1
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Bai G. Sources of Social Support and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Older Adults: A Moderated Mediation of Social Adaptation and Filial Piety. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024:914150241268166. [PMID: 39105296 DOI: 10.1177/00914150241268166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the mediating effect of social adaptation on the associations between sources of social support and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults, and explored how filial piety moderated these associations in different ways. Data were drawn from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey in 2018 (N = 6617). Regression analysis and bootstrap test were used to assess the mechanisms underlying the inconsistency between different sources of social support and depressive symptoms. We found that social support, except for pension, significantly affected depressive symptoms through social adaptation. Moreover, filial piety positively moderated the mediating effect of social adaptation on the association between social support inside the family and depressive symptoms, while negatively moderating it in regard to social support outside the family, except for pension, and depressive symptoms. The results showed filial piety may affect the extent to which older adults convert different sources of social support into personal subjective welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Bai
- School of Marxism, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu City, China
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2
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Sluiskes M, Goeman J, Beekman M, Slagboom E, van den Akker E, Putter H, Rodríguez-Girondo M. The AccelerAge framework: a new statistical approach to predict biological age based on time-to-event data. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:623-641. [PMID: 38581608 PMCID: PMC11249598 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-024-01114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted and intricate physiological process characterized by a gradual decline in functional capacity, leading to increased susceptibility to diseases and mortality. While chronological age serves as a strong risk factor for age-related health conditions, considerable heterogeneity exists in the aging trajectories of individuals, suggesting that biological age may provide a more nuanced understanding of the aging process. However, the concept of biological age lacks a clear operationalization, leading to the development of various biological age predictors without a solid statistical foundation. This paper addresses these limitations by proposing a comprehensive operationalization of biological age, introducing the "AccelerAge" framework for predicting biological age, and introducing previously underutilized evaluation measures for assessing the performance of biological age predictors. The AccelerAge framework, based on Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) models, directly models the effect of candidate predictors of aging on an individual's survival time, aligning with the prevalent metaphor of aging as a clock. We compare predictors based on the AccelerAge framework to a predictor based on the GrimAge predictor, which is considered one of the best-performing biological age predictors, using simulated data as well as data from the UK Biobank and the Leiden Longevity Study. Our approach seeks to establish a robust statistical foundation for biological age clocks, enabling a more accurate and interpretable assessment of an individual's aging status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Sluiskes
- Medical Statistics, Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jelle Goeman
- Medical Statistics, Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology, Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Erik van den Akker
- Molecular Epidemiology, Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Putter
- Medical Statistics, Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Girondo
- Medical Statistics, Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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3
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Liu X, Wang D, Gu C, Bao H, Luo Y. Perceived Ageism in Health Care: A Hybrid Concept Analysis. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241248297. [PMID: 38631909 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241248297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying perceived ageism is a critical step in eliminating ageism. This hybrid concept analysis aims to describe the concept of perceived ageism in health care. In the theoretical phase, a scoping review was conducted. In the field phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine community-dwelling older adults. In the final analytical phase, results from the theoretical phase were integrated with those from the fieldwork phase. The perceived ageism in health care includes four dimensions: self-internalization (self-denial, a sense of unease, and passivity of behavior in seeking health care), interpersonal interaction (perceived negative perceptions, neglected attitudes, and unfair care behaviors), organization system (perceived strangeness caused by unfamiliar technology, unsupportive environment, and inadequate resources), and procedure policy (perceived uniformity of healthcare process and lack of targeted practice policies). Research related to this concept has contributed to developing measurement tools for assessing perceived ageism in healthcare practice and subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- Third Military University/Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Third Military University/Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- ShuangBei Community Health Service Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoying Bao
- Third Military University/Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Third Military University/Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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4
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Sluiskes MH, Goeman JJ, Beekman M, Slagboom PE, Putter H, Rodríguez-Girondo M. Clarifying the biological and statistical assumptions of cross-sectional biological age predictors: an elaborate illustration using synthetic and real data. BMC Med Res Methodol 2024; 24:58. [PMID: 38459475 PMCID: PMC10921716 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-024-02181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is divergence in the rate at which people age. The concept of biological age is postulated to capture this variability, and hence to better represent an individual's true global physiological state than chronological age. Biological age predictors are often generated based on cross-sectional data, using biochemical or molecular markers as predictor variables. It is assumed that the difference between chronological and predicted biological age is informative of one's chronological age-independent aging divergence ∆. METHODS We investigated the statistical assumptions underlying the most popular cross-sectional biological age predictors, based on multiple linear regression, the Klemera-Doubal method or principal component analysis. We used synthetic and real data to illustrate the consequences if this assumption does not hold. RESULTS The most popular cross-sectional biological age predictors all use the same strong underlying assumption, namely that a candidate marker of aging's association with chronological age is directly informative of its association with the aging rate ∆. We called this the identical-association assumption and proved that it is untestable in a cross-sectional setting. If this assumption does not hold, weights assigned to candidate markers of aging are uninformative, and no more signal may be captured than if markers would have been assigned weights at random. CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectional methods for predicting biological age commonly use the untestable identical-association assumption, which previous literature in the field had never explicitly acknowledged. These methods have inherent limitations and may provide uninformative results, highlighting the importance of researchers exercising caution in the development and interpretation of cross-sectional biological age predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije H Sluiskes
- Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jelle J Goeman
- Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hein Putter
- Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Girondo
- Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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5
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Henry JD, Coundouris SP, Nangle MR. Breaking the links between ageism and health: An integrated perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102212. [PMID: 38307423 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Ageism refers to prejudice, stereotypes or discrimination based on a person's actual or perceived chronological age. While ageism can affect people at all stages of the human lifespan, ageism against older adults has emerged as the most pervasive and potentially harmful. Much is now understood about how ageism can impact older people's health and wellbeing via structural, organisational, and provider level biases that threaten the provision of equitable and ethical healthcare. Negative attitudes about age and ageing also contribute to workforce shortages in aged care sectors, such as residential aged care and nursing. However, often underappreciated is how self-directed ageism, which refers to ageism turned against oneself, can also be an important determinant of health and wellbeing. Relative to external sources of ageism, negative internalised ageist beliefs are not only experienced more frequently in older adults' everyday lives, but are also more strongly linked to their health and wellbeing. Here we highlight how this understanding means that eliminating ageism requires a multifaceted approach that targets not only health care systems and aged care professionals, but older people themselves. Because normal age-related cognitive changes in how we think, perceive and reason increase the risk of older people viewing themselves through a negative and ageist lens, we provide a novel discussion of how broader insights from cognitive ageing literature must play a central role in any agenda focused on breaking the links between ageism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Henry
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Sarah P Coundouris
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew R Nangle
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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6
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Wu H, Lu Y, Fan Z, Zhang L. The Chinese Adaptation and Validation of the Adolescents' Ageism Toward Older Adults Scale. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024:914150241235086. [PMID: 38414341 DOI: 10.1177/00914150241235086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to translate and validate the adolescents' ageism toward older adults scale (AGES) in the Chinese cultural context and examine its psychometric properties among Chinese adolescents. Methods: The study consists of two phases with two separate samples. In phase one (sample 1: n = 407), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is conducted to determine the factor structure of the C-AGES. In phase two (sample 2: n = 379), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is performed to confirm the factor structure and assess the model fit of the C-AGES. Results: EFA reveals a two-factor structure consisting of 17 items for the C-AGES. CFA in sample 2 confirms the factor structure and demonstrates good model fit. The C-AGES also exhibits high criterion validity, internal consistency, and cross-gender invariance. Discussion: The results suggest that the C-AGES is a valid measurement tool for assessing agism among Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Wu
- School of English, Jilin International Studies University, Changchun, China
- School of Foreign Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yitao Lu
- School of Education, Jilin International Studies University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiguang Fan
- School of Education, Jilin International Studies University, Changchun, China
| | - Lehua Zhang
- School of Foreign Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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7
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Parker GJ, Haslam C, Stuart J, Shum DHK, Ownsworth T. Examining the Utility of a Multiple Group Membership Intervention for Alleviating the Effects of Age-Based Stereotype Threat on Older adults' Memory Performance. Exp Aging Res 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38278144 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2024.2306457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of a multiple group membership intervention for reducing the negative effects of age-based stereotype threat (ABST) on older adults' objective memory performance and subjective memory concerns. Healthy older adults (N = 68) were randomly allocated to an ABST + threat-removal (ABST+TR) or ABST + active-control (ABST+AC) condition. After activating ABST, the ABST+TR condition completed a group-listing task and the ABST+AC condition completed a meal-listing task. Participants then completed the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Everyday Memory Questionnaire - Revised. One significant difference was found in memory performance between conditions; specifically, after controlling for age, gender, and number of items listed, those in the ABST+TR condition performed significantly better on the RAVLT memory interference trial. Further, listing a greater number of group memberships was associated with better memory performance in the ABST+TR condition. No significant difference was found in subjective memory concerns between the ABST+TR condition and the ABST+AC condition. Overall, the current findings indicated that raising the salience of multiple group memberships offered limited protection for older adults' cognitive test performance in the context of ABST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giverny J Parker
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine Haslam
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jaimee Stuart
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- The United Nations University Institute in Macau, Macau (SAR), China
| | - David H K Shum
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Research Institute of Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tamara Ownsworth
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Allen JO, Sikora N. Aging Stigma and the Health of US Adults Over 65: What Do We Know? Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:2093-2116. [PMID: 38116457 PMCID: PMC10729833 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s396833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review assessed the current state of research on aging stigma and health relevant to US adults ages 65 and older. We adopted a stigma framework to highlight aging stigma as a meaningful social construct and the complex ways in which it may be harmful for health. We identified 29 studies of various types (experimental, intervention, cross-sectional quantitative, longitudinal quantitative, and qualitative) published between 2010 and 2023 that investigated relationships between concepts related to aging stigma and health. Aging stigma was associated with poor short- and long-term health outcomes spanning cognition, psychological wellbeing, physical health, and hospitalizations. The premise that aging stigma is harmful to health was moderately well supported, while evidence that health influenced aging stigma was weak. Collectively, studies provided insight into several mechanisms through which aging stigma may affect the health of older US adults, while also highlighting areas for future research. Potential strategies for addressing aging stigma as a public health hazard were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ober Allen
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nadine Sikora
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Miao J, Bierman A. Functional Limitations and Psychological Well-Being Among Older Adults in China: The Critical Role of Hukou as a Stratifying Factor. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2023; 97:327-353. [PMID: 36529533 PMCID: PMC10363946 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221143997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Based on a stress process perspective, this study examines how the hukou system and gender intersect to shape the relationship between functional limitations and psychological well-being in older adults. Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (N = 17,708 at baseline), analyses are carried out with random- and fixed-effects models. Analyses show that an urban hukou benefits the psychological well-being of Chinese older adults by weakening the relationship between functional limitations and depression, and these differences do not vary significantly between men and women. The relationship between functional limitations and life satisfaction does not differ by hukou region. This study shows that China's household registration system provides an important context for the associations between functional limitations and psychological well-being in later life. The hukou system is an important stratifying agent and should be taken into account in the study of stress and aging in a Chinese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Miao
- Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alex Bierman
- Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Ayalon L, Roy S. Combatting ageism in the Western Pacific region. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 35:100593. [PMID: 37424682 PMCID: PMC10326689 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The present viewpoint examines the manifestation of ageism, defined as stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination towards people because of their age, in the Western Pacific region. Research is still equivocal concerning the nature of ageism in the Western Pacific region, especially in East and South-East Asia (e.g., Eastern countries). There has been plenty of research to support as well as question the general notion of Eastern cultures and countries as being less ageist compared to Western cultures and countries at individual, interpersonal, and institutional levels. Although varied theoretical explanations have aimed to explain East-West differences in ageism such as the modernization theory, the pace of population aging, the proportion of older people in the country, cultural hypothesis, and GATEism, none of these theories fully accounts for the mixed findings. As such, it is safe to conclude that targeting ageism should be an important step in ensuring a world for all ages in Western Pacific countries.
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Abstract
Age is the key risk factor for diseases and disabilities of the elderly. Efforts to tackle age-related diseases and increase healthspan have suggested targeting the ageing process itself to 'rejuvenate' physiological functioning. However, achieving this aim requires measures of biological age and rates of ageing at the molecular level. Spurred by recent advances in high-throughput omics technologies, a new generation of tools to measure biological ageing now enables the quantitative characterization of ageing at molecular resolution. Epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data can be harnessed with machine learning to build 'ageing clocks' with demonstrated capacity to identify new biomarkers of biological ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarod Rutledge
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Ageing, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hamilton Oh
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Ageing, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Ageing, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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12
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The deprived or the devil? A content analysis of the media representation of older adults under COVID-19 in Hong Kong. AGEING & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x22000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Older adults have been statistically proved to be at a higher risk of getting severely infected by the coronavirus COVID-19, evoking sweeping narratives of compassionate ageism surrounding them in different discourses. By analysing the media content, scholars from different areas have alerted us about the amplified ageism aroused by the pandemic crisis. However, we are still short of empirical evidence to learn how ageism is constructed in diverse sociocultural contexts in the wake of this global pandemic crisis. This study provides the case of Hong Kong to reflect on how ageism, as a set of social inequalities, is constructed. By examining 814 articles collected from the three most popular newspapers with different political orientations in Hong Kong, this study uses quantitative and qualitative content analysis to examine how older people have been generally represented. Then it further compares how these representations have been influenced by the media's liberal or conservative preferences. Third, it examines the relationship between the political orientation of newspapers and how different forms of ageism are constructed. The findings indicate that despite the liberal or conservative inclination of the three newspapers, they portray the older population as frail, dependent and deprived not only at the biomedical level but in all aspects of life. This study also reveals that the newspapers with a populist inclination in both camps have shown more hostile attitudes in representing compassionate ageism. In contrast, liberal and conservative-leaning media affirmed the government's dominant role in taking full responsibility for caring for the older population. The findings indicate that the polarised ageism frame cannot fully explain the underpinnings of ageism and implied policy processing in different contexts.
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13
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Wu X, Konrad AM. Does age diversity benefit team outcomes, if so, when and how? A moderated mediation model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Long Y, Jiang X, Wang Y, Zhou X, You X. You Are Old, but Are You Out? Intergenerational Contact Impacts on Out-Group Perspective-Taking and on the Roles of Stereotyping and Intergroup Anxiety. Front Psychol 2022; 13:781072. [PMID: 35369171 PMCID: PMC8970797 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.781072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perspective-taking (PT) is an important ability to imagine the world from another's point of view. Prior studies have shown that younger adults are more likely to consider the opinions of age-based in-group members relative to out-group members. However, the cause of this priority is still unknown. We conducted three independent studies to explore the effect of intergenerational contact on younger adults' PT toward older adults and the possible roles of stereotyping and intergroup anxiety. A total of 192 college students completed the Perspective taking Scale in Study 1 after being primed with age-based intergroup relationships. The results indicated that younger adults found it more difficult to take the perspective of older adults than that of their peers. 200 college students completed the Prior Contact Scale, Intergroup Anxiety Scale, Negative Stereotype Scale, and PT Scale in Study 2. The results demonstrated that intergenerational contact improved PT toward older adults by disrupting negative stereotypes, and intergroup anxiety moderated this mediating relationship. A total of 215 college students completed the PT Scale in the context of imagining intergenerational contact in Study 3. Interestingly, imagined contact effectively increased younger adults' ability to take older adults' perspectives. The present research verifies that contact is important for influencing younger adults' emotional (intergroup anxiety) and attitudinal (stereotyping) factors that are critical to improving younger adults' ability to take older people's perspectives. This is of great significance for developing harmonious intergenerational relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Long
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- The Mental Health Education Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuqun You
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Behavioral and Cognitive Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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15
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Xi W, Zhang X, Ayalon L. The Framing Effect of Intergenerational Comparison of Technologies on Technophobia Among Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:1179-1185. [PMID: 34687290 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sharing similar negative age-stereotypes (e.g., outdated, unfashionable), older adults and older technologies are stereotypically associated with each other. This also was found to be internalized by older adults. Recent research has suggested that internalized negative age-stereotypes may be one of the reasons for technophobia among older adults. Therefore, considering the pervasiveness of intergenerational comparison of technologies (e.g., computer vs. tablet) in which older-generation technologies are negatively portrayed, we aim to investigate whether a mere intergenerational comparison of technologies would affect technophobia via negative self-stereotypes activation among older adults. Specifically, two commonly-seen framings of intergenerational comparison of technologies are examined: contrast framing, which describes opposing intergenerational relationship of technologies; and connect framing, which describes continuous intergenerational relationship of technologies. METHOD We designed three advertisements for a made-up new technological product using contrast framing, connect framing, and neutral framing (where intergenerational comparison was absent). A sample of 284 participants (age 27-83) was gathered online and randomly assigned into the three experimental conditions. Self-perception of aging (SPA), technophobia, and potential covariates were measured. RESULTS The results showed a significant framing×age×gender effect on psychosocial loss dimension of SPA and technophobia. Men were significantly affected by the framing effect as they age, but women were not affected. Contrast framing (vs. connect vs. neutral framing) led to significantly higher technophobia via psychosocial loss dimension of SPA among older men aged 49 and over. DISCUSSION The findings have important implications for how to better convey persuasive information to promote new technology adoption among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Xi
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liat Ayalon
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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16
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Nicolas P, Régner I, Lemaire P. Cultural Differences in Susceptibility to Stereotype Threat: France versus India. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1329-1339. [PMID: 32620013 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Negative aging stereotypes make older adults perform below their true potential in a number of cognitive domains. This phenomenon, known as Age-Based Stereotype Threat, is currently viewed as a powerful factor contributing to an overestimation of cognitive decline in normal aging. However, age-based stereotype threat has been investigated almost exclusively in Western countries. Whether this phenomenon is universal or culture-specific is unknown. METHOD Here, we first ran a pilot study (N = 106) in which we assessed French and Indian participants' attitudes towards aging. Then, we assessed stereotype threat effects on arithmetic problem-solving performance and strategies in French and Indian older adults (N = 104). RESULTS We found that French older adults have more negative implicit attitudes towards aging than Indian older adults. We also found that culture modulates age-based stereotype threat effects. Whereas French older adults experienced stereotype threat on both selection and execution of strategies on all arithmetic problems, Indian older adults experienced this threat only in their strategy selection on harder problems. Most interestingly, cultural differences emerged on arithmetic problems under stereotype threat condition, where otherwise no cultural differences were found in the control condition. DISCUSSION Our findings have important implications for understanding how cultural contexts change aging effects on human cognition and age-related difference in cognitive performance.
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Hill TD, Gonzalez KE, Upenieks L. Love thy Aged? A State-Level Analysis of Religiosity and Mobility in Aging Populations During the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. J Aging Health 2021; 33:377-386. [PMID: 33382007 PMCID: PMC8685583 DOI: 10.1177/0898264320984016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We test whether the association between state
religiosity and distance traveled is moderated by population age during the
novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Mobility is
operationalized as the state-level average median distance traveled from
February 24 to May 4 across the contiguous United States. Shelter-in-place rates
are operationalized as the state-level percentage of users staying home. State
religiosity is measured with an index of aggregated religious identities,
beliefs, and practices. Population age is indicated by the state percentage of
adults aged 65 years and older. We model population mobility using regression
with state clustered robust SEs. Results: We
observe that religious states tend to travel more during the early stages of the
pandemic. However, the behavioral risks associated with state religiosity are
less pronounced in states with larger older populations.
Discussion: We contribute to our understanding of the social
patterning of pandemic mobility in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence D Hill
- 12346The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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18
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Zhao S, Long M, Diao Y, Ma H, Liu M, Feng Z, Wang Y. Culture-related grief beliefs and social support influence depressive symptoms of Shidu parents in rural China. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1945748. [PMID: 34367525 PMCID: PMC8312613 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1945748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents who have lost their only child are known as Shidu parents in China. Losing an only child is an enormous tragedy for parents that can trigger severe depressive symptoms. Few studies have explored the influence of cultural beliefs and social support on depressive symptoms. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationship between culture-related grief beliefs, social support and depressive symptoms among Shidu parents in rural China. METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sujiatun district of Shenyang, China. Data were collected from November 2019 to February 2020 from 228 rural Shidu parents. Questionnaires consisted of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scales (CES-D), the Culture-related Grief Beliefs of Shidu Parents Questionnaire (CBSQ), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and demographic and bereavement-related information. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations among culture-related grief beliefs, social support and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Of the 228 Shidu parents, 87.0% reported depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16). The mean age of the participants was 62.91 years, ranging from 50 to 86. Regression analysis indicated that parents' younger age, lower education level and debts were prominent risk factors for depressive symptoms. Perceived stigma (a subscale of CBSQ) was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Social support was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Given the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in rural Shidu parents, there is a critical need to reduce perceived stigma and increase social support to alleviate depressive symptoms among Shidu parents in rural China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Meijun Long
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yucong Diao
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Ma
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ziyi Feng
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Parker GJ, Ownsworth T, Haslam C, Shum DHK. Overcoming Age-Based Stereotypes to Optimise Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Methodology and Existing Evidence. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 62:e206-e223. [PMID: 33220050 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Age-based stereotype threat (ABST) poses serious risks for the cognitive screening of older adults. This review aimed to identify and critically appraise the methodology and existing evidence of studies investigating the use of threat-removal (TR) strategies to overcome the effects of ABST on the cognitive performance of older adults. The types of strategies, their effectiveness in optimising cognitive performance, and factors influencing their effectiveness were examined. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from 1st January 1995 to 6th November 2019. Two authors independently assessed article eligibility and appraised methodological quality of eligible articles using an adaptation of the STROBE guidelines. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise results. RESULTS Thirty articles, reporting on 36 studies, were eligible and included. Overall, evidence for the effectiveness of TR was mixed and varied according to the explicitness of strategies and comparison conditions used. Studies examining blatant TR strategies, and those using a combination of blatant and subtle TR strategies, provided limited support for their effectiveness in overcoming ABST. However, studies evaluating subtle TR strategies provided preliminary support for their effectiveness in overcoming ABST. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Existing studies provide limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of TR strategies in overcoming ABST due to methodological limitations. Recommendations are made for the design of future studies to differentiate the benefits of TR strategies from the detrimental effects of ABST, thus potentially informing their use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giverny J Parker
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tamara Ownsworth
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine Haslam
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David H K Shum
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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20
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Rajput K, Sud A, Rees M, Rutka O. Epidemiology of trauma presentations to a major trauma centre in the North West of England during the COVID-19 level 4 lockdown. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2020; 47:631-636. [PMID: 32997167 PMCID: PMC7525754 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted healthcare systems globally, little is known about the trauma patterns during a national lockdown. The aim of this study is to delineate the trauma patterns and outcomes at Aintree University Teaching Hospital level 1 Major Trauma Centre (MTC) during the COVID-19 lockdown imposed by the U.K. government. Methods A retrospective cohort study data from the Merseyside and Cheshire Trauma Audit and Research Network database were analysed. The 7-week ‘lockdown period’ was compared to a 7-week period prior to the lockdown and also to an equivalent 7-week period corresponding to the previous year. Results A total of 488 patients were included in the study. Overall, there was 37.6% and 30.0% reduction in the number of traumatic injuries during lockdown. Road traffic collisions (RTC) reduced by 42.6% and 46.6%. RTC involving a car significantly reduced during lockdown, conversely, bike-related RTC significantly increased. No significant changes were noted in deliberate self-harm, trauma severity and crude mortality during lockdown. There was 1 mortality from COVID-19 infection in the lockdown cohort. Conclusion Trauma continues during lockdown, our MTC has continued to provide a full service during lockdown. However, trauma patterns have changed and departments should adapt to balance these alongside the COVID-19 pandemic. As the U.K. starts its cautious transition out of lockdown, trauma services are required to be flexible during changes in national social restrictions and changing trauma patterns. COVID-19 and lockdown state were found to have no significant impact on survival outcomes for trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Rajput
- Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK.
| | - Ajay Sud
- Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
| | - Michael Rees
- Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
| | - Olga Rutka
- Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
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21
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Ackerman LS, Chopik WJ. Cross-Cultural Comparisons in Implicit and Explicit Age Bias. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2020; 47:953-968. [PMID: 32875949 DOI: 10.1177/0146167220950070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most research documenting bias against older adults has been conducted in individualistic and industrialized cultures. In the current study, we examined cultural variation in attitudes toward older adults and subjective age in a large sample of 911,982 participants (Mage = 27.42, SD = 12.23; 67.6% women) from 68 different countries (Msize = 12,077; Mdnsize = 425.5). We hypothesized that age bias would be lower among those living in highly collectivistic countries. We found that living in collectivistic countries was associated with less implicit and explicit age bias, and greater feelings of warmth toward older adults compared with highly individualistic countries. Given the impact of age bias and prejudice on both the targets and perpetrators of bias, further research is needed to examine the causes of and interventions for bias against older adults.
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22
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Introduction to the 2019 J. Don Read Early Career Award: Sarah J. Barber. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Menopausal transition experiences and management strategies of Chinese immigrant women: a scoping review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:1434-1443. [PMID: 32769756 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE AND OBJECTIVE Chinese immigrants are among some of the fastest growing groups in many Western countries, and experience challenges such as language barriers, education gaps, and gender discrimination, which highlights the need for special attention and consideration in Western health care. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize existing research on the menopausal experiences of Chinese immigrant women (CIW). METHODS This scoping review was written in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AgeLine, ERIC, ProQuest, Nursing and Allied Health Database, PsycARTICLES, Sociology Database, and Education Research Complete were utilized for the literature search. Articles were included if they examined CIW experiencing menopausal transition. A total of 18 studies were included for review. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Findings suggested that CIW experienced a variety of physical symptoms, including muscle and joint pain, urogenital symptoms, vasomotor symptoms, weight gain, decreased physical strength, vision changes, and skin changes. Muscle and joint pain were particularly prevalent and emphasized. CIW also experienced psycho-behavioral symptoms including emotional changes, depression, memory loss, and sexual dysfunction. However, they had a decreased concern regarding symptoms of sexual dysfunction and decreased libido when compared with women from Western cultures. CIW interpreted menopause as a natural aging process involving the next step in life. Cultural expectations of stoicism and silence may cause immigrant women to be less vocal about their menopause experiences and result in feelings of loneliness. Acculturation may be both a facilitator and a barrier to a healthy menopausal transition. CIW were resistant to Western Medicine management such as hormone therapy but were willing to incorporate traditional medicine into their health care. They believed that a healthy mentality was important and used various psychocognitive strategies to maintain a good quality of life. Healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers need to consider the unique characteristics of CIW's menopausal transition in research, intervention innovation, and practice.
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Kitayama S, Berg M, Chopik W. Culture and well-being in late adulthood: Theory and evidence. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020; 75:567-576. [PMID: 32378950 PMCID: PMC7474435 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aging happens to everyone everywhere. At present, however, little is known about whether life-span adult development-and particularly development in late adulthood-is pancultural or culture-bound. Here, we propose that in Western cultural contexts, individuals are encouraged to maintain the active, positive, and independent self. This cultural expectation continues even in late adulthood, thus leading to a mismatch between aspirations to live up to the cultural expectation and the reality of aging. This mismatch is potentially alienating. In contrast, in Asian cultural contexts, a critical task throughout life is to achieve attunement with age-graded social roles. This ideal may be more attainable even in late adulthood. Our review of existent evidence lends support to this analysis. Specifically, in late adulthood, Americans showed a robust psychological bias toward high-arousal positive (vs. negative) emotions. This positivity, however, concealed a somber aspect of aging that manifested itself in more demanding realms of life. Thus, Americans in late adulthood also showed marked declines in certain desirable personality traits (e.g., extraversion and conscientiousness) and some aspects of the meaning in life (e.g., personal growth and purpose in life). None of these effects were apparent among East Asians. The current work underscores a need to extend research on life-span development beyond Western populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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