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Tirla L, Sârbescu P, Rusu A. Assessing the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on driving behavior: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 199:107496. [PMID: 38359672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This review aimed to quantitatively summarize the evidence concerning the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on driving behavior. A final pool of 138 studies, totaling approximately 97,000 participants, was included in the analyses and covered all types of driving behavior targeted by the interventions. Using a random effects model, significant results were found for almost all driving outcomes, both post-intervention and long-term. The strongest effect was for reducing distracted driving at post-intervention (d = 1.87 [1.12, 2.60], Z = 4.94, p < 0.001). The only non-significant effects were for reducing errors in the long term (d = 0.50 [-0.87, 1.86], Z = 0.71, p = 0.48) and driving under the influence at post-intervention (d = 0.35 [0.00, 0.71], Z = 1.96, p = 0.05). Concerning which type of intervention was more effective, feedback, training and motivational ones appear to work best. Educational interventions show only weak effects, while awareness interventions seem mostly ineffective. Overall, our results show that most interventions can reduce different types of driving behaviors, but there are specific aspects to be considered based on the targeted behavior.
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Ishii H, Okubo Y, Doi T, Tsutsumimoto K, Nakakubo S, Kurita S, Uemura K, Misu S, Sawa R, Hashiguchi Y, Shimada H, Arai H. Effect of driving training on car crashes and driving skills in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23:771-778. [PMID: 37828779 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of this systematic review was to examine the efficacy of driving interventions with regard to a reduction in motor vehicle crashes and improvements in driving skills among older people. The secondary aim was to identify the optimal type (on-road or off-road) and dosage (period, sessions, and duration) of driving interventions for improving driving skills in older people. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Scopus of Systematic Reviews for papers published from their inception to December 1, 2020, as well as the reference lists of the included papers. The selected studies were randomized controlled trials examining the effects of driving interventions among community-dwelling older drivers aged 65 years and over. A meta-analysis of two studies (n = 960) showed that driving interventions significantly reduced the number of motor vehicle crashes per person-years. Ten studies (n = 575) were included in the meta-analysis showing that the interventions significantly improved the driving skill scores. Driving skill scores significantly improved after on-road training, and in interventions of at least 3 h, 3 sessions, and 3 weeks. Driving interventions significantly improve driving skills and reduce motor vehicle crashes among older drivers aged 65 years and over. On-road training is more efficacious than off-road training and driving interventions of at least 3 h taking place in 3 sessions over a period of 3 weeks may be required to improve driving skills in older drivers. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 771-778.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ishii
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita City, Japan
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Okubo
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Kota Tsutsumimoto
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Sho Nakakubo
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurita
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Kazuki Uemura
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino City, Japan
| | - Shogo Misu
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Konan Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Hashiguchi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
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Kosuge R, Okamura K, Nakano Y, Fujita G. Effect of educational intervention addressing inaccurate self-assessment of driving performance in older Japanese adults. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 163:106460. [PMID: 34735887 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To maintain road safety for older drivers as well as other road users, it is important to provide interventions that improve self-awareness and behaviors in older drivers. We developed an intervention that provides feedback on accuracy of self-awareness of driving performance using a workbook, and examined its effectiveness using a prospective design with a follow-up after two months. Japanese drivers aged between 69 and 87 (Mean = 73.96) years were assigned to either the intervention group (n = 26) or the wait-list control group (n = 27). All participants were asked to assess their own driving performance by completing a questionnaire. They also completed an on-road driving assessment that involved driving on a public road while wearing an electronic device that measured their actual driving behaviors, accompanied by a driving instructor who sat in the passenger seat and assessed the participant's driving performance (expert assessment). Thereafter, only the intervention group received the immediate intervention (first wave). One month later, the intervention group completed the booster intervention by post. Two months after the first wave, both groups completed the questionnaire and on-road driving assessment again (second wave). Result revealed that discrepancy between self-assessment and expert assessment reduced in only the intervention group between the two waves. This finding suggests that the intervention was able to improve the accuracy of self-assessment. Furthermore, the expert assessment improved in the intervention group between the two waves, but this change was not observed in the control group. Similar trend was evident for vehicle speed at intersections with a stop sign but the result was not statistically significant. Changes in head rotation at intersections requiring turn in the intervention group did not differ from those in the control group. Improved accuracy of self-assessment as a result of the intervention could have led to improved general driving performance, but did not influence head rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsu Kosuge
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Kazuko Okamura
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Yukako Nakano
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Goro Fujita
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
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Fausto BA, Adorno Maldonado PF, Ross LA, Lavallière M, Edwards JD. A systematic review and meta-analysis of older driver interventions. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 149:105852. [PMID: 33142161 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize and quantify the effects of different driving interventions among older adults on outcomes of crashes, on-road driving performance, self-reported outcomes of errors and crashes, and driving simulator performance. Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of a driving intervention among older adults ≥ 50 years of age were included. Thirty-one studies were identified using a systematic literature review, and 26 were included in meta-analyses. The following types of driving interventions were identified: physical retraining/exercise (e.g., flexibility and coordination training); visual-perceptual training (e.g., improving figure-ground discrimination); cognitive training (e.g., Useful Field of View cognitive training); education (e.g., classroom driver refresher course); context-specific training (i.e., on-road training in car, driving simulator training); combined intervention approaches (e.g., education and context-specific training combined). Effect sizes were calculated for each driving intervention type relative to control groups using random-effects. Physical retraining/exercise, visual-perceptual training, and combined intervention approaches demonstrated medium to large effects on on-road driving performance, ds = 0.564-1.061, ps < .050. Cognitive training approaches reduced at-fault crashes by almost 30 %, OR = 0.729, 95 % CI [0.553, 0.962], p = .026. Education and context-specific approaches were not efficacious to improve driving safety outcomes, ps> .050. In summary, skill-specific interventions (physical retraining/exercise, visual-perceptual training, cognitive training) and combined intervention approaches improved on-road driving performance and reduced at-fault crashes. Optimizing interventions that target age-related functional declines and combined intervention approaches is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette A Fausto
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
| | - Pedro F Adorno Maldonado
- Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, 300 Weil Hall, 1949 Stadium Road, P.O. Box 116550, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Lesley A Ross
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Engaged Aging, Clemson University, 418 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States.
| | - Martin Lavallière
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Québec at Chicoutimi, 555, boul. de l'Université, H2-1170, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada.
| | - Jerri D Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, 3515 E. Fletcher Ave., MDC 14, Tampa, FL 33613, United States.
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Castellucci HI, Bravo G, Arezes PM, Lavallière M. Are interventions effective at improving driving in older drivers?: A systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:125. [PMID: 32245367 PMCID: PMC7119079 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the aging of the population, the number of older drivers is on the rise. This poses significant challenges for public health initiatives, as older drivers have a relatively higher risk for collisions. While many studies focus on developing screening tools to identify medically at-risk drivers, little research has been done to develop training programs or interventions to promote, maintain or enhance driving-related abilities among healthy individuals. The purpose of this systematic review is to synopsize the current literature on interventions that are tailored to improve driving in older healthy individuals by working on components of safe driving such as: self-awareness, knowledge, behaviour, skills and/or reducing crash/collision rates in healthy older drivers. Methods Relevant databases such as Scopus and PubMed databases were selected and searched for primary articles published in between January 2007 and December 2017. Articles were identified using MeSH search terms: (“safety” OR “education” OR “training” OR “driving” OR “simulator” OR “program” OR “countermeasures”) AND (“older drivers” OR “senior drivers” OR “aged drivers” OR “elderly drivers”). All retrieved abstracts were reviewed, and full texts printed if deemed relevant. Results Twenty-five (25) articles were classified according to: 1) Classroom settings; 2) Computer-based training for cognitive or visual processing; 3) Physical training; 4) In-simulator training; 5) On-road training; and 6) Mixed interventions. Results show that different types of approaches have been successful in improving specific driving skills and/or behaviours. However, there are clear discrepancies on how driving performance/behaviours are evaluated between studies, both in terms of methods or dependent variables, it is therefore difficult to make direct comparisons between these studies. Conclusions This review identified strong study projects, effective at improving older drivers’ performance and thus allowed to highlight potential interventions that can be used to maintain or improve older drivers’ safety behind the wheel. There is a need to further test these interventions by combining them and determining their effectiveness at improving driving performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Castellucci
- Centro de Estudio del Trabajo y Factores Humanos, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - G Bravo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Providencia, Chile
| | - P M Arezes
- ALGORITMI Centre, School of Engineering of the University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M Lavallière
- Module de Kinésiologie, Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, QC, Canada. .,Laboratoire de recherche biomécanique & neurophysiologique en réadaptation neuro-musculo-squelettique - Lab BioNR, UQAC, Saguenay, QC, Canada. .,Centre intersectoriel en santé durable - UQAC, Saguenay, QC, Canada. .,Centre de recherche-Charles-Le Moyne-Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les innovations en santé (CRCSIS), Longueuil, Canada.
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Sangrar R, Mun J, Cammarata M, Griffith LE, Letts L, Vrkljan B. Older driver training programs: A systematic review of evidence aimed at improving behind-the-wheel performance. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2019; 71:295-313. [PMID: 31862041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Age- and health-related changes, alongside declines in driving confidence and on-road exposure, have been implicated in crashes involving older drivers. Interventions aimed at improving behind-the-wheel behavior are diverse and their associated impact remains unclear. This systematic review examined evidence on older driver training with respect to (1) road safety knowledge; (2) self-perceived changes in driving abilities; and (3) behind-the-wheel performance. Method Nine databases were searched for English-language articles describing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs of driver training interventions aimed at those aged 55+ who did not have medical or other impairments that precluded licensure. Quality appraisals were conducted using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool (RoB) and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions tool (ROBINS - I). [PROSPERO; registration no. CRD42018087366]. Results Twenty-five RCTs and eight non-RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Interventions varied in their design and delivery where classroom-based education, or a combination of classroom-based education with on-road feedback, improved road safety knowledge. Training tailored to individual participants was found to improve self-perceived and behind-the-wheel outcomes, including crashes. Conclusions Interventions comprised of tailored training can improve knowledge of road safety, changes to self-perception of driving abilities, and improved behind-the-wheel performance of older drivers. Future research should compare modes of training delivery for this driver population to determine the optimal combinations of off- and/or on-road training. Practical applications Training programs aimed at older drivers should be supported by theory and research evidence. By conducting comparative trials with a sufficient sample size alongside well-defined outcomes that are designed in accordance with reporting guidelines, the most effective approaches for training older drivers will be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruheena Sangrar
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 1C7, Canada.
| | - Joon Mun
- Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 1C7, Canada.
| | - Michael Cammarata
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 1C7, Canada.
| | - Lauren E Griffith
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1400 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 1C7, Canada.
| | - Lori Letts
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 1C7, Canada.
| | - Brenda Vrkljan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 1C7, Canada.
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Gagnon S, Stinchcombe A, Curtis M, Kateb M, Polgar J, Porter MM, Bédard M. Driving safety improves after individualized training: An RCT involving older drivers in an urban area. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2019; 20:595-600. [PMID: 31329470 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1630826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to reproduce the results of a previous investigation on the safety benefits of individualized training for older drivers. We modified our method to address validity and generalizability issues. Methods: Older drivers were randomly assigned to one of the 3 arms: (1) education alone, (2) education + on road training, and (3) education + on road + simulator training. Older drivers were recruited from a larger urban community. At the pre- and posttests (separated by 4 to 8 weeks) participants followed driving directions using a Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation system. Results: Our findings support the positive influence of individualized on-road training for urban-dwelling older drivers. Overall, driving safety improved among drivers who received on-road training over those who were only exposed to an education session, F(1, 40) = 11.66, P = .001 (26% reduction in total unsafe driving actions [UDAs]). Statistically significant improvements were observed on observation UDAs (e.g., scanning at intersections, etc.), compliance UDAs (e.g., incomplete stop), and procedural UDAs (e.g., position in lane). Conclusion: This study adds to the growing evidence base in support of individualized older driver training to optimize older drivers' safety and promote continued safe driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gagnon
- a School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - A Stinchcombe
- a School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
- b Faculty of Human Sciences, Saint Paul University (Ottawa) , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - M Curtis
- a School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - M Kateb
- a School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - J Polgar
- c School of Occupational Therapy, Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - M M Porter
- d Centre on Aging, and Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
| | - M Bédard
- e Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
- f Centre for Applied Health Research, St. Joseph's Care Group , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
- g Centre for Research on Safe Driving, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether vehicle type based on size (car vs. other = truck/van/SUV) had an impact on the speeding, acceleration, and braking patterns of older male and female drivers (70 years and older) from a Canadian longitudinal study. The primary hypothesis was that older adults driving larger vehicles (e.g., trucks, SUVs, or vans) would be more likely to speed than those driving cars. Participants (n = 493) had a device installed in their vehicles that recorded their everyday driving. The findings suggest that the type of vehicle driven had little or no impact on per cent of time speeding or on the braking and accelerating patterns of older drivers. Given that the propensity for exceeding the speed limit was high among these older drivers, regardless of vehicle type, future research should examine what effect this behaviour has on older-driver road safety.
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Mirman JH, Goodman ES, Friedrich E, Ford CA. Talking with teens about traffic safety: Initial feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a parent-targeted intervention for primary care settings. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2018; 66:113-120. [PMID: 30121097 PMCID: PMC7548101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of the current pilot study were to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the Talking with Teens about Traffic Safety Program. The program consists of a clinic-based health coaching session with parents of adolescents at their annual well-child visit to promote parent-teen communication about teen driver safety including: a Parent Handbook that is designed to serve as a primer on teen driver safety and facilitate parent-teen communication on a variety of teen driver topics; an interactive practice driving toolset; and an endorsement of the materials by the primary care provider. METHOD Fifty-four parent-teen dyads (n = 108 total) were recruited from a primary care practice. Dyads were randomized (1:1) into a treatment group or a usual care group. Implementation fidelity was assessed using checklists completed by health coaches and parent interviews. After 6 months, parents reported how often they talked with their teen about 12 safe driving topics (e.g., state graduated driver licensing laws). RESULTS Parents in the treatment group reported more frequent discussions than parents in the control group on 7 out of the 12 topics. Fidelity data indicate that 100% of sessions were implemented as designed and were acceptable to parents. CONCLUSIONS The program was feasible to administer and there was evidence for preliminary efficacy. Generally, effects were larger for more infrequently discussed topics, which is to be expected due to the potential for ceiling effects on more commonly discussed topics (e.g., distracted driving). A larger multi-site study is warranted. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The results from this pilot study provide support for implementation fidelity and establish a proof-of-concept for the Talking with Teens about Traffic Safety Program. The results provide guidance for developing partnerships with pediatricians and parents to develop parent-teen communication interventions on injury prevention topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Mirman
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Emma S Goodman
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Elizabeth Friedrich
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., 11th floor, Main Building, Suite 11NW10, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carol A Ford
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., 11th floor, Main Building, Suite 11NW10, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Sawula E, Polgar J, Porter MM, Gagnon S, Weaver B, Nakagawa S, Stinchcombe A, Bédard M. The combined effects of on-road and simulator training with feedback on older drivers' on-road performance: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2018; 19:241-249. [PMID: 29064285 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1236194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A number of training programs that seek to improve driving performance among older drivers are available accompanied by a growing interest in their effectiveness. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the combined effect of (1) basic in-class training (BT); (2) on-road training with individualized feedback (OR); and (3) training on a driving simulator (S). METHODS Using a randomized controlled trial study design, 78 older drivers were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups (BT, BT + OR, or BT + OR + S). All participants completed a pre- and postintervention on-road driving evaluation on a standardized route. The driving evaluations were recorded using video and Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment and were scored by a blind assessor. RESULTS The results indicated a significant reduction of approximately 30% in overall number of driving errors/omissions among participants in the BT + OR and the BT + OR + S groups in comparison to participants in the BT group. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the mounting evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of individualized driver training in improving safe driving among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Sawula
- a Centre for Research on Safe Driving , Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jan Polgar
- b School of Occupational Therapy , Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Michel M Porter
- c Centre on Aging , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
| | - Sylvain Gagnon
- d School of Psychology , University of Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Bruce Weaver
- a Centre for Research on Safe Driving , Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
- e Division of Human Sciences , Northern Ontario Schools of Medicine , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
| | - Satoru Nakagawa
- c Centre on Aging , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
| | - Arne Stinchcombe
- a Centre for Research on Safe Driving , Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
- d School of Psychology , University of Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Michel Bédard
- a Centre for Research on Safe Driving , Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
- e Division of Human Sciences , Northern Ontario Schools of Medicine , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
- f Centre for Applied Health Research, St. Joseph's Care Group , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
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Stinchcombe A, Gagnon S, Kateb M, Curtis M, Porter MM, Polgar J, Bédard M. Letting in-vehicle navigation lead the way: Older drivers' perceptions of and ability to follow a GPS navigation system. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 106:515-520. [PMID: 28277282 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In-vehicle navigation systems have the potential to simplify the driving task by reducing the drivers' need to engage in wayfinding, especially in unfamiliar environments. This study sought to characterize older drivers' overall assessment of using in-vehicle GPS technology as part of a research study and to explore whether the use of this technology has an impact on participants' driving behaviour. Forty-seven older drivers completed an on-road evaluation where directions were provided by an in-vehicle GPS navigation system and their behaviour was recorded using video technology. They later completed a questionnaire to assess their perception of the navigation system. After the study, participants were grouped based on whether they were able to accurately follow the instructions provided by the navigation system. The results indicated that most drivers were satisfied with the navigation technology and found the directions it provided to be clear. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of on-road errors committed by drivers who did not follow the directions from the navigation system in comparison to drivers who did follow the directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Stinchcombe
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Canada; Centre for Research on Safe Driving, Lakehead University, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan Polgar
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, Canada
| | - Michel Bédard
- Centre for Research on Safe Driving, Lakehead University, Canada
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