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Carvalho-Gomes Â, Cubells A, Pallarés C, Corpas-Burgos F, Berenguer M, Aguilera V, López-Labrador FX. Cytomegalovirus specific polyfunctional T-cell responses expressing CD107a predict control of CMV infection after liver transplantation. Cell Immunol 2021; 371:104455. [PMID: 34864514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load after liver transplantation (LT) is controlled by cell mediated immune responses (CMI). Quantification of CMV-specific T-cells may identify patients who control CMV spontaneously and avoid expensive and potentially toxic antiviral therapies. Prospective post-LT clinical, virological and immunological monitoring was carried out up to 1-year post-LT in a cohort of adult recipients. The CMV-specific T-cell response was characterized using flow cytometry intracellular cytokine staining in 49 LT recipients-R (79.6% R+, 20.4% R-). CMV infection occurred in 24 patients (18 D+/R+ and 6 D+/R-). Only patients with undetectable polyfunctional CMV-specific CD4+ T-cells developed CMV infection. Predictive models showed that polyfunctional CMV-specific CD4+ T-cells pre-existing before LT are protective for CMV reactivation posttransplantation. Quantitation of CD4+ T-cell responses to CMV may be a useful marker for spontaneous control of viral replication to tailor antiviral prophylaxis after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Carvalho-Gomes
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatology Laboratory, Hepatology, HBP Surgery and Transplant Unit, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital U. y P. La Fe, València, Spain; CIBERehd, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Almudena Cubells
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatology Laboratory, Hepatology, HBP Surgery and Transplant Unit, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital U. y P. La Fe, València, Spain; CIBERehd, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Carmina Pallarés
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatology Laboratory, Hepatology, HBP Surgery and Transplant Unit, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital U. y P. La Fe, València, Spain; CIBERehd, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Francisca Corpas-Burgos
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO-Public Health), Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; CIBEResp, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Berenguer
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatology Laboratory, Hepatology, HBP Surgery and Transplant Unit, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital U. y P. La Fe, València, Spain; CIBERehd, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Liver Transplantation and Hepatology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, València, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia Medical School, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Aguilera
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatology Laboratory, Hepatology, HBP Surgery and Transplant Unit, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital U. y P. La Fe, València, Spain; CIBERehd, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Liver Transplantation and Hepatology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, València, Spain
| | - F Xavier López-Labrador
- CIBEResp, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Virology Laboratory, Genomics and Health Area, Centro Superior de Salud Pública, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO-Public Health), Conselleria de Sanitat, València, Spain
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2
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The human immunosenescence phenotype: does it exist? Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:537-544. [PMID: 32757035 PMCID: PMC7405710 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
“Immunosenescence” has been invoked as the root cause of increased incidence and severity of infectious disease in older adults and their poorer response to vaccination, and is implicated in increased solid cancers and increased autoimmunity with age. But how to define it in the individual and to show that immunosenescence is responsible for these adverse health outcomes? How can we monitor interventions aimed at restoring appropriate immune function to overcome these perceived immune deficits? Hence, the many efforts over the years aimed at establishing biomarkers of immunosenescence which to be useful must exhibit robust correlations with the chosen clinical outcome. Developments in “omics” technologies acquiring unprecedently detailed data on personal trajectories of immunosenescence and taking into account the under-appreciated importance of gender, ethnicity geography, socioeconomic, and multiple other differences will be of pivotal importance to identify biomarkers that are clinically useful at the level of the individual. This contribution addresses the question of whether or not we are currently in possession of any such useful biomarkers.
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3
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Crooke SN, Ovsyannikova IG, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. Immunosenescence and human vaccine immune responses. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2019; 16:25. [PMID: 31528180 PMCID: PMC6743147 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-019-0164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The age-related dysregulation and decline of the immune system-collectively termed "immunosenescence"-has been generally associated with an increased susceptibility to infectious pathogens and poor vaccine responses in older adults. While numerous studies have reported on the clinical outcomes of infected or vaccinated individuals, our understanding of the mechanisms governing the onset of immunosenescence and its effects on adaptive immunity remains incomplete. Age-dependent differences in T and B lymphocyte populations and functions have been well-defined, yet studies that demonstrate direct associations between immune cell function and clinical outcomes in older individuals are lacking. Despite these knowledge gaps, research has progressed in the development of vaccine and adjuvant formulations tailored for older adults in order to boost protective immunity and overcome immunosenescence. In this review, we will discuss the development of vaccines for older adults in light of our current understanding-or lack thereof-of the aging immune system. We highlight the functional changes that are known to occur in the adaptive immune system with age, followed by a discussion of current, clinically relevant pathogens that disproportionately affect older adults and are the central focus of vaccine research efforts for the aging population. We conclude with an outlook on personalized vaccine development for older adults and areas in need of further study in order to improve our fundamental understanding of adaptive immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Crooke
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim Building 611D, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Inna G Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim Building 611D, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim Building 611D, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim Building 611D, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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4
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Redeker A, Remmerswaal EBM, van der Gracht ETI, Welten SPM, Höllt T, Koning F, Cicin-Sain L, Nikolich-Žugich J, Ten Berge IJM, van Lier RAW, van Unen V, Arens R. The Contribution of Cytomegalovirus Infection to Immune Senescence Is Set by the Infectious Dose. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1953. [PMID: 29367854 PMCID: PMC5768196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections and accelerated immune senescence is controversial. Whereas some studies reported a CMV-associated impaired capacity to control heterologous infections at old age, other studies could not confirm this. We hypothesized that these discrepancies might relate to the variability in the infectious dose of CMV occurring in real life. Here, we investigated the influence of persistent CMV infection on immune perturbations and specifically addressed the role of the infectious dose on the contribution of CMV to accelerated immune senescence. We show in experimental mouse models that the degree of mouse CMV (MCMV)-specific memory CD8+ T cell accumulation and the phenotypic T cell profile are directly influenced by the infectious dose, and data on HCMV-specific T cells indicate a similar connection. Detailed cluster analysis of the memory CD8+ T cell development showed that high-dose infection causes a differentiation pathway that progresses faster throughout the life span of the host, suggesting a virus–host balance that is influenced by aging and infectious dose. Importantly, short-term MCMV infection in adult mice is not disadvantageous for heterologous superinfection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). However, following long-term CMV infection the strength of the CD8+ T cell immunity to LCMV superinfection was affected by the initial CMV infectious dose, wherein a high infectious dose was found to be a prerequisite for impaired heterologous immunity. Altogether our results underscore the importance of stratification based on the size and differentiation of the CMV-specific memory T cell pools for the impact on immune senescence, and indicate that reduction of the latent/lytic viral load can be beneficial to diminish CMV-associated immune senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Redeker
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ester B M Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esmé T I van der Gracht
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne P M Welten
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Höllt
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ineke J M Ten Berge
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René A W van Lier
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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5
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Pawelec G. Age and immunity: What is "immunosenescence"? Exp Gerontol 2017; 105:4-9. [PMID: 29111233 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As is apparent from the many contributions to this Special Issue of the Journal, the impact of age on immunity is nefarious, with all manner of dysregulated responses attributed to "immunosenescence". These range from poorer responses to vaccination, lower capacity to mediate anti-cancer responses, more inflammation and tissue damage, along with autoimmunity and loss of control of persistent infections. Given the grave clinical implications of altered immune status in aged people, it is of paramount importance to understand the nature of and mechanisms responsible for "immunosenescence". As in any rapidly developing research area, certain paradigms establish themselves early on, by necessity based on earlier and fewer data, and have a disproportionate influence on how investigators think about the subject, especially investigators from other disciplines. It may therefore be appropriate to reconsider our basic knowledge at this juncture, asking exactly what do we mean by the term "immunosenescence"? This is attempted in this contribution to the Special Issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pawelec
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada; The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK; Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK.
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6
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Adriaensen W, Pawelec G, Vaes B, Hamprecht K, Derhovanessian E, van Pottelbergh G, Degryse JM, Matheï C. CD4:8 Ratio Above 5 Is Associated With All-Cause Mortality in CMV-Seronegative Very Old Women: Results From the BELFRAIL Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1155-1162. [PMID: 27927759 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and general applicability of the CD4:8 ratio as a surrogate predictor of mortality among the oldest old have only been tested in a few longitudinal studies. Here, the predictive value of CD4:8 ratio for mortality with respect to the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was investigated. Using polychromatic flow cytometry, the CD4:8 ratio and T-cell subsets of 235 individuals aged 81.5 years or older were analyzed, and mortality data were collected after a mean period of 3.3 years. The hazard for all-cause mortality adjusted for age, comorbidity, and CMV serostatus increased 1.53-fold (95% CI: 0.94-2.51) with every increment in the CD4:8 ratio from R < 1, to 1 < R < 5 and R > 5 among women. A negative hazard ratio of 0.50 for CMV seropositivity in women indicated an apparently protective effect of this virus. In men, no associations with survival were observed. No mediation effect could be found for the CD4:8 ratio with respect to the relationship between CMV serostatus and mortality. Very elderly CMV-negative women with a R > 5 experienced the highest mortality rates, independent of age and comorbidity. The associations of CMV serostatus and CD4:8 ratio with mortality seem to reflect distinct pathways mediating life span in very old humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Adriaensen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Germany.,School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bert Vaes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Klaus Hamprecht
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Disease, University Hospital, Eberhard-Karls University, Tu¨bingen, Germany
| | - Evelyna Derhovanessian
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Marie Degryse
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Frailty and Circulating Markers of Inflammation in HIV+ and HIV- Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 74:407-417. [PMID: 28225718 PMCID: PMC5365031 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is associated with immune activation and inflammation in the elderly general population, but whether this is true in the younger HIV-infected (HIV+) population is not known. METHODS We analyzed 24 serologic biomarkers of monocyte, T-cell, or B-cell activation in HIV- (n = 207) and HIV+ (n = 714; 75% virologically suppressed) men who have sex with men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and were classified as frail or nonfrail according to expression or nonexpression of the frailty phenotype at 2 consecutive study visits. RESULTS After correction for multiple comparisons and adjustment for age, race, study site, and education, frailty in HIV+ men was significantly (P < 0.002) associated with higher levels of sCD14, sIL2Rα, sTNF-R2, IL-6, and TNF-α; the association with higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) approached significance (P = 0.003). After further adjustment for body mass index (BMI), smoking, and comorbidities, only the association with C-reactive protein was significant at P < 0.002, with levels approximately 50% higher in frail compared with nonfrail men. These conclusions were not altered by restricting the analysis to HIV+ men who were virologically suppressed. Among HIV- men, none of these markers differed significantly by frailty. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that frailty in virologically suppressed HIV+ men was associated with immune activation beyond that due to treated HIV infection. The inflammatory markers associated with frailty were primarily products of activated monocytes/macrophages. Much, but not all, activation was accounted for by harmful behaviors and comorbidities. However, C-reactive protein, which is regulated by IL-6, was elevated in HIV+ frail men independent of these factors.
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8
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Johnstone J, Parsons R, Botelho F, Millar J, McNeil S, Fulop T, McElhaney JE, Andrew MK, Walter SD, Devereaux PJ, Malek M, Brinkman RR, Bramson J, Loeb M. T-Cell Phenotypes Predictive of Frailty and Mortality in Elderly Nursing Home Residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 65:153-159. [PMID: 27775813 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether immune phenotypes associated with immunosenescence are predictive of frailty and mortality within 1-year in elderly nursing home residents. DESIGN Cross sectional study of frailty; prospective cohort study of mortality. SETTING Thirty-two nursing homes in four Canadian cities between September 2009 and October 2011. PARTICIPANTS Nursing home residents aged 65 and older (N = 1,072, median age 86, 72% female). MEASUREMENTS After enrollment, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained and analyzed using flow cytometry for CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets (naïve, memory (central, effector, terminally differentiated, senescent), and regulatory T-cells) and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Multilevel linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between immune phenotypes and frailty; frailty was measured at the time of enrollment using the Frailty Index. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the relationship between immune phenotypes and time to death (within 1 year). RESULTS Mean Frailty Index was 0.44 ± 0.13. Multilevel regression analysis showed that higher percentages of naïve CD4+ T-cells (P = .001) and effector memory CD8+ T-cells (P = .02) were associated with a lower mean Frailty Index, whereas a higher percentage of CD8+ central memory T-cells was associated with a higher mean Frailty Index score (P = .02). One hundred fifty one (14%) members of the cohort died within 1 year. Multivariable analysis showed a significant negative multiplicative interaction between age and percentage of CMV-reactive CD4+ T-cells (hazard ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval = 0.79-0.96). No other significant factors were identified. CONCLUSION Immune phenotypes found to be predictive of frailty and mortality in this study can help further understanding of immunosenescence and may provide a rationale for future intervention studies designed to modulate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Johnstone
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Parsons
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Botelho
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie Millar
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelly McNeil
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Center and Capital Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Melissa K Andrew
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Stephen D Walter
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - P J Devereaux
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehrnoush Malek
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan R Brinkman
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Bramson
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Loeb
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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9
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De Pablo-Bernal RS, Ramos R, Genebat M, Cañizares J, Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia M, Muñoz-Fernández MA, Pacheco YM, Galvá MI, Leal M, Ruiz-Mateos E. Phenotype and Polyfunctional Deregulation Involving Interleukin 6 (IL-6)- and IL-10-Producing Monocytes in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Differ From Those in Healthy Older Individuals. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:999-1007. [PMID: 26518043 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the relevance of monocytes as promoters of the inflammatory response, whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection induces premature age-related changes to the phenotype and function of monocytes or whether these alterations are different and/or specifically driven by HIV remains to be mechanistically determined. METHODS We assayed the activation phenotype and the responsiveness in vitro to Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists in classical, intermediate, and nonclassical subsets of monocytes by assessing intracellular interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 10 (IL-10) production in 20 HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and 2 groups of uninfected controls (20 age-matched young individuals and 20 older individuals aged >65 years). RESULTS HIV-infected patients showed a more activated phenotype of monocytes than older controls. Regarding functionality, under unstimulated conditions HIV-infected patients showed a higher percentage of classical monocytes producing IL-6 and IL-10 than control subjects. The percentage of cells with production of multiple cytokines (polyfunctionality), including IL-10, in response to TLR agonists was greater among HIV-infected patients than among control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory alterations associated with monocytes during HIV infection are different from those in aging individuals. This monocyte dysfunction, mainly characterized by high levels of IL-6- and IL-10-producing monocytes, may have clinical implications in HIV-infected patients that are different from those in aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S De Pablo-Bernal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville
| | | | - M Genebat
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville
| | | | - M Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Seville
| | - M A Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y M Pacheco
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville
| | | | - M Leal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville
| | - E Ruiz-Mateos
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville
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10
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de Pablo-Bernal RS, Cañizares J, Rosado I, Galvá MI, Alvarez-Ríos AI, Carrillo-Vico A, Ferrando-Martínez S, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia M, Pacheco YM, Ramos R, Leal M, Ruiz-Mateos E. Monocyte Phenotype and Polyfunctionality Are Associated With Elevated Soluble Inflammatory Markers, Cytomegalovirus Infection, and Functional and Cognitive Decline in Elderly Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:610-8. [PMID: 26286603 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are mediators of the inflammatory response and include three subsets: classical, intermediate, and nonclassical. Little is known about the phenotypical and functional age-related changes in monocytes and their association with soluble inflammatory biomarkers, cytomegalovirus infection, and functional and mental decline. We assayed the activation ex vivo and the responsiveness to TLR2 and TLR4 agonists in vitro in the three subsets and assessed the intracellular production of IL1-alpha (α), IL1-beta (β), IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10 of elderly adults (median 83 [67-90] years old;n= 20) compared with young controls (median 35 [27-40] years old;n= 20). Ex vivo, the elderly adults showed a higher percentage of classical monocytes that expressed intracellular IL1-α (p= .001), IL1-β (p= .001), IL-6 (p= .002), and IL-8 (p= .007). Similar results were obtained both for the intermediate and nonclassical subsets and in vitro. Polyfunctionality was higher in the elderly adults. The functionality ex vivo was strongly associated with soluble inflammatory markers. The activation phenotype was independently associated with the anti-cytomegalovirus IgG levels and with functional and cognitive decline. These data demonstrate that monocytes are key cell candidates for the source of the high soluble inflammatory levels. Our findings suggest that cytomegalovirus infection might be a driving force in the activation of monocytes and is associated with the functional and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Sara de Pablo-Bernal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
| | | | - Isaac Rosado
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
| | | | - Ana Isabel Alvarez-Ríos
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital IBiS/CSIC/SAS/University of Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain. Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | | | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Immuno-Biology Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohammed Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Yolanda María Pacheco
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Leal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
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