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Tayebi SM, Motaghinasab S, Eslami R, Ahmadabadi S, Basereh A, Jamhiri I. Impact of 8-week cold-and warm water swimming training combined with cinnamon consumption on serum METRNL, HDAC5, and insulin resistance levels in diabetic male rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29742. [PMID: 38681576 PMCID: PMC11053207 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Numerous studies have reported the beneficial effects of exercise and the use of herbal supplements in improving type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. However, there are still many unanswered questions about the effects of cold and hot water, exercise, and herbal supplements on meteorine-like protein (METRNL), which is considered one of the key factors influencing insulin resistance improvement in this condition. Hence, the current study aimed to address these knowledge gaps and investigate the effects of 8 weeks of warm and cold-water swimming exercise with cinnamon consumption on serum levels of METRNL, histone deacetylase-5 (HDAC5), and insulin resistance in diabetic male rats. Methods For this purpose, 70 diabetic male rats were randomly divided into seven groups (10 rats in each group) H ealthy control (HC) , Diabetic control , swimming training in cold water (temperature 5 °C) , swimming training at 5 °C + cinnamon consumption (200 mg/kg body weight) , swimming training in warm water (temperature 36-35 °C) , swimming training in warm water (temperature 36-35 °C) + consumption of cinnamon, and consumption of cinnamon only. Results The present study revealed a significant increase in serum METRNL concentration in the cold-water swimming + cinnamon consumption group (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in insulin levels and HOMA-IR across the different groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, noteworthy findings included a significant reduction in HDAC5 levels in both the cold-water swimming group and the cold-water swimming + cinnamon consumption group, as well as a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels in all groups compared to the HC group (p < 0.05). Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that the combination of cold-water swimming exercises and cinnamon extract consumption led to notable increases in serum METRNL concentration. Additionally, significant reductions were observed in HDAC5 and FBS levels. These findings highlight the potential effectiveness and benefits of the combination of cold-water swimming exercises and cinnamon extract consumption as an approach to improve diabetes-related indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Morteza Tayebi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saleh Motaghinasab
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Eslami
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ahmadabadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Basereh
- Faculty of Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Jamhiri
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Tayebi SM, Nouri AH, Tartibian B, Ahmadabadi S, Basereh A, Jamhiri I. Effects of swimming training in hot and cold temperatures combined with cinnamon supplementation on HbA1C levels, TBC1D1, and TBC1D4 in diabetic rats. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:1. [PMID: 38195613 PMCID: PMC10776615 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-023-00256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes is one of the main causes of mortality in developing countries. Performing physical activity in various ways and different environments using herbal supplements can be used as a non-pharmacological solution to prevent and improve diabetes. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of cold water swimming exercise training combined with cinnamon supplementation on HbA1C (Hemoglobin A1c) levels, TBC1D1 (TBC1 domain family member 1), and TBC1D4 (TBC1 Domain Family Member 4) in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-one rats (n = 78 diabetic, n = 13 healthy) were divided into seven groups (n = 13 per group): (1) healthy control (HC), (2) diabetic control (DC), (3) swimming training in cold water (5 °C) (S5), (4) swimming training in cold water (5 °C) with a cinnamon supplementation (200 mg/kg body weight) (S5+Ci), (5) swimming training in warm water (36-35 °C) (S35), (6) swimming training in warm water (35-36 °C) with a cinnamon supplementation (S35+Ci), and (7) a cinnamon supplementation only (Ci). To evaluate the hypothesis, a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used. RESULTS Findings showed that the TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 levels in the DC and S35 groups were higher than in the HC group (p < 0.001). Also, swimming training in cold water (5 °C) with cinnamon supplementation (S5+Ci) decreased the level of TBC1D1, TBC1D4, HbA1c, and glucose compared to other groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that the combination of swimming training in cold water and cinnamon consumption led to a significant reduction in TBC1D1, TBC1D4, and HbA1c. Therefore, this non-traditional exercise approach coupled with cinnamon supplementation can be considered an effective method for improving insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c levels and is proposed as an optimal method to improve glucose indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Morteza Tayebi
- Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Nouri
- MSc, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bakhtyar Tartibian
- Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ahmadabadi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aref Basereh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Jamhiri
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Sedaghati P, Derakhshan KF, Ahmadabadi S, Moghaddam SRR. Effects of corrective and breathing exercises on respiratory function of older adults with a history of COVID-19 infection: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:199. [PMID: 37328735 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with a history of COVID-19 infection may suffer from different physical problems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of corrective and breathing exercises on improving respiratory function among patients with a history of COVID-19 infection. METHODS In this clinical trial study, thirty elderlies with a history of COVID-19 disease were divided into two groups (mean age 63.60 ± 3.56 experimental, 59.87 ± 2.99 control groups) based on the study inclusion criteria. Exercise interventions included two sections- breathing exercises and corrective exercises in the cervical and thoracic spine. The spirometry test, craniovertebral angle, and thoracic kyphosis test were used. To evaluate differences between variables, paired-samples t-test and ANCOVA were used (p-value < 0.01). Also, Eta-squared was measured to assess the effect size. RESULTS Results showed a significant difference between the two groups in craniovertebral angle (P = 0.001), thoracic kyphosis (P = 0.007), and respiratory capacity including Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (P = 0.002), FEV1/FVC (P = 0.003), Peripheral oxygen saturation (SPO2) (P = 0.001), while no significant differences were observed between two groups in terms of chest anthropometric indices (P > 0.01). The Eta-squared value of 0.51 for the Craniovertebral angle and the SPO2 indicates a large effect size. CONCLUSIONS The results showed the combination of corrective and breathing exercises could improve pulmonary function and correct cervical and thoracic posture in patients with a history of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, corrective and breathing exercises can be helpful as a complementary treatment along with pharmaceutical therapy to reduce chronic pulmonary complications in patients infected with COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION This research was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT registration number: IRCT20160815029373N7, First trial registration: 23/08/2021, Registration date: 01/09/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sedaghati
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Korosh Fakhimi Derakhshan
- Pediatric Pulmonologist, Pediatric Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ahmadabadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Rahimi Moghaddam
- Council of Strategic Studies and Researches of the General Administration of Sports and Youth of Guilan Province, Rasht, Iran
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Ahmadabadi S, Rjabi H, Gharakhanlou R, Talebian S, Basereh A. Effects of a 4-week plyometric training on activity patterns during different phases of one-leg drop jump with focus on jump height. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9192. [PMID: 37280245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Athletic women have shown a higher risk of ACL injury during jump landing compared to men. Plyometric training can be an alternative way to minimize the risk of knee injuries via the changed muscle activity patterns. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 4-week plyometric training program on the muscle activity pattern in different phases of one-leg drop jump in active girls. Active girls were randomly allocated into 2 groups (Plyometric training = 10, Control group = 10) where the plyometric training group (PTG) performed 60 min exercises, 2 sessions/1 week for 4 weeks while the control group (CG) had their daily activity. In the pre to post test, the sEMG was recorded from the Rectus Femoris (RF), Biceps Femoris (BF), Medial Gastrocnemius (GaM), and Tibialis Anterior (TA) muscles of the dominant leg during the Preparatory phase (PP), Contact Phase (CP), Flight Phase (FP) of one-leg drop jump. Electromyography variables (Signal amplitude, Maximum activity, Time to peak (TTP), Onset and activity time and Order muscle activity) and Ergo jump variables (Time of preparatory phase (TPP), Time of contact phase (TCP), Time of flight (jump height) phase (TFP), and Explosive power were analyzed. The Univariate ANCOVA test showed a significant difference between the two groups in Activity Time, whilst adjusting for pre-test as a Covariate, only in TA muscle (F(1,17) = 5.09, p = 0.038, η2 = 0.230). In PTG. TA (- 15%), GaM (- 19%), and BF muscles (- 9%) started their activity earlier while there was no significant difference between the two groups at the Onset time. TTP of RF was significantly different between the 2 groups only in the PR phase (0.216 ± 0.07 vs 0.153 ± 0.09 s) (p = 0.049, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.127). Results of the present study suggest that a 4-week plyometric training can improve the stability of leg joints via earlier recruitment of muscles and change activity patterns in lower limb muscles. It also recommends that the preparatory phase before landing be considered an important stage in preventing sports injuries in a training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ahmadabadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Rjabi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Gharakhanlou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Talebian
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Basereh
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Sedaghati P, Balayi E, Ahmadabadi S. Effects of COVID-19 related physical inactivity on motor skills in children with intellectual disability. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2381. [PMID: 36536375 PMCID: PMC9762641 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) may show declines in motor skills during the Covid-19 restrictions. This study compared the effects of physical inactivity due to COVID-19 on the motor skills of active and inactive children with ID. METHOD In this prospective cohort study, 30 boys with ID were divided into two groups based on study inclusion criteria (mean age 10.86 ± 1.81 active, 10.20 ± 1.42 inactive). The BESS test, the Y test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and the Bruininks-Oseretsky test-short form were used. RESULTS Results showed a significant difference between active and inactive groups in the total score of gross motor skills (P = 0.001), fine motor skills (P = 0.002), motor skills (P = 0.001), postural control (P = 0.01), and dynamic balance (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results showed a significant difference between active and inactive children with ID in terms of gross and fine motor skills after a one-year movement restriction. Therefore, considering the tendency to be sedentary among these people and the subsequent complications caused by this inactivity, including obesity and chronic diseases, it is suggested that parents and educators design practical and numerous exercises and encourage them to be more active and participate in physical activity programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sedaghati
- grid.411872.90000 0001 2087 2250Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Esmail Balayi
- grid.411872.90000 0001 2087 2250Sports injuries and corrective exercises- Adapted physical education, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ahmadabadi
- grid.502759.cExercise Physiology, Department of Sports Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
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Balayi E, Sedaghati P, Ahmadabadi S. Effects of neuromuscular training on postural control of children with intellectual disability and developmental coordination disorders : Neuromuscular training and postural control. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:631. [PMID: 35780104 PMCID: PMC9250263 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with Intellectual disabilities who suffer from developmental coordination disorder represent insignificant physical fitness, strength, and balance. The prime objective of this research is to explore the impact of eight weeks of neuromuscular (combined physio-hemsball) training on postural control and balance of students with intellectual disabilities suffering from developmental coordination disorder. Methods The present study was a prospective randomized clinical trial with a pretest–posttest design. The statistical population consisted of boys with intellectual disabilities, suffering from developmental coordination disorder randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15). informed consent was obtained from all participants’ parents. Parents completed developmental coordination disorder questionnaires. Tests (Balance Error Scoring System, Y-Balance, timed Get Up & Go) were used to determine postural control, dynamic balance, and functional balance of subjects. The experimental group performed a combined physio-hemsball training for 8 weeks. Ethical considerations were observed according to the Helsinki Declaration and the CONSORT guidelines and regulations were followed to report this study. Results Results showed that combined physio-hemsball training for 8 weeks can greatly improve postural control and dynamic and postural balance among students with intellectual disabilities suffering from developmental coordination disorder. Conclusions According to the results, instructors can use this type of training to improve postural control and balance in boys with intellectual disabilities enduring developmental coordination disorders. Trial registration This research was registered by the clinical trial centers of Iran (code IRCT20200125046254N1, Date of registration: 24/04/2020). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05569-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Balayi
- Adapted Physical Education, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parisa Sedaghati
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
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Sedaghati P, Ahmadabadi S, Goudarzian M. Evaluation of the durable effects of corrective exercises on the postural alignment and stability in hyperkyphotic elderly with a history of falls. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:545. [PMID: 35773652 PMCID: PMC9245289 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the durability of the effects of corrective exercises on the postural alignment and stability of hyperkyphotic elderly with a history of falls. Balance disturbance and recurrent falls are directly related to changes in the alignment of physical posture and function of the elderly, and effective methods with durable effects on improving the postural stability of the elderly have always been under the attention of researchers. Methods This study was a randomized clinical trial, and the statistical population included the elderly referred to neurology clinics. According to the research inclusion criteria (hyperkyphotic elderly with a history of falls during the last six months), 30 elderly aged 60 to 75 years old were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of corrective exercises and control. The experimental group performed an exercise program based on the Alexander posture correction technique. Both groups were evaluated with forward head angle, kyphosis, the timed up and go test, postural stability, and fear of falling tests in three phases. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 21 software and the MANCOVA test and repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results Data analysis showed significant improvements in the variables of forward head (p = 0.007), kyphosis(p = .001), balance(p = 0.002), postural stability(p = 0.001), and fear of falling(p = 0.001) in the experimental group. Post-test comparisons between the experimental and control groups showed significant differences in all variables except for kyphosis(p > .05), and follow-up analysis also revealed significant differences in all variables, except for the variables of forward head and kyphosis(p > .05). Conclusions Although the effects of corrective exercises in the elderly decreased regarding spinal alignment after three months, more lasting effects were seen in functional balance, postural stability, and fear of falling, suggesting this strategy as a stimulus for more mobility and a lower risk of falling in the elderly. Therefore, when using corrective exercises, it is possible to apply these exercises for a longer period of time to achieve more durable outcomes, especially regarding spinal alignment. Trial registration This research was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT2016081529373N1, Date of registration: 19/04/2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sedaghati
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Ahmadabadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Goudarzian
- Iranian Research Center On Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Sedaghati P, Goudarzian M, Ahmadabadi S, Tabatabai-Asl SM. The impact of a multicomponent-functional training with postural correction on functional balance in the elderly with a history of falling. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:23. [PMID: 35233709 PMCID: PMC8888785 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Good posture plays a significant role for the elderly in achieving optimal quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of multicomponent functional training with postural correction on functional balance in the elderly with a history of falling. Methods This study was a randomized controlled, single-blind study. Subjects (n = 28, mean age = 70 years) with a history of falling were selected and randomly allocated to either a multicomponent functional training (n = 14) or a control group (n = 14). The experimental group exercised for 8 weeks, three days per week for 60 min per day. The training program with strength, endurance, and balance parts was conducted in the multi-task conditions to stimulate the physical and cognitive abilities focusing on the attentional-correct posture. The control group received conventional care. The Berg balance and short physical performance battery tests were used in the pre-test and post-test. The adjusted post-test means of experimental and control groups were analyzed using the ANCOVA test to eliminate any pretest effects. Results This study found a significant effect of training on Berg balance test (P = 0.001), Timed Up and Go with D-T (P = 0.01), Timed Up and Go (P = 0.002), and Short Physical Performance Battery (P = 0.001). Conclusions Eight weeks of multicomponent exercise training has beneficial effects on balance and physical function and results in improved equilibrium and a decreasing probability of falling. Therefore, practitioners can use this 8-week training program for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sedaghati
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IR, Iran.
| | - Maryam Goudarzian
- Iranian Research Center On Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, IR, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Ahmadabadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Tabatabai-Asl
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IR, Iran
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Ahmadabadi S. Comparison of General-Social Health and Corona-Induced Anxiety Between Active and Inactive Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:798947. [PMID: 34992557 PMCID: PMC8724429 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.798947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: General health includes physical and mental health and their interactions, and physical activity can improve people's mental and social health. The present study has compared general-social health and COVID-19-induced anxiety between active and inactive students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A causal-comparative research design was used in this study. The statistical population consisted of all students of the Farhangian University of Mashhad (2,500 students) in 2020, out of whom 752 students were randomly selected (323 men and 429 women). Subjects were assessed for general health, social health, and COVID-19-induced anxiety. Data normality was investigated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and data were analyzed statistically using independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: The results of the present study showed that there was a significant difference between general health and COVID-19-induced anxiety of active and inactive students (p = 0.001), but no significant difference was observed between these two groups in social health (p ≥ 0.05). Results obtained regarding the correlation indicated that there was a significant correlation between general and social health in both active and inactive students (p = 0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between COVID-19-induced anxiety and general-social health (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it can be said that an active lifestyle and physical activity are important factors to improve general health and reduce anxiety, especially in specific conditions of the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, it is recommended that students have a regular exercise program to reduce their anxiety and increase the level of their physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ahmadabadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
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