseline measurement. Incidence of fall (dependent variable) was recorded during a six-month follow-up period. Results: Of the participants, 7.8% had experience of fall, out of which 50.0% experienced it once, 25.0% twice, and the rest three times or more. With aging, the incidence of orthostatic hypotension also increased and symptomatic depression became aggravated. In the final model, the variables of the number of accompanying diseases (RR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.00-3.18), severe cognitive impairment (RR=12.70, 95% CI: 3.05-52.86), and depressive symptoms (RR=3.19, 95% CI: 1.48-6.86) remained as strong associated variables for incidence of fall. Conclusion: With increasing severity of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment along with the comorbidities, incidence of fall also increases in the elderly. Thus, psychological aspects of the elderly and comorbidities in this group should be taken care of seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Safarpour
- Health Deputy, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Ali Bijani
- Children's Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Predictors of falls in older survivors of breast and prostate cancer: A retrospective cohort study of surveillance, epidemiology and end results-Medicare health outcomes survey linkage. J Geriatr Oncol 2018; 10:89-97. [PMID: 29752141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify predictors of falls in older breast and prostate cancer survivors. METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (SEER-MHOS) linkage. Inclusion criteria were age >65 years at cancer diagnosis, first primary female breast or prostate cancer, cancer staging information available, completion of baseline MHOS during years 2-3 and follow-up MHOS during years 4-5 post-diagnosis, and falls information available. Data from 437 breast and 660 prostate cancer survivors were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was constructed to evaluate variables from baseline MHOS with relation to falls from follow-up MHOS. Model accuracy was assessed using area under receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS At follow-up MHOS, 26% of breast and 22% of prostate cancer survivors reported falls in the past 12 months. In breast cancer, a history of falls (odds ratio (OR) = 4.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.44-10.04) and sensory impairment in feet (OR = 3.33, 95%CI = 1.51-7.32) were significant predictors of falls. In prostate cancer, a history of falls (OR = 3.04, 95%CI = 1.79-5.15), unmarried (OR = 1.82, 95%CI = 1.12-2.95), lower physical summary score of quality-of-life(OR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.94-0.98), urinary incontinence (OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.08-2.65), older age at diagnosis (OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.01-1.09), and shorter time post-diagnosis (OR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.93-0.99) were significant predictors of falls. AUC was 0.67 and 0.77 for breast and prostate cancer, respectively, indicating moderate accuracy of models in detecting fallers. CONCLUSIONS Asking older breast and prostate cancer survivors about falls in the past 12 months is imperative in fall prevention. Further examination of deficits specific to each cancer is necessary to assess fall risks.
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Sohn K, Lee CK, Shin J, Lee J. Association between Female Urinary Incontinence and Geriatric Health Problems: Results from Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2006). Korean J Fam Med 2018; 39:10-14. [PMID: 29383206 PMCID: PMC5788839 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2018.39.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary incontinence (UI) is highly prevalent in the aging population. UI is one of the most common geriatric syndromes and affects overall health, quality of life, and economical burden in patients. The aims of this study were to investigate the characteristics of patients with UI and to assess its association with other geriatric health problems. Methods We used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing obtained in 2006. Among the 10,254 individuals aged 45 years and older, we analyzed data from 2,418 women aged 65 years and older. Data were obtained using questionnaires for UI, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors. Results Among the 2,418 women aged 65 years and older, 506 (20.9%) had UI. Cerebrovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 3.23), arthritis (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.77), and fear of falling (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.22) were significantly associated with UI, while chronic lung disease, psychiatric disease, difficulty in daily living due to visual and hearing problems, and experiencing a fall in the last 2 years were not associated with UI. Conclusion Cerebrovascular disease, arthritis, and especially fear of falls were significantly associated with UI in elderly Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjin Sohn
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Ki Lee
- Department of Urology, Pyeongchang Health Center and County Hospital, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungkwon Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lyons BP, Hall RJ. Outcomes of a Falls Prevention Education Program Among Older Adults in Grenada. J Community Health 2018; 41:1021-6. [PMID: 27013223 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-016-0185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Latin America and the Caribbean, there is a scarcity of data on falls, the leading cause of death as a result of unintentional injuries, among older adults aged 65+ years of age. By 2050, 80 % of the 2 billion older adults worldwide are expected to be living in this region; therefore, it is imperative that this issue receive urgent attention from community health practitioners, health educators and policy makers. Guided by Pillar 1-awareness of the WHO fall prevention model for community-dwelling older adults, the purpose of this paper was to describe the feasibility of implementing a falls prevention awareness educational initiative in the Eastern Caribbean Island of Grenada. Sixty-two older adults, average age 67, participated in a falls awareness workshop. An anonymous pre-workshop falls assessment checklist was distributed to establish baseline information followed by an interactive workshop. Eight fall risks were identified and 52 % of the participants reported a history of falls. Based on the group's eagerness to participate, we are encouraged that falls prevention intervention initiatives are feasible among others of similar characteristics in Grenada and plan to implement Pillar II-objective falls assessment and Pillar III-on-going interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly P Lyons
- Master of Public Administration Program, LIU-Brooklyn, One University Plaza, H-700, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Raphael J Hall
- Radiologic Technology and Medical Imaging Program, New York City College of Technology, 300 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
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Badowski ME. A review of oral cannabinoids and medical marijuana for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a focus on pharmacokinetic variability and pharmacodynamics. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:441-449. [PMID: 28780725 PMCID: PMC5573753 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Oral cannabinoids (i.e., dronabinol, nabilone) containing the active component of marijuana, delta(Δ)9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are available for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with cancer who have failed to adequately respond to conventional antiemetic therapy. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of oral cannabinoids for patients with CINV. Methods A PubMed search of the English-language literature available through 4 January 2017 was conducted to identify relevant articles for inclusion in the review. Results Oral cannabinoids have been shown to have similar or improved efficacy compared with conventional antiemetics for the resolution of nausea and/or vomiting in patients with cancer. However, oral THC has high PK variability, with variability in oral dronabinol peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) estimated between 150 and 200%. A new oral dronabinol solution has decreased intraindividual variability (area under the curve) vs oral dronabinol capsules. Further, oral THC has a slower time to Cmax compared with THC administered intravenously (IV) or by smoking, and a lower systemic availability than IV or smoked THC. The PD profile (e.g., “high”) of oral THC differs from that of IV or smoked THC in healthy individuals. Oral cannabinoids are associated with greater incidence of adverse effects compared with conventional antiemetic therapy or placebo (e.g., dizziness, hypotension, and dysphoria or depression). Conclusions A new formulation of oral cannabinoids (i.e., dronabinol oral solution) minimized the PK/PD variability currently observed with capsule formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Badowski
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 S. Wood St M/C 886, Room 164, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Kim JC, Chon J, Kim HS, Lee JH, Yoo SD, Kim DH, Lee SA, Han YJ, Lee HS, Lee BY, Soh YS, Won CW. The Association Between Fall History and Physical Performance Tests in the Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Ann Rehabil Med 2017; 41:239-247. [PMID: 28503457 PMCID: PMC5426269 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2017.41.2.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between baseline characteristics, three physical performance tests and fall history in a sample of the elderly from Korean population. Methods A total of 307 participants (mean age, 76.70±4.85 years) were categorized into one of two groups, i.e., fallers and non-fallers. Fifty-two participants who had reported falling unexpectedly at least once in the previous 12 months were assigned to the fallers group. Physical performance tests included Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go test. The differences between the two study groups were compared and we analyzed the correlations between fall histories and physical performance tests. Results SPPB demonstrated a significant association with fall history. Although the BBS total scores did not show statistical significance, two dynamic balance test items of BBS (B12 and B13) showed a significant association among fallers. Conclusion This study suggests that SPPB and two dynamic balance test items of the BBS can be used in screening for risk of falls in an ambulatory elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chul Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinmann Chon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Sang Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ha Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Don Yoo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ah Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bae Youl Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Soo Soh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Hoffman GJ, Hays RD, Wallace SP, Shapiro MF, Ettner SL. Depressive symptomatology and fall risk among community-dwelling older adults. Soc Sci Med 2017; 178:206-213. [PMID: 28279573 PMCID: PMC5411980 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Falls are common among older adults and may be related to depressive symptoms (DS). With advancing age, there is an onset of chronic conditions, sensory impairments, and activity limitations that are associated with falls and with depressive disorders. Prior cross-sectional studies have observed significant associations between DS and subsequent falls as well as between fractures and subsequent clinical depression and DS. OBJECTIVE The directionality of these observed relationship between falls and DS is in need of elaboration given that cross-sectional study designs can yield biased estimates of the DS-falls relationship. METHODS Using 2006-2010 Health and Retirement Study data, cross-lagged panel structural equation models were used to evaluate associations between falls and DS among 7233 community-dwelling adults ages ≥65. Structural coefficients between falls and DS (in 2006→2008, 2008→2010) were estimated. RESULTS A good-fitting model was found: Controlling for baseline (2006) physical functioning, vision, chronic conditions, and social support and neighborhood social cohesion, falls were not associated with subsequent DS, but a 0.5 standard deviation increase in 2006 DS was associated with a 30% increase in fall risk two years later. This DS-falls relationship was no longer significant when use of psychiatric medications, which was positively associated with falls, was included in the model. CONCLUSION Using sophisticated methods and a large U.S. sample, we found larger magnitudes of effect in the DS-falls relationship than in prior studies-highlighting the risk of falls for older adults with DS. Medical providers might assess older individuals for DS as well as use of psychotropic medications as part of a broadened falls prevention approach. National guidelines for fall risk assessments as well as quality indicators for fall prevention should include assessment for clinical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J Hoffman
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 N. Ingalls Street, Room 4352, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Ron D Hays
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, United States
| | - Steven P Wallace
- Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, United States
| | - Martin F Shapiro
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, United States
| | - Susan L Ettner
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, United States
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Shubert TE, Goto LS, Smith ML, Jiang L, Rudman H, Ory MG. The Otago Exercise Program: Innovative Delivery Models to Maximize Sustained Outcomes for High Risk, Homebound Older Adults. Front Public Health 2017; 5:54. [PMID: 28386536 PMCID: PMC5362608 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is estimated one in two adults age 80 and over fall each year, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality rates among this oldest-old population. The Otago Exercise program (OEP) is an evidence-based fall prevention program shown to reduce falls by 35% among high-risk older adults. The OEP was designed to be delivered in the home by physical therapists. This model has encountered multiple implementation challenges in the United States health-care system, which has resulted in the development and testing of innovative models to support a broader reach and dissemination of this program. Methods The Northwest Senior and Disability Services is an Area Agency on Aging (AAA) serving a five-county region in Oregon. This AAA developed a model where a Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) and exercise physiologist delivered the OEP with a physical therapist available to consult on all cases. Physical function assessments and self-reported perceptions about physical function were collected at baseline and 6 months. Results Baseline measures were collected on 239 participants enrolled in the OEP, and 62 participants at 6 months. Those who completed 6 months of the OEP demonstrated significant improvements in all physical function assessments and self-perceived functional improvements. A subset of this group that demonstrated improvements in the ability to rise from a chair also reported significantly fewer falls during the 6-month intervention. Conclusion Innovative models in which the OEP exercise sessions are delivered by non-physical therapists appear to be effective in improving physical performance measures and decreasing fall risk over a 6-month period. Because these models do not require a physical therapist, they may require fewer resources to implement. These findings have implications to inform implementation and dissemination strategies to bring the OEP to scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany E Shubert
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; School of Physical Therapy, South College, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Lavinia Spring Goto
- Health Services Administration Program, University of Phoenix-Oregon Campus , Salem, OR , USA
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, Institute of Gerontology, The University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Luohua Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA , USA
| | - Holly Rudman
- Northwest Senior and Disability Services , Salem, OR , USA
| | - Marcia G Ory
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M School of Public Health , College Station, TX , USA
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Morsch P, Myskiw M, Myskiw JDC. Falls' problematization and risk factors identification through older adults' narrative. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2016; 21:3565-3574. [PMID: 27828589 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320152111.06782016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Falling is an important event for older adults as they might cause physical and psychological impairment, institutionalization and increased mortality risk. Adherence in falls prevention programs depends on older adults' perceptions in relation to falling. The current study aims to investigate the fall problematization and older adults' perception about the risk factors for falls. This is an exploratory qualitative research, conducted through content analysis approach. The sample consisted of older adults aged 60 years and older who participate in community groups in Porto Alegre (Brazil), and professors from two local universities. Final sample consisted of 22 participants, mean age was 70.2 ± 7.1. Coding and interpretation of data resulted in two thematic categories, named: falls' problematization and the perception of the risk factors for falling. The first category highlights that many older adults do not realize falling as a potential problem, which suggests that current preventive measures may not be reaching the target population. The second category shows that older adults' perceptions in relation to the risk factors exist, but often they are not avoided, because older adults consider their ability to "take care" as the main method of prevention, and due to the multifactorial nature of falls, this cannot be considered an efficient solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Morsch
- Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga 6681, Partenon. 90619-900 Porto Alegre RS Brasil.
| | - Mauro Myskiw
- Escola Superior de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre RS Brasil
| | - Jociane de Carvalho Myskiw
- Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga 6681, Partenon. 90619-900 Porto Alegre RS Brasil.
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Amacher AE, Nast I, Zindel B, Schmid L, Krafft V, Niedermann K. Experiences of general practitioners, home care nurses, physiotherapists and seniors involved in a multidisciplinary home-based fall prevention programme: a mixed method study. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:469. [PMID: 27595748 PMCID: PMC5011799 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The feasibility of effective fall prevention programmes (FPPs) for use in daily clinical practice needs to be assessed in the specific healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived benefits and barriers of an evidence-based, home-based pilot FPP among the involved seniors, general practitioners (GPs), home care nurses (HCNs) and physiotherapists (PTs), in order to develop tailored implementation strategies. METHODS The study was a mixed method study using an 'exploratory sequential design'. In the initial qualitative sequence, semi-structured interviews were performed with four participants from each group and analysed using a deductive content analysis. In the successive quantitative sequence, target group specific postal surveys were conducted with all participants. The triangulation of both steps allowed merging the in-depth experiences from the interviews with the general findings from the survey. RESULTS In this evaluation study participated 17 seniors (mean age 79.7 (SD +/-6.2) years). 40 GPs, 12 HCNs and four PTs. All were satisfied with the organization and processes of the FPP. The main benefit, perceived by each target group, was the usefulness of the FPP in detecting risk of falling at the senior's home. A low number of recruiting GPs and HCNs, divergent opinions of the health professionals towards the aim of the FPP as well as no perceived need for changes by the seniors were the most important barriers to the participation of (more) seniors. CONCLUSIONS Multidisciplinary home-based fall prevention is a useful approach to detect the risk of falling in seniors. The barriers identified need to be resolved through tailored strategies to facilitate the successful nationwide implementation of this pilot FPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid E Amacher
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Technikumstr. 71, Winterthur, 8401, Switzerland
| | - Irina Nast
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Technikumstr. 71, Winterthur, 8401, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Zindel
- Swiss League Against Rheumatism, Josefstr. 92, Zurich, 8005, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Schmid
- Department of Rheumatology, Central Hospital of Lucerne, 6000, Lucerne 16, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Krafft
- Swiss League Against Rheumatism, Josefstr. 92, Zurich, 8005, Switzerland
| | - Karin Niedermann
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Technikumstr. 71, Winterthur, 8401, Switzerland.
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Pérez-Zepeda MU, González-Chavero JG, Salinas-Martinez R, Gutiérrez-Robledo LM. RISK FACTORS FOR SLOW GAIT SPEED: A NESTED CASE-CONTROL SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF THE MEXICAN HEALTH AND AGING STUDY. J Frailty Aging 2016; 4:139-43. [PMID: 26889463 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2015.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical performance tests play a major role in the geriatric assessment. In particular, gait speed has shown to be useful for predicting adverse outcomes. However, risk factors for slow gait speed (slowness) are not clearly described. OBJECTIVES To determine risk factors associated with slowness in Mexican older adults. DESIGN A two-step process was adopted for exploring the antecedent risk factors of slow gait speed. First, the cut-off values for gait speed were determined in a representative sample of Mexican older adults. Then, antecedent risk factors of slow gait speed (defined using the identified cut-points) were explored in a nested, cohort case-control study. SETTING PARTICIPANTS One representative sample of a cross-sectional survey for the first step and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (a cohort characterized by a 10-year follow-up). MEASUREMENTS A 4-meter usual gait speed test was conducted. Lowest gender and height-stratified groups were considered as defining slow gait speed. Sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, psychological and health-care related variables were explored to find those associated with the subsequent development of slow gait speed. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS In the final model, age, diabetes, hypertension, and history of fractures were associated with the development of slow gait speed. CONCLUSIONS Early identification of subjects at risk of developing slow gait speed may halt the path to disability due to the robust association of this physical performance test with functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Pérez-Zepeda
- Clinical and Epidemiologic Research Department at Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, México
| | - J G González-Chavero
- Centro Regional para el Estudio del Adulto Mayor, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "Doctor José Eleuterio González", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - R Salinas-Martinez
- Centro Regional para el Estudio del Adulto Mayor, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "Doctor José Eleuterio González", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - L M Gutiérrez-Robledo
- Clinical and Epidemiologic Research Department at Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, México
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Farragher J, Rajan T, Chiu E, Ulutas O, Tomlinson G, Cook WL, Jassal SV. Equivalent Fall Risk in Elderly Patients on Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2015; 36:67-70. [PMID: 26634565 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2014.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED ♦ BACKGROUND Accidental falls are common in the hemodialysis (HD) population. The high fall rate has been attributed to a combination of aging, kidney disease-related morbidity, and HD treatment-related hazards. We hypothesized that patients maintained on peritoneal dialysis (PD) would have fewer falls than those on chronic HD. The objective of this study was to compare the falls risk between cohorts of elderly patients maintained on HD and PD, using prospective data from a large academic dialysis facility. ♦ METHODS Patients aged 65 years or over on chronic in-hospital HD and PD at the University Health Network were recruited. Patients were followed biweekly, and falls occurring within the first year recorded. Fall risk between the 2 groups was compared using both crude and adjusted Poisson lognormal random effects modeling. ♦ RESULTS Out of 258 potential patients, 236 were recruited, assessed at baseline, and followed biweekly for falls. Of 74 PD patients, 40 (54%) experienced 86 falls while 76 out of 162 (47%) HD patients experienced a total of 305 falls (crude fall rate 1.25 vs 1.60 respectively, odds ratio [OR] falls in PD patients 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61 - 0.92, p = 0.04). After adjustment for differences in comorbidity, number of medications, and other demographic differences, PD patients were no less likely to experience accidental falls than HD patients (OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.88 - 3.04, p = 0.1). ♦ CONCLUSIONS We conclude that accidental falls are equally common in the PD population and the HD population. These data argue against post-HD hypotension as the sole contributor to the high fall risk in the dialysis population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Farragher
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tasleem Rajan
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ernest Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ozkan Ulutas
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - George Tomlinson
- Division of Clinical Decision-making & Health Care, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy L Cook
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarbjit V Jassal
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada Division of Clinical Decision-making & Health Care, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zimba Kalula S, Ferreira M, Swingler G, Badri M, Aihie Sayer A. Prevalence of Falls in an Urban Community-Dwelling Older Population of Cape Town, South Africa. J Nutr Health Aging 2015; 19:1024-31. [PMID: 26624215 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Falls are a major cause of disability and mortality in older adults. Studies on falls in this population have mainly been conducted in high income countries, and scant attention has been given to the problem in low and middle income countries, including South Africa. The aim of the study was to establish a rate for falls in older adults in South Africa. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey with a 12-month follow-up survey. SETTING Three purposively selected suburbs of Cape Town: Plumstead, Wynberg Central and Gugulethu. PARTICIPANTS Eight hundred and thirty seven randomly sampled ambulant community-dwelling subjects aged ≥ 65 years grouped according to ethnicity in three sub-samples: black Africans, coloureds (people of mixed ancestry) and whites. MEASUREMENTS Data were collected on socio-demographic and health characteristics, and history of falls using a structured questionnaire and a protocol for physical assessments and measurements. RESULTS Of the total baseline (n=837) and follow-up (n=632) survey participants, 76.5% and 77.2 % were females with a mean (S.D) age of 74 years (6.4) and 75 years (6.2), respectively. Rates of 26.4% and 21.9% for falls and of 11% and 6.3% for recurrent falls, respectively, were calculated at baseline and follow-up. Fall rates differed by ethnic sub-sample at baseline: whites 42 %, coloureds 34.4% and black Africans 6.4 % (p=0.0005). Rates of 236, 406 and 354 falls per 1000 person years were calculated for men, women and both genders, respectively. Recurrent falls were more common in women than in men. CONCLUSION Falls are a significant problem in older adults in South Africa. Effective management of falls and falls prevention strategies for older people in South Africa, need to be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zimba Kalula
- S. Zimba Kalula, University of Cape Town, Institute of Ageing in Africa, L51, Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, Western Cape 7925, South Africa,
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Tripathy NK, Jagnoor J, Patro BK, Dhillon MS, Kumar R. Epidemiology of falls among older adults: A cross sectional study from Chandigarh, India. Injury 2015; 46:1801-5. [PMID: 25986666 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fall is an important cause of injury morbidity in older adults. However, epidemiological information on fall is limited in low- and middle-income countries. We investigated the extent, pattern, characteristics, and context of falls in Chandigarh. METHODS A cross sectional survey was carried out among 300 persons (≥60 years), sampled from urban, rural and slums areas of Chandigarh, India from March 2011 to October 2012 using multistage cluster sampling. A pre-tested interview schedule was used and relevant medical examinations were conducted. Multivariable logistic regression was carried out to estimate Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS In the past one year, 31% (92/300) respondents reported one or more falls. On an average 0.67 fall episodes occurred/person/year (202/300). Most (68%; 63/92) falls occurred at home; 75% (47/63) occurred while carrying out activities such as toileting, bathing, sleeping and eating etc. Injuries due to falls were reported by 67% (62/92). In these cases, lower extremities, 37% (23/62) were the most common site of injury. Eight percent (5/62) reported fractures. A general physician was consulted by 44% (27/62), and 11% (7/62) utilized emergency services whilst another 11% (7/62) of fall injuries required hospital admission. Risk of fall was higher among females (OR 1.6, 95%CI 1.0-2.8, p 0.068), those taking four or more medicines (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.2-3.5, p 0.009) and having poor body balance (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.0-3.4, p 0.037). CONCLUSION Fall injuries were common in older adults of Chandigarh. Large cohort studies are needed to identify risk factors particularly those related to home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini K Tripathy
- Department of Community Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagnoor Jagnoor
- George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Binod K Patro
- Department of Community Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandeep S Dhillon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
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The Affordable Care Act, Accountable Care Organizations, and Mental Health Care for Older Adults: Implications and Opportunities. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2015; 23:304-19. [PMID: 25811340 PMCID: PMC4894763 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) represents the most significant legislative change in the United States health care system in nearly half a century. Key elements of the ACA include reforms aimed at addressing high-cost, complex, vulnerable patient populations. Older adults with mental health disorders are a rapidly growing segment of the population and are among the most challenging subgroups within health care, and they account for a disproportionate amount of costs. What does the ACA mean for geriatric mental health? We address this question by highlighting opportunities for reaching older adults with mental health disorders by leveraging the diverse elements of the ACA. We describe nine relevant initiatives: (1) accountable care organizations, (2) patient-centered medical homes, (3) Medicaid-financed specialty health homes, (4) hospital readmission and health care transitions initiatives, (5) Medicare annual wellness visit, (6) quality standards and associated incentives, (7) support for health information technology and telehealth, (8) Independence at Home and 1915(i) State Plan Home and Community-Based Services program, and (9) Medicare-Medicaid Coordination Office, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. We also consider potential challenges to full implementation of the ACA and discuss novel solutions for advancing geriatric mental health in the context of projected workforce shortages and the opportunities afforded by the ACA.
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"People are Getting Lost a Little Bit": Systemic Factors that Contribute to Falls in Community-Dwelling Octogenarians. Can J Aging 2015; 34:397-410. [PMID: 26300194 DOI: 10.1017/s071498081500015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Octogenarians living in the community are the fastest-growing demographic in Canada. Simultaneously, they have the highest prevalence of falls and nine times greater risk of injury due to a fall. To understand how to improve the safety of octogenarians' aging-in-place, a systems approach is essential. Understanding how societal factors interact and affect the older adult can help care custodians identify and remove safety deficiencies that bring about falls. The purpose of this study was to identify system-wide factors contributing to falls in community-dwelling octogenarians. Eight falls were investigated using the systemic falls investigative method. Participants ranged in age from 83-90 years. Across-case analyses identified 247 contributing factors, grouped within four distinct themes: (a) everyday living has become risky; (b) supervision limitations; (c) health care system disconnects; and (d) poor fall risk identification and follow-up. This qualitative study provides systemic insights into how and why falls occur in community-dwelling octogenarians.
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A long-recommended but seldom-used method of analysis for fall injuries found a unique pattern of risk factors in the youngest-old. Aging Clin Exp Res 2015; 27:439-45. [PMID: 25583298 PMCID: PMC4513192 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-014-0308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Few studies on fall risk factors use long-recommended methods for analysis of recurrent events. Previous falls are the biggest risk factor for future falls, but few fall studies focus on the youngest-old. Aims This study’s objective was to apply Cox regression for recurrent events to identify factors associated with injurious falls in the youngest-old. Methods Participants were community-dwelling residents of southern Sweden (n = 1,133), aged 59–67 at baseline (median 61.2), from the youngest cohorts of the larger Good Aging in Skåne (GÅS) study. Exposure variable data were collected from baseline study visits and medical records. Injurious falls, defined as emergency, inpatient, or specialist visits associated with ICD-10 fall codes during the follow-up period (2001–2011), were gathered from national and regional registries. Analysis was conducted using time to event Cox Regression for recurrent events. Results A majority (77.1 %) of injurious falls caused serious injuries such as fractures and open wounds. Exposure to nervous system medications [hazard ratio (HR) 1.40, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.89], central nervous system disease (HR 1.79, CI 1.18–2.70), and previous injurious fall(s) (HR 2.00, CI 1.50–2.68) were associated with increased hazard of injurious fall. Conclusions Regression for recurrent events is feasible with typical falls’ study data. The association of certain exposures with increased hazard of injurious falls begins earlier than previously studied. Different patterns of risk factors by age can provide insight into the progression of frailty. Tailored fall prevention screening and intervention may be of value in populations younger than those traditionally screened.
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Hayley AC, Williams LJ, Kennedy GA, Holloway KL, Berk M, Brennan-Olsen SL, Pasco JA. Excessive daytime sleepiness and falls among older men and women: cross-sectional examination of a population-based sample. BMC Geriatr 2015; 15:74. [PMID: 26141865 PMCID: PMC4491238 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-015-0068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) has been associated with an increased risk for falls among clinical samples of older adults. However, there is little detailed information among population-representative samples. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between EDS and falls among a cohort of population-based older adults. Methods This study assessed 367 women aged 60-93years (median 72, interquartile range 65-79) and 451 men aged 60-92years (median 73, interquartile range 66-80) who participated in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study between the years 2001 and 2008. Falls during the prior year were documented via self-report, and for men, falls risk score was obtained using an Elderly Fall Screening Test (EFST). Sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and scores of ≥ 10 indicated EDS. Differences among those with and without EDS in regard to falls were tested using logistic regression models. Results Among women, 50 (13.6 %) individuals reported EDS. Women with EDS were more likely to report a fall, and were more likely to report the fall occurring outside. EDS was similarly associated with an increased risk of a fall following adjustment for use of a walking aid, cases of nocturia and antidepressant medication use (adjusted OR = 2.54, 95 % CI 1.24-5.21). Multivariate modelling revealed antidepressant use (current) as an effect modifier (p < .001 for the interaction term). After stratifying the data by antidepressant medication use, the association between EDS and falls was sustained following adjustment for nocturia among antidepressant non-users (adjusted OR = 2.63, 95 % CI 1.31-5.30). Among men, 72 (16.0 %) individuals reported EDS. No differences were detected for men with and without EDS in regard to reported falls, and a trend towards significance was noted between EDS and a high falls risk as assessed by the EFST (p = 0.06), however, age explained this relationship (age adjusted OR = 2.20, 95 % CI 1.03-1.10). Conclusions For women, EDS is independently associated with at least one fall during the previous year, and this is more likely to occur whilst located outside. Amelioration of EDS may assist in improving functional outcomes among these individuals by reducing the risk for falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie C Hayley
- IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, PO Box 281, Geelong, Australia. .,Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.
| | - Lana J Williams
- IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, PO Box 281, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Gerard A Kennedy
- School of Psychology, Counselling & Psychotherapy, Cairnmillar Institute, 993 Burke Road, Camberwell, Australia. .,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Bowen Centre, Austin Health, PO Box 5555, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kara L Holloway
- IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, PO Box 281, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, PO Box 281, Geelong, Australia. .,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia. .,Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia. .,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sharon L Brennan-Olsen
- IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, PO Box 281, Geelong, Australia. .,NorthWest Academic Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, CHRE Building, Level 3 East, Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Julie A Pasco
- IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, PO Box 281, Geelong, Australia. .,NorthWest Academic Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, CHRE Building, Level 3 East, Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Melbourne, Australia.
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A theoretical and empirical review of psychological factors associated with falls-related psychological concerns in community-dwelling older people. Int Psychogeriatr 2015; 27:1071-87. [PMID: 25633917 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610214002701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four constructs are encompassed by the term "falls-related psychological concerns" (FrPC); "fear of falling" (FOF), "falls-related self-efficacy" (FSe), "balance confidence" (BC) and "outcome expectancy" (OE). FrPC are associated with negative consequences including physical, psychological, and social. Identifying factors associated with FrPC could inform interventions to reduce these concerns. METHODS Sixty-two empirical papers relating to psychological factors associated with FrPC in community-dwelling older people (CDOP) were reviewed. Four levels of evidence were used when evaluating the literature: good, moderate, tentative, and none. RESULTS Evidence that anxiety predicted FOF, BC, and OE was tentative. Moderate evidence was found for anxiety predicting FSe. Good evidence was found for depression predicting FSe. Moderate evidence was found for depression predicting both FOF and BC. No evidence was found for depression predicting OE. Tentative evidence was found for FSe predicting depression. Good and moderate evidence was found for quality of life (QoL) being predicted by FOF and BC respectively. Tentative evidence was found for FSe predicting QoL. Moderate evidence was found for QoL predicting both FSe and BC. No evidence was found for QoL predicting FOF. Good and moderate evidence was found for activity avoidance/restriction (AA/AR) being predicted by FOF and FSe respectively. Tentative evidence was found for BC and OE predicting AA/AR, as well as for AA/AR predicting FOF. Moderate evidence for activity level (AL) predicting FOF was identified, however the evidence of this predicting FSe and BC was tentative. Evidence for FOF, FSe, and BC predicting AL was tentative as was evidence to suggest FOF predicted coping. CONCLUSIONS Mixed evidence has been found for the association of psychological factors in association with FrPCs. Future research should employ theoretically grounded concepts, use multivariate analysis and longitudinal designs.
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Jalali MM, Gerami H, Heidarzadeh A, Soleimani R. Balance performance in older adults and its relationship with falling. Aging Clin Exp Res 2015; 27:287-96. [PMID: 25286899 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-014-0273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A normal consequence of aging is a general deterioration in a number of musculoskeletal and sensory systems that affect postural control and balance. The aim of this study was to evaluate history of falls among active older individuals in Iran, and estimate the risk factors for falls among this population. METHODS A total of 448 active older subjects from rural region of Rasht city, Iran, were included. They were divided into three groups depending on their age: young-old (n = 266); middle-old (n = 154) and oldest-old (n = 28). We assessed balance performance by One-Leg Balance (OLB), Functional Reach (FR), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Romberg tests. RESULTS The fall rate (>2 in the last year) was 27.0 %. The cut-off point 13.75 s for TUG test showed 84.7 % sensitivity and 56 % specificity. Also the best cut-off point for OLB test was 12.7 s (63 % sensitivity and 83.5 % specificity). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, BMI, diabetes, and failure in OLB, FR, and Romberg tests predicted fall risk. The decision tree classification of older individuals showed three categorical variables, which in their order of importance included diabetes, Romberg test, and OLB test. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the value of history taking about diabetes as a predictor for existing falling. Decision tree technique showed that Romberg and OLB tests help in identifying older adults with balance problems. Given the incidence and consequences of falls among older adults, large-scale prospective studies on older individuals to identify those prone to falls are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Mohammad Jalali
- Department of Otolaryngology, Otolaryngology Research Center, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 41396-38459, Rasht, Iran,
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Machado KLLL, Domiciano DS, Machado LG, Lopes JB, Figueiredo CP, Takayama L, Oliveira RM, Menezes PR, Pereira RMR. Persistent hypovitaminosis D and loss of hip bone mineral density over time as additional risk factors for recurrent falls in a population-based prospective cohort of elderly persons living in the community. The São Paulo Ageing & Health (SPAH) Study. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1535-42. [PMID: 25600475 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-3024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We performed concomitant evaluation of clinical, laboratory, and bone mineral density (BMD) parameters as potential risk factors for falls in a population-based prospective cohort of older adults, since previous studies have focused mostly in clinical risk factors. Loss of hip BMD and persistent hypovitaminosis D were associated with recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly. INTRODUCTION Few studies have performed a concomitant evaluation of clinical data, laboratory bone parameters, and bone mineral density (BMD) to determine more accurately the contribution of each of these variables to risk of falls in elderly persons. We investigated the association between bone parameters and recurrent falls in a population-based prospective cohort of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A total of 705 elderly individuals (448 women, 257 men) were evaluated with clinical data, BMD, and laboratory bone tests at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 4.3 ± 0.8 years. Individuals with recurrent falls (≥2 falls in the previous year from the date of the second evaluation) were considered chronic fallers. Logistic regression models were used to identify independent risk factors for recurrent falls. RESULTS The frequency of chronic fallers was 16.5%. In multivariate analyses, risk factors for recurrent falls were visual impairment (odds ratio (OR) = 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-4.74, p = 0.006), use of psychotropic drugs (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.37-4.49, p = 0.003), clinical fracture (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.48-5.20, p = 0.001), persistently low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) (<20 ng/mL) (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.10-2.64, p = 0.016), and loss of total hip BMD during the study (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.17-1.25, p = 0.035 for each 4% decrease). CONCLUSIONS In addition to traditional clinical risk factors for falls, loss of hip BMD and hypovitaminosis D were associated with recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly persons. Thus, recognizing these factors is essential to preventing falls and improving the outcomes of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L L L Machado
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar, sala 3193, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
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Xu W, Chen DW, Jin YB, Dong ZJ, Zhang WJ, Chen JW, Yang SM, Wang JR. Incidence and related clinical factors of falls among older Chinese veterans in military communities: a prospective study. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:331-9. [PMID: 25729162 PMCID: PMC4339132 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to determine fall incidence and explore clinical
factors of falls among older Chinese veterans in military communities. [Subjects and
Methods] We carried out a 12-month prospective study among 13 military communities in
Beijing, China. Fall events were obtained by self-report to military community liaisons
and monthly telephone interviews by researchers. [Results] Among the final sample of 447
older veterans, 86 fell once, 25 fell twice or more, and 152 falls occurred altogether.
The incidence of falls and fallers were 342/1,000 person-years and 249/1,000 person-years.
In Cox regression models, independent clinical factors associated with falls were visual
acuity (RR=0.47), stroke (RR=2.43), lumbar diseases (RR=1.73), sedatives (RR=1.80), fall
history in the past 6 months (RR=2.77), multiple chronic diseases (RR=1.53), multiple
medications (RR=1.34), and five-repetition sit-to-stand test score (RR=1.41). Hearing
acuity was close to being statistically significant. [Conclusion] The incidences of falls
and fallers among older Chinese veterans were lower than those of Hong Kong and western
countries. The clinical risk factors of falls were poor senses, stroke, lumbar diseases,
taking sedatives, fall history in the past 6 months, having multiple chronic diseases,
taking multiple medications, and poor physical function. The preventive strategies
targeting the above risk factors are very significant for reducing falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Chinese PLA (The Chinese People's Liberation Army) Medical School, China ; Geriatric Institute, The General Hospital of Air Force, PLA, China
| | - Da-Wei Chen
- Geriatric Institute, The General Hospital of Air Force, PLA, China
| | - Yan-Bin Jin
- Geriatric Institute, The General Hospital of Air Force, PLA, China
| | - Zhen-Jun Dong
- Shuguang Clinic Department of Rest Home for Retired Veterans, The PLA Air Force Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jiang Zhang
- Xijiao Clinic Department of Rest Home for Retired Veterans, The PLA Air Force Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Chen
- Geriatric Institute, The General Hospital of Air Force, PLA, China
| | - Shu-Mei Yang
- Geriatric Institute, The General Hospital of Air Force, PLA, China
| | - Jian-Rong Wang
- Department of Nursing, The General Hospital of PLA, China
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