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Iborra M, Moret I, Busó E, García-Giménez JL, Ricart E, Gisbert JP, Cabré E, Esteve M, Márquez-Mosquera L, García-Planella E, Guardiola J, Pallardó FV, Serena C, Algaba-Chueca F, Domenech E, Nos P, Beltrán B. The Genetic Diversity and Dysfunctionality of Catalase Associated with a Worse Outcome in Crohn's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415881. [PMID: 36555526 PMCID: PMC9785615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic gut inflammation in Crohn’s disease (CD) is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and an imbalance of antioxidant enzymes. We have previously shown that catalase (CAT) activity is permanently inhibited by CD. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there is any relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CAT enzyme and the potential risk of CD associated with high levels of oxidative stress. Additionally, we used protein and regulation analyses to determine what causes long-term CAT inhibition in peripheral white mononuclear cells (PWMCs) in both active and inactive CD. We first used a retrospective cohort of 598 patients with CD and 625 age-matched healthy controls (ENEIDA registry) for the genotype analysis. A second human cohort was used to study the functional and regulatory mechanisms of CAT in CD. We isolated PWMCs from CD patients at the onset of the disease (naïve CD patients). In the genotype-association SNP analysis, the CAT SNPs rs1001179, rs475043, and rs525938 showed a significant association with CD (p < 0.001). Smoking CD patients with the CAT SNP rs475043 A/G genotype had significantly more often penetrating disease (p = 0.009). The gene expression and protein levels of CAT were permanently reduced in the active and inactive CD patients. The inhibition of CAT activity in the PWMCs of the CD patients was related to a low concentration of CAT protein caused by the downregulation of CAT-gene transcription. Our study suggests an association between CAT SNPs and the risk of CD that may explain permanent CAT inhibition in CD patients together with low CAT gene and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Iborra
- Gastroenterology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Inés Moret
- Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Busó
- Central Unit for Research in Medicine (UCIM), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Ricart
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clìnic de Barcelona, CIBEREHD, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier P. Gisbert
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), CIBEREHD, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Cabré
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBEREHD, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria Esteve
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, CIBEREHD, 08221 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Márquez-Mosquera
- Servei de Digestiu, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther García-Planella
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Guardiola
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospital de Llobregat-Barcelona, 08901 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Serena
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Eugeni Domenech
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBEREHD, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Pilar Nos
- Gastroenterology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Beltrán
- Hospital Vithas Virgen del Consuelo, 46007 Valencia, Spain
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Liu K, Liu X, Wang M, Wang X, Kang H, Lin S, Yang P, Dai C, Xu P, Li S, Dai Z. Two common functional catalase gene polymorphisms (rs1001179 and rs794316) and cancer susceptibility: evidence from 14,942 cancer cases and 43,285 controls. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62954-62965. [PMID: 27449288 PMCID: PMC5325339 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on the associations of catalase polymorphisms with various types of cancer, including cervical and prostate cancers. However, the results were inconsistent. To obtain a more reliable conclusion, we evaluated the relationship between the two common catalase gene polymorphisms (rs1001179 and rs794316) and cancer risk by a meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis included 37 published studies involving 14,942 cancer patients and 43,285 cancer-free controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the cancer risk. The results demonstrated that the rs1001179 polymorphism was associated with an increased cancer risk in the recessive and homozygote models (TT vs. CC: OR = 1.19, P = 0.01; TT vs. CT+CC: OR = 1.19, P <0.001). Furthermore, stratified analyses revealed a significant association between the rs1001179 polymorphism and prostate cancer in all models except the homozygote comparison. An association of the rs794316 polymorphism with cancer risk was detected in two genetic models (TT vs. AA: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.03-1.74, P <0.001; TT vs. AT+AA: OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.09-1.77, P = 0.01). Additional well-designed studies with large samples should be performed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinghan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xijing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huafeng Kang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengtao Yang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cong Dai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanli Li
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Cavaleri F. Paradigm shift redefining molecular, metabolic and structural events in Alzheimer's disease involves a proposed contribution by transition metals. Defined lengthy preclinical stage provides new hope to circumvent advancement of disease- and age-related neurodegeneration. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:460-9. [PMID: 25691377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 5.5 Million North Americans suffer from varying degrees of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and by the year 2050 it may be one in 85 people globally (100 Million). It will be shown that heavy metal toxicity plays a significant role in sporadic AD. Although current literature speaks to involvement of metal ions (via Fenton reaction), studies and reviewers have yet to link cellular events including known structural changes such as amyloid plaque development to this metal toxicity the way it is proposed here. Contrary to the current AD model which positions BACE1 (β-secretase) as an aberrant or AD-advancing enzyme, it is proposed herein that the neuron's protective counteraction to this metal toxicity is, in fact, a justified increase in BACE1 activity and amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing to yield more secreted APP (sAPP) and β-amyloid peptide in response to metal toxicity. This new perspective which justifies a functional role for APP, BACE1 enzyme activity and the peptide products from this activity may at first appear to be counterintuitive. Compelling evidence, however, is presented and a mechanism is shown herein that validate BACE1 recruitment and the resulting β-amyloid protein as strategic countermeasures serving the cell effectively against neuro-impeding disease. It is proposed that β-amyloid peptide chelates and sequesters free heavy metals in the extracellular medium to aggregate as amyloid plaque while unchelated β-amyloid migrates across the cell membrane to chelate intracellular free divalent metals. The sequestered intracellular metal is subsequently chaperoned as a metallo-peptide to cross the plasma membrane and aggregate as amyloid plaques extracellularly. The BACE1 countermeasure is not genetic or metabolic aberration; and this novel conclusion demonstrates that it must not be inhibited as currently targeted. APP, BACE1, β-amyloid peptide, and sAPP play positive roles against the preclinical oxidative load that predates AD symptoms for as long as 20 years. A healthy neuron may tolerate free metal toxicity, such as iron in the case of injury-induced amyloid, for as long as twenty years due to this very BACE1 activity. In later stages, the uncontrolled metals and ROS are compounded by other factors which together overcome this BACE1/β-amyloid protein countermeasure. This results in a sudden increase in IL-1 leading to Tau's hyperphosphorylation as cited and eventually to Tau dissociation from the microtubule cytoskeleton interrupting cell trafficking. At this later stage of AD the β-amyloid protein which once served as a vehicle to escort toxic metals to the extracellular medium and a trap to form a relatively benign extraneuronal disposal site is no longer translocated due to interruption of trafficking and now accumulates intracellularly facilitating hyper-oxidative ROS levels and contributes to irreversible neuron apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cavaleri
- Brain Research Center, UBC Hospital, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
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Catalase C-262T polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer: evidence from meta-analysis. Gene 2015; 558:265-70. [PMID: 25576221 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Catalase is an important endogenous antioxidant enzyme that detoxifies hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water, thus limiting the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species. Several studies investigated the role of the Catalase (CAT) C-262T gene polymorphism on the risk of prostate cancer (PCa), but get conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis based on five studies, to determine whether Catalase C-262T polymorphism contributes to the risk of prostate cancer using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). On the whole, our evidence indicates that CAT C-262T polymorphism significantly increases PCa risk in the allele comparison model (OR=1.094, 95% CI=1.015-1.178, P=0.018). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, the same results are found among Caucasians (allele model, OR=1.090, 95% CI=1.009-1.177, P=0.028, dominant model, OR=1.108, 95% CI=1.023-1.201, P=0.012, recessive model, OR=1.379, 95% CI=1.158-1.641, P=0.000, homozygous model, OR=1.429, 95% CI=1.196-1.707, P=0.000, and heterozygote model, OR=1.224, 95% CI=1.020-1.469, P=0.030). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests a positive correlation between Catalase C-262T polymorphism and the development of PCa.
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Salminen LE, Paul RH. Oxidative stress and genetic markers of suboptimal antioxidant defense in the aging brain: a theoretical review. Rev Neurosci 2014; 25:805-19. [PMID: 25153586 PMCID: PMC6378111 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Normal aging involves a gradual breakdown of physiological processes that leads to a decline in cognitive functions and brain integrity, yet the onset and progression of decline are variable among older individuals. While many biological changes may contribute to this degree of variability, oxidative stress is a key mechanism of the aging process that can cause direct damage to cellular architecture within the brain. Oligodendrocytes are at a high risk for oxidative damage due to their role in myelin maintenance and production and limited repair mechanisms, suggesting that white matter may be particularly vulnerable to oxidative activity. Antioxidant defense enzymes within the brain, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), are crucial for breaking down the harmful end products of oxidative phosphorylation. Previous studies have revealed that allele variations of polymorphisms that encode these antioxidants are associated with abnormalities in SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST activity in the central nervous system. This review will focus on the role of oxidative stress in the aging brain and the impact of decreased antioxidant defense on brain integrity and cognitive function. Directions for future research investigations of antioxidant defense genes will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Salminen
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, 1 University Boulevard, Stadler Hall 442 A, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Robert H Paul
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, 1 University Boulevard, Stadler Hall 442 A, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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The mouse as a model organism in aging research: usefulness, pitfalls and possibilities. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:8-21. [PMID: 22543101 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mouse has become the favorite mammalian model. Among the many reasons for this privileged position of mice is their genetic proximity to humans, the possibilities of genetically manipulating their genomes and the availability of many tools, mutants and inbred strains. Also in the field of aging, mice have become very robust and reliable research tools. Since laboratory mice have a life expectancy of only a few years, genetic approaches and other strategies for intervening in aging can be tested by examining their effects on life span and aging parameters during the relatively short period of, for example, a PhD project. Moreover, experiments on mice with an extended life span as well as on mice demonstrating signs of (segmental) premature aging, together with genetic mapping strategies, have provided novel insights into the fundamental processes that drive aging. Finally, the results of studies on caloric restriction and pharmacological anti-aging treatments in mice have a high degree of relevance to humans. In this paper, we review a number of recent genetic mapping studies that have yielded novel insights into the aging process. We discuss the value of the mouse as a model for testing interventions in aging, such as caloric restriction, and we critically discuss mouse strains with an extended or a shortened life span as models of aging.
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Crawford A, Fassett RG, Geraghty DP, Kunde DA, Ball MJ, Robertson IK, Coombes JS. Relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes and disease. Gene 2012; 501:89-103. [PMID: 22525041 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence and progression of numerous diseases have been linked to deficiencies in antioxidant systems. The relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) arising from specific antioxidant enzymes and diseases associated with elevated oxidative stress have been studied with the rationale that they may be useful in screening for diseases. The purpose of this narrative review is to analyse evidence from these studies. The antioxidant enzyme SNPs selected for analysis are based on those most frequently investigated in relation to diseases in humans: superoxide dismutase (SOD2) Ala16Val (80 studies), glutathione peroxidise (GPx1) Pro197Leu (24 studies) and catalase C-262T (22 studies). Although the majority of evidence supports associations between the SOD2 Ala16Val SNP and diseases such as breast, prostate and lung cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, the presence of the SOD2 Ala16Val SNP confers only a small, clinically insignificant reduction (if any) in the risk of these diseases. Other diseases such as bladder cancer, liver disease, nervous system pathologies and asthma have not been consistently related to this SOD SNP genotype. The GPx1 Pro197Leu and catalase C-262T SNP genotypes have been associated with breast cancer, but only in a small number of studies. Thus, currently available evidence suggests antioxidant enzyme SNP genotypes are not useful for screening for diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Crawford
- School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
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Association of the −262C/T polymorphism in the catalase gene promoter with carotid atherosclerosis in Slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes. Open Med (Wars) 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-011-0037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractGenetic variations of the antioxidant enzymes may influence the susceptibility to oxidative stress and consequently the development and progression of diabetic complications. The aim of the current study was to test the association between the −262C/T polymorphism in the catalase gene promoter and carotid atherosclerosis in Slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes. Two-hundred and eighty six diabetics and 150 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Carotid atherosclerosis was quantified ultrasonographiocally by carotid intima-media thickness (CITM), plaque score and plaque type. Genotypes were determined using the real-time PCR. Fibrinogen concentration showed a borderline statistically significant difference due to catalase genotypes (p=0,05). No difference in clinical characteristics, CIMT, plaque stability or plaque score was observed. Logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, smoking, BMI, lipid parameters and duration of hypertension and diabetes showed significant association of T allele and lower risk for higher plaque score (OR=0,25; p=0,025). No association with CIMT>1mm and unstable plaques was observed. T allele of −262C/T is associated with lower risk for higher plaque score but it did not affect clinical parameters, CIMT and plaque stability. Whether this polymorphism can be used as a genetic marker for advanced carotid atherosclerosis in diabetic patients needs to be evaluated in the future.
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Tranah GJ. Mitochondrial-nuclear epistasis: implications for human aging and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10:238-52. [PMID: 20601194 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that mitochondria are involved in the aging process. Mitochondrial function requires the coordinated expression of hundreds of nuclear genes and a few dozen mitochondrial genes, many of which have been associated with either extended or shortened life span. Impaired mitochondrial function resulting from mtDNA and nuclear DNA variation is likely to contribute to an imbalance in cellular energy homeostasis, increased vulnerability to oxidative stress, and an increased rate of cellular senescence and aging. The complex genetic architecture of mitochondria suggests that there may be an equally complex set of gene interactions (epistases) involving genetic variation in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Results from Drosophila suggest that the effects of mtDNA haplotypes on longevity vary among different nuclear allelic backgrounds, which could account for the inconsistent associations that have been observed between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups and survival in humans. A diversity of pathways may influence the way mitochondria and nuclear-mitochondrial interactions modulate longevity, including: oxidative phosphorylation; mitochondrial uncoupling; antioxidant defenses; mitochondrial fission and fusion; and sirtuin regulation of mitochondrial genes. We hypothesize that aging and longevity, as complex traits having a significant genetic component, are likely to be controlled by nuclear gene variants interacting with both inherited and somatic mtDNA variability.
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Crawford A, Fassett RG, Coombes JS, Kunde DA, Ahuja KDK, Robertson IK, Ball MJ, Geraghty DP. Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase genotypes and activities and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:2806-13. [PMID: 21325350 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been linked to the progression of disease, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the present study was to determine the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase and their activities and the progression of CKD. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of 185 CKD patients (Stages 2-4), followed for up to 12 months. All patients were genotyped for SNPs of SOD (SOD Ala16Val), GPx (GPx Pro197Leu) and catalase (C-262T). The rate of change over the study period of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), plasma and red blood cell (RBC) GPx, RBC SOD and RBC catalase activities were determined. RESULTS CKD patients with the SOD Ala/Val and Val/Val genotypes had a significantly greater eGFR decline compared to those with the Ala/Ala genotype (Ala/Val compared with Ala/Ala odds ratio (OR) 0.35, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64, P = 0.001; Val/Val compared with Ala/Ala OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.65, P = 0.005). The progression of CKD was not associated with SNPs of the GPx or catalase genes studied but there was a direct relationship between the rate of change of plasma GPx activity and the rate of change of eGFR over 12 months (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION CKD patients with the SOD Ala/Val and Val/Val genotypes have a greater decline in kidney function than those with the Ala/Ala genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Crawford
- School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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Abstract
Over the last two decades, aging research has expanded to include not only age-related disease models, and conversely, longevity and disease-free models, but also focuses on biological mechanisms related to the aging process. By viewing aging on multiple research frontiers, we are rapidly expanding knowledge as a whole and mapping connections between biological processes and particular age-related diseases that emerge. This is perhaps most true in the field of genetics, where variation across individuals has improved our understanding of aging mechanisms, etiology of age-related disease, and prediction of therapeutic responses. A close partnership between gerontologists, epidemiologists, and geneticists is needed to take full advantage of emerging genome information and technology and bring about a new age for biological aging research. Here we review current genetic findings for aging across both disease-specific and aging process domains. We then highlight the limitations of most work to date in terms of study design, genomic information, and trait modeling and focus on emerging technology and future directions that can partner genetic epidemiology and aging research fields to best take advantage of the rapid discoveries in each.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daniele Fallin
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Kuningas M, Mooijaart SP, van Heemst D, Zwaan BJ, Slagboom PE, Westendorp RGJ. Genes encoding longevity: from model organisms to humans. Aging Cell 2008; 7:270-80. [PMID: 18208581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2008.00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ample evidence from model organisms has indicated that subtle variation in genes can dramatically influence lifespan. The key genes and molecular pathways that have been identified so far encode for metabolism, maintenance and repair mechanisms that minimize age-related accumulation of permanent damage. Here, we describe the evolutionary conserved genes that are involved in lifespan regulation of model organisms and humans, and explore the reasons of discrepancies that exist between the results found in the various species. In general, the accumulated data have revealed that when moving up the evolutionary ladder, together with an increase of genome complexity, the impact of candidate genes on lifespan becomes smaller. The presence of genetic networks makes it more likely to expect impact of variation in several interacting genes to affect lifespan in humans. Extrapolation of findings from experimental models to humans is further complicated as phenotypes are critically dependent on the setting in which genes are expressed, while laboratory conditions and modern environments are markedly dissimilar. Finally, currently used methodologies may have only little power and validity to reveal genetic variation in the population. In conclusion, although the study of model organisms has revealed potential candidate genetic mechanisms determining aging and lifespan, to what extent they explain variation in human populations is still uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris Kuningas
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Capurso C, Solfrizzi V, D'Introno A, Colacicco AM, Capurso SA, Bifaro L, Menga R, Santamato A, Seripa D, Pilotto A, Capurso A, Panza F. Short arm of chromosome 11 and sporadic Alzheimer's disease: catalase and cathepsin D gene polymorphisms. Neurosci Lett 2007; 432:237-42. [PMID: 18248894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2007] [Revised: 12/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) -262 C/T promoter (rs1001179), cathepsin D (CTSD) exon 2 (rs17571), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms were studied in 242 patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 421 unrelated age-, sex-, and ethnically matched control subjects from Apulia (Southern Italy). No statistically significant differences in CAT rs1001179 and CTSD rs17571 genotype and allele distribution between AD cases and healthy controls were observed for the whole AD sample, and when AD group was categorized by age at onset in early- and late-onset AD subsets. Furthermore, we did not find any statistically significant differences in rates between CAT rs1001179 and CTSD rs17571 genotypes and AD controlling for APOE e4 allele status. Our data, at present, do not support a role of two gene polymorphisms of the short arm of the chromosome 11, the CAT rs1001179 and CTSD rs17571, as a possible susceptibility factors for sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Capurso
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Foggia, Ospedali Riuniti, Viale L. Pinto, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
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Tan Q, Christiansen L, Brasch-Andersen C, Zhao JH, Li S, Kruse TA, Christensen K. Retrospective analysis of main and interaction effects in genetic association studies of human complex traits. BMC Genet 2007; 8:70. [PMID: 17937824 PMCID: PMC2099440 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-8-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of multifactorial human diseases involves complex interactions between numerous environmental factors and alleles of many genes. Efficient statistical tools are demanded in identifying the genetic and environmental variants that affect the risk of disease development. This paper introduces a retrospective polytomous logistic regression model to measure both the main and interaction effects in genetic association studies of human discrete and continuous complex traits. In this model, combinations of genotypes at two interacting loci or of environmental exposure and genotypes at one locus are treated as nominal outcomes of which the proportions are modeled as a function of the disease trait assigning both main and interaction effects and with no assumption of normality in the trait distribution. Performance of our method in detecting interaction effect is compared with that of the case-only model. Results Results from our simulation study indicate that our retrospective model exhibits high power in capturing even relatively small effect with reasonable sample sizes. Application of our method to data from an association study on the catalase -262C/T promoter polymorphism and aging phenotypes detected significant main and interaction effects for age-group and allele T on individual's cognitive functioning and produced consistent results in estimating the interaction effect as compared with the popular case-only model. Conclusion The retrospective polytomous logistic regression model can be used as a convenient tool for assessing both main and interaction effects in genetic association studies of human multifactorial diseases involving genetic and non-genetic factors as well as categorical or continuous traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
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15
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Christiansen L, Tan Q, Iachina M, Bathum L, Kruse TA, McGue M, Christensen K. Candidate gene polymorphisms in the serotonergic pathway: influence on depression symptomatology in an elderly population. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 61:223-30. [PMID: 16806099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressed mood is a major concern in the elderly, with consequences for morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic factors in depression and subsyndromal depressive symptoms are no less important in the elderly than during other life stages. Variations in genes included in the serotonin system have been suggested as risk factors for various psychiatric disorders but may also serve as candidates for normal variations in mood. METHODS This study included 684 elderly Danish twins to investigate the influence of 11 polymorphisms in 7 serotonin system genes on the mean level of depression symptomatology assessed over several years, reflecting individuals' underlying mood level. RESULTS A suggestive association of sequence variations in genes responsible for the synthesis (TPH), recognition (5-HTR2A), and degradation (MAOA) of serotonin with depression symptomatology was found, although the effect was generally restricted to men. We also found that a specific haplotype in VMAT2, the gene encoding the vesicular monoamine transporter, was significantly associated with depression symptoms in men (p= .007). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that variations in genes encoding the components of serotonin metabolism may influence the basic mood level and that different genetic factors may apply in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Christiansen
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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16
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The role of oxidative stress in postoperative delirium. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2006; 28:418-23. [PMID: 16950378 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine a marker that predicts delirium using preoperative oxidative processes in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. METHOD Twelve of the 50 patients included in the study showed signs of delirium during postoperative follow-up. The Delirium Rating Scale was used in patients with delirium according to DSM-IV-TR in the postoperative period. Venous blood samples were obtained from the patients the day before and the day after the surgery to determine plasma antioxidant enzyme levels. RESULTS While there were no differences in preoperative superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both groups, catalase (CAT) levels were significantly lower in the delirium group. Postoperative SOD and MDA levels were also higher in the delirium group, while the GSH-Px levels were found to be lower when compared with those during the preoperative period. In the nondelirium group, the postoperative MDA and GSH-Px levels were found to be lower than preoperative levels, and postoperative SOD levels were found to be higher than preoperative levels. CAT levels were lower in the delirium group when the pre- and postoperative levels were compared in both groups. The postoperative levels of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT in the nondelirium group and MDA in the delirium group were significantly higher than preoperative levels. CONCLUSION Patients with low preoperative CAT levels appeared to be more susceptible to delirium than patients with higher CAT levels.
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Forero DA, Casadesus G, Perry G, Arboleda H. Synaptic dysfunction and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease: emerging mechanisms. J Cell Mol Med 2006; 10:796-805. [PMID: 16989739 PMCID: PMC3933161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we review experimental advances in molecular neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with special emphasis on analysis of neural function of proteins involved in AD pathogenesis, their relation with several signaling pathways and with oxidative stress in neurons. Molecular genetic studies have found that mutations in APP, PS1 and PS2 genes and polymorphisms in APOE gene are implicated in AD pathogenesis. Recent studies show that these proteins, in addition to its role in beta-amyloid processing, are involved in several neuroplasticity-signaling pathways (NMDA-PKA-CREB-BDNF, reelin, wingless, notch, among others). Genomic and proteomic studies show early synaptic protein alterations in AD brains and animal models. DNA damage caused by oxidative stress is not completely repaired in neurons and is accumulated in the genes of synaptic proteins. Several functional SNPs in synaptic genes may be interesting candidates to explore in AD as genetic correlates of this synaptopathy in a "synaptogenomics" approach. Thus, experimental evidence shows that proteins implicated in AD pathogenesis have differential roles in several signaling pathways related to neuromodulation and neurotransmission in adult and developing brain. Genomic and proteomic studies support these results. We suggest that oxidative stress effects on DNA and inherited variations in synaptic genes may explain in part the synaptic dysfunction seen in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Forero
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina e Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá, Colombia
- Current Affiliation: Applied Molecular Genomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - G Casadesus
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
| | - G Perry
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
| | - H Arboleda
- Grupo de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina e Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Pediatria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá, Colombia
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Wilding CS, Rees GS, Relton CL, Tawn EJ. Genotype profiles of loci encoding DNA repair enzymes in newborn and elderly populations: no evidence of association with longevity. Biogerontology 2006; 7:35-41. [PMID: 16518718 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-005-6042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The comparison of genotype frequencies between neonates and elderly populations can aid in the identification of loci, and polymorphisms within those loci, that affect longevity. Here we have compared genotype frequencies of seven polymorphisms at four loci involved in DNA repair between a cohort of newborns (n = 290) and a retired population (average age at sampling 70.02 years; n = 430) who have suffered a lifetime of DNA damage from normal, metabolic processes, and on whom selection on DNA repair gene variants may be expected to have acted. No differences in genotype frequencies at the four SNP loci were seen, indicating that there is no evidence of association with longevity in this population. Significant differences in frequency of certain repeat sizes at three microsatellite loci were detected. However, since there is no known functional consequence of these repeat lengths, the action of selection cannot yet be ascribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wilding
- Genetics Department, Westlakes Research Institute, Westlakes Science and Technology Park, CA24 3JY, Moor Row, Cumbria, UK.
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Christensen K, Johnson TE, Vaupel JW. The quest for genetic determinants of human longevity: challenges and insights. Nat Rev Genet 2006; 7:436-48. [PMID: 16708071 PMCID: PMC2726954 DOI: 10.1038/nrg1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Twin studies show that genetic differences account for about a quarter of the variance in adult human lifespan. Common polymorphisms that have a modest effect on lifespan have been identified in one gene, APOE, providing hope that other genetic determinants can be uncovered. However, although variants with substantial beneficial effects have been proposed to exist and several candidates have been put forward, their effects have yet to be confirmed. Human studies of longevity face numerous theoretical and logistical challenges, as the determinants of lifespan are extraordinarily complex. However, large-scale linkage studies of long-lived families, longitudinal candidate-gene association studies and the development of analytical methods provide the potential for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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Nadif R, Mintz M, Jedlicka A, Bertrand JP, Kleeberger SR, Kauffmann F. Association of CAT polymorphisms with catalase activity and exposure to environmental oxidative stimuli. Free Radic Res 2005; 39:1345-50. [PMID: 16298864 PMCID: PMC1877822 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500306711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypotheses that catalase activity is modified by CAT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (-262;-844), and by their interactions with oxidant exposures (coal dusts, smoking), lymphotoxin alpha (LTA, NcoI) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF, -308) in 196 miners. Erythrocyte catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured. The CAT -262 SNP was related to lower catalase activity (104, 87 and 72 k/g hemoglobin for CC, CT and TT, respectively, p < 0.0001). Regardless of CAT SNPs, the LTA NcoI but not the TNF-308 SNP was associated with catalase activity (p = 0.04 and p = 0.8). CAT -262 T carriers were less frequent in highly exposed miners (OR = 0.39 [0.20-0.78], p = 0.007). In CAT -262 T carriers only, catalase activity decreased with high dust exposure (p = 0.01). Haplotype analyses (combined CAT SNPs) confirm these results. Results show that CAT -262 and LTA NcoI SNPs, and interaction with coal dust exposure, influenced catalase activity.
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