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Daitch AK, Goley ED. OpgH is an essential regulator of Caulobacter morphology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555136. [PMID: 37693447 PMCID: PMC10491104 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial growth and division rely on intricate regulation of morphogenetic complexes to remodel the cell envelope without compromising envelope integrity. Significant progress has been made in recent years towards understanding the regulation of cell wall metabolic enzymes. However, other cell envelope components play a role in morphogenesis as well. Components required to maintain osmotic homeostasis are among these understudied envelope-associated enzymes that may contribute to cell morphology. A primary factor required to protect envelope integrity in low osmolarity environments is OpgH, the synthase of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs). Here, we demonstrate that OpgH is essential in the α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus. Unexpectedly, depletion of OpgH results in striking asymmetric bulging and cell lysis, accompanied by misregulation of cell wall insertion and mislocalization of morphogenetic complexes. The enzymatic activity of OpgH is required for normal cell morphology as production of an OpgH mutant that disrupts a conserved glycosyltransferase motif phenocopies the depletion. Our data establish a surprising function for an OpgH homolog in morphogenesis and reveal an essential role of OpgH in maintaining proper cell morphology during normal growth and division in Caulobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K. Daitch
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Current position: Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD, United States of America
| | - Erin D. Goley
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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2
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Yang R, Lai B, Liao K, Liu B, Huang L, Li S, Gu J, Lin Z, Chen Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Deng J, Chen S, Zhuo C, Zhou Y. Overexpression of BIT33_RS14560 Enhances the Biofilm Formation and Virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:867770. [PMID: 35547150 PMCID: PMC9083411 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.867770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii, a strictly aerobic, non-lactose fermented Gram-negative bacteria, is one of the important pathogens of nosocomial infection. Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter membrane proteins are a class of proteins that widely exists in microbial genomes and have been revealed to be related to biofilm formation in a variety of microorganisms. However, as one of the MFS transporter membrane proteins, little is known about the role of BIT33_RS14560 in A. baumannii. To explore the effects of BIT33_RS14560 on biofilm formation of A. baumannii, the biofilm formation abilities of 62 isolates were firstly investigated and compared with their transcript levels of BIT33_RS14560. Then, this specific gene was over-expressed in a standard A. baumannii strain (ATCC 19606) and two isolates of extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii (XDR-Ab). Bacterial virulence was observed using a Galleria mellonella infection model. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA seq) was performed on ATCC 19606 over-expressed strain and its corresponding empty plasmid control strain. Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated a significant negative correlation (R = −0.569, p = 0.000) between the △CT levels of BIT33_RS1456 and biofilm grading of A. baumannii isolates. The amount of A. baumannii biofilm was relatively high within 12–48 h. Regardless of standard or clinical strains; the biofilm biomass in the BIT33_RS14560 overexpression group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( p < 0.0001). Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis showed that the mortality of G. mellonella was significantly higher when infected with the BIT33_RS14560 overexpression strain (χ2 = 8.462, p = 0.004). RNA-Seq showed that the mRNA expression levels of three genes annotated as OprD family outer membrane porin, glycosyltransferase family 39 protein, and glycosyltransferase family 2 protein, which were related to bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and virulence, were significantly upregulated when BIT33_RS14560 was over-expressed. Our findings provided new insights in identifying potential drug targets for the inhibition of biofilm formation. We also developed a practical method to construct an over-expressed vector that can stably replicate in XDR-Ab isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifu Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bipeng Lai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baomo Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoli Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincui Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Qiu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiating Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Goubet F, Dupree P, Johansen KS. Carbohydrate Gel Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2149:33-44. [PMID: 32617927 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0621-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide analysis using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) relies on derivatization of reducing ends of sugars with a fluorophore, followed by electrophoresis under optimized conditions in polyacrylamide gels. PACE is a sensitive and simple tool for studying polysaccharide structure or quantity and also has applications in the investigation of enzyme specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Goubet
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center Comm.V., Innovation Center Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katja Salomon Johansen
- University of Copenhagen, Geosciences and Natural Resources Management, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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4
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Irani AH, Mercadante D, Williams MAK. On the electrophoretic mobilities of partially charged oligosaccharides as a function of charge patterning and degree of polymerization. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1497-1503. [PMID: 29603292 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fully or partially charged oligosaccharide molecules play a key role in many areas of biology, where their fine structures are crucial in determining their functionality. However, the separation of specific charged oligosaccharides from similar moieties that typically coexist in extracted samples, even for those that are unbranched, and in cases where each saccharide moiety can only carry a single charge or not, is far from trivial. Typically such molecules are characterized by a degree of polymerization n and a number m (and distribution) of charged residues, and must be separated from a plethora of similar species possessing different combinations of n and m. Furthermore, the separation of the possible n!/m!(n-m)! isomers of each species of fixed n and m is a formidable challenge to analytical chemists. Herein, we report the results of molecular dynamics simulations that have been performed in order to calculate the free solution electrophoretic mobilities of galacturonides and charged oligosaccharides derived from digests of the important plant cell-wall polysaccharide pectin. The simulations are compared with an experiment and are found to correctly predict the loss of resolution of fully charged species above a critical degree of polymerization n and the ionic strength dependence of the electrophoretic mobilities of different partially charged oligosaccharides. It is expected that having a predictive tool for the calculation of the electrophoretic mobilities of differently charged oligosaccharide species in hand will allow experimental conditions that optimize the resolution of particular species to be ascertained and understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Irani
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Martin A K Williams
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
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5
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Chormova D, Fry SC. Boron bridging of rhamnogalacturonan-II is promoted in vitro by cationic chaperones, including polyhistidine and wall glycoproteins. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:241-51. [PMID: 26301520 PMCID: PMC4973674 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dimerization of rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) via boron cross-links contributes to the assembly and biophysical properties of the cell wall. Pure RG-II is efficiently dimerized by boric acid (B(OH)3 ) in vitro only if nonbiological agents for example Pb(2+) are added. By contrast, newly synthesized RG-II domains dimerize very rapidly in vivo. We investigated biological agents that might enable this. We tested for three such agents: novel enzymes, borate-transferring ligands and cationic 'chaperones' that facilitate the close approach of two polyanionic RG-II molecules. Dimerization was monitored electrophoretically. Parsley shoot cell-wall enzymes did not affect RG-II dimerization in vitro. Borate-binding ligands (apiose, dehydroascorbic acid, alditols) and small organic cations (including polyamines) also lacked consistent effects. Polylysine bound permanently to RG-II, precluding electrophoretic analysis. However, another polycation, polyhistidine, strongly promoted RG-II dimerization by B(OH)3 without irreversible polyhistidine-RG-II complexation. Likewise, partially purified spinach extensins (histidine/lysine-rich cationic glycoproteins), strongly promoted RG-II dimerization by B(OH)3 in vitro. Thus certain polycations, including polyhistidine and wall glycoproteins, can chaperone RG-II, manoeuvring this polyanionic polysaccharide domain such that boron-bridging is favoured. These chaperones dissociate from RG-II after facilitating its dimerization, indicating that they act catalytically rather than stoichiometrically. We propose a natural role for extensin-RG-II interaction in steering cell-wall assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Chormova
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall GroupInstitute of Molecular Plant SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of EdinburghThe King's BuildingsMayfield RoadEdinburghEH9 3JHUK
| | - Stephen C. Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall GroupInstitute of Molecular Plant SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of EdinburghThe King's BuildingsMayfield RoadEdinburghEH9 3JHUK
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6
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Wang XP, Jiang YL, Dai YN, Cheng W, Chen Y, Zhou CZ. Structural and enzymatic analyses of a glucosyltransferase Alr3699/HepE involved in Anabaena heterocyst envelop polysaccharide biosynthesis. Glycobiology 2015; 26:520-31. [PMID: 26692049 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of the heterocyst envelope polysaccharide (HEP) is a key process for cyanobacterial heterocyst differentiation. The maturation of HEP in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is controlled by a gene cluster termed HEP island in addition to an operon alr3698-alr3699, which encodes two putative proteins termed Alr3698/HepD and Alr3699/HepE. Here we report the crystal structures of HepE in the apo-form and three complex forms that bind to UDP-glucose (UDPG), UDP&glucose, and UDP, respectively. The overall structure of HepE displays a typical GT-B fold of glycosyltransferases, comprising two separate β/α/β Rossmann-fold domains that form an inter-domain substrate-binding crevice. Structural analyses combined with enzymatic assays indicate that HepE is a glucosyltransferase using UDPG as a sugar donor. Further site-directed mutageneses enable us to assign the key residues that stabilize the sugar donor and putative acceptor. Based on the comparative structural analyses, we propose a putative catalytic cycle of HepE, which undergoes "open-closed-open" conformational changes upon binding to the substrates and release of products. These findings provide structural and catalytic insights into the first enzyme involved in the HEP biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Dai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
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Chormova D, Messenger DJ, Fry SC. Boron bridging of rhamnogalacturonan-II, monitored by gel electrophoresis, occurs during polysaccharide synthesis and secretion but not post-secretion. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 77:534-46. [PMID: 24320597 PMCID: PMC4171739 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The cell-wall pectic domain rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) is cross-linked via borate diester bridges, which influence the expansion, thickness and porosity of the wall. Previously, little was known about the mechanism or subcellular site of this cross-linking. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to separate monomeric from dimeric (boron-bridged) RG-II, we confirmed that Pb(2+) promotes H3 BO3 -dependent dimerisation in vitro. H3 BO3 concentrations as high as 50 mm did not prevent cross-linking. For in-vivo experiments, we successfully cultured 'Paul's Scarlet' rose (Rosa sp.) cells in boron-free medium: their wall-bound pectin contained monomeric RG-II domains but no detectable dimers. Thus pectins containing RG-II domains can be held in the wall other than via boron bridges. Re-addition of H3 BO3 to 3.3 μm triggered a gradual appearance of RG-II dimer over 24 h but without detectable loss of existing monomers, suggesting that only newly synthesised RG-II was amenable to boron bridging. In agreement with this, Rosa cultures whose polysaccharide biosynthetic machinery had been compromised (by carbon starvation, respiratory inhibitors, anaerobiosis, freezing or boiling) lost the ability to generate RG-II dimers. We conclude that RG-II normally becomes boron-bridged during synthesis or secretion but not post-secretion. Supporting this conclusion, exogenous [(3) H]RG-II was neither dimerised in the medium nor cross-linked to existing wall-associated RG-II domains when added to Rosa cultures. In conclusion, in cultured Rosa cells RG-II domains have a brief window of opportunity for boron-bridging intraprotoplasmically or during secretion, but secretion into the apoplast is a point of no return beyond which additional boron-bridging does not readily occur.
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8
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Chormova D, Messenger DJ, Fry SC. Rhamnogalacturonan-II cross-linking of plant pectins via boron bridges occurs during polysaccharide synthesis and/or secretion. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e28169. [PMID: 24603547 PMCID: PMC4091542 DOI: 10.4161/psb.28169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), a domain of plant cell wall pectins, is able to cross-link with other RG-II domains through borate diester bridges. Although it is known to affect mechanical properties of the cell wall, the biochemical requirements and lifecycle of this cross-linking remain unclear. We developed a PAGE methodology to allow separation of monomeric and dimeric RG-II and used this to study the dynamics of cross-linking in vitro and in vivo. Rosa cells grown in medium with no added boron contained no RG-II dimers, although these re-appeared after addition of boron to the medium. However, other Rosa cultures which were unable to synthesize new polysaccharides did not show dimer formation. We conclude that RG-II normally becomes cross-linked intraprotoplasmically or during secretion, but not post-secretion.
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9
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Huang JH, Bakx EJ, Gruppen H, Schols HA. Characterisation of 3-aminoquinoline-derivatised isomeric oligogalacturonic acid by travelling-wave ion mobility mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2279-85. [PMID: 24019194 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mass spectrometry has become a useful technique for elucidating the chemical structures of oligosaccharides. The combined use of chromatography and mass spectrometry for the separation and identification of oligosaccharides has shown much progress in recent years. However, no powerful method has yet been developed to quickly identify isomeric oligosaccharides in complex mixtures. METHODS A rapid travelling-wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIMS-MS) method was developed for the identification of various isomeric oligogalacturonic acids in mixtures and determined their structures, using 3-aminoquinoline (3-AQ) as a labelling agent. RESULTS TWIMS successfully distinguished isomeric oligogalacturonic acids of various degrees of polymerisation (DPs) and levels of methyl-esterification. After derivatisation by 3-AQ, isomeric oligosaccharides of galacturonic acid, with the DP ranging from 2 to 9 and the number of methyl esters ranging from 1 to 5, were identified by 3-AQ-TWIMS-MS. The isomeric oligosaccharides with varying sites of methyl ester substitution were identified by the post-fragmentation mode of TWIMS using 3-AQ labelling to obtain simplified mass spectra. CONCLUSIONS Using the 3-AQ-TWIMS-MS method, the precise distribution of methyl esters within the pectin molecule and isomeric oligogalacturonic acids after enzyme degradation was determined. Simplified product ion mass spectra and precise analysis of the isomers were achieved by labelling 3-AQ at the reducing end of the oligosaccharides. Series of methyl-esterified galacturonic acid oligomers have predictable drift times, depending on the precise position of the methyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hong Huang
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Zha XQ, Pan LH, Luo JP, Wang JH, Wei P, Bansal V. Enzymatic fingerprints of polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale and their application in identification of Dendrobium species. J Nat Med 2012; 66:525-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for the period 2005-2006. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1-100. [PMID: 20222147 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on industrial processes, particularly the development of biopharmaceuticals and a section on the use of MALDI-MS to monitor products of chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Large carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers are highlighted in this final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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12
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Abstract
Polysaccharide analysis using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) relies on derivatization of the reducing ends of sugars with a fluorophore, followed by electrophoresis under optimized conditions in polyacrylamide gels. PACE is a sensitive and simple tool for studying polysaccharide structure or quantity and also has applications in the investigation of enzyme specificity.
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13
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Bharadwaj R, Chen Z, Datta S, Holmes BM, Sapra R, Simmons BA, Adams PD, Singh AK. Microfluidic Glycosyl Hydrolase Screening for Biomass-to-Biofuel Conversion. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9513-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102243f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Bharadwaj
- Technology and Deconstruction Divisions, The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Technology and Deconstruction Divisions, The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Supratim Datta
- Technology and Deconstruction Divisions, The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bradley M. Holmes
- Technology and Deconstruction Divisions, The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rajat Sapra
- Technology and Deconstruction Divisions, The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- Technology and Deconstruction Divisions, The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Paul D. Adams
- Technology and Deconstruction Divisions, The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anup K. Singh
- Technology and Deconstruction Divisions, The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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14
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Curvers K, Seifi H, Mouille G, de Rycke R, Asselbergh B, Van Hecke A, Vanderschaeghe D, Höfte H, Callewaert N, Van Breusegem F, Höfte M. Abscisic acid deficiency causes changes in cuticle permeability and pectin composition that influence tomato resistance to Botrytis cinerea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:847-60. [PMID: 20709830 PMCID: PMC2949027 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.158972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A mutant of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with reduced abscisic acid (ABA) production (sitiens) exhibits increased resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. This resistance is correlated with a rapid and strong hydrogen peroxide-driven cell wall fortification response in epidermis cells that is absent in tomato with normal ABA production. Moreover, basal expression of defense genes is higher in the mutant compared with the wild-type tomato. Given the importance of this fast response in sitiens resistance, we investigated cell wall and cuticle properties of the mutant at the chemical, histological, and ultrastructural levels. We demonstrate that ABA deficiency in the mutant leads to increased cuticle permeability, which is positively correlated with disease resistance. Furthermore, perturbation of ABA levels affects pectin composition. sitiens plants have a relatively higher degree of pectin methylesterification and release different oligosaccharides upon inoculation with B. cinerea. These results show that endogenous plant ABA levels affect the composition of the tomato cuticle and cell wall and demonstrate the importance of cuticle and cell wall chemistry in shaping the outcome of this plant-fungus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology (K.C., H.S., B.A., M.H.) and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics (K.C., R.d.R., F.V.B.), Ghent University, B–9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology (K.C., R.d.R., F.V.B.) and Department for Molecular Biomedical Research (A.V.H., D.V., N.C.), VIB, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium; Plate-forme de Chimie du Végétal, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (G.M., H.H.); Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, B–2660 Wilrijk, Belgium (B.A.)
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15
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Towards glycoengineering in archaea: replacement of Haloferax volcanii AglD with homologous glycosyltransferases from other halophilic archaea. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:5684-92. [PMID: 20601508 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00681-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Like eukarya and bacteria, archaea also perform N-glycosylation. However, the N-linked glycans of archaeal glycoproteins present a variety not seen elsewhere. Archaea accordingly rely on N-glycosylation pathways likely involving a broad range of species-specific enzymes. To harness the enormous applied potential of such diversity for the generation of glycoproteins bearing tailored N-linked glycans, the development of an appropriate archaeal glycoengineering platform is required. With a sequenced genome, a relatively well-defined N-glycosylation pathway, and molecular tools for gene manipulation, the haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii (Hfx. volcanii) represents a promising candidate. Accordingly, cells lacking AglD, a glycosyltransferase involved in adding the final hexose of a pentasaccharide N-linked to the surface (S)-layer glycoprotein, were transformed to express AglD homologues from other haloarchaea. The introduction of nonnative versions of AglD led to the appearance of an S-layer glycoprotein similar to the protein from the native strain. Indeed, mass spectrometry confirmed that AglD and its homologues introduce the final hexose to the N-linked S-layer glycoprotein pentasaccharide. Heterologously expressed haloarchaeal AglD homologues contributed to N-glycosylation in Hfx. volcanii despite an apparent lack of AglD function in those haloarchaea from where the introduced homologues came. For example, although functional in Hfx. volcanii, no transcription of the Halobacterium salinarum aglD homologue, OE1482, was detected in cells of the native host grown under various conditions. Thus, at least one AglD homologue works more readily in Hfx. volcanii than in the native host. These results warrant the continued assessment of Hfx. volcanii as a glycosylation "workshop."
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Williams MAK, Cucheval A, Nasseri AT, Ralet MC. Extracting Intramolecular Sequence Information from Intermolecular Distributions: Highly Nonrandom Methylester Substitution Patterns in Homogalacturonans Generated by Pectinmethylesterase. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1667-75. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1003527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. K. Williams
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, MacDiarmid Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, New Zealand, and UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France
| | - Aurelie Cucheval
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, MacDiarmid Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, New Zealand, and UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France
| | - Abrisham Tanhatan Nasseri
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, MacDiarmid Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, New Zealand, and UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Christine Ralet
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, MacDiarmid Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, New Zealand, and UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France
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Guan J, Li S. Discrimination of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicines using saccharide mapping—Enzymatic digestion followed by chromatographic analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:590-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Williams MAK, Cucheval A, Ström A, Ralet MC. Electrophoretic Behavior of Copolymeric Galacturonans Including Comments on the Information Content of the Intermolecular Charge Distribution. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1523-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900119u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. K. Williams
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, MacDiarmid Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, New Zealand, Fonterra Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand, Unilever R&D Colworth, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, Bedford, United Kingdom, and UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Cucheval
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, MacDiarmid Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, New Zealand, Fonterra Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand, Unilever R&D Colworth, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, Bedford, United Kingdom, and UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France
| | - Anna Ström
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, MacDiarmid Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, New Zealand, Fonterra Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand, Unilever R&D Colworth, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, Bedford, United Kingdom, and UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Christine Ralet
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, MacDiarmid Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, New Zealand, Fonterra Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand, Unilever R&D Colworth, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, Bedford, United Kingdom, and UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France
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Larson ET, Reiter D, Young M, Lawrence CM. Structure of A197 from Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus: a crenarchaeal viral glycosyltransferase exhibiting the GT-A fold. J Virol 2006; 80:7636-44. [PMID: 16840342 PMCID: PMC1563732 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00567-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus (STIV) was the first icosahedral virus characterized from an archaeal host. It infects Sulfolobus species that thrive in the acidic hot springs (pH 2.9 to 3.9 and 72 to 92 degrees C) of Yellowstone National Park. The overall capsid architecture and the structure of its major capsid protein are very similar to those of the bacteriophage PRD1 and eukaryotic viruses Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus 1 and adenovirus, suggesting a viral lineage that predates the three domains of life. The 17,663-base-pair, circular, double-stranded DNA genome contains 36 potential open reading frames, whose sequences generally show little similarity to other genes in the sequence databases. However, functional and evolutionary information may be suggested by a protein's three-dimensional structure. To this end, we have undertaken structural studies of the STIV proteome. Here we report our work on A197, the product of an STIV open reading frame. The structure of A197 reveals a GT-A fold that is common to many members of the glycosyltransferase superfamily. A197 possesses a canonical DXD motif and a putative catalytic base that are hallmarks of this family of enzymes, strongly suggesting a glycosyltransferase activity for A197. Potential roles for the putative glycosyltransferase activity of A197 and their evolutionary implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Larson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
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