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Tamargo JA, Strath LJ, Cruz-Almeida Y. High-Impact Pain Is Associated With Epigenetic Aging Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae149. [PMID: 38855906 PMCID: PMC11226994 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain has been associated with accelerated biological aging, which may be related to epigenetic alterations. We evaluated the association of high-impact pain (ie, pain that limits activities and function) with epigenetic aging, a measure of biological aging, in a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults in the United States. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of adults 50 years of age and older from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study. Epigenetic aging was derived from 13 epigenetic clocks based on DNA methylation patterns that predict aging correlates of morbidity and mortality. Ordinary least squares regressions were performed to test for differences in the epigenetic clocks, adjusting for the complex survey design, as well as biological, social, and behavioral factors. RESULTS The analysis consisted of 3 855 adults with mean age of 68.5 years, including 59.8% with no pain and 25.8% with high-impact pain. Consistent with its operational definition, high-impact pain was associated with greater functional and activity limitations. High-impact pain was associated with accelerated epigenetic aging compared to no pain, as measured via second (Zhang, PhenoAge, GrimAge) and third (DunedinPoAm) generation epigenetic clocks. Additionally, GrimAge was accelerated in high-impact pain as compared to low-impact pain. CONCLUSIONS High-impact pain is associated with accelerated epigenetic aging among middle-aged and older adults in the United States. These findings highlight aging-associated epigenetic alterations in high-impact chronic pain and suggest a potential for epigenetic therapeutic approaches for pain management and the preservation of physical function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Tamargo
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Larissa J Strath
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yenisel Cruz-Almeida
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Shiau S, Zumpano F, Wang Z, Shah J, Tien PC, Ross RD, Sharma A, Yin MT. Epigenetic Aging and Musculoskeletal Outcomes in a Cohort of Women Living With HIV. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1803-1811. [PMID: 38366369 PMCID: PMC11175700 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between accelerated epigenetic aging and musculoskeletal outcomes in women with HIV (WWH) has not been studied. METHODS We measured DNA methylation age using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip in a cohort from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (n = 190) with measures of bone mineral density (BMD) and physical function. We estimated 6 biomarkers of epigenetic aging-epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), extrinsic EAA, intrinsic EAA, GrimAge, PhenoAge, and DNA methylation-estimated telomere length-and evaluated associations of epigenetic aging measures with BMD and physical function. We also performed epigenome-wide association studies to examine associations of DNA methylation signatures with BMD and physical function. RESULTS This study included 118 WWH (mean age, 49.7 years; 69% Black) and 72 without HIV (mean age, 48.9 years; 69% Black). WWH had higher EAA (mean ± SD, 1.44 ± 5.36 vs -1.88 ± 5.07; P < .001) and lower DNA methylation-estimated telomere length (7.13 ± 0.31 vs 7.34 ± 0.23, P < .001) than women without HIV. There were no significant associations between accelerated epigenetic aging and BMD. Rather, measures of accelerated epigenetic aging were associated with lower physical function. CONCLUSIONS Accelerated epigenetic aging was observed in WWH as compared with women without HIV and was associated with lower physical function in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Shiau
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Francesca Zumpano
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jayesh Shah
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Phyllis C Tien
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Michael T Yin
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Föhr T, Hendrix A, Kankaanpää A, Laakkonen EK, Kujala U, Pietiläinen KH, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Wang X, Kaprio J, Ollikainen M, Sillanpää E. Metabolic syndrome and epigenetic aging: a twin study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:778-787. [PMID: 38273034 PMCID: PMC11129944 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with premature aging, but whether this association is driven by genetic or lifestyle factors remains unclear. METHODS Two independent discovery cohorts, consisting of twins and unrelated individuals, were examined (N = 268, aged 23-69 years). The findings were replicated in two cohorts from the same base population. One consisted of unrelated individuals (N = 1 564), and the other of twins (N = 293). Participants' epigenetic age, estimated using blood DNA methylation data, was determined using the epigenetic clocks GrimAge and DunedinPACE. The individual-level linear regression models for investigating the associations of MetS and its components with epigenetic aging were followed by within-twin-pair analyses using fixed-effects regression models to account for genetic factors. RESULTS In individual-level analyses, GrimAge age acceleration was higher among participants with MetS (N = 56) compared to participants without MetS (N = 212) (mean 2.078 [95% CI = 0.996,3.160] years vs. -0.549 [-1.053,-0.045] years, between-group p = 3.5E-5). Likewise, the DunedinPACE estimate was higher among the participants with MetS compared to the participants without MetS (1.032 [1.002,1.063] years/calendar year vs. 0.911 [0.896,0.927] years/calendar year, p = 4.8E-11). An adverse profile in terms of specific MetS components was associated with accelerated aging. However, adjustments for lifestyle attenuated these associations; nevertheless, for DunedinPACE, they remained statistically significant. The within-twin-pair analyses suggested that genetics explains these associations fully for GrimAge and partly for DunedinPACE. The replication analyses provided additional evidence that the association between MetS components and accelerated aging is independent of the lifestyle factors considered in this study, however, suggesting that genetics is a significant confounder in this association. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggests that MetS is associated with accelerated epigenetic aging, independent of physical activity, smoking or alcohol consumption, and that the association may be explained by genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Föhr
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Arne Hendrix
- Physical Activity, Sport & Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Kankaanpää
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Healthy Weight Hub, Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute (GPI), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Sillanpää
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- The Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Silva N, Rajado AT, Esteves F, Brito D, Apolónio J, Roberto VP, Binnie A, Araújo I, Nóbrega C, Bragança J, Castelo-Branco P. Measuring healthy ageing: current and future tools. Biogerontology 2023; 24:845-866. [PMID: 37439885 PMCID: PMC10615962 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Human ageing is a complex, multifactorial process characterised by physiological damage, increased risk of age-related diseases and inevitable functional deterioration. As the population of the world grows older, placing significant strain on social and healthcare resources, there is a growing need to identify reliable and easy-to-employ markers of healthy ageing for early detection of ageing trajectories and disease risk. Such markers would allow for the targeted implementation of strategies or treatments that can lessen suffering, disability, and dependence in old age. In this review, we summarise the healthy ageing scores reported in the literature, with a focus on the past 5 years, and compare and contrast the variables employed. The use of approaches to determine biological age, molecular biomarkers, ageing trajectories, and multi-omics ageing scores are reviewed. We conclude that the ideal healthy ageing score is multisystemic and able to encompass all of the potential alterations associated with ageing. It should also be longitudinal and able to accurately predict ageing complications at an early stage in order to maximize the chances of successful early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Campus Gambelas, Bld.2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Rajado
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Campus Gambelas, Bld.2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Campus Gambelas, Bld.2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - David Brito
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Campus Gambelas, Bld.2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Joana Apolónio
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Campus Gambelas, Bld.2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Palma Roberto
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Campus Gambelas, Bld.2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- ABC Collaborative Laboratory, Association for Integrated Aging and Rejuvenation Solutions (ABC CoLAB), 8100-735, Loulé, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Binnie
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Campus Gambelas, Bld.2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, Bld. 2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Critical Care, William Osler Health System, Etobicoke, ON, Canada
| | - Inês Araújo
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Campus Gambelas, Bld.2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- ABC Collaborative Laboratory, Association for Integrated Aging and Rejuvenation Solutions (ABC CoLAB), 8100-735, Loulé, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, Bld. 2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Campus Gambelas, Bld.2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- ABC Collaborative Laboratory, Association for Integrated Aging and Rejuvenation Solutions (ABC CoLAB), 8100-735, Loulé, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, Bld. 2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Campus Gambelas, Bld.2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- ABC Collaborative Laboratory, Association for Integrated Aging and Rejuvenation Solutions (ABC CoLAB), 8100-735, Loulé, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, Bld. 2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Campus Gambelas, Bld.2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- ABC Collaborative Laboratory, Association for Integrated Aging and Rejuvenation Solutions (ABC CoLAB), 8100-735, Loulé, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, Bld. 2, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
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5
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Silva N, Rajado AT, Esteves F, Brito D, Apolónio J, Roberto VP, Binnie A, Araújo I, Nóbrega C, Bragança J, Castelo-Branco P, Andrade RP, Calado S, Faleiro ML, Matos C, Marques N, Marreiros A, Nzwalo H, Pais S, Palmeirim I, Simão S, Joaquim N, Miranda R, Pêgas A, Sardo A. Measuring healthy ageing: current and future tools. Biogerontology 2023. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s10522-023-10041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHuman ageing is a complex, multifactorial process characterised by physiological damage, increased risk of age-related diseases and inevitable functional deterioration. As the population of the world grows older, placing significant strain on social and healthcare resources, there is a growing need to identify reliable and easy-to-employ markers of healthy ageing for early detection of ageing trajectories and disease risk. Such markers would allow for the targeted implementation of strategies or treatments that can lessen suffering, disability, and dependence in old age. In this review, we summarise the healthy ageing scores reported in the literature, with a focus on the past 5 years, and compare and contrast the variables employed. The use of approaches to determine biological age, molecular biomarkers, ageing trajectories, and multi-omics ageing scores are reviewed. We conclude that the ideal healthy ageing score is multisystemic and able to encompass all of the potential alterations associated with ageing. It should also be longitudinal and able to accurately predict ageing complications at an early stage in order to maximize the chances of successful early intervention.
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Peterson JA, Crow JA, Johnson AJ, Meng L, Rani A, Huo Z, Foster TC, Fillingim RB, Cruz-Almeida Y. Pain interference mediates the association between epigenetic aging and grip strength in middle to older aged males and females with chronic pain. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1122364. [PMID: 37032822 PMCID: PMC10077493 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1122364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic pain is one of the leading causes of disability that may accelerate biological aging and reduce physical function. Epigenetic clocks provide an estimate of how the system ages and can predict health outcomes such as physical function. Physical function declines may be attributed to decreases in muscle quality due to disuse that can be measured quickly and noninvasively using grip strength. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations among self-reported pain, grip strength, and epigenetic aging in those with chronic pain. Methods Participants (57.91 ± 8.04 years) completed pain questionnaires, a blood draw and hand grip strength task. We used an epigenetic clock previously associated with knee pain (DNAmGrimAge), and used the subsequent difference of predicted epigenetic age from chronological age (DNAmGrimAge-Difference). Results Exploratory pathway analyses revealed that pain intensity mediated the association between DNAmGrimAge-difference and handgrip strength in males only (β = -0.1115; CI [-0.2929, -0.0008]) and pain interference mediated the association between DNAmGrimAge-difference and handgrip strength in males β = -0.1401; CI [-0.3400, -0.0222]), and females (β = -0.024; CI [-0.2918, -0.0020]). Discussion Chronic knee pain may accelerate epigenetic aging processes that may influence handgrip strength in older age adults. Chronic pain could be a symptom of the aging body thus contributing to declines in musculoskeletal function in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Peterson
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joshua A. Crow
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alisa J. Johnson
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lingsong Meng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Asha Rani
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Thomas C. Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Roger B. Fillingim
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yenisel Cruz-Almeida
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Functional Aging: Integrating Functionality to a Multidimensional Assessment of Healthy Aging. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2023; 2023:9409918. [PMID: 36748046 PMCID: PMC9899138 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9409918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the number of old adults will peak in the coming decades. Relying solely on the chronological age to make treatment decisions and shape general or specific societal and medical considerations may reinforce ageism and lead to flawed reasoning. Defining physiological age using biological markers is not yet reliable, and an approach based on comorbidities without considering their impact on quality of life is inadequate. A multidimensional approach with strong integration of functionality is presented here to draw a real-world aging approach, easily accessible, clinically relevant, and of societal value.
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Herranen P, Palviainen T, Rantanen T, Tiainen K, Viljanen A, Kaprio J, Sillanpää E. A Polygenic Risk Score for Hand Grip Strength Predicts Muscle Strength and Proximal and Distal Functional Outcomes among Older Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1889-1896. [PMID: 35776845 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hand grip strength (HGS) is a widely used indicator of overall muscle strength and general health. We computed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for HGS and examined whether it predicted muscle strength, functional capacity, and disability outcomes. METHODS Genomewide association study summary statistics for HGS from the Pan-UK Biobank was used. PRS were calculated in the Finnish Twin Study on Aging ( N = 429 women, 63-76 yr). Strength tests included HGS, isometric knee extension, and ankle plantarflexion strength. Functional capacity was examined with the Timed Up and Go, 6-min and 10-m walk tests, and dual-task tests. Disabilities in the basic activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) were investigated with questionnaires. The proportion of variation in outcomes accounted for by PRS HGS was examined using linear mixed models and extended logistic regression. RESULTS The measured HGS increased linearly over increasing PRS ( β = 4.8, SE = 0.93, P < 0.001). PRS HGS independently accounted for 6.1% of the variation in the measured HGS ( β = 14.2, SE = 3.1, P < 0.001), 5.4% of the variation in knee extension strength ( β = 19.6, SE = 4.7, P < 0.001), 1.2% of the variation in ankle plantarflexion strength ( β = 9.4, SE = 4.2, P = 0.027), and 0.1%-1.5% of the variation in functional capacity tests ( P = 0.016-0.133). Further, participants with higher PRS HGS were less likely to have ADL/IADL disabilities (odds ratio = 0.74-0.76). CONCLUSIONS Older women with genetic risk for low muscle strength were significantly weaker than those with genetic susceptibility for high muscle strength. PRS HGS was also systematically associated with overall muscle strength and proximal and distal functional outcomes that require muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Herranen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | | | - Taina Rantanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Kristina Tiainen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, FINLAND
| | - Anne Viljanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, FINLAND
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Epigenetic clock: A promising biomarker and practical tool in aging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101743. [PMID: 36206857 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
As a complicated process, aging is characterized by various changes at the cellular, subcellular and nuclear levels, one of which is epigenetic aging. With increasing awareness of the critical role that epigenetic alternations play in aging, DNA methylation patterns have been employed as a measure of biological age, currently referred to as the epigenetic clock. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epigenetic clock as a biomarker of aging and a useful tool to manage healthy aging. In this burgeoning scientific field, various kinds of epigenetic clocks continue to emerge, including Horvath's clock, Hannum's clock, DNA PhenoAge, and DNA GrimAge. We hereby present the most classic epigenetic clocks, as well as their differences. Correlations of epigenetic age with morbidity, mortality and other factors suggest the potential of epigenetic clocks for risk prediction and identification in the context of aging. In particular, we summarize studies on promising age-reversing interventions, with epigenetic clocks employed as a practical tool in the efficacy evaluation. We also discuss how the lack of higher-quality information poses a major challenge, and offer some suggestions to address existing obstacles. Hopefully, our review will help provide an appropriate understanding of the epigenetic clocks, thereby enabling novel insights into the aging process and how it can be manipulated to promote healthy aging.
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