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Hou WQ, Wen DT, Zhong Q, Mo L, Wang S, Yin XY, Ma XF. Physical exercise ameliorates age-related deterioration of skeletal muscle and mortality by activating Pten-related pathways in Drosophila on a high-salt diet. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23304. [PMID: 37971426 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301099r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatase and tensin congeners (Pten) gene affects cell growth, cell proliferation, and rearrangement of connections, and it is closely related to cellular senescence, but it remains unclear the role of muscle-Pten gene in exercise against age-related deterioration in skeletal muscle and mortality induced by a high-salt diet (HSD). In here, overexpression and knockdown of muscle Pten gene were constructed by building MhcGAL4 /PtenUAS-overexpression and MhcGAL4 /PtenUAS-RNAi system in flies, and flies were given exercise training and a HSD for 2 weeks. The results showed that muscle Pten knockdown significantly reduced the climbing speed, climbing endurance, GPX activity, and the expression of Pten, Sirt1, PGC-1α genes, and it significantly increased the expression of Akt and ROS level, and impaired myofibril and mitochondria of aged skeletal muscle. Pten knockdown prevented exercise from countering the HSD-induced age-related deterioration of skeletal muscle. Pten overexpression has the opposite effect on skeletal muscle aging when compared to it knockdown, and it promoted exercise against HSD-induced age-related deterioration of skeletal muscle. Pten overexpression significantly increased lifespan, but its knockdown significantly decreased lifespan of flies. Thus, current results confirmed that differential expression of muscle Pten gene played an important role in regulating skeletal muscle aging and lifespan, and it also affected the adaptability of aging skeletal muscle to physical exercise since it determined the activity of muscle Pten/Akt pathway and Pten/Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qi Hou
- Department of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Deng-Tai Wen
- Department of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Lan Mo
- Department of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Yin
- Department of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xing-Feng Ma
- Department of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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Jasińska-Stroschein M. Searching for Effective Treatments in HFpEF: Implications for Modeling the Disease in Rodents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1449. [PMID: 37895920 PMCID: PMC10610318 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has increased over the last two decades, there still remains a lack of effective treatment. A key therapeutic challenge is posed by the absence of animal models that accurately replicate the complexities of HFpEF. The present review summarizes the effects of a wide spectrum of therapeutic agents on HF. METHODS Two online databases were searched for studies; in total, 194 experimental protocols were analyzed following the PRISMA protocol. RESULTS A diverse range of models has been proposed for studying therapeutic interventions for HFpEF, with most being based on pressure overload and systemic hypertension. They have been used to evaluate more than 150 different substances including ARNIs, ARBs, HMGR inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors and incretins. Existing preclinical studies have primarily focused on LV diastolic performance, and this has been significantly improved by a wide spectrum of candidate therapeutic agents. Few experiments have investigated the normalization of pulmonary congestion, exercise capacity, animal mortality, or certain molecular hallmarks of heart disease. CONCLUSIONS The development of comprehensive preclinical HFpEF models, with multi-organ system phenotyping and physiologic stress-based functional testing, is needed for more successful translation of preclinical research to clinical trials.
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Blanton C, Ghimire B, Khajeh Pour S, Aghazadeh-Habashi A. Circadian Modulation of the Antioxidant Effect of Grape Consumption: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6502. [PMID: 37569042 PMCID: PMC10419126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Grape consumption acts on the immune system to produce antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Since immune activity demonstrates circadian rhythmicity, with peak activity occurring during waking hours, the timing of grape intake may influence the magnitude of its antioxidant effect. This study followed a 2 × 2 factorial randomized, controlled design wherein healthy men and women (n = 32) consumed either a grape or placebo drink with a high-fat meal in the morning or evening. Urine was collected for measurements of biomarkers of oxidative stress and grape metabolites at baseline and post-meal at hour 1 and hours 1-6. F-2 isoprostane levels showed main effects of time period (baseline < hour 1 < hours 1-6, p < 0.0001), time (a.m. > p.m., p = 0.008) and treatment (placebo > grape, p = 0.05). Total F2-isoprostane excretion expressed as % baseline was higher in the a.m. vs. p.m. (p = 0.004) and in the a.m. placebo vs. all other groups (p < 0.05). Tartaric acid and resveratrol excretion levels were higher in the grape vs. placebo group (p < 0.05) but were not correlated with F-2 isoprostane levels. The findings support a protective effect of grape consumption against morning sensitivity to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Blanton
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Biwash Ghimire
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; (B.G.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Sana Khajeh Pour
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; (B.G.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Ali Aghazadeh-Habashi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; (B.G.); (S.K.P.)
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4
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Olabiyi AA, de Castro Brás LE. Cardiovascular Remodeling Post-Ischemia: Herbs, Diet, and Drug Interventions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1697. [PMID: 37371792 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious health burden with increasing prevalence, and CVD continues to be the principal global source of illness and mortality. For several disorders, including CVD, the use of dietary and medicinal herbs instead of pharmaceutical drugs continues to be an alternate therapy strategy. Despite the prevalent use of synthetic pharmaceutical medications, there is currently an unprecedented push for the use of diet and herbal preparations in contemporary medical systems. This urge is fueled by a number of factors, the two most important being the common perception that they are safe and more cost-effective than modern pharmaceutical medicines. However, there is a lack of research focused on novel treatment targets that combine all these strategies-pharmaceuticals, diet, and herbs. In this review, we looked at the reported effects of pharmaceutical drugs and diet, as well as medicinal herbs, and propose a combination of these approaches to target independent pathways that could synergistically be efficacious in treating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji A Olabiyi
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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5
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From Foods to Chemotherapeutics: The Antioxidant Potential of Dietary Phytochemicals. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food plants have been recognized for their medicinal properties for millennia, a concept supported by epidemiological studies indicating long-term health benefits for people consuming greater amounts of fruits and vegetables. As our technology and instrumentation advance, researchers have the ability to identify promising phytochemicals, and examine their potential benefits, or detriments, to human health. While results from trials investigating single chemical supplementation have sometimes produced negative health results, studies investigating the synergistic action of phytochemicals—either within our diet or as an adjuvant to radiation or chemotherapy—appear promising. Utilizing phytochemicals as synergistic agents may lower the chemotherapeutic doses needed to incur physiological results, while also using chemicals with fewer toxic effects. This review investigates a variety of plant-produced chemicals humans typically ingest, their impacts on overall health patterns, molecular mechanisms associated with their health impacts, and the potential of their synergistic use for therapeutic purposes.
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6
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Wei S, Cheng D, Yu H, Wang X, Song S, Wang C. Millet-enriched diets attenuate high salt-induced hypertension and myocardial damage in male rats. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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7
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Asgary S, Rastqar A, Keshvari M. Functional Food and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment: A Review. J Am Coll Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29528772 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1410867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the leading cause of death globally and is a growing health concern. Lifestyle factors, including nutrition, play an important role in the etiology and treatment of CVD. Functional foods based on their basic nutritional functions can decrease the risk of many chronic diseases and have some physiological benefits. They contain physiologically active components either from plant or animal sources, marketed with the claim of their ability to reduce heart disease risk, focusing primarily on established risk factors, which are hyperlipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity/overweight, elevated lipoprotein A level, small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and elevated inflammatory marker levels. Functional foods are suspected to exert their cardioprotective effects mainly through blood lipid profile level and improve hypertension control, endothelial function, platelet aggregation, and antioxidant actions. Clinical and epidemiological observations indicate that vegetable and fruit fiber, nuts and seeds, sea foods, coffee, tea, and dark chocolate have cardioprotective potential in humans, as well whole-grain products containing intact grain kernels rich in fiber and trace nutrients. They are nutritionally more important because they contain phytoprotective substances that might work synergistically to reduce cardiovascular risk. This review will focus on the reciprocal interaction between functional foods and the potential link to cardiovascular health and the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Asgary
- a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Ali Rastqar
- b Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , Université Laval, Québec , Québec , Canada.,c Research Center of University Affiliated Québec Mental Health Institute, Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Mahtab Keshvari
- a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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8
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Mackert JD, McIntosh MK. Combination of the anthocyanidins malvidin and peonidin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory gene expression in primary human adipocytes. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1353-1360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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9
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Collins B, Hoffman J, Martinez K, Grace M, Lila MA, Cockrell C, Nadimpalli A, Chang E, Chuang CC, Zhong W, Mackert J, Shen W, Cooney P, Hopkins R, McIntosh M. A polyphenol-rich fraction obtained from table grapes decreases adiposity, insulin resistance and markers of inflammation and impacts gut microbiota in high-fat-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 31:150-65. [PMID: 27133434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if consuming an extractable or nonextractable fraction of table grapes reduced the metabolic consequences of consuming a high-fat, American-type diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low fat (LF) diet, a high fat (HF) diet, or an HF diet containing whole table grape powder (5% w/w), an extractable, polyphenol-rich (HF-EP) fraction, a nonextractable, polyphenol-poor (HF-NEP) fraction or equal combinations of both fractions (HF-EP+NEP) from grape powder for 16weeks. Mice fed the HF-EP and HF-EP+NEP diets had lower percentages of body fat and amounts of white adipose tissue (WAT) and improved glucose tolerance compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF-EP+NEP diet had lower liver weights and triglyceride (TG) levels compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF-EP+NEP diets had higher hepatic mRNA levels of hormone sensitive lipase and adipose TG lipase, and decreased expression of c-reactive protein compared to the HF-fed controls. In epididymal (visceral) WAT, the expression levels of several inflammatory genes were lower in mice fed the HF-EP and HF-EP+NEP diets compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF diets had increased myeloperoxidase activity and impaired localization of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 in ileal mucosa compared to the HF-EP and HF-NEP diets. Several of these treatment effects were associated with alterations in gut bacterial community structure. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the polyphenol-rich, EP fraction from table grapes attenuated many of the adverse health consequences associated with consuming an HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Jessie Hoffman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | | | - Mary Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NCSU-NCRC, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NCSU-NCRC, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Chase Cockrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Eugene Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG-NCRC, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Jessica Mackert
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Wan Shen
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Paula Cooney
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Robin Hopkins
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Michael McIntosh
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC.
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10
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Cheng D, Zhang X, Meng M, Han L, Li Z, Hou L, Qi W, Wang C. The protective effect of a buckwheat-enriched diet on renal injury in high salt-induced hypertension in rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:3548-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An excess of dietary salt is the most common factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation
- Ministry of Education
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation
- Ministry of Education
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Meng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation
- Ministry of Education
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Lirong Han
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation
- Ministry of Education
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation
- Ministry of Education
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Lihua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation
- Ministry of Education
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Wentao Qi
- Academy of State Administration of Grain
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation
- Ministry of Education
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin
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11
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Baldwin J, Collins B, Wolf PG, Martinez K, Shen W, Chuang CC, Zhong W, Cooney P, Cockrell C, Chang E, Gaskins HR, McIntosh MK. Table grape consumption reduces adiposity and markers of hepatic lipogenesis and alters gut microbiota in butter fat-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 27:123-35. [PMID: 26423887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine if consuming table grapes reduces adiposity and its metabolic consequences and alters gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat (HF), butter-rich diet. C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat (LF) diet or HF diet with 3% or 5% grapes for 11weeks. Total body and inguinal fat were moderately but significantly reduced in mice fed both levels of grapes compared to their controls. Mice fed 5% grapes had lower liver weights and triglyceride levels and decreased expression of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (Gpat1) compared to the 5% controls. Mice fed 3% grapes had lower hepatic mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2, sterol-CoA desaturase 1, fatty-acid binding protein 4 and Gpat1 compared to the 3% controls. Although grape feeding had only a minor impact on markers of inflammation or lipogenesis in adipose tissue or intestine, 3% of grapes decreased the intestinal abundance of sulfidogenic Desulfobacter spp. and the Bilophila wadsworthia-specific dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene and tended to increase the abundance of the beneficial bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila compared to controls. In addition, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Allobaculum and several other genera correlated negatively with adiposity. Allobaculum in particular was increased in the LF and 3% grapes groups compared to the HF-fed controls. Notably, grape feeding attenuated the HF-induced impairment in epithelial localization of the intestinal tight junction protein zonula occludens. Collectively, these data indicate that some of the adverse health consequences of consuming an HF diet rich in saturated fat can be attenuated by table grape consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Baldwin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Brian Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Patricia G Wolf
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology & Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | | | - Wan Shen
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG-NCRC, Kannapolis, NC
| | - Paula Cooney
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC
| | - Chase Cockrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Eugene Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - H Rex Gaskins
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology & Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Michael K McIntosh
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC.
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12
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Singh CK, Liu X, Ahmad N. Resveratrol, in its natural combination in whole grape, for health promotion and disease management. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1348:150-60. [PMID: 26099945 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The grape antioxidant resveratrol has been a topic of intense research for the past three decades. Resveratrol and other grape ingredients, as well as whole-grape products, have shown considerable promise in health promotion and disease management. Phytochemically, whole grape represents a natural combination of resveratrol and other phytonutrients, as it contains several catechins, anthocyanins, polyphenols, and flavonols. Thus, whole grape products or specific combinations of grape constituents provide us with the possibility of synergistic interactions leading to improved efficacy. Recent research has suggested that whole-grape products may help in maintaining heart health and protect against aging, aging-associated diseases, neurodegeneration, and some cancers. On the basis of available recent literature, the grape fruit or whole-grape products seem to be safer choices for better health and disease prevention. However, for advanced disease conditions, individual grape ingredients (such as resveratrol) or combinations of multiple ingredients, together with existing therapies, appear to be better approaches. Further clinical studies are needed to understand the benefits of grapes and their products in the prevention and management of specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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13
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Manivannan J, Shanthakumar J, Silambarasan T, Balamurugan E, Raja B. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, prevents hypertension, cardiac remodeling and oxidative stress in adenine induced chronic renal failure rats. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of hypertension, cardiac remodeling and oxidative stress in chronic renal failure (CRF) rats by diosgenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeganathan Manivannan
- Cardiovascular Biology Lab
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Annamalai University
- India
| | - Janakiraman Shanthakumar
- Cardiovascular Biology Lab
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Annamalai University
- India
| | - Thangarasu Silambarasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Lab
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Annamalai University
- India
| | - Elumalai Balamurugan
- Cardiovascular Biology Lab
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Annamalai University
- India
| | - Boobalan Raja
- Cardiovascular Biology Lab
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Annamalai University
- India
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14
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Silambarasan T, Manivannan J, Krishna Priya M, Suganya N, Chatterjee S, Raja B. Sinapic acid prevents hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in pharmacological model of nitric oxide inhibited rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115682. [PMID: 25531679 PMCID: PMC4274097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hypertensive heart disease is a constellation of abnormalities that includes cardiac fibrosis in response to elevated blood pressure, systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of sinapic acid on high blood pressure and cardiovascular remodeling. Methods An experimental hypertensive animal model was induced by L-NAME intake on rats. Sinapic acid (SA) was orally administered at a dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood pressure was measured by tail cuff plethysmography system. Cardiac and vascular function was evaluated by Langendorff isolated heart system and organ bath studies, respectively. Fibrotic remodeling of heart and aorta was assessed by histopathologic analyses. Oxidative stress was measured by biochemical assays. mRNA and protein expressions were assessed by RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. In order to confirm the protective role of SA on endothelial cells through its antioxidant property, we have utilized the in vitro model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress in EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Results Rats with hypertension showed elevated blood pressure, declined myocardial performance associated with myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, diminished vascular response, nitric oxide (NO) metabolites level, elevated markers of oxidative stress (TBARS, LOOH), ACE activity, depleted antioxidant system (SOD, CAT, GPx, reduced GSH), aberrant expression of TGF-β, β-MHC, eNOS mRNAs and eNOS protein. Remarkably, SA attenuated high blood pressure, myocardial, vascular dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress and ACE activity. Level of NO metabolites, antioxidant system, and altered gene expression were also repaired by SA treatment. Results of in vitro study showed that, SA protects endothelial cells from oxidative stress and enhance the production of NO in a concentration dependent manner. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that SA may have beneficial role in the treatment of hypertensive heart disease by attenuating fibrosis and oxidative stress through its antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangarasu Silambarasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeganathan Manivannan
- Cardiovascular Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Krishna Priya
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Suganya
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Boobalan Raja
- Cardiovascular Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India
- * E-mail:
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15
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Dietary phytochemical index is inversely associated with the occurrence of hypertension in adults: a 3-year follow-up (the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study). Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:392-8. [PMID: 25387902 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The epidemiological association of phytochemical-rich foods with the risk of hypertension is unclear. This study aimed to determine the association of dietary phytochemical index (PI) with the occurrence of hypertension (HTN) after 3 years of follow-up in Tehranian adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS This prospective study was conducted on 1546 nonhypertensive subjects, aged 20-70 years. Dietary intake was collected by validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary PI was calculated as (dietary energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods (kcal)/total daily energy intake (kcal)) × 100. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and after 3 years of follow-up and HTN was defined by Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure criteria. The odds of HTN after 3 years in each quartile category of dietary PI were estimated by logistic regression model and adjusted for potential variables. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 38.0±12.0 years and 43% were male. The mean dietary PI was 29.1±11.8. After 3 years of follow-up, 265 (17.1%) new cases of HTN were identified. No significant changes were observed in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure across quartile categories of dietary PI. After adjustment for confounders, the odds (95% confidence interval) of HTN across quartiles of dietary PI were 1.00, 0.97 (0.62-1.38), 0.69 (0.45-1.07) and 0.52 (0.32-0.84) (P for trend=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of phytochemical-rich foods may prevent the development of HTN. Further investigations are, however, recommended.
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Kruger MJ, Davies N, Myburgh KH, Lecour S. Proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and cardiovascular diseases. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Gupta PK, DiPette DJ, Supowit SC. Protective effect of resveratrol against pressure overload-induced heart failure. Food Sci Nutr 2014; 2:218-29. [PMID: 24936291 PMCID: PMC4048607 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced pressure overload (PO) causes adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction that progresses to heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the potent antioxidant, resveratrol, significantly attenuates PO-induced HF in wild-type mice. Male C57BL6 mice were subjected to either sham or TAC surgery. One group of TAC mice was given daily resveratrol treatment. Echocardiographic, biometric, and immunohistological analyses were performed on the three groups of mice. All echocardiographic parameters demonstrated significantly greater adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in the TAC compared to the sham mice. Increases in the ratios of heart weight (HW)/body weight (BW) and lung weight (LW)/BW and a sharp decline in the percentage of ejection fraction and fractional shortening were found in TAC relative to sham mice. Likewise, the TAC protocol increased markers of oxidative stress, cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, hypoxia, and apoptosis. These pathological changes were significantly attenuated by resveratrol treatment. Resveratrol treatment significantly attenuates the adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction produced by the TAC protocol in C57/BL6 mice and this activity is mediated, at least in part, by the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation indicating a therapeutic potential of resveratrol in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash K Gupta
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Donald J DiPette
- Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Scott C Supowit
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina
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Seymour EM, Bennink MR, Bolling SF. Diet-relevant phytochemical intake affects the cardiac AhR and nrf2 transcriptome and reduces heart failure in hypertensive rats. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1580-6. [PMID: 23528973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intake of phytochemical-rich diets is inversely related to hypertension. Phytochemicals alter in vitro aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and NF-E2 related factor (nrf2) transcription factor activity and related genes pertinent to antioxidant defense. However, it is unknown if these molecular effects occur in the heart with dietary intake of physiologically relevant phytochemicals and if this correlates with reduced hypertension-associated heart failure. This extended feeding study used whole grapes as a model of a phytochemical-rich food and hypertensive heart failure-prone rats to assess mechanisms of effect. Grape intake reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and improved diastolic function. At the development of diastolic dysfunction, hypertensive rats show reduced AhR activity, reduced expression of AhR-regulated genes, reduced glutathione and reduced activity of glutathione-regulating proteins. However, grape intake significantly increased cardiac AhR and nrf2 activity, Phase I/II gene transcripts and protein activity related to antioxidant defense. Heart failure is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the aged and the intake of phytochemicals from fruits and vegetables decreases with age. Concentrated antioxidant nutrient trials have failed to affect heart failure. However, this study demonstrates that diet-relevant intake of non-nutrient phytochemicals significantly reduces heart failure progression. Therefore, this study suggests that higher intake of phytochemical-containing foods may achieve cardiac benefits that isolated antioxidant supplements may not. In summary, intake of diet-relevant phytochemicals altered the cardiac antioxidant transcriptome, antioxidant defense, oxidative damage and fibrosis. Regular phytochemical intake may therefore increase cardiac resistance to cardiac pathology instigated by prolonged hypertension.
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Chuang CC, Shen W, Chen H, Xie G, Jia W, Chung S, McIntosh MK. Differential effects of grape powder and its extract on glucose tolerance and chronic inflammation in high-fat-fed obese mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:12458-12468. [PMID: 23210691 DOI: 10.1021/jf3028107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory properties of grape powder (GP) or GP extract (GE) and examine (1) which polyphenol metabolites in GE were bioavailable, (2) the impact of GP and GE on glucose tolerance and inflammation in obese mice, and (3) if bioavailable polyphenols in GE decrease markers of inflammation in primary adipocytes. In experiment 1, C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with GE and serum polyphenols were measured. In experiment 2, mice were fed high-fat diets supplemented with 3% GP or 0.02% GE for 18 weeks and markers of inflammation were measured. In experiment 3, human adipocytes were treated with the bioavailable polyphenols quercetin 3-O-glucoside (Q3G) or quercetin 3-O-glucuronide (Q3GN) and markers of inflammation were measured. Serum Q3G and Q3GN increased at 1 h post-GE gavage and decreased thereafter. GP supplementation improved glucose tolerance at 5 weeks and decreased markers of inflammation ∼20-50% in serum and adipose tissue at 18 weeks. Q3G, but not Q3GN, attenuated TNFα-mediated inflammatory gene expression ∼30-40% in human adipocytes, possibly by suppressing c-Jun-NH(2) terminal kinase and c-Jun activation. In summary, (1) Q3G and Q3GN are bioavailable polyphenols in GE, (2) GP acutely improves glucose tolerance and chronically reduces markers of inflammation in obese mice, and (3) Q3G reduces several markers of inflammation in human adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Chuang
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , 318 Stone Building, 319 College Avenue, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
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Hummel SL, Seymour EM, Brook RD, Kolias TJ, Sheth SS, Rosenblum HR, Wells JM, Weder AB. Low-sodium dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet reduces blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and oxidative stress in hypertensive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Hypertension 2012; 60:1200-6. [PMID: 23033371 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.202705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction contribute to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). In salt-sensitive HFPEF animal models, diets low in sodium and high in potassium, calcium, magnesium, and antioxidants attenuate oxidative stress and cardiovascular damage. We hypothesized that the sodium-restricted Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (DASH/SRD) would have similar effects in human hypertensive HFPEF. Thirteen patients with treated hypertension and compensated HFPEF consumed the DASH/SRD for 21 days (all food/most beverages provided). The DASH/SRD reduced clinic systolic (155-138 mm Hg; P=0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (79-72 mm Hg; P=0.04), 24-hour ambulatory systolic (130-123 mm Hg; P=0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (67-62 mm Hg; P=0.02), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (12.4-11.0 m/s; P=0.03). Urinary F2-isoprostanes decreased by 31% (209-144 pmol/mmol Cr; P=0.02) despite increased urinary aldosterone excretion. The reduction in urinary F2-isoprostanes closely correlated with the reduction in urinary sodium excretion on the DASH/SRD. In this cohort of HFPEF patients with treated hypertension, the DASH/SRD reduced systemic blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and oxidative stress. These findings are characteristic of salt-sensitive hypertension, a phenotype present in many HFPEF animal models and suggest shared pathophysiological mechanisms linking these 2 conditions. Further dietary modification studies could provide insights into the development and progression of hypertensive HFPEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Hummel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Dr, CVC Room 2383, SPC 5853, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Thandapilly SJ, LeMaistre JL, Louis XL, Anderson CM, Netticadan T, Anderson HD. Vascular and cardiac effects of grape powder in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:1070-6. [PMID: 22785408 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2012.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red grapes, attenuated changes in small artery geometry and stiffness, as well as cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac function in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). However, in addition to resveratrol, grapes contain a variety of bioactive polyphenols such as catechins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids. Therefore, we investigated the effects of grape consumption in SHR. METHODS Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR were treated with freeze-dried grape powder for 10 weeks. Dilatory, geometry, and stiffness properties of mesenteric small arteries were assessed by pressurized myography. Left ventricular mass index and cardiac function were assessed by two-dimensional guided M-mode and pulse-wave Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS Elevated blood pressure in SHR was associated with remodeling and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of small arteries. Augmented left ventricular mass index (reflecting hypertrophy) and diminished cardiac function were also evident in SHR. Although grape treatment failed to affect cardiac dysfunction, it elicited a significant reduction in blood pressure, improved arterial relaxation, increased vascular compliance, and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with whole grape powder conferred mild vascular and cardiac benefits in SHR. Therefore, dietary grape consumption may be a feasible and salutary adjunct to pharmacological treatment of human hypertension.
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Rimbaud S, Ruiz M, Piquereau J, Mateo P, Fortin D, Veksler V, Garnier A, Ventura-Clapier R. Resveratrol improves survival, hemodynamics and energetics in a rat model of hypertension leading to heart failure. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26391. [PMID: 22028869 PMCID: PMC3196575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is characterized by contractile dysfunction associated with altered energy metabolism. This study was aimed at determining whether resveratrol, a polyphenol known to activate energy metabolism, could be beneficial as a metabolic therapy of HF. Survival, ventricular and vascular function as well as cardiac and skeletal muscle energy metabolism were assessed in a hypertensive model of HF, the Dahl salt-sensitive rat fed with a high-salt diet (HS-NT). Resveratrol (18 mg/kg/day; HS-RSV) was given for 8 weeks after hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy were established (which occurred 3 weeks after salt addition). Resveratrol treatment improved survival (64% in HS-RSV versus 15% in HS-NT, p<0.001), and prevented the 25% reduction in body weight in HS-NT (P<0.001). Moreover, RSV counteracted the development of cardiac dysfunction (fractional shortening −34% in HS-NT) as evaluated by echocardiography, which occurred without regression of hypertension or hypertrophy. Moreover, aortic endothelial dysfunction present in HS-NT was prevented in resveratrol-treated rats. Resveratrol treatment tended to preserve mitochondrial mass and biogenesis and completely protected mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α) expression. We conclude that resveratrol treatment exerts beneficial protective effects on survival, endothelium–dependent smooth muscle relaxation and cardiac contractile and mitochondrial function, suggesting that resveratrol or metabolic activators could be a relevant therapy in hypertension-induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Rimbaud
- UMR-S 769 Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud Châtenay-Malabry, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- UMR-S 769 Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud Châtenay-Malabry, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jérôme Piquereau
- UMR-S 769 Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud Châtenay-Malabry, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Philippe Mateo
- UMR-S 769 Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud Châtenay-Malabry, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Dominique Fortin
- UMR-S 769 Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud Châtenay-Malabry, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vladimir Veksler
- UMR-S 769 Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud Châtenay-Malabry, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anne Garnier
- UMR-S 769 Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud Châtenay-Malabry, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Renée Ventura-Clapier
- UMR-S 769 Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud Châtenay-Malabry, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- * E-mail:
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Chuang CC, McIntosh MK. Potential Mechanisms by Which Polyphenol-Rich Grapes Prevent Obesity-Mediated Inflammation and Metabolic Diseases. Annu Rev Nutr 2011; 31:155-76. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-072610-145149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael K. McIntosh
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402; ,
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Chuang CC, Bumrungpert A, Kennedy A, Overman A, West T, Dawson B, McIntosh MK. Grape powder extract attenuates tumor necrosis factor α-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in primary cultures of human adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 22:89-94. [PMID: 20382011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Grapes are rich in phenolic phytochemicals that possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the ability of grape powder extract (GPE) to prevent inflammation and insulin resistance in human adipocytes caused by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), a cytokine elevated in plasma and white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese, diabetic individuals, is unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of GPE on markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in primary cultures of newly differentiated human adipocytes treated with TNFα. We found that GPE attenuated TNFα-induced expression of inflammatory genes including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2. GPE attenuated TNFα-mediated activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and activator protein-1 (AP-1, i.e., c-Jun). GPE also attenuated TNFα-mediated IκBα degradation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity. Finally, GPE prevented TNFα-induced expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B and phosphorylation of serine residue 307 of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), which are negative regulators of insulin sensitivity, and suppression of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Taken together, these data demonstrate that GPE attenuates TNFα-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in human adipocytes, possibly by suppressing the activation of ERK, JNK, c-Jun and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Chuang
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
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Seymour EM, Bennink MR, Watts SW, Bolling SF. Whole grape intake impacts cardiac peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and nuclear factor kappaB activity and cytokine expression in rats with diastolic dysfunction. Hypertension 2010; 55:1179-85. [PMID: 20231522 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.149393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged hypertension is the leading cause of heart failure. Failing hearts show reduced peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor (PPAR) activity and enhanced nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity, which together modify cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. In vitro studies suggest that phytochemicals alter PPAR and NF-kappaB activity, but the capabilities of a phytochemical-rich diet are less understood. Grapes contain an array of commonly consumed dietary phytochemicals. In Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats, we showed previously that dietary provision of whole table grape powder (3% weight:weight) for 18 weeks reduced blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction. The hypothesis tested here is that, in this model, phytochemical provision from whole grape powder impacts cardiac PPAR and NF-kappaB activity and their related gene transcripts. Grape-fed rats had enhanced PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma DNA binding activity but reduced NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. RT-PCR revealed that grape-fed rats showed upregulated mRNA for PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma coactivator-1alpha, PPAR-gamma, and the cytosolic NF-kappaB inhibitor, inhibitor-kappaBalpha. By contrast, grape-fed rats showed downregulated mRNA for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta1. Finally, grape-fed rats showed significantly reduced cardiac tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta protein expression, increased inhibitor-kappaBalpha expression, and reduced cardiac fibrosis. In the Dahl salt-sensitive rat, chronic intake of grapes altered cardiac transcripts related to PPAR and NF-kappaB that may be significant to the observed diet-associated cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mitchell Seymour
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Thandapilly SJ, Wojciechowski P, Behbahani J, Louis XL, Yu L, Juric D, Kopilas MA, Anderson HD, Netticadan T. Resveratrol prevents the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction in the SHR without lowering blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:192-6. [PMID: 19942861 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory enlargement of the heart in response to stress such as hypertension. It is beneficial in reducing stress placed on the heart. However, when the stress is of a chronic nature, it becomes pathological and leads to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Current treatments for hypertension and heart failure have proven beneficial but are not highly specific and associated with side effects. Accordingly, there is an important need for alternative strategies to provide safe and effective treatment. METHODS Ten-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with resveratrol (2.5 mg/kg/day) for a period of 10 weeks. Systolic blood pressure, and cardiac structure and function were measured in all groups at different time points of resveratrol treatment. Oxidative stress was also determined in all groups after 10 weeks of resveratrol treatment. RESULTS SHRs were characterized with high blood pressure and concentric hypertrophy from 15 weeks of age. Cardiac functional abnormalities were also evident in SHR from 15 weeks onwards. Resveratrol treatment significantly prevented the development of concentric hypertrophy, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction in SHR without lowering blood pressure. Resveratrol also significantly reduced the oxidative stress levels of cardiac tissue in SHR. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol treatment was beneficial in preventing the development of concentric hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction in SHR. The cardioprotective effect of resveratrol in SHR may be partially mediated by a reduction in oxidative stress. Thus, resveratrol may have potential in preventing cardiac impairment in patients with essential hypertension.
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Resveratrol alleviates some cardiac dysfunction indexes in an SHR model of essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:115. [PMID: 20087327 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic heart failure (CHF) is increasingly recognized as a multisystem disease with important comorbidities such as anemia, insulin resistance, autonomic dysbalance, or cardiac cachexia. RECENT FINDINGS Apart from these perturbations, increasing evidence points to alterations in intestinal morphology, permeability, and absorption function in patients with CHF. This review provides an overview of the sonographic, histological, and functional abnormalities of different gastrointestinal regions. This intestinal dysfunction and disturbed intestinal barrier may lead to both the chronic inflammatory state and catabolic/anabolic imbalance as seen in cardiac cachexia, as a terminal stage of CHF, which carries a particularly poor prognosis. This review highlights the current knowledge of nutritional abnormalities that may occur in CHF, including fat, carbohydrates, proteins, water, and micronutrients. The regulation of feeding is discussed, as are nutritional strategies with potentially anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of CHF. SUMMARY The gut and its role for inflammation and dietary interventions in heart failure patients are a crucial target of further heart failure research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Sandek
- Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany.
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