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Park SH, Lee DH, Lee DH, Jung CH. Scientific evidence of foods that improve the lifespan and healthspan of different organisms. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:169-178. [PMID: 37469212 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Age is a risk factor for numerous diseases. Although the development of modern medicine has greatly extended the human lifespan, the duration of relatively healthy old age, or 'healthspan', has not increased. Targeting the detrimental processes that can occur before the onset of age-related diseases can greatly improve health and lifespan. Healthspan is significantly affected by what, when and how much one eats. Dietary restriction, including calorie restriction, fasting or fasting-mimicking diets, to extend both lifespan and healthspan has recently attracted much attention. However, direct scientific evidence that consuming specific foods extends the lifespan and healthspan seems lacking. Here, we synthesized the results of recent studies on the lifespan and healthspan extension properties of foods and their phytochemicals in various organisms to confirm how far the scientific research on the effect of food on the lifespan has reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyun Park
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
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Jafari M, Schriner SE, Kil YS, Pham ST, Seo EK. Angelica keiskei Impacts the Lifespan and Healthspan of Drosophila melanogaster in a Sex and Strain-Dependent Manner. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050738. [PMID: 37242522 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelica keiskei is a perennial plant, belonging to the Apiaceae family and originating from Japan. This plant has been reported to act as a diuretic, analeptic, antidiabetic, hypertensive, tumor, galactagogue, and laxative. The mechanism of action of A. keiskei is not known, but previous studies have suggested that it may act as an antioxidant. In this work, we used Drosophila melanogaster to evaluate the impact of A. keiskei on lifespan and healthspan and its potential anti-aging mechanism by conducting multiple assays on three fly strains: w1118, chico, and JIV. We observed that the extract extended lifespan and improved healthspan in a sex- and strain-dependent manner. A. keiskei extended lifespan and improved reproductive fitness in female flies and either had no effect or decreased survival and physical performance in males. The extract protected against the superoxide generator paraquat in both sexes. These sex-specific effects suggest that A. keiskei may act through age-specific pathways such as the insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathways. Upon examination, we found that the increased survival of A. keiskei-fed females was dependent on the presence of the insulin receptor substrate chico, supporting the role of IIS in the action of A. keiskei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Jafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Samuel E Schriner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yun-Seo Kil
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sally T Pham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Kharat P, Sarkar P, Mouliganesh S, Tiwary V, Priya VBR, Sree NY, Annapoorna HV, Saikia DK, Mahanta K, Thirumurugan K. Ellagic acid prolongs the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. GeroScience 2019; 42:271-285. [PMID: 31786733 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-type Canton-S flies of Drosophila melanogaster were treated with ellagic acid at 100 μM and 200 μM concentrations. Longevity assay showed male flies fed with 200 μM ellagic acid displayed longer mean lifespan and maximum lifespan than control flies. Female flies fed with 200 μM ellagic acid laid less number of eggs than control. The eclosion time was less in female flies fed with 200 μM ellagic acid. Ellagic acid fed female flies performed better than male flies and control flies for heat shock tolerance and starvation stress. Male flies treated with 100 μM ellagic acid recovered faster from cold shock compared with control flies. Male and female flies treated with ellagic acid displayed increased survival following exposure to 5% hydrogen peroxide. Gene expression studies displayed upregulated expressions of CAT, dFOXO, ATG1, and SOD2 in ellagic acid-treated male flies, and upregulated expressions of dFOXO, CAT, and SOD2 in ellagic acid-treated female flies. Results from these studies show the pro-longevity effect of ellagic acid on Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kharat
- 206, Structural Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Priyanka Sarkar
- 206, Structural Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - S Mouliganesh
- 206, Structural Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Vaibhav Tiwary
- 206, Structural Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - V B Ramya Priya
- 206, Structural Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - N Yamini Sree
- 206, Structural Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - H Vinu Annapoorna
- 206, Structural Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Diganta K Saikia
- 206, Structural Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Kaustav Mahanta
- 206, Structural Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- 206, Structural Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India.
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Duffy GF, Shupe ES, Kuczmarski MF, Zonderman AB, Evans MK. Motivations for Botanical Use by Socioeconomically Diverse, Urban Adults: Does Evidence Support Motivation? J Altern Complement Med 2017; 23:812-818. [PMID: 28437143 PMCID: PMC5655417 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objectives were to characterize botanical dietary supplement (BDS) use and to compare the motivations for botanical supplement (BS) use to the efficacy of the botanical in a socioeconomically and racially diverse urban adult population. METHODS Subjects were from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study, a 20-year prospective health disparities study with African American and white adults from Baltimore, Maryland. All study participants completed two dietary recalls and a dietary supplement (DS) questionnaire in Wave 3 (n = 2140). Diet quality was evaluated by the Healthy Eating Index-2010 and the Mean Adequacy Ratio for 17 micronutrients. A comparison of reported motivations to efficacy reported in the literature of single BS was conducted. RESULTS Approximately 50% (1062/2140) of participants took DS. Of these, 8% (n = 178) reported taking either BS or BDS. It was found that BDS users had better diet quality than DS users as well as nonusers of DS. The top three motivations for BDS users were to improve overall health, to maintain health, and to supplement the diet. There is limited evidence for the efficacy of most BS. Review of the efficacy of the 15 BS reported by ≥5% of the study population revealed beneficial health roles for only fiber, gingko biloba extract EGb 761, and hawthorn berry. CONCLUSION To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to report a better quality diet with BDS use for a racially diverse urban population. Yet, improvement in diet is needed because overall quality did not achieve current recommendations. To improve overall health, it may be beneficial for this population to focus on dietary modifications to reduce the risks associated with chronic diseases. In general, the reported motivations for BS use were not supported by clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace F. Duffy
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Emily Stave Shupe
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | | | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
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GUO H, DONG YQ, YE BP. Cranberry extract supplementation exerts preventive effects through alleviating Aβ toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:427-33. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Guo H, Cao M, Zou S, Ye B, Dong Y. Cranberry Extract Standardized for Proanthocyanidins Alleviates β-Amyloid Peptide Toxicity by Improving Proteostasis Through HSF-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:1564-1573. [PMID: 26405062 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that nutraceuticals with prolongevity properties may delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We recently demonstrated that a proanthocyanidins-standardized cranberry extract has properties that prolong life span and promote innate immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans In this article, we report that supplementation of this cranberry extract delayed Aβ toxicity-triggered body paralysis in the C elegans AD model. Genetic analyses indicated that the cranberry-mediated Aβ toxicity alleviation required heat shock transcription factor (HSF)-1 rather than DAF-16 and SKN-1. Moreover, cranberry supplementation increased the transactivity of HSF-1 in an IIS-dependent manner. Further studies found that the cranberry extract relies on HSF-1 to significantly enhance the solubility of proteins in aged worms, implying an improved proteostasis in AD worms. Considering that HSF-1 plays a pivotal role in maintaining proteostasis, our results suggest that cranberry maintains the function of proteostasis through HSF-1, thereby protecting C elegans against Aβ toxicity. Together, our findings elucidated the mechanism whereby cranberry attenuated Aβ toxicity in C elegans and stressed the significance of proteostasis in the prevention of age-related diseases from a practical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina.,Institute for Engaged Aging, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Sige Zou
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Boping Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina. .,Institute for Engaged Aging, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
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Balasubramani SP, Mohan J, Chatterjee A, Patnaik E, Kukkupuni SK, Nongthomba U, Venkatasubramanian P. Pomegranate Juice Enhances Healthy Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster: An Exploratory Study. Front Public Health 2014; 2:245. [PMID: 25566518 PMCID: PMC4267107 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring innovative ways to ensure healthy aging of populations is a pre-requisite to contain rising healthcare costs. Scientific research into the principles and practices of traditional medicines can provide new insights and simple solutions to lead a healthy life. Rasayana is a dedicated branch of Ayurveda (an Indian medicine) that deals with methods to increase vitality and delay aging through the use of diet, herbal supplements, and other lifestyle practices. The life-span and health-span enhancing actions of the fruits of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), a well-known Rasayana, were tested on Drosophila melanogaster (fruitfly) model. Supplementation of standard corn meal with 10% (v/v) pomegranate juice (PJ) extended the life-span of male and female flies by 18 and 8%, respectively. When male and female flies were mixed and reared together, there was 19% increase in the longevity of PJ fed flies, as assessed by MSD, the median survival day (24.8). MSD for control and resveratrol (RV) groups was at 20.8 and 23.1 days, respectively. A two-fold enhancement in fecundity, improved resistance to oxidative stress (H2O2 and paraquat induced) and to Candida albicans infection were observed in PJ fed flies. Further, the flies in the PJ fed group were physically active over an extended period of time, as assessed by the climbing assay. PJ thus outperformed both control and RV groups in the life-span and health-span parameters tested. This study provides the scope to explore the potential of PJ as a nutraceutical to improve health span and lifespan in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayaram Mohan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , India
| | - Arunita Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , India
| | - Esha Patnaik
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , India
| | - Subrahmanya Kumar Kukkupuni
- Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT) , Bangalore , India ; Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , India
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Sun X, Wheeler CT, Yolitz J, Laslo M, Alberico T, Sun Y, Song Q, Zou S. A mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit interacts with TOR signaling to modulate protein homeostasis and lifespan in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1781-1792. [PMID: 25220459 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet composition is a critical determinant of lifespan, and nutrient imbalance is detrimental to health. However, how nutrients interact with genetic factors to modulate lifespan remains elusive. We investigated how diet composition influences mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit d (ATPsyn-d) in modulating lifespan in Drosophila. ATPsyn-d knockdown extended lifespan in females fed low carbohydrate-to-protein (C:P) diets but not the high C:P ratio diet. This extension was associated with increased resistance to oxidative stress; transcriptional changes in metabolism, proteostasis, and immune genes; reduced protein damage and aggregation, and reduced phosphorylation of S6K and ERK in TOR and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, respectively. ATPsyn-d knockdown did not extend lifespan in females with reduced TOR signaling induced genetically by Tsc2 overexpression or pharmacologically by rapamycin. Our data reveal a link among diet, mitochondria, and MAPK and TOR signaling in aging and stresses the importance of considering genetic background and diet composition in implementing interventions for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Sun
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Charles T Wheeler
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jason Yolitz
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mara Laslo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Thomas Alberico
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yaning Sun
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sige Zou
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Cranberry extract standardized for proanthocyanidins promotes the immune response of Caenorhabditis elegans to Vibrio cholerae through the p38 MAPK pathway and HSF-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103290. [PMID: 25062095 PMCID: PMC4111578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Botanicals are rich in bioactive compounds, and some offer numerous beneficial effects to animal and human health when consumed. It is well known that phytochemicals in cranberries have anti-oxidative and antimicrobial activities. Recently, an increasing body of evidence has demonstrated that cranberry phytochemicals may have potential benefits that promote healthy aging. Here, we use Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to show that water-soluble cranberry extract standardized to 4.0% proanthocyanidins (WCESP), a major component of cranberries, can enhance host innate immunity to resist against Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae; wild type C6706 (O1 El Tor biotype)) infection. Supplementation of WCESP did not significantly alter the intestinal colonization of V. cholerae, but upregulated the expression of C. elegans innate immune genes, such as clec-46, clec-71, fmo-2, pqn-5 and C23G10.1. Additionally, WCESP treatment did not affect the growth of V. cholerae and expression of the major bacterial virulence genes, and only slightly reduced bacterial colonization within C. elegans intestine. These findings indicate that the major components of WCESP, including proanthocyanidins (PACs), may play an important role in enhancing the host innate immunity. Moreover, we engaged C. elegans mutants and identified that the p38 MAPK signaling, insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS), and HSF-1 play pivotal roles in the WCESP-mediated host immune response. Considering the level of conservation between the innate immune pathways of C. elegans and humans, the results of this study suggest that WCESP may also play an immunity-promoting role in higher order organisms.
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Guha S, Natarajan O, Murbach CG, Dinh J, Wilson EC, Cao M, Zou S, Dong Y. Supplement timing of cranberry extract plays a key role in promoting Caenorhabditis elegans healthspan. Nutrients 2014; 6:911-21. [PMID: 24566444 PMCID: PMC3942739 DOI: 10.3390/nu6020911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of nutraceuticals is a major and potent dietary intervention for delaying aging. As the timing of administration is critical for the efficacy of bioactive compounds in medicine, the effectiveness of nutraceuticals may also be dramatically affected by the timing of supplementation. Cranberry exact (CBE), rich in polyphenols, is consumed as a nutraceutical, and possesses anti-aging properties. Here, we examined the influence of timing on the beneficial effects of CBE supplementation in C. elegans. The prolongevity effect of CBE in different aged worms, young adults, middle-age adults, and aged adults, was determined. Early-start intervention with CBE prolonged the remaining lifespan of worms of different ages more robustly than late-start intervention. The effectiveness of CBE on stress responses and physiological behaviors in different aged worms was also investigated. The early-start intervention prominently promoted motility and resistance to heat shocks and V. cholera infection, especially in aged worms. Together, these findings suggest that the timing of CBE supplementation critically influences its beneficial effects on C. elegans lifespan and healthspan. It is of interest to further investigate whether the similar results would occur in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Guha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Ojas Natarajan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Cole G Murbach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Jessica Dinh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Ethan C Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Sige Zou
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Yuqing Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Lifespan extension by cranberry supplementation partially requires SOD2 and is life stage independent. Exp Gerontol 2013; 50:57-63. [PMID: 24316039 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Many nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals have been shown to promote healthspan and lifespan. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of prolongevity interventions and the time points at which interventions should be implemented to achieve beneficial effects are not well characterized. We have previously shown that a cranberry-containing nutraceutical can promote lifespan in worms and flies and delay age-related functional decline of pancreatic cells in rats. Here we investigated the mechanism underlying lifespan extension induced by cranberry and the effects of short-term or life stage-specific interventions with cranberry on lifespan in Drosophila. We found that lifespan extension induced by cranberry was associated with reduced phosphorylation of ERK, a component of oxidative stress response MAPK signaling, and slightly increased phosphorylation of AKT, a component of insulin-like signaling. Lifespan extension was also associated with a reduced level of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts, a biomarker of lipid oxidation. Moreover, lifespan extension induced by cranberry was partially suppressed by knockdown of SOD2, a major mitochondrial superoxide scavenger. Furthermore, cranberry supplementation was administered in three life stages of adult flies, health span (3-30 days), transition span (31-60 days) and senescence span (61 days to the end when all flies died). Cranberry supplementation during any of these life stages extended the remaining lifespan relative to the non-supplemented and life stage-matched controls. These findings suggest that cranberry supplementation is sufficient to promote longevity when implemented during any life stage, likely through reducing oxidative damage.
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