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Dosanjh LH, Hinds JT, Cubbin C. The impacts of adverse childhood experiences on socioeconomic disadvantage by sexual and gender identity in the U.S. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 141:106227. [PMID: 37163969 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict low education and low income, but this has scarcely been examined by sexual orientation and gender identity. OBJECTIVE We investigated prevalence and associations between ACEs, low income, and low education in sexual and gender diverse (SGD) and cisgender heterosexual (CGH) sub-groups. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data came from 14 states in the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (n = 79,303). METHODS Chi-square, logistic regression, and moderation analyses were implemented to examine the prevalence and associations between ACEs, low income, and low education. Sample stratification was used to examine differences between SGD and CGH sub-groups. RESULTS SGD participants reported higher prevalence of ACEs, low income, and low education compared to CGH participants (p < 0.0001) with the highest proportions in transgender and queer/something else groups. ACEs were associated with low income (AOR 1.084, CI 1.067-1.102) and low education (AOR 1.056, CI 1.041-1.071) in the entire sample. Transgender and queer/something else groups had higher odds of low income (AOR 3.345, CI 1.975-5.665; AOR 1.702, CI 1.096-2.643) and low education (AOR 1.702, CI 1.096-2.643; AOR 3.552, CI 2.842-4.440) and gay/lesbian identity had reduced odds of low education (AOR 0.586, CI 0.457-0.751) compared to CGH males. The strength of associations between ACEs and low income and low education were weaker among SGD compared to CGH sub-groups. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of including categories of sexual identity cross-classified by gender identity in population-based analyses in order to facilitate a comprehensive characterization of the life course outcomes of SGD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Dosanjh
- The Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, United States of America.
| | - Josephine T Hinds
- The Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, United States of America
| | - Catherine Cubbin
- The Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, United States of America
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Brady D, Guerra C, Kohler U, Link B. The Long Arm of Prospective Childhood Income for Mature Adult Health in the United States. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 63:543-559. [PMID: 35253530 PMCID: PMC10510903 DOI: 10.1177/00221465221081094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pioneering scholarship links retrospective childhood conditions to mature adult health. We distinctively provide critical evidence with prospective state-of-the-art measures of parent income observed multiple times during childhood in the 1970s to 1990s. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we analyze six health outcomes (self-rated health, heart attack, stroke, life-threatening chronic conditions, non-life-threatening chronic conditions, and psychological distress) among 40- to 65-year-olds. Parent relative income rank has statistically and substantively significant relationships with five of six outcomes. The relationships with heart attack, stroke, and life-threatening chronic conditions are particularly strong. Parent income rank performs slightly better than alternative prospective and retrospective measures. At the same time, we provide novel validation on which retrospective measures (i.e., father's education) perform almost as well as prospective measures. Furthermore, we inform several perennial debates about how relative versus absolute income and other measures of socioeconomic status and social class influence health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brady
- University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- WZB Berlin Social Science Center
| | | | - Ulrich Kohler
- University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Bruce Link
- University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Rudmer de Vries T, Arends I, Hulvej Rod N, Oldehinkel AJ, Bültmann U. Proposing network analysis for early life adversity: An application on life event data. Soc Sci Med 2022; 296:114784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Laditka JN, Laditka SB, Hoyle JN. Identifying Developmental Disability in National Surveys: Addressing the Knowledge Gap with Special Education Histories. Disabil Health J 2022; 15:101324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li J, Lin S, Yan X, Pei L, Wang Z. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trajectories of ADL Disability among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: Findings from the CHARLS Cohort Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:1034-1041. [PMID: 36519765 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is little evidence on the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and disability trajectories among middle-aged and older adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between ACEs and activities of daily living (ADL) trajectories over eight years of follow-up and the mediation role of different chronic diseases on this relationship. DESIGN Prospective cohort study, eight-year follow-up. SETTING China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS). PARTICIPANTS A total of 10651 participants age 45 and over from CHARLS 2011 to 2018 were included in this study. MEASUREMENTS Five ACEs exposure groups were formed based on the cumulative ACE scores. A 6-item ADL score was used, including bathing, dressing, eating, getting in/out of bed, using the toilet, and controlling urination, to measure the ADL disability, and the group-based trajectory model (GBTM) was used to identify the ADL disability trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between ACEs and ADL disability trajectory memberships, and KHB-method was used to estimate the contribution of different chronic diseases on this relationship. RESULTS Of the 10651 participants, 9.64% showed a mild-increasing trajectory in terms of change in ADL score during follow-up, followed by the low-mild trajectory (32.00%) and low-low trajectory (58.36%). Compared with those without ACEs exposure, participants who had ≥4 ACEs were associated with an increased risk of being on low-mild trajectory (OR 1.32, 95%CI:1.11-1.57) and mild-increasing trajectory (OR 1.41, 95%CI: 1.06-1.89), respectively. Besides, mediation analysis revealed chronic diseases had a mediation effect in this association, with the largest effect from arthritis or rheumatism (over 60%), followed by digestive system disease (around 14%), respiratory disease (around 12%), and cardio-metabolic disease (around 5%). CONCLUSION This study suggested that exposure to ACEs was associated with a higher risk of being worse ADL disability trajectories. Moreover, chronic disease accounts for a meaningful proportion of this association. Further studies are needed to clarify how chronic diseases mediate the association between ACEs and ADL disability trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Lijun Pei, PhD, Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and development, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China, ; Tel and fax: +86 010-62751974
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Laditka SB, Laditka JN, Hoyle JN. Disability in Childhood, Special Education Histories, and Lifetime Health Outcomes in the United States. J Aging Health 2021; 33:919-930. [PMID: 33998309 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211018918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We evaluated special education as an indicator of childhood disability and used that indicator to estimate lifetime dependency and life expectancy. Methods: Data: Panel Study of Income Dynamics and Health and Retirement Study (n = 20,563). Dependency: Nursing home care or equivalent. Analysis: We first analyzed special education as an indicator of childhood disability; multinomial logistic Markov models and microsimulation then compared populations with and without childhood disability. Results: Special education history was a valid indicator of childhood disability. For example, with parents who did not complete high school, 3.8% with no special education history were dependent at least 5 years of adult life; that result with special education was 15.2%. Life expectancy from age 20 was 58.3 years without special education, 46.0 years with special education (both p < .05). Discussion: Special education history can indicate childhood disability. People with that history had significantly a more dependency than others and significantly shorter lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Laditka
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - James N Laditka
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jessica N Hoyle
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Carr D. Early-Life Influences on Later Life Well-Being: Innovations and Explorations. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 74:829-831. [PMID: 31111921 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Carr
- Department of Sociology, Boston University, Massachusetts
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Laditka JN, Laditka SB, Arif AA, Hoyle JN. Work-related asthma in the USA: nationally representative estimates with extended follow-up. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:617-622. [PMID: 32404531 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the associations of working in occupations with high asthma trigger exposures with the prevalence and incidence of asthma, and with ever reporting an asthma diagnosis throughout working life. METHODS We used the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1968-2015; n=13 957; 205 498 person-years), with annual reports of occupation and asthma diagnoses across 48 years. We compared asthma outcomes in occupations likely to have asthma trigger exposures with those in occupations with limited trigger exposures. We estimated the prevalence ratios and the incidence risk ratios using log-binomial regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and current and past atopy and smoking, and accounting for the survey design and sampling weights. We calculated the attributable risk fractions and population attributable risks, and used multinomial logistic Markov models and microsimulation to estimate the percentage of people ever diagnosed with asthma during working life. RESULTS The adjusted prevalence ratio comparing high-risk occupations with low-risk was 4.1 (95% CI 3.5 to 4.8); the adjusted risk ratio was 2.6 (CI 1.8 to 3.9). The attributable risk was 16.7% (CI 8.5 to 23.6); the population attributable risk was 11.3% (CI 5.0 to 17.2). In microsimulations, 14.9% (CI 13.4 to 16.3) with low trigger exposure risk reported asthma at least once, ages 18-65, compared with 23.9% (CI 22.3 to 26.0) with high exposure risk. CONCLUSION Adults were more than twice as likely to report a new asthma diagnosis if their occupation involved asthma triggers. Work exposures to asthma triggers may cause or aggravate about 11% of all adult asthma and increase the risk of work-life asthma by 60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Laditka
- Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah B Laditka
- Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ahmed A Arif
- Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica N Hoyle
- Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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Laditka SB, Laditka JN, Jagger C. Microsimulation of Health Expectancies, Life Course Health, and Health Policy Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF HEALTH EXPECTANCIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-37668-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hu B. Is Bullying Victimization in Childhood Associated With Mental Health in Old Age. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 76:161-172. [DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
This study investigates the relationship between bullying victimization in childhood and mental health in old age.
Methods
The study uses data from a nationally representative sample of 9,208 older people aged 60 and older collected through the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2014 and 2015.
Results
Older people who were bullied in childhood have more severe depressive symptoms and are more likely to be dissatisfied with life than those without the experience of bullying victimization. The negative impacts remain significant after childhood confounders (15 types of familial adversities), four groups of contemporary confounders (demographic, health, social support, and socioeconomic factors), and community-level unobserved heterogeneity are all controlled for. The negative impacts of bullying victimization on mental health are attenuated among people in very old age, which confirms the socioemotional selectivity theory.
Discussion
The consequences of bullying victimization for mental health are comparable to, or even greater than those of familial adversities and contemporary risk factors. The factors threatening mental health vary considerably for older people in different age groups. Effective anti-bullying schemes in childhood and personalized support in later life can make a substantial contribution to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre (CPEC), Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
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Early life adversity increases the salience of later life stress: an investigation of interactive effects in the PSID. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 11:25-36. [PMID: 31221227 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence has shown that stress throughout life is associated with health trajectories, but the combination of adverse experiences at different stages of the life course is not yet well understood. This study examines the interactions between childhood adversity, adulthood adversity, and adult physical and mental health. Using data from The Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study (CRCS) supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we created indices of early life adversity (EAI) and adult adversity (AAI). We used logistic regression to examine the effects of EAI and AAI, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, health behaviors, and childhood health as covariates in all models. We repeated this analysis for the outcomes of fair/poor health, two or more chronic conditions, and psychological distress in adulthood. For all the three outcomes, our findings suggest increasing salience of adult adversity among those who experienced higher levels of early adversity. Individuals with high EAI and high AAI exhibited the highest odds of fair/poor health (OR = 5.71), chronic conditions (OR = 3.06), and psychological distress (OR = 13.08) compared to those with low EAI and low AAI. These findings are consistent with the accumulation of risk or dual risk model of stress and health. Adversity in childhood amplifies the health risks associated with stress in adulthood for multiple health outcomes.
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Laditka JN, Laditka SB. Lifetime Disadvantages after Childhood Adversity: Health Problems Limiting Work and Shorter Life. THE ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE 2018; 680:259-277. [PMID: 31031404 PMCID: PMC6481962 DOI: 10.1177/0002716218795436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We examine how childhood adversity relates to work disability and life expectancy, using 1999-2015 data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We estimate the probabilities of work disability and death, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education in a nationally representative sample of African American, Hispanic, and white women and men. We find that people in all these groups who experienced high adversity childhoods (individuals with four or more of six adversity indicators) had significantly more work disability and shorter lives than those who experienced no adversity. These findings provide evidence that childhood adversity is associated with substantial disability, and a reduction in life expectancy of at least a decade. Childhood adversity was generally associated with more lost years of life for men than for women, and more disability for women than for men. The results are robust, even when controlling for diabetes, heart disease, depression, obesity, and sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Laditka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223,
| | - Sarah B Laditka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223,
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