1
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Lee H, Lee SJV. Recent Progress in Regulation of Aging by Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cells 2022; 45:763-770. [PMID: 36380728 PMCID: PMC9676989 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a major model organism to identify genetic factors that regulate organismal aging and longevity. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF- 1) signaling (IIS) regulates aging in many species, ranging from nematodes to humans. C. elegans is a nonpathogenic genetic nematode model, which has been extensively utilized to identify molecular and cellular components that function in organismal aging and longevity. Here, we review the recent progress in the role of IIS in aging and longevity, which involves direct regulation of protein and RNA homeostasis, stress resistance, metabolism and the activities of the endocrine system. We also discuss recently identified genetic factors that interact with canonical IIS components to regulate aging and health span in C. elegans. We expect this review to provide valuable insights into understanding animal aging, which could eventually help develop anti-aging drugs for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseul Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae V. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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2
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Hussain S, Yadav SS, Dwivedi P, Banerjee M, Usman K, Nath R, Khattri S. SNPs of FOXO1 and Their Interactions Contributes to the Enhanced Risk of Diabetes Among Elderly Individuals. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:381-389. [PMID: 35325578 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have assessed the impact of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) and their interaction on susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus in geriatric population from northern India. We genotyped three SNPs (rs2721068, rs17446614, and rs4581585) of FOXO1 gene in 190 elderly individuals with diabetes and 182 unrelated healthy controls of similar ethnicity by using TaqMan SNP assays. SNP-SNP and SNP-environment interactions among polymorphic loci were studied by the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. The AA genotype carriers of rs17446614 was associated with the increased susceptibility of diabetes in both adjusted and unadjusted model, whereas rs4581585 was associated with the risk in unadjusted model only. Genotype and minor allele interaction with quantitative parameters revealed that AA genotype of rs17446614 had significantly higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in diabetic subjects, also minor allele (A) in patients was positively associated with FPG and glycated hemoglobin. Haplotype Trs2721068Grs17446614Trs4581585 increases the risk of diabetes, whereas carrier of haplotypes Crs2721068Grs17446614Crs4581585 and Crs2721068 Grs17446614Trs4581585 were protective. The MDR analysis revealed that interaction of rs17446614 with body mass index (BMI) increased the susceptibility of diabetes. Therefore presence of rs17446614 variant and its interaction with BMI and haplotype Trs2721068Grs17446614Trs4581585 modulates the risk of diabetes and can be used as a promising tool for identifying high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,ICMR-RMRC, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suraj Singh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kauser Usman
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Nath
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Khattri
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Zia A, Farkhondeh T, Sahebdel F, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Samarghandian S. Key miRNAs in Modulating Aging and Longevity: A Focus on Signaling Pathways and Cellular Targets. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:736-762. [PMID: 34533452 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210917141541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial procedure accompanied by gradual deterioration of most biological procedures of cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of mRNAs through sequence-specific binding, and contributing to many crucial aspects of cell biology. Several miRNAs are expressed differently in various organisms through aging. The function of miRNAs in modulating aging procedures has been disclosed recently with the detection of miRNAs that modulate longevity in the invertebrate model organisms, through the IIS pathway. In these model organisms, several miRNAs have been detected to both negatively and positively regulate lifespan via commonly aging pathways. miRNAs modulate age-related procedures and disorders in different mammalian tissues by measuring their tissue-specific expression in older and younger counterparts, including heart, skin, bone, brain, and muscle tissues. Moreover, several miRNAs have been contributed to modulating senescence in different human cells, and the roles of these miRNAs in modulating cellular senescence have allowed illustrating some mechanisms of aging. The review discusses the available data on miRNAs through the aging process and we highlight the roles of miRNAs as aging biomarkers and regulators of longevity in cellular senescence, tissue aging, and organism lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliabbas Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Faezeh Sahebdel
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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4
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Ryu S, Han J, Norden‐Krichmar TM, Zhang Q, Lee S, Zhang Z, Atzmon G, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD, Barzilai N, Schork NJ, Suh Y. Genetic signature of human longevity in PKC and NF-κB signaling. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13362. [PMID: 34197020 PMCID: PMC8282271 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene variants associated with longevity are also associated with protection against cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that common physiologic pathways act at the interface of longevity and cognitive function. To test the hypothesis that variants in genes implicated in cognitive function may promote exceptional longevity, we performed a comprehensive 3‐stage study to identify functional longevity‐associated variants in ~700 candidate genes in up to 450 centenarians and 500 controls by target capture sequencing analysis. We found an enrichment of longevity‐associated genes in the nPKC and NF‐κB signaling pathways by gene‐based association analyses. Functional analysis of the top three gene variants (NFKBIA, CLU, PRKCH) suggests that non‐coding variants modulate the expression of cognate genes, thereby reducing signaling through the nPKC and NF‐κB. This matches genetic studies in multiple model organisms, suggesting that the evolutionary conservation of reduced PKC and NF‐κB signaling pathways in exceptional longevity may include humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Ryu
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Jeehae Han
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | | | - Quanwei Zhang
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Seunggeun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
- Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Insitute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Paul D. Robbins
- Insitute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Nicholas J. Schork
- The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute La Jolla CA USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Genetics and Development Columbia University New York NY USA
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5
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Son HG, Seo K, Seo M, Park S, Ham S, An SWA, Choi ES, Lee Y, Baek H, Kim E, Ryu Y, Ha CM, Hsu AL, Roh TY, Jang SK, Lee SJV. Prefoldin 6 mediates longevity response from heat shock factor 1 to FOXO in C. elegans. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1562-1575. [PMID: 30478249 PMCID: PMC6295163 DOI: 10.1101/gad.317362.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) and forkhead box O (FOXO) are key transcription factors that protect cells from various stresses. In Caenorhabditis elegans, HSF-1 and FOXO together promote a long life span when insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) is reduced. However, it remains poorly understood how HSF-1 and FOXO cooperate to confer IIS-mediated longevity. Here, we show that prefoldin 6 (PFD-6), a component of the molecular chaperone prefoldin-like complex, relays longevity response from HSF-1 to FOXO under reduced IIS. We found that PFD-6 was specifically required for reduced IIS-mediated longevity by acting in the intestine and hypodermis. We showed that HSF-1 increased the levels of PFD-6 proteins, which in turn directly bound FOXO and enhanced its transcriptional activity. Our work suggests that the prefoldin-like chaperone complex mediates longevity response from HSF-1 to FOXO to increase the life span in animals with reduced IIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heehwa G Son
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Keunhee Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Mihwa Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea.,Center for plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, South Korea.,Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Sangsoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Seokjin Ham
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Seon Woo A An
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Haeshim Baek
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Youngjae Ryu
- Research Division, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, South Korea
| | - Chang Man Ha
- Research Division, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, South Korea
| | - Ao-Lin Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Research Center for Healthy Aging, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Sung Key Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae V Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
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6
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Sebastiani P, Gurinovich A, Bae H, Andersen SL, Perls TT. Assortative Mating by Ethnicity in Longevous Families. Front Genet 2017; 8:186. [PMID: 29209360 PMCID: PMC5702482 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work shows strong evidence of ancestry-based assortative mating in spouse pairs of the older generation of the Framingham Heart Study. Here, we extend this analysis to two studies of human longevity: the Long Life Family Study (LLFS), and the New England Centenarian Study (NECS). In the LLFS, we identified 890 spouse pairs spanning two generations, while in the NECS we used data from 102 spouse pairs including offspring of centenarians. We used principal components of genome-wide genotype data to demonstrate strong evidence of ancestry-based assortative mating in spouse pairs of the older generation and also confirm the decreasing trend of endogamy in more recent generations. These findings in studies of human longevity suggest that spouses marrying into longevous families may not be powerful controls for genetic association studies, and that there may be important ethnicity-specific, genetic influences and/or gene–environment interactions that influence extreme survival in old generations. In addition, the decreasing trend of genetic similarity of more recent generations might have ramifications for the incidence of homozygous rare variants necessary for survival to the most extreme ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Harold Bae
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Wu C, Smit E, Sanders JL, Newman AB, Odden MC. A Modified Healthy Aging Index and Its Association with Mortality: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1437-1444. [PMID: 28329253 PMCID: PMC5861904 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidity indices that are based on clinically recognized disease do not capture the full spectrum of health. The Healthy Aging Index (HAI) was recently developed to describe a wider range of health and disease across multiple organ systems. We characterized the distribution of a modified HAI (mHAI) by sociodemographics in a representative sample of the U.S. population. We also examined the association of the mHAI with mortality across individuals with different levels of clinically recognizable comorbidities. METHODS Data are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2000, 2001-2002) on 2,451 adults aged 60 years or older. Five mHAI components (systolic blood pressure, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, cystatin C, glucose, and respiratory problems) were scored 0 (healthiest), 1, or 2 (unhealthiest) by sex-specific tertiles or clinically relevant cutoffs and summed to construct the mHAI. RESULTS The mean mHAI score was 4.3; 20.6% had a score of 0-2. 33.2% had a score of 3-4, 31.0% had a score of 5-6, and 15.2% had a score of 7-10. Mean mHAI scores were lower in adults who were younger, non-Hispanic whites, more educated, and married/living with partner. After multivariate adjustment, per unit higher of the mHAI was associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.11-1.27) and higher cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.11-1.35). Within each comorbidity category (0, 1, 2, 3, 4+), the mHAI was still widely distributed and further stratified mortality. CONCLUSIONS Substantial variation exists in the mHAI across sociodemographic subgroups. The mHAI could provide incremental value for mortality risk prediction beyond clinically diagnosed chronic diseases among elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenkai Wu
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Ellen Smit
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Jason L Sanders
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle C Odden
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
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9
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Altintas O, Park S, Lee SJV. The role of insulin/IGF-1 signaling in the longevity of model invertebrates, C. elegans and D. melanogaster. BMB Rep 2016; 49:81-92. [PMID: 26698870 PMCID: PMC4915121 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling (IIS) pathway regulates
aging in many organisms, ranging from simple invertebrates to mammals, including
humans. Many seminal discoveries regarding the roles of IIS in aging and
longevity have been made by using the roundworm Caenorhabditis
elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In this
review, we describe the mechanisms by which various IIS components regulate
aging in C. elegans and D. melanogaster. We
also cover systemic and tissue-specific effects of the IIS components on the
regulation of lifespan. We further discuss IIS-mediated physiological processes
other than aging and their effects on human disease models focusing on
C. elegans studies. As both C. elegans and
D. melanogaster have been essential for key findings
regarding the effects of IIS on organismal aging in general, these invertebrate
models will continue to serve as workhorses to help our understanding of
mammalian aging. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(2): 81-92]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Altintas
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sangsoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae V Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, and Information Technology Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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10
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Abstract
AbstractEnergy restriction (ER; also known as caloric restriction) is the only nutritional intervention that has repeatedly been shown to increase lifespan in model organisms and may delay ageing in humans. In the present review we discuss current scientific literature on ER and its molecular, metabolic and hormonal effects. Moreover, criteria for the classification of substances that might induce positive ER-like changes without having to reduce energy intake are summarised. Additionally, the putative ER mimetics (ERM) 2-deoxy-d-glucose, metformin, rapamycin, resveratrol, spermidine and lipoic acid and their suggested molecular targets are discussed. While there are reports on these ERM candidates that describe lifespan extension in model organisms, data on longevity-inducing effects in higher organisms such as mice remain controversial or are missing. Furthermore, some of these candidates produce detrimental side effects such as immunosuppression or lactic acidosis, or have not been tested for safety in long-term studies. Up to now, there are no known ERM that could be recommended without limitations for use in humans.
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11
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Levine ME, Crimmins EM. A Genetic Network Associated With Stress Resistance, Longevity, and Cancer in Humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:703-12. [PMID: 26355015 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human longevity and diseases are likely influenced by multiple interacting genes within a few biologically conserved pathways. Using long-lived smokers as a phenotype (n = 90)-a group whose survival may signify innate resilience-we conducted a genome-wide association study comparing them to smokers at ages 52-69 (n = 730). These results were used to conduct a functional interaction network and pathway analysis, to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms that collectively related to smokers' longevity. We identified a set of 215 single nucleotide polymorphisms (all of which had p <5×10(-3) in the genome-wide association study) that were located within genes making-up a functional interaction network. These single nucleotide polymorphisms were then used to create a weighted polygenic risk score that, using an independent validation sample of nonsmokers (N = 6,447), was found to be significantly associated with a 22% increase in the likelihood of being aged 90-99 (n = 253) and an over threefold increase in the likelihood of being a centenarian (n = 4), compared with being at ages 52-79 (n = 4,900). Additionally, the polygenic risk score was also associated with an 11% reduction in cancer prevalence over up to 18 years (odds ratio: 0.89, p = .011). Overall, using a unique phenotype and incorporating prior knowledge of biological networks, this study identified a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms that together appear to be important for human aging, stress resistance, cancer, and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Levine
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.
| | - Eileen M Crimmins
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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12
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Castillo-Quan JI, Kinghorn KJ, Bjedov I. Genetics and pharmacology of longevity: the road to therapeutics for healthy aging. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2015; 90:1-101. [PMID: 26296933 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging can be defined as the progressive decline in tissue and organismal function and the ability to respond to stress that occurs in association with homeostatic failure and the accumulation of molecular damage. Aging is the biggest risk factor for human disease and results in a wide range of aging pathologies. Although we do not completely understand the underlying molecular basis that drives the aging process, we have gained exceptional insights into the plasticity of life span and healthspan from the use of model organisms such as the worm Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Single-gene mutations in key cellular pathways that regulate environmental sensing, and the response to stress, have been identified that prolong life span across evolution from yeast to mammals. These genetic manipulations also correlate with a delay in the onset of tissue and organismal dysfunction. While the molecular genetics of aging will remain a prosperous and attractive area of research in biogerontology, we are moving towards an era defined by the search for therapeutic drugs that promote healthy aging. Translational biogerontology will require incorporation of both therapeutic and pharmacological concepts. The use of model organisms will remain central to the quest for drug discovery, but as we uncover molecular processes regulated by repurposed drugs and polypharmacy, studies of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, drug toxicity, and therapeutic index will slowly become more prevalent in aging research. As we move from genetics to pharmacology and therapeutics, studies will not only require demonstration of life span extension and an underlying molecular mechanism, but also the translational relevance for human health and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Iván Castillo-Quan
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kerri J Kinghorn
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ivana Bjedov
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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13
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Morris BJ, Donlon TA, He Q, Grove JS, Masaki KH, Elliott A, Willcox DC, Allsopp R, Willcox BJ. Genetic analysis of TOR complex gene variation with human longevity: a nested case-control study of American men of Japanese ancestry. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 70:133-42. [PMID: 24589862 PMCID: PMC4366598 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is crucial for life span determination in model organisms. The aim of the present study was to test tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms that captured most of the genetic variation across key TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TOR complex 2 (TORC2) genes MTOR, RPTOR, and RICTOR and the important downstream effector gene RPS6KA1 for association with human longevity (defined as attainment of at least 95 years of age) as well as health span phenotypes. Subjects comprised a homogeneous population of American men of Japanese ancestry, well characterized for aging phenotypes and who have been followed for 48 years. The study used a nested case-control design involving 440 subjects aged 95 years and older and 374 controls. It found no association of 6 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms for MTOR, 61 for RPTOR, 7 for RICTOR, or 5 for RPS6KA1 with longevity. Of 40 aging-related phenotypes, no significant association with genotype was seen. Thus common genetic variation (minor allele frequency ≥10%) in MTOR, RPTOR, RICTOR, and RPS6KA1 is not associated with extreme old age or aging phenotypes in this population. Further research is needed to assess the potential genetic contribution of other mTOR pathway genes to human longevity, gene expression, upstream and downstream targets, and clinically relevant aging phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii. Basic & Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Qimei He
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - John S Grove
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Public Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Ayako Elliott
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - D Craig Willcox
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Richard Allsopp
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
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14
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Kahn AJ. FOXO3 and related transcription factors in development, aging, and exceptional longevity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:421-5. [PMID: 24747665 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In June 2013, a workshop was convened in San Francisco to explore, in depth, the role of the Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3 (and related FOXOs) in development, aging, and, in particular, exceptional longevity. The presentations covered results derived from model systems, computational analysis and bioinformatics, and genomics and genome-wide association studies of a number of cohorts. Although the data collectively strongly reinforce FOXO3 and the FOXO/FOXO3 pathway as very important determinants in aging and life span, much of the detail of how the latter is achieved still remains unknown, in part, because of the very large number of genes (~2,200 in Caenorhabditis elegans) the transcription factor is involved in helping regulate. Particularly challenging at the present time is understanding the association of apparently nonfunctional specific variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of FOXO3 and exceptional longevity in humans, a finding replicated in a number of studies. Nonetheless, as summarized in this report, valuable information and insights were presented at the workshop on the transcription factor including but not limited to its role in determining longevity in C elegans and Drosophila (in flies, eg, an important interaction in aging occurs between dFOXO and the transforming growth factor-β/activin pathway), stem cell function and aging (notably in hematopoiesis), downstream regulatory activity (eg, by binding near sites of RNAse occupancy and altering chromatin structure), and as a potential target for the development a healthy aging drug (in this example, using compounds developed and screened to effect FOXO function in cancer cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold J Kahn
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center. Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California.
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15
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Albani D, Ateri E, Mazzuco S, Ghilardi A, Rodilossi S, Biella G, Ongaro F, Antuono P, Boldrini P, Di Giorgi E, Frigato A, Durante E, Caberlotto L, Zanardo A, Siculi M, Gallucci M, Forloni G. Modulation of human longevity by SIRT3 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the prospective study "Treviso Longeva (TRELONG)". AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:469-478. [PMID: 23839864 PMCID: PMC3889902 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Human sirtuins are seven proteins with deacetylase activity that are emerging as key modulators of basic physiological functions. Some evidence links SIRT3 to longevity in mammals. This study aimed to investigate whether variants within SIRT3 gene were associated to human longevity. We analyzed 549 genomic DNA collected during the prospective study "Treviso Longeva," including elderly over 70 years of age from the municipality of Treviso, a small city in the northeast of Italy. We genotyped SIRT3 rs3825075, rs4980329, and rs11555236 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by real-time polymerase chain reaction allelic discrimination assay. A cross-sectional analysis performed by comparing people over and under 85 years of age did not evidence association among the SIRT3 SNPs and longevity. However, when we performed a longitudinal analysis considering mortality as a dependent variable, we observed an association of SIRT3 rs11555236 and rs4980329 with longevity in the whole population (p values corrected for potential confounders = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). After stratification according to gender, the same SNPs were associated to female longevity only (p values corrected for potential confounders = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Finally, as rs11555236 was reported to be in linkage disequilibrium with a putative functional enhancer within the SIRT3 gene, we assessed whether rs11555236 genotypes correlated with a different level of SIRT3 protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found an increased level of SIRT3 in subjects homozygous for the (T) allele. We suggest that SIRT3 genetic variability might be relevant for the modulation of human longevity in the Italian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Albani
- />Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ateri
- />Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Mazzuco
- />Department of Statistics, University of Padova, Via Cesare Battisti, 241, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Ghilardi
- />Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Rodilossi
- />Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Biella
- />Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Fausta Ongaro
- />Department of Statistics, University of Padova, Via Cesare Battisti, 241, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Piero Antuono
- />Dementia Research Center, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Paolo Boldrini
- />Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, General Hospital of Treviso, Treviso, Italy
- />Cognitive Impairment Centre, General Hospital of Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Giorgi
- />Territorial Health Services of Treviso, Via Isola di Mezzo, 37, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Andrea Frigato
- />Transfusional Department, General Hospital of Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Durante
- />Transfusional Department, General Hospital of Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Livio Caberlotto
- />Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Andrea Zanardo
- />Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- />FORGEI, Interdisciplinary Geriatric Research Foundation, Viale Trento Trieste 19, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Marinella Siculi
- />Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gallucci
- />Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, General Hospital of Treviso, Treviso, Italy
- />Cognitive Impairment Centre, General Hospital of Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- />FORGEI, Interdisciplinary Geriatric Research Foundation, Viale Trento Trieste 19, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- />Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
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16
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Bendjilali N, Hsueh WC, He Q, Willcox DC, Nievergelt CM, Donlon TA, Kwok PY, Suzuki M, Willcox BJ. Who are the Okinawans? Ancestry, genome diversity, and implications for the genetic study of human longevity from a geographically isolated population. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69:1474-84. [PMID: 24444611 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated populations have advantages for genetic studies of longevity from decreased haplotype diversity and long-range linkage disequilibrium. This permits smaller sample sizes without loss of power, among other utilities. Little is known about the genome of the Okinawans, a potential population isolate, recognized for longevity. Therefore, we assessed genetic diversity, structure, and admixture in Okinawans, and compared this with Caucasians, Chinese, Japanese, and Africans from HapMap II, genotyped on the same Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 500K array. Principal component analysis, haplotype coverage, and linkage disequilibrium decay revealed a distinct Okinawan genome-more homogeneity, less haplotype diversity, and longer range linkage disequilibrium. Population structure and admixture analyses utilizing 52 global reference populations from the Human Genome Diversity Cell Line Panel demonstrated that Okinawans clustered almost exclusively with East Asians. Sibling relative risk (λs) analysis revealed that siblings of Okinawan centenarians have 3.11 times (females) and 3.77 times (males) more likelihood of centenarianism. These findings suggest that Okinawans are genetically distinct and share several characteristics of a population isolate, which are prone to develop extreme phenotypes (eg, longevity) from genetic drift, natural selection, and population bottlenecks. These data support further exploration of genetic influence on longevity in the Okinawans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Qimei He
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | | | | | - Timothy A Donlon
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii. Ohana Genetics, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Human Genetics, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan. Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii. Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan. Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
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17
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Garagnani P, Giuliani C, Pirazzini C, Olivieri F, Bacalini MG, Ostan R, Mari D, Passarino G, Monti D, Bonfigli AR, Boemi M, Ceriello A, Genovese S, Sevini F, Luiselli D, Tieri P, Capri M, Salvioli S, Vijg J, Suh Y, Delledonne M, Testa R, Franceschi C. Centenarians as super-controls to assess the biological relevance of genetic risk factors for common age-related diseases: a proof of principle on type 2 diabetes. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:373-85. [PMID: 23804578 PMCID: PMC3701112 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic association studies of age-related, chronic human diseases often suffer from a lack of power to detect modest effects. Here we propose an alternative approach of including healthy centenarians as a more homogeneous and extreme control group. As a proof of principle we focused on type 2 diabetes (T2D) and assessed allelic/genotypic associations of 31 SNPs associated with T2D, diabetes complications and metabolic diseases and SNPs of genes relevant for telomere stability and age-related diseases. We hypothesized that the frequencies of risk variants are inversely correlated with decreasing health and longevity. We performed association analyses comparing diabetic patients and non-diabetic controls followed by association analyses with extreme phenotypic groups (T2D patients with complications and centenarians). Results drew attention to rs7903146 (TCF7L2 gene) that showed a constant increase in the frequencies of risk genotype (TT) from centenarians to diabetic patients who developed macro-complications and the strongest genotypic association was detected when diabetic patients were compared to centenarians (p_value = 9.066*10−7). We conclude that robust and biologically relevant associations can be obtained when extreme phenotypes, even with a small sample size, are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Garagnani
- DIMES - Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126 Italy.
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Han J, Ryu S, Moskowitz DM, Rothenberg D, Leahy DJ, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Suh Y. Discovery of novel non-synonymous SNP variants in 988 candidate genes from 6 centenarians by target capture and next-generation sequencing. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:478-85. [PMID: 23376243 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence of a substantial genetic component, the genetic factors that underlie longevity in humans remain to be identified. Previous genome-wide linkage and association studies have not found strong evidence for the contribution of common variants besides the APOE gene, suggesting the role of rare variants in human longevity. To discover rare variants that might contribute to longevity, we selected 988 candidate genes and performed a pilot study to identify novel non-synonymous variants in 6 Ashkenazi Jewish centenarians older than 105. Our candidate genes act in pathways implicated in aging and longevity, including neurodegeneration, cognitive function, lipid metabolism, DNA repair, and genome maintenance. By implementing custom-designed Agilent SureSelect target capture and next-generation sequencing, we discovered a total of 89 novel non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) and validated 51 nsSNPs by iPLEX MassArray assays. Genotyping analysis of these novel SNPs in 410 Ashkenazi Jewish controls and 390 centenarians showed significant enrichment (5.3 fold, p = 0.02) of the p.Y318C variant in PMS2 and significant depletion (7.5 fold, p = 0.04) of the p.V465A variant in GABRR3 in centenarians compared to controls. Our study presents the potential of targeted next-generation sequencing for discovery of rare but functional genetic variation which may lead to exceptional longevity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehae Han
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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20
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Ungvari Z, Tucsek Z, Sosnowska D, Toth P, Gautam T, Podlutsky A, Csiszar A, Losonczy G, Valcarcel-Ares MN, Sonntag WE, Csiszar A. Aging-induced dysregulation of dicer1-dependent microRNA expression impairs angiogenic capacity of rat cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 68:877-91. [PMID: 23239824 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related impairment of angiogenesis is likely to play a central role in cerebromicrovascular rarefaction and development of vascular cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To test the hypothesis that dysregulation of Dicer1 (ribonuclease III, a key enzyme of the microRNA [miRNA] machinery) impairs endothelial angiogenic capacity in aging, primary cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells (CMVECs) were isolated from young (3 months old) and aged (24 months old) Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats. We found an age-related downregulation of Dicer1 expression both in CMVECs and in small cerebral vessels isolated from aged rats. In aged CMVECs, Dicer1 expression was increased by treatment with polyethylene glycol-catalase. Compared with young cells, aged CMVECs exhibited altered miRNA expression profile, which was associated with impaired proliferation, adhesion to vitronectin, collagen and fibronectin, cellular migration (measured by a wound-healing assay using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing technology), and impaired ability to form capillary-like structures. Overexpression of Dicer1 in aged CMVECs partially restored miRNA expression profile and significantly improved angiogenic processes. In young CMVECs, downregulation of Dicer1 (siRNA) resulted in altered miRNA expression profile associated with impaired proliferation, adhesion, migration, and tube formation, mimicking the aging phenotype. Collectively, we found that Dicer1 is essential for normal endothelial angiogenic processes, suggesting that age-related dysregulation of Dicer1-dependent miRNA expression may be a potential mechanism underlying impaired angiogenesis and cerebromicrovascular rarefaction in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma HSC, 975 N. E. 10th Street - BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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21
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Csiszar A, Sosnowska D, Tucsek Z, Gautam T, Toth P, Losonczy G, Colman RJ, Weindruch R, Anderson RM, Sonntag WE, Ungvari Z. Circulating factors induced by caloric restriction in the nonhuman primate Macaca mulatta activate angiogenic processes in endothelial cells. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 68:235-49. [PMID: 22904098 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition increases healthspan in virtually every species studied, including nonhuman primates. In mice, CR exerts significant microvascular protective effects resulting in increased microvascular density in the heart and the brain, which likely contribute to enhanced tolerance to ischemia and improved cardiac performance and cognitive function. Yet, the underlying mechanisms by which CR confer microvascular protection remain elusive. To test the hypothesis that circulating factors triggered by CR regulate endothelial angiogenic capacity, we treated cultured human endothelial cells with sera derived from Macaca mulatta on long-term (over 10 years) CR. Cells treated with sera derived from ad-libitum-fed control monkeys served as controls. We found that factors present in CR sera upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling and stimulate angiogenic processes, including endothelial cell proliferation and formation of capillary-like structures. Treatment with CR sera also tended to increase cellular migration (measured by a wound-healing assay using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing [ECIS] technology) and adhesion to collagen. Collectively, we find that circulating factors induced by CR promote endothelial angiogenic processes, suggesting that increased angiogenesis may be a potential mechanism by which CR improves cardiac function and prevents vascular cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma HSC, 975 N. E. 10th Street - BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Murabito JM, Yuan R, Lunetta KL. The search for longevity and healthy aging genes: insights from epidemiological studies and samples of long-lived individuals. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:470-9. [PMID: 22499766 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors clearly contribute to exceptional longevity and healthy aging in humans, yet the identification of the underlying genes remains a challenge. Longevity is a complex phenotype with modest heritability. Age-related phenotypes with higher heritability may have greater success in gene discovery. Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for longevity have had only limited success to date. The Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium conducted a meta-analysis of GWAS data for longevity, defined as survival to age 90 years or older, that identified several interesting associations but none achieved genome-wide significance. A recent GWAS of longevity conducted in the Leiden Longevity Study identified the ApoE E4 isoform as deleterious to longevity that was confirmed in an independent GWAS of long-lived individuals of German descent. Notably, no other genetic loci for longevity have been identified in these GWAS. To examine the conserved genetic mechanisms between the mouse and humans for life span, we mapped the top Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology GWAS associations for longevity to the mouse chromosomal map and noted that eight of the ten top human associations were located within a previously reported mouse life-span quantitative trait loci. This work suggests that the mouse and human may share mechanisms leading to aging and that the mouse model may help speed the understanding of how genes identified in humans affect the biology of aging. We expect these ongoing collaborations and the translational work with basic scientists to accelerate the identification of genes that delay aging and promote a healthy life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.
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Anson RM, Willcox B, Austad S, Perls T. Within- and between-species study of extreme longevity--comments, commonalities, and goals. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:347-50. [PMID: 22419221 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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