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Khorami-Sarvestani S, Hanash SM, Fahrmann JF, León-Letelier RA, Katayama H. Glycosylation in cancer as a source of biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024:1-21. [PMID: 39376081 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2409224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycosylation, the process of glycan synthesis and attachment to target molecules, is a crucial and common post-translational modification (PTM) in mammalian cells. It affects the protein's hydrophilicity, charge, solubility, structure, localization, function, and protection from proteolysis. Aberrant glycosylation in proteins can reveal new detection and therapeutic Glyco-biomarkers, which help to improve accurate early diagnosis and personalized treatment. This review underscores the pivotal role of glycans and glycoproteins as a source of biomarkers in human diseases, particularly cancer. AREAS COVERED This review delves into the implications of glycosylation, shedding light on its intricate roles in cancer-related cellular processes influencing biomarkers. It is underpinned by a thorough examination of literature up to June 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar; concentrating on the terms: (Glycosylation[Title/Abstract]) OR (Glycan[Title/Abstract]) OR (glycoproteomics[Title/Abstract]) OR (Proteoglycans[Title/Abstract]) OR (Glycomarkers[Title/Abstract]) AND (Cancer[Title/Abstract]) AND ((Diagno*[Title/Abstract]) OR (Progno*[Title/Abstract])). EXPERT OPINION Glyco-biomarkers enhance early cancer detection, allow early intervention, and improve patient prognoses. However, the abundance and complex dynamic glycan structure may make their scientific and clinical application difficult. This exploration of glycosylation signatures in cancer biomarkers can provide a detailed view of cancer etiology and instill hope in the potential of glycosylation to revolutionize cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khorami-Sarvestani
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Johannes F Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ricardo A León-Letelier
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Armero L, Plou J, Valera PS, Serna S, García I, Liz-Marzán LM. Multiplex Determination of Glycan Profiles on Urinary Prostate-Specific Antigen by Quartz-Crystal Microbalance Combined with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS Sens 2024; 9:4811-4821. [PMID: 39213515 PMCID: PMC11443522 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a major health concern, with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) being a key biomarker for its detection and monitoring. However, PSA levels often fall into a "gray zone", where PSA levels are not clearly indicative of cancer, thus complicating early diagnosis and treatment decisions. Glycosylation profiles, which often differ between healthy and diseased cells, have emerged as potential biomarkers to enhance the specificity and sensitivity of cancer diagnosis in these ambiguous cases. We propose the integration of two complementary techniques, namely quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to study PSA glycan profiles. QCM-D offers real-time operation, PSA mass quantification, and label-free detection with high sensitivity, as well as enhanced specificity and reduced cross-reactivity when using nucleic acid aptamers as capture ligands. Complementary SERS sensing enables the determination of the glycosylation pattern on PSA, at low concentrations and without the drawbacks of photobleaching, thereby facilitating multiplexed glycosylation pattern analysis. This integrated setup could retrieve a data set comprising analyte concentrations and associated glycan profiles in relevant biological samples, which may eventually improve early disease detection and monitoring. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a glycoprotein secreted by prostate epithelial cells, serves as our proof-of-concept analyte. Our platform allows multiplex targeting of PSA multiplex glycosylation profiles of PSA at "gray zone" concentrations for prostate cancer diagnosis. We additionally show the use of SERS for glycan analysis in PSA secreted from prostate cancer cell lines after androgen-based treatment. Differences in PSA glycan profiles from resistant cell lines after androgen-based treatment may eventually improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Armero
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, University of the
Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Javier Plou
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- CIC
nanoGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Pablo S. Valera
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, University of the
Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Sonia Serna
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Isabel García
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
- Cinbio, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
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Halldórsson S, Hillringhaus L, Hojer C, Muranyi A, Schraeml M, Lange MSD, Tabarés G. Development of a first-in-class antibody and a specific assay for α-1,6-fucosylated prostate-specific antigen. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16512. [PMID: 39020051 PMCID: PMC11254934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are widely used to screen for prostate cancer, yet the test has poor sensitivity, specificity and predictive value, which leads to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Alterations in the glycosylation status of PSA, including fucosylation, may offer scope for an improved biomarker. We sought to generate a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting α-1,6-fucosylated PSA (fuc-PSA) and to develop a tissue-based immunological assay for fuc-PSA detection. Immunogens representing fuc-PSA were used for immunisation and resultant mAbs were extensively characterised. The mAbs reacted specifically with fuc-PSA-specific glycopeptide, but not with aglycosylated PSA or glycan without the PSA peptide. Reactivity was confirmed using high-throughput surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. X-ray crystallography investigations showed that the mAbs bound to an α-helical form of the peptide, whereas the native PSA epitope is linear. Protein unfolding was required for detection of fuc-PSA in patient samples. Peptide inhibition of fuc-PSA mAbs was observed with positive screening reagents, and target epitope specificity was observed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. This research introduces a well-characterised, first-in-class antibody targeting fuc-PSA and presents the first crystal structure of an antibody demonstrating glycosylation-specific binding to a peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinar Halldórsson
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Abstract
Tweetable abstract Bottom-up glycoproteomics combined with top-down strategy allows direct analysis of glycoform-mapped glycosylation and its glycans by high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Olejnik B, Ferens-Sieczkowska M. Seminal Plasma Glycoproteins as Potential Ligands of Lectins Engaged in Immunity Regulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10489. [PMID: 36078205 PMCID: PMC9518496 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution, chronic stress, and unhealthy lifestyle are factors that negatively affect reproductive potential. Currently, 15-20% of couples in industrialized countries face the problem of infertility. This growing health and social problem prompts researchers to explore the regulatory mechanisms that may be important for successful fertilization. In recent years, more attention has been paid to male infertility factors, including the impact of seminal plasma components on regulation of the female immune response to allogenic sperm, embryo and fetal antigens. Directing this response to the tolerogenic pathway is crucial to achieve a healthy pregnancy. According to the fetoembryonic defense hypothesis, the regulatory mechanism may be associated with the interaction of lectins and immunomodulatory glycoepitopes. Such interactions may involve lectins of dendritic cells and macrophages, recruited to the cervical region immediately after intercourse. Carbohydrate binding receptors include C type lectins, such as DC-SIGN and MGL, as well as galectins and siglecs among others. In this article we discuss the expression of the possible lectin ligands, highly fucosylated and high mannose structures, which may be recognized by DC-SIGN, glycans of varying degrees of sialylation, which may differ in their interaction with siglecs, as well as T and Tn antigens in O-glycans.
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Lectins applied to diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer and benign hyperplasia: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:543-553. [PMID: 34508719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors, as well as genetic factors, contribute to the increase in prostate cancer cases (PCa), the second leading cause of cancer death in men. This fact calls for the development of more reliable, quick and low-cost early detection tests to distinguish between malignant and benign cases. Abnormal cell glycosylation pattern is a promising PCa marker for this purpose. Proteins, such as lectins can decode the information contained in the glycosylation patterns. Several studies have reported on applications of plant lectins as diagnostic tools for PCa considering the ability to differentiate it from benign cases. In addition, they can be used to detect, separate and differentiate the glycosylation patterns of cells or proteins present in serum, urine and semen. Herein, we present an overview of these studies, showing the lectins that map glycans differentially expressed in PCa, as well as benign hyperplasia (BPH). We further review their applications in biosensors, histochemical tests, immunoassays, chromatography, arrays and, finally, their therapeutic potential. This is the first study to review vegetable lectins applied specifically to PCa.
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7
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Khairol Mokhtar NHI, Hussin A, Hamid AA, Zainal Ariffin SH, Shahidan MA. Systematic Optimisation of Microtiter Plate Lectin Assay to Improve Sialic Acid Linkage Detection. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1507-1517. [PMID: 34342257 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210802122538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to develop a high-throughput lectin assay with minimized background signals to investigate the interactions of lectins and sialic acid glycans, focusing on prostate-specific antigen (PSA). BACKGROUND High background signals resulting from nonspecific binding are a significant concern for microtiter plate-based enzyme-linked lectin sorbent assays (ELLSAs), as they can mask specific binding signals and cause false-positive results. METHODS In this study, we constructed an ELLSA based on different washing step parameters, including the number of washing cycles, NaCl and Tween-20 concentrations, and the type of blocking agent and evaluated the effects on both specific and nonspecific binding signals. Furthermore, we performed a PSA binding assay using the optimized ELLSA. RESULTS The optimal washing parameters based on the highest specific binding signal proposed four cycles of washing steps using a washing buffer containing a high salt concentration (0.5 M NaCl) and mild detergent (0.05% Tween-20). The utilization of the optimized washing parameters in this assay was shown to be sufficient to obtain the optimal binding signals without the use of any blocking agent. Binding assays performed using the optimized ELLSA revealed that the glycan of the PSA sample used in this study mainly consists of terminal α2,6-linked sialic acid, as strongly recognized by Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) with a KD value of 12.38 nM. CONCLUSION The ELLSA reported in this study provides a simple yet sensitive assay for sialic acid linkage recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hanina Izzati Khairol Mokhtar
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Ainulkhir Hussin
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Malaysia
| | - Aidil Abdul Hamid
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Shahidan
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor. Malaysia
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Song J, Ma S, Sokoll LJ, Eguez RV, Höti N, Zhang H, Mohr P, Dua R, Patil D, May KD, Williams S, Arnold R, Sanda MG, Chan DW, Zhang Z. A panel of selected serum protein biomarkers for the detection of aggressive prostate cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:6214-6224. [PMID: 33995654 PMCID: PMC8120218 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Current PSA-based tests used to detect prostate cancer (PCa) lack sufficient specificity, leading to significant overdetection and overtreatment. Our previous studies showed that serum fucosylated PSA (Fuc-PSA) and soluble TEK receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie-2) had the ability to predict aggressive (AG) PCa. Additional biomarkers are needed to address this significant clinical problem. Methods: A comprehensive Pubmed search followed by multiplex immunoassays identified candidate biomarkers associated with AG PCa. Subsequently, multiplex and lectin-based immunoassays were applied to a case-control set of sera from subjects with AG PCa, low risk PCa, and non-PCa (biopsy negative). These candidate biomarkers were further evaluated for their ability as panels to complement the prostate health index (phi) in detecting AG PCa. Results: When combined through logistic regression, two panel of biomarkers achieved the best performance: 1) phi, Fuc-PSA, SDC1, and GDF-15 for the detection of AG from low risk PCa and 2) phi, Fuc-PSA, SDC1, and Tie-2 for the detection of AG from low risk PCa and non-PCa, with noticeable improvements in ROC analysis over phi alone (AUCs: 0.942 vs 0.872, and 0.934 vs 0.898, respectively). At a fixed sensitivity of 95%, the panels improved specificity with statistical significance in detecting AG from low risk PCa (76.0% vs 56%, p=0.029), and from low risk PCa and non-PCa (78.2% vs 65.5%, p=0.010). Conclusions: Multivariate panels of serum biomarkers identified in this study demonstrated clinically meaningful improvement over the performance of phi, and warrant further clinical validation, which may contribute to the management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Song
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Shiyong Ma
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Lori J. Sokoll
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rodrigo V. Eguez
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Naseruddin Höti
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Phaedre Mohr
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Renu Dua
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Dattatraya Patil
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kristen Douglas May
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sierra Williams
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rebecca Arnold
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Martin G. Sanda
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Daniel W. Chan
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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9
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Kim JY, Joo WH, Shin DS, Lee YI, Teo CF, Lim JM. Metabolic labeling of glycans with isotopic glucose for quantitative glycomics in yeast. Anal Biochem 2021; 621:114152. [PMID: 33726981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Changes in glycan levels could directly affect the biochemical properties of glycoproteins and thus influence their physiological functions. In order to decode the correlation of glycan prevalence with their physiological contribution, many mass spectrometry (MS) and stable isotope labeling-based methods have been developed for the relative quantification of glycans. In this study, we expand the quantitative glycomic toolbox with the addition of optimized Metabolic Isotope Labeling of Polysaccharides with Isotopic Glucose (MILPIG) approach in baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). We demonstrate that culturing baker's yeast in the presence of carbon-13 labeled glucose (1-13C1) leads to effective incorporation of carbon-13 to both N-linked and O-linked glycans. We established that metabolic incorporation of isotope-labeled glucose at a concentration of 5 mg/mL for three days is required for an accurate quantitative analysis with optimal isotopic cluster distribution of glycans. To validate the robustness of the method, we performed the analysis by 1:1 mixing of normal and isotope-labeled glycans, and obtained excellent linear calibration curves from various analytes. Finally, we quantitated the inhibitory effect of tunicamycin, a N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, to glycan expression profile in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hong Joo
- Department of Biology, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Chin Fen Teo
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jae-Min Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Oswald DM, Jones MB, Cobb BA. Modulation of hepatocyte sialylation drives spontaneous fatty liver disease and inflammation. Glycobiology 2020; 30:346-359. [PMID: 31742330 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulatory protein glycosylation is a biomarker of multiple disease and inflammatory states and has been applied in the clinic for liver dysfunction, heart disease and diabetes. With the notable exception of antibodies, the liver produces most of the circulatory glycoproteins, including the acute phase proteins released as a function of the inflammatory response. Among these proteins is β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal1), an enzyme required for α2,6-linked sialylation of glycoproteins. Here, we describe a hepatocyte-specific conditional knockout of ST6Gal1 (H-cKO) using albumin promoter-driven Cre-lox recombination. We confirm the loss of circulatory glycoprotein α2,6 sialylation and note no obvious dysfunction or pathology in young H-cKO mice, yet these mice show robust changes in plasma glycoprotein fucosylation, branching and the abundance of bisecting GlcNAc and marked changes in a number of metabolic pathways. As H-cKO mice aged, they spontaneously developed fatty liver disease characterized by the buildup of fat droplets in the liver, inflammatory cytokine production and a shift in liver leukocyte phenotype away from anti-inflammatory Kupffer cells and towards proinflammatory M1 macrophages. These findings connect hepatocyte and circulatory glycoprotein sialylation to the regulation of metabolism and inflammation, potentially identifying the glycome as a new target for liver-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Oswald
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark B Jones
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brian A Cobb
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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11
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Separation based characterization methods for the N-glycosylation analysis of prostate-specific antigen. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113797. [PMID: 33288345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer has the highest malignancy rate diagnosed in men worldwide. Albeit, the gold standard serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assays reduced the mortality rate of the disease, the number of false positive diagnoses steeply increased. Therefore, there is an urgent need for complementary biomarkers to enhance the specificity and selectivity of current diagnostic methods. Information about PSA glycosylation can help to fulfill this gap as alterations of its carbohydrate moieties due to cancerous transformation may represent additional markers to distinguish malignant from benign tumors. However, development of suitable methods and instrumentations to investigate the N-glycosylation profile of PSA represents a challenge. In this paper, we critically review the current bioanalytical trends and strategies in the field of PSA glycobiomarker research focusing on separation based characterization methods.
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12
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Characterisation of the main PSA glycoforms in aggressive prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18974. [PMID: 33149259 PMCID: PMC7643140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) are commonly used for prostate cancer (PCa) detection. However, their lack of specificity to distinguish benign prostate pathologies from PCa, or indolent from aggressive PCa have prompted the study of new non-invasive PCa biomarkers. Aberrant glycosylation is involved in neoplastic progression and specific changes in PSA glycosylation pattern, as the reduction in the percentage of α2,6-sialic acid (SA) are associated with PCa aggressiveness. In this study, we have characterised the main sialylated PSA glycoforms from blood serum of aggressive PCa patients and have compared with those of standard PSA from healthy individuals’ seminal plasma. PSA was immunoprecipitated and α2,6-SA were separated from α2,3-SA glycoforms using SNA affinity chromatography. PSA N-glycans were released, labelled and analysed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography combined with exoglycosidase digestions. The results showed that blood serum PSA sialylated glycoforms containing GalNAc residues were largely increased in aggressive PCa patients, whereas the disialylated core fucosylated biantennary structures with α2,6-SA, which are the major PSA glycoforms in standard PSA from healthy individuals, were markedly reduced in aggressive PCa. The identification of these main PSA glycoforms altered in aggressive PCa opens the way to design specific strategies to target them, which will be useful to improve PCa risk stratification.
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13
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Takashima S, Kurogochi M, Osumi K, Sugawara SI, Mizuno M, Takada Y, Amano J, Matsuda A. Novel endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases from Tannerella species hydrolyze multibranched complex-type N-glycans with different specificities. Glycobiology 2020; 30:923-934. [PMID: 32337602 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases are enzymes that hydrolyze the N,N'-diacetylchitobiose unit of N-glycans. Many endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases also exhibit transglycosylation activity, which corresponds to the reverse of the hydrolysis reaction. Because of these activities, some of these enzymes have recently been used as powerful tools for glycan remodeling of glycoproteins. Although many endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases have been identified and characterized to date, there are few enzymes that exhibit hydrolysis activity toward multibranched (tetra-antennary or more) complex-type N-glycans on glycoproteins. Therefore, we searched for novel endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases that exhibit hydrolysis activity toward multibranched complex-type N-glycans in this study. From database searches, we selected three candidate enzymes from Tannerella species-Endo-Tsp1006, Endo-Tsp1263 and Endo-Tsp1457-and prepared them as recombinant proteins. We analyzed the hydrolysis activity of these enzymes toward N-glycans on glycoproteins and found that Endo-Tsp1006 and Endo-Tsp1263 exhibited hydrolysis activity toward complex-type N-glycans, including multibranched N-glycans, preferentially, whereas Endo-Tsp1457 exhibited hydrolysis activity toward high-mannose-type N-glycans exclusively. We further analyzed substrate specificities of Endo-Tsp1006 and Endo-Tsp1263 using 18 defined glycopeptides as substrates, each having a different N-glycan structure. We found that Endo-Tsp1006 preferred N-glycans with galactose or α2,6-linked sialic acid residues in their nonreducing ends as substrates, whereas Endo-Tsp1263 preferred N-glycans with N-acetylglucosamine residues in their nonreducing ends as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Takashima
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Masaki Kurogochi
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Kenji Osumi
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Sugawara
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mizuno
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takada
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Junko Amano
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Akio Matsuda
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan.,Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, 1-9-7 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
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14
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Hu Y, Pan J, Shah P, Ao M, Thomas SN, Liu Y, Chen L, Schnaubelt M, Clark DJ, Rodriguez H, Boja ES, Hiltke T, Kinsinger CR, Rodland KD, Li QK, Qian J, Zhang Z, Chan DW, Zhang H. Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Characterization of Human High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108276. [PMID: 33086064 PMCID: PMC7970828 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many gene products exhibit great structural heterogeneity because of an array of modifications. These modifications are not directly encoded in the genomic template but often affect the functionality of proteins. Protein glycosylation plays a vital role in proper protein functions. However, the analysis of glycoproteins has been challenging compared with other protein modifications, such as phosphorylation. Here, we perform an integrated proteomic and glycoproteomic analysis of 83 prospectively collected high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) and 23 non-tumor tissues. Integration of the expression data from global proteomics and glycoproteomics reveals tumor-specific glycosylation, uncovers different glycosylation associated with three tumor clusters, and identifies glycosylation enzymes that were correlated with the altered glycosylation. In addition to providing a valuable resource, these results provide insights into the potential roles of glycosylation in the pathogenesis of HGSC, with the possibility of distinguishing pathological outcomes of ovarian tumors from non-tumors, as well as classifying tumor clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jianbo Pan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Punit Shah
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Minghui Ao
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stefani N Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michael Schnaubelt
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - David J Clark
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher R Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karin D Rodland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Daniel W Chan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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15
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Li H, Patel V, DiMartino SE, Froehlich JW, Lee RS. An in-depth Comparison of the Pediatric and Adult Urinary N-glycomes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1767-1776. [PMID: 32737218 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed an in-depth characterization and comparison of the pediatric and adult urinary glycomes using a nanoLC-MS/MS based glycomics method, which included normal healthy pediatric (1-10 years, n = 21) and adult (21-50 years, n = 22) individuals. A total of 116 N-glycan compositions were identified, and 46 of them could be reproducibly quantified. We performed quantitative comparisons of the 46 glycan compositions between different age and sex groups. The results showed significant quantitative changes between the pediatric and adult cohorts. The pediatric urinary N-glycome was found to contain a higher level of high-mannose (HM), asialylated/afucosylated glycans (excluding HM), neutral fucosylated and agalactosylated glycans, and a lower level of trisialylated glycans compared with the adult. We further analyzed gender-associated glycan changes in the pediatric and adult group, respectively. In the pediatric group, there was almost no difference of glycan levels between males and females. In adult, the majority of glycans were more abundant in males than females, except the high-mannose and tetrasialylated glycans. These findings highlight the importance to consider age-matching and adult sex-matching for urinary glycan studies. The identified normal pediatric and adult urinary glycomes can serve as a baseline reference for comparisons to other disease states affected by glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Li
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viral Patel
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shannon E DiMartino
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John W Froehlich
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Richard S Lee
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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16
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Ideo H, Kondo J, Nomura T, Nonomura N, Inoue M, Amano J. Study of glycosylation of prostate-specific antigen secreted by cancer tissue-originated spheroids reveals new candidates for prostate cancer detection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2708. [PMID: 32066783 PMCID: PMC7026178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most frequently used biomarker for the screening of prostate cancer. Understanding the structure of cancer-specific glycans can help us improve PSA assay. In the present study, we analysed the glycans of PSA obtained from culture medium containing cancer tissue-originated spheroids (CTOS) which have similar characteristics as that of the parent tumour to explore the new candidates for cancer-related glycoforms of PSA. The glycan profile of PSA from CTOS was determined by comparing with PSA from normal seminal plasma and cancer cell lines (LNCaP and 22Rv1) using lectin chromatography and mass spectrometry. PSA from CTOS was mostly sialylated and the content of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin reactive glycan (LacdiNAc) was similar to that of PSA derived from seminal plasma and 22Rv1. Conversely, concanavalin A (Con A)-unbound PSA was definitely detected from the three cancer origins but was almost negligible in seminal PSA. Two novel types of PSA were elucidated in the Con A-unbound fraction: one is a high molecular weight PSA with highly branched N-glycans, and the other is a low molecular weight PSA without N-glycans. Furthermore, the existence of Lewis X antigen group on PSA was indicated. These PSAs will be candidates for new cancer-related markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ideo
- Laboratory of glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo, 173-0033, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Taisei Nomura
- Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Junko Amano
- Laboratory of glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo, 173-0033, Japan.
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17
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Li Z, Kitov PI, Kitova EN, Mozenah F, Rodrigues E, Chapla DG, Moremen KW, Macauley MS, Klassen JS. CUPRA-ZYME: An Assay for Measuring Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme Activities, Pathways, and Substrate Specificities. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3228-3236. [PMID: 31961140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes) are involved in the synthesis, degradation, and modification of carbohydrates. They play critical roles in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, have important industrial and biotechnological applications, are important drug targets, and represent promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of a variety of diseases. Measurements of their activities, catalytic pathway, and substrate specificities are essential to a comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of CAZymes and exploiting these enzymes for industrial and biomedical applications. For glycosyl hydrolases a variety of sensitive and quantitative spectrophotometric techniques are available. However, measuring the activity of glycosyltransferases is considerably more challenging. Here, we introduce CUPRA-ZYME, a versatile and quantitative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) assay for measuring the kinetic parameters of CAZymes, monitoring reaction pathways, and profiling substrate specificities. The method employs the recently developed competitive universal proxy receptor assay (CUPRA), implemented in a time-resolved manner. Measurements of the hydrolysis kinetics of CUPRA substrates containing ganglioside oligosaccharides by the glycosyl hydrolase human neuraminidase 3 served to validate the reliability of kinetic parameters measured by CUPRA-ZYME and highlight its use in establishing catalytic pathways. Applications to libraries of substrates demonstrate the potential of the assay for quantitative profiling of the substrate specificities glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. Finally, we show how the comparison of the reactivity of CUPRA substrates and glycan substrates present on glycoproteins, measured simultaneously, affords a unique opportunity to quantitatively study how the structure and protein environment of natural glycoconjugate substrates influences CAZyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Pavel I Kitov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Elena N Kitova
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Fahima Mozenah
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Emily Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Digantkumar G Chapla
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2G2.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2E1
| | - John S Klassen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2G2
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18
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Galectins in prostate and bladder cancer: tumorigenic roles and clinical opportunities. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 16:433-445. [PMID: 31015643 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced prostate and bladder cancer are two outstanding unmet medical needs for urological oncologists. The high prevalence of these tumours, lack of effective biomarkers and limited effective treatment options highlight the importance of basic research in these diseases. Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins that are frequently altered (upregulated or downregulated) in a wide range of tumours and have roles in different stages of tumour development and progression, including immune evasion. In particular, altered expression levels of different members of the galectin family have been reported in prostate and bladder cancers, which, together with the aberrant glycosylation patterns found in tumour cells and the constituent cell types of the tumour microenvironment, can result in malignant transformation and tumour progression. Understanding the roles of galectin family proteins in the development and progression of prostate and bladder cancer could yield key insights to inform the clinical management of these diseases.
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19
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Ząbczyńska M, Link-Lenczowski P, Novokmet M, Martin T, Turek-Jabrocka R, Trofimiuk-Müldner M, Pocheć E. Altered N-glycan profile of IgG-depleted serum proteins in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129464. [PMID: 31669586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of thyroid gland. Although HT is the most common cause of hypothyroidism, the pathogenesis of this disease is not fully understood. Glycosylation of serum proteins was examined in HT only to a limited extent. The study was designed to determine the glycosylation pattern of IgG-depleted sera from HT patients. METHODS Serum N-glycans released by N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) digestion were analyzed by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC). N-glycan structures in each collected HPLC fraction were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and exoglycosidase digestion. Fucosylation and sialylation was also analyzed by lectin blotting. RESULTS The results showed an increase of monosialylated tri-antennary structure (A3G3S1) and disialylated diantennary N-glycan with antennary fucose (FA2G2S2). Subsequently, we analyzed the serum N-glycan profile by lectin blotting using lectins specific for fucose and sialic acid. We found a significant decrease of Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) staining in HT samples, which resulted from the reduction of α1,6-linked core fucose in HT serum. We also observed an increase of Maackia amurensis II lectin (MAL-II) reaction in HT due to the elevated level of α2,3-sialylation in HT sera. CONCLUSIONS The detected alterations of serum protein sialylation might be caused by chronic inflammation in HT. The obtained results complete our previous IgG N-glycosylation analysis in autoimmune thyroid patients and show that the altered N-glycosylation of serum proteins is characteristic for autoimmunity process in HT. General Significance Thyroid autoimmunity is accompanied by changes of serum protein sialylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ząbczyńska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Michałowskiego 12, 31-126 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Mislav Novokmet
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tiphaine Martin
- Tisch Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, NY, USA.
| | - Renata Turek-Jabrocka
- Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Hospital, Kopernika 17, 31-501 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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20
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Lang R, Rolny V, Leinenbach A, Karl J, Swiatek-de Lange M, Kobold U, Schrader M, Krause H, Mueller M, Vogeser M. Investigation on core-fucosylated prostate-specific antigen as a refined biomarker for differentiation of benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer of different aggressiveness. Tumour Biol 2019; 41:1010428319827223. [PMID: 30907281 DOI: 10.1177/1010428319827223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer represents a major cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Novel non-invasive methods are still required for differentiation of non-aggressive from aggressive tumors. Recently, changes in prostate-specific antigen glycosylation pattern, such as core-fucosylation, have been described in prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the core-fucosylation determinant of serum prostate-specific antigen may serve as refined marker for differentiation between benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer or identification of aggressive prostate cancer. A previously developed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry-based strategy was used for multiplex analysis of core-fucosylated prostate-specific antigen (fuc-PSA) and total prostate-specific antigen levels in sera from 50 benign prostate hyperplasia and 100 prostate cancer patients of different aggressiveness (Gleason scores, 5-10) covering the critical gray area (2-10 ng/mL). For identification of aggressive prostate cancer, the ratio of fuc-PSA to total prostate-specific antigen (%-fuc-PSA) yielded a 5%-8% increase in the area under the curve (0.60) compared to the currently used total prostate-specific antigen (area under the curve = 0.52) and %-free prostate-specific antigen (area under the curve = 0.55) tests. However, our data showed that aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score > 6) and non-aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score ≤ 6) could not significantly (p-value = 0.08) be differentiated by usage of %-fuc-PSA. In addition, both non-standardized fuc-PSA and standardized %-fuc-PSA had no diagnostic value for differentiation of benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer. The %-fuc-PSA serum levels could not improve the differentiation of non-aggressive and aggressive prostate cancer compared to conventional diagnostic prostate cancer markers. Still, it is unclear whether these limitations come from the biomarker, the used patient cohort, or the imprecision of the applied method itself. Therefore, %-fuc-PSA should be further investigated, especially by more precise methods whether it could be clinically used in prostate cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Uwe Kobold
- 1 Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Hans Krause
- 3 Urologische Klinik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Mueller
- 4 Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein gGmbH, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Vogeser
- 5 Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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21
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Díaz-Fernández A, Miranda-Castro R, de-Los-Santos-Álvarez N, Rodríguez EF, Lobo-Castañón MJ. Focusing aptamer selection on the glycan structure of prostate-specific antigen: Toward more specific detection of prostate cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 128:83-90. [PMID: 30640124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of chemical sensors capable of detecting the specific glycosylation patterns of proteins offers a powerful mean for the early detection of cancer. Unfortunately, this strategy is scarcely explored because receptors recognizing the glycans linked to proteins are challenging to discover. In this work, we describe a simple method for directing the selection of aptamers toward the glycan structure of the glycoproteins, with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a model target. Using this strategy, we identified one aptamer (PSA-1) that binds the glycan moiety of PSA with reasonable affinity (a dissociation constant of 177 ± 65 nM). Interestingly, an electrochemical sensor with a sandwich format employing the identified aptamer as a signaling receptor, provides a tool of discriminating human PSA from the unglycosylated protein, with a limit of detection of 0.66 ng/mL. The sensor responds to different levels of PSA in serum, correlating well with chemiluminescence ELISA used in hospitals even with higher potential to discriminate clinically meaningful prostate cancer. Although validation on a larger cohort is needed, this is the first demonstration of an aptamer-based sensor to detect PSA by focusing in its glycan moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Díaz-Fernández
- Dpto. Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Miranda-Castro
- Dpto. Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Noemí de-Los-Santos-Álvarez
- Dpto. Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - María Jesús Lobo-Castañón
- Dpto. Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
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22
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Liu M, Yu H, Zhang D, Han Q, Yang X, Liu X, Wang J, Zhang K, Yang F, Cai G, Chen X, Zhu H. Alteration of glycosylation in serum proteins: a new potential indicator to distinguish non-diabetic renal diseases from diabetic nephropathy. RSC Adv 2018; 8:38872-38882. [PMID: 35558281 PMCID: PMC9090655 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06832a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and nondiabetic renal disease (NDRD) are two major categories of renal diseases in diabetes mellitus patients. The clinical differentiation among them is usually not so clear and effective. In this study, sera from DN and NDRD patients were collected, and glycan profiles of serum proteins from DN and NDRD patients were investigated and compared by using lectin microarray and lectin blot. Then, altered glycoproteins were enriched by lectin coupled magnetic particle conjugate and characterized by LC-MS/MS. We found significant change in glycan patterns between DN and NDRD patients. In particular, the relative abundance of the glycopattern of Galβ1-3GalNAc which was identified by BPL (Bauhinia purpurea lectin) was significantly decreased in DN patients compared to four types of NDRD patients (p < 0.05). Moreover, BPL blotting indicated that the proteins with a molecular weight of about 53 kDa exhibited low staining signal in DN compared to all NDRD groups, which was consistent with results of lectin microarrays. After enriching by BPL and identification by LC-MS/MS, a total of 235 and 258 proteins were characterized from NDRD and DN respectively. Among these, the relative abundance of 12 isolated serum proteins exhibited significantly alteration between DN and NDRD (p < 0.05). Our findings indicated not only the relative abundance of Galβ1-3GalNAc on serum proteins but also certain glycoproteins modified with this glycopattern showed a difference between DN and NDRD patients. This suggested that the analysis of this alteration by using urine specimens may constitute an additional valuable diagnostic tool for differentiating DN and NDRD with a non-invasive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District Beijing 100853 China .,Second Department of Cadre Ward, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region Jinan 250000 China
| | - Hanjie Yu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District Beijing 100853 China
| | - Qiuxia Han
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University 1 East Jianshe Road Zhengzhou 450052 China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District Beijing 100853 China
| | - Xiawei Liu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District Beijing 100853 China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District Beijing 100853 China
| | - Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District Beijing 100853 China
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23
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Guo S, Briza P, Magdolen V, Brandstetter H, Goettig P. Activation and activity of glycosylated KLKs 3, 4 and 11. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1009-1022. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Human kallikrein-related peptidases 3, 4, 11, and KLK2, the activator of KLK3/PSA, belong to the prostatic group of the KLKs, whose major physiological function is semen liquefaction during the fertilization process. Notably, these KLKs are upregulated in prostate cancer and are used as clinical biomarkers or have been proposed as therapeutic targets. However, this potential awaits a detailed characterization of these proteases. In order to study glycosylated prostatic KLKs resembling the natural proteases, we used Leishmania (LEXSY) and HEK293 cells for secretory expression. Both systems allowed the subsequent purification of soluble pro-KLK zymogens with correct propeptides and of the mature forms. Periodic acid-Schiff reaction, enzymatic deglycosylation assays, and mass spectrometry confirmed the glycosylation of these KLKs. Activation of glycosylated pro-KLKs 4 and 11 turned out to be most efficient by glycosylated KLK2 and KLK4, respectively. By comparing the glycosylated prostatic KLKs with their non-glycosylated counterparts from Escherichia coli, it was observed that the N-glycans stabilize the KLK proteases and change their activation profiles and their enzymatic activity to some extent. The functional role of glycosylation in prostate-specific KLKs could pave the way to a deeper understanding of their biology and to medical applications.
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24
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Kawahara R, Ortega F, Rosa-Fernandes L, Guimarães V, Quina D, Nahas W, Schwämmle V, Srougi M, Leite KRM, Thaysen-Andersen M, Larsen MR, Palmisano G. Distinct urinary glycoprotein signatures in prostate cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33077-33097. [PMID: 30237853 PMCID: PMC6145689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel biomarkers are needed to complement prostate specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostic screening programs. Glycoproteins represent a hitherto largely untapped resource with a great potential as specific and sensitive tumor biomarkers due to their abundance in bodily fluids and their dynamic and cancer-associated glycosylation. However, quantitative glycoproteomics strategies to detect potential glycoprotein cancer markers from complex biospecimen are only just emerging. Here, we describe a glycoproteomics strategy for deep quantitative mapping of N- and O-glycoproteins in urine with a view to investigate the diagnostic value of the glycoproteome to discriminate PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), two conditions that remain difficult to clinically stratify. Total protein extracts were obtained, concentrated and digested from urine of six PCa patients (Gleason score 7) and six BPH patients. The resulting peptide mixtures were TMT-labeled and mixed prior to a multi-faceted sample processing including hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and titanium dioxide SPE based enrichment, endo-/exoglycosidase treatment and HILIC-HPLC pre-fractionation. The isolated N- and O-glycopeptides were detected and quantified using high resolution mass spectrometry. We accurately quantified 729 N-glycoproteins spanning 1,310 unique N-glycosylation sites and observed 954 and 965 unique intact N- and O-glycopeptides, respectively, across the two disease conditions. Importantly, a panel of 56 intact N-glycopeptides perfectly discriminated PCa and BPH (ROC: AUC = 1). This study has generated a panel of intact glycopeptides that has a potential for PCa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Kawahara
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Ortega
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica da Disciplina de Urologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, LIM55, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Guimarães
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica da Disciplina de Urologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, LIM55, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Quina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Nahas
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veit Schwämmle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Miguel Srougi
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica da Disciplina de Urologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, LIM55, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia R M Leite
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica da Disciplina de Urologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, LIM55, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Llop E, Guerrero PE, Duran A, Barrabés S, Massaguer A, Ferri MJ, Albiol-Quer M, de Llorens R, Peracaula R. Glycoprotein biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2537-2554. [PMID: 29962812 PMCID: PMC6021768 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i24.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaC) shows a clear tendency to increase in the next years and therefore represents an important health and social challenge. Currently, there is an important need to find biomarkers for PaC early detection because the existing ones are not useful for that purpose. Recent studies have indicated that there is a large window of time for PaC early detection, which opens the possibility to find early biomarkers that could greatly improve the dismal prognosis of this tumor. The present manuscript reviews the state of the art of the existing PaC biomarkers. It focuses on the anomalous glycosylation process and its role in PaC. Glycan structures of glycoconjugates such as glycoproteins are modified in tumors and these modifications can be detected in biological fluids of the cancer patients. Several studies have found serum glycoproteins with altered glycan chains in PaC patients, but they have not shown enough specificity for PaC. To find more specific cancer glycoproteins we propose to analyze the glycan moieties of a battery of glycoproteins that have been reported to increase in PaC tissues and that can also be found in serum. The combination of these new candidate glycoproteins with their aberrant glycosylation together with the existing biomarkers could result in a panel, which would expect to give better results as a new tool for early diagnosis of PaC and to monitor the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Llop
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Pedro E Guerrero
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Adrià Duran
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Sílvia Barrabés
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - María José Ferri
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
- Clinic Laboratory, University Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Maite Albiol-Quer
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-biliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Rafael de Llorens
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Rosa Peracaula
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
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26
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Hayes B, Murphy C, Crawley A, O'Kennedy R. Developments in Point-of-Care Diagnostic Technology for Cancer Detection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:diagnostics8020039. [PMID: 29865250 PMCID: PMC6023377 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the cause of death for one in seven individuals worldwide. It is widely acknowledged that screening and early diagnosis are of vital importance for improving the likelihood of recovery. However, given the costly, time-consuming, and invasive nature of the many methods currently in use, patients often do not take advantage of the services available to them. Consequently, many researchers are exploring the possibility of developing fast, reliable, and non-invasive diagnostic tools that can be used directly or by local physicians at the point-of-care. Herein, we look at the use of established biomarkers in cancer therapy and investigate emerging biomarkers exhibiting future potential. The incorporation of these biomarkers into point-of-care devices could potentially reduce the strain currently experienced by screening programs in hospitals and healthcare systems. Results derived from point-of-care tests should be accurate, sensitive, and generated rapidly to assist in the selection of the best course of treatment for optimal patient care. Essentially, point-of-care diagnostics should enhance the well-being of patients and lead to a reduction in cancer-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony Hayes
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK.
| | - Caroline Murphy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Glasnevin, Dublin D09 Y5N0, Ireland.
| | - Aoife Crawley
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Glasnevin, Dublin D09 Y5N0, Ireland.
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Glasnevin, Dublin D09 Y5N0, Ireland.
- Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Research Complex, P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar.
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27
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Distinguishing glycan isomers by voltammetry. Modification of 2,3-sialyllactose and 2,6-sialyllactose by osmium(VI) complexes. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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28
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Liau B, Tan B, Teo G, Zhang P, Choo A, Rudd PM. Shotgun Glycomics Identifies Tumor-Associated Glycan Ligands Bound by an Ovarian Carcinoma-Specific Monoclonal Antibody. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14489. [PMID: 29101385 PMCID: PMC5670200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers display distinctive carbohydrate molecules (glycans) on their surface proteins and lipids. mAb A4, an in-house generated monoclonal IgM antibody, is capable of distinguishing malignant ovarian carcinoma cells from benign ovarian epithelia by binding specifically to cancer cell-associated glycans. However, the structural details of the glycan targets of mAb A4 have been elusive. Here we developed a novel approach of isolating and fractionating glycan molecules released from glycoproteins in cancer cell lysates using HILIC-UPLC, and used them as probes on a microarray for affinity-based identification of the binding targets, allowing full-size, difficult to synthesize, cancer-associated glycans to be directly studied. As a result of this "shotgun" glycomics approach, we corroborate the previously assigned specificity of mAb A4 by showing that mAb A4 binds primarily to large (>15 glucose units), sialylated N-glycans containing the H-type 1 antigen (Fuc-α1,2-Gal-β1,3-GlcNAc). Although mAb A4 was also capable of directly binding to type 1 N-acetyl-lactosamine, this epitope was mostly shielded by sialylation and thus relatively inaccessible to binding. Knowledge of the structure of mAb A4 antigen will facilitate its clinical development as well as its use as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liau
- Analytics Department, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore.
| | - B Tan
- Analytics Department, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - G Teo
- Analytics Department, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - P Zhang
- Analytics Department, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - A Choo
- Analytics Department, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - P M Rudd
- Analytics Department, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
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29
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Snyder CM, Zhou X, Karty JA, Fonslow BR, Novotny MV, Jacobson SC. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for direct structural identification of serum N-glycans. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:127-139. [PMID: 28989033 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Through direct coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to mass spectrometry (MS) with a sheathless interface, we have identified 77 potential N-glycan structures derived from human serum. We confirmed the presence of N-glycans previously identified by indirect methods, e.g., electrophoretic mobility standards, obtained 31 new N-glycan structures not identified in our prior work, differentiated co-migrating structures, and determined specific linkages on isomers featuring sialic acids. Serum N-glycans were cleaved from proteins, neutralized via methylamidation, and labeled with the fluorescent tag 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, which renders the glycan fluorescent and provides a -3 charge for electrophoresis and negative-mode MS detection. The neutralization reaction also stabilizes the labile sialic acids. In addition to methylamidation, native charges from sialic acids were neutralized through reaction with 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium to amidate α2,6-linked sialic acids in the presence of ammonium chloride and form lactones with α2,3-linked sialic acids. This neutralization effectively labels each type of sialic acid with a unique mass to determine specific linkages on sialylated N-glycans. For both neutralization schemes, we compared the results from microchip electrophoresis and CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa M Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, United States
| | - Xiaomei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, United States
| | - Jonathan A Karty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, United States
| | | | - Milos V Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, United States
| | - Stephen C Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, United States.
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30
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Jia G, Dong Z, Sun C, Wen F, Wang H, Guo H, Gao X, Xu C, Xu C, Yang C, Sun Y. Alterations in expressed prostate secretion-urine PSA N-glycosylation discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76987-76999. [PMID: 29100363 PMCID: PMC5652757 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is widely used for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). However, its limited sensitivity has led to over-diagnosis and over-treatment of PCa. Glycosylation alteration is a common phenomenon in cancer development. Different PSA glycan subforms have been proposed as diagnostic markers to better differentiate PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, we purified PSA from expressed prostate secretions (EPS)-urine samples from 32 BPH and 30 PCa patients and provided detailed PSA glycan profiles in Chinese population. We found that most of the PSA glycans from EPS-urine were complex type biantennary glycans. We observed two major patterns in PSA glycan profiles. Overall there was no distinct separation of PSA glycan profiles between BPH and PCa patients. However, we detected a significant increase of glycan FA2 and FM5A2G2S1 in PCa when compared with BPH patients. Furthermore, we observed that the composition of FA2 glycan increased significantly in advanced PCa with Gleason score ≥8, which potentially could be translated to clinic as a marker for aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhen Jia
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 2000433, China
| | - Zhenyang Dong
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 2000433, China
| | - Chenxia Sun
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fuping Wen
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 2000433, China
| | - Huaizu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeted Therapy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 2000433, China
| | - Chuanliang Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 2000433, China
| | - Chuanliang Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 2000433, China
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Joint Center for Translational Research of Chronic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 2000433, China.,Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 2000433, China
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31
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Ferrer-Batallé M, Llop E, Ramírez M, Aleixandre RN, Saez M, Comet J, de Llorens R, Peracaula R. Comparative Study of Blood-Based Biomarkers, α2,3-Sialic Acid PSA and PHI, for High-Risk Prostate Cancer Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040845. [PMID: 28420168 PMCID: PMC5412429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is the most commonly used serum marker for prostate cancer (PCa), although it is not specific and sensitive enough to allow the differential diagnosis of the more aggressive tumors. For that, new diagnostic methods are being developed, such as PCA-3, PSA isoforms that have resulted in the 4K score or the Prostate Health Index (PHI), and PSA glycoforms. In the present study, we have compared the PHI with our recently developed PSA glycoform assay, based on the determination of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of serum PSA (% α2,3-SA), in a cohort of 79 patients, which include 50 PCa of different grades and 29 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients. The % α2,3-SA could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from the rest of patients better than the PHI (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.971 vs. 0.840), although the PHI correlated better with the Gleason score than the % α2,3-SA. The combination of both markers increased the AUC up to 0.985 resulting in 100% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity to differentiate high-risk PCa from the other low and intermediate-risk PCa and BPH patients. These results suggest that both serum markers complement each other and offer an improved diagnostic tool to identify high-risk PCa, which is an important requirement for guiding treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Ferrer-Batallé
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt (Girona), Spain.
| | - Esther Llop
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt (Girona), Spain.
| | - Manel Ramírez
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt (Girona), Spain.
- Catalan Health Institute, University Hospital of Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Núria Aleixandre
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt (Girona), Spain.
- Catalan Health Institute, University Hospital of Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain.
| | - Marc Saez
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josep Comet
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt (Girona), Spain.
- Catalan Health Institute, University Hospital of Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain.
| | - Rafael de Llorens
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
- Catalan Health Institute, University Hospital of Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Peracaula
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
- Catalan Health Institute, University Hospital of Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain.
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32
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Farina-Gomez N, Barrabes S, Gomez-Lopez JE, Gonzalez M, Puerta A, Navarro-Calderon D, Albers-Acosta E, Olivier C, Diez-Masa JC, Peracaula R, de Frutos M. Sample preparation of serum to allow capillary electrophoresis analysis of prostate specific antigen isoforms. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 134:220-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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33
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Improved cancer specificity in PSA assay using Aleuria aurantia lectin coated Eu-nanoparticles for detection. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Abstract
The core-fucosylated (CF) glycoproteins are widely distributed in mammalian tissues and regulated under pathological conditions, especially in cancer progression. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the core-fucosylated α-fetoprotein as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). An approach for identifying CF glycoproteins has significantly practical value. Here we introduce a novel method for identification of CF glycoproteome in human plasma. The method integrates tandem glycopeptide enrichment, stepped fragmentation, and "glycan diagnostic ion"-based spectrum refinement. With this method, the productivity of identifying CF glycopeptides will be significantly improved. We anticipate that this method could be widely utilized to explore the CF glycoproteins and their regulation under physiological or pathological condition.
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35
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Barrabés S, Farina-Gomez N, Llop E, Puerta A, Diez-Masa JC, Perry A, de Llorens R, de Frutos M, Peracaula R. Comparative analysis of prostate-specific antigen by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:408-416. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Barrabés
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science; University of Girona; Girona Spain
| | - Noemi Farina-Gomez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry; Spanish Research Council (IQOG-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Esther Llop
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science; University of Girona; Girona Spain
| | - Angel Puerta
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry; Spanish Research Council (IQOG-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Diez-Masa
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry; Spanish Research Council (IQOG-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Antoinette Perry
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Rafael de Llorens
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science; University of Girona; Girona Spain
| | - Mercedes de Frutos
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry; Spanish Research Council (IQOG-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Rosa Peracaula
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science; University of Girona; Girona Spain
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36
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Mitra I, Snyder CM, Zhou X, Campos MI, Alley WR, Novotny MV, Jacobson SC. Structural Characterization of Serum N-Glycans by Methylamidation, Fluorescent Labeling, and Analysis by Microchip Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8965-71. [PMID: 27504786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the structures of N-glycans derived from human serum, we report a strategy that combines microchip electrophoresis, standard addition, enzymatic digestion, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). We compared (i) electrophoretic mobilities of known N-glycans from well-characterized (standard) glycoproteins through standard addition, (ii) the electrophoretic mobilities of N-glycans with their molecular weights determined by MALDI-MS, and (iii) electrophoretic profiles of N-glycans enzymatically treated with fucosidase. The key step to identify the sialylated N-glycans was to quantitatively neutralize the negative charge on both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids by covalent derivatization with methylamine. Both neutralized and nonsialylated N-glycans from these samples were then reacted with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS) to provide a fluorescent label and a triple-negative charge, separated by microchip electrophoresis, and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The methylamidation step leads to a 24% increase in the peak capacity of the separation and direct correlation of electrophoretic and MALDI-MS results. In total, 37 unique N-glycan structures were assigned to 52 different peaks recorded in the electropherograms of the serum samples. This strategy ensures the needed separation efficiency and detectability, easily resolves linkage and positional glycan isomers, and is highly reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Christa M Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Xiaomei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Margit I Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - William R Alley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Milos V Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Stephen C Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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37
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Wen X, Liu A, Yu C, Wang L, Zhou M, Wang N, Fang M, Wang W, Lin H. Inhibiting post-translational core fucosylation prevents vascular calcification in the model of uremia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:69-79. [PMID: 27521658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality in uremia. Post-translational core fucosylation is implicated in a number of pathological processes. First, we investigated the role of core fucosylation and key TGF-β1 pathway receptors in calcified arteries in vivo. To determine whether blocking core fucosylation effectively inhibited VC and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, we established an in vitro model of phosphate-induced calcification in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to assess the role of core fucosylation in VC. Core fucose could be detected at markedly higher levels in calcified VSMCs than control cells. Fut8 (α-1,6 fucosyltransferase), the only enzyme responsible for core fucosylation in humans, was significantly upregulated by high phosphate. Exposed to high phosphate media and blocking core fucosylation in VSMCs by knocking down Fut8 using a siRNA markedly reduced calcium and phosphorus deposition and Cbfα1 expression (osteoblast-specific transcription factor), and increased α-Sma expression (smooth muscle cell marker). Fut8 siRNA significantly inhibited TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling activation in VSMCs cultured in high phosphate media. In conclusion, this study provides evidence to suggest core fucosylation plays a major role in the process of VC and appropriate blockade of core fucosylation may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for treating VC in end-stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wen
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Department of Nephrology, Liaoning Translational Medicine Center of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Anqi Liu
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Department of Nephrology, Liaoning Translational Medicine Center of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Liaoning Translational Medicine Center of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Liaoning Translational Medicine Center of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Liaoning Translational Medicine Center of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Liaoning Translational Medicine Center of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Liaoning Translational Medicine Center of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Liaoning Translational Medicine Center of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongli Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Liaoning Translational Medicine Center of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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38
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The promise of protein glycosylation for personalised medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1583-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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39
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Llop E, Ferrer-Batallé M, Barrabés S, Guerrero PE, Ramírez M, Saldova R, Rudd PM, Aleixandre RN, Comet J, de Llorens R, Peracaula R. Improvement of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis by Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1190-204. [PMID: 27279911 PMCID: PMC4893645 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New markers based on PSA isoforms have recently been developed to improve prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. However, novel approaches are still required to differentiate aggressive from non-aggressive PCa to improve decision making for patients. PSA glycoforms have been shown to be differentially expressed in PCa. In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. The objective of this study was to determine these specific glycan structures in serum PSA to analyze their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness. In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. The latter marker exhibited high performance in differentiating between aggressive and non-aggressive PCa and has the potential for translational application in the clinic.
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40
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Munkley J, Mills IG, Elliott DJ. The role of glycans in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2016; 13:324-33. [PMID: 27091662 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2016.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a unique and heterogeneous disease. Currently, a major unmet clinical need exists to develop biomarkers that enable indolent disease to be distinguished from aggressive disease. The prostate is an abundant secretor of glycoproteins of all types, and alterations in glycans are, therefore, attractive as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Despite progress over the past decade in profiling the genome and proteome, the prostate cancer glycoproteome remains relatively understudied. A wide range of alterations in the glycoproteins on prostate cancer cells can occur, including increased sialylation and fucosylation, increased O-β-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) conjugation, the emergence of cryptic and high-mannose N-glycans and alterations to proteoglycans. Glycosylation can alter protein function and has a key role in many important biological processes in cancer including cell adhesion, migration, interactions with the cell matrix, immune surveillance, cell signalling and cellular metabolism; altered glycosylation in prostate cancer might modify some, or all of these processes. In the past three years, powerful tools such as glycosylation-specific antibodies and glycosylation gene signatures have been developed, which enable detailed analyses of changes in glycosylation. Thus, emerging data on these often overlooked modifications have the potential to improve risk stratification and therapeutic strategies in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Forskningsparken, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital HE - Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Movember/Prostate Cancer UK Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - David J Elliott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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41
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Analysis of Urinary Prostate-Specific Antigen Glycoforms in Samples of Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:8915809. [PMID: 27065039 PMCID: PMC4811082 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8915809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycans of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer were found to be different from that in benign disease. It is difficult to analyze heterogeneous PSA glycoforms in each individual specimen because of low protein abundance and the limitation of detection sensitivity. We developed a method for prostate cancer diagnosis based on PSA glycoforms. Specific glycoforms were screened in each clinical sample based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with ion accumulation. To look for potential biomarkers, normalized abundance of each glycoform in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and in prostate cancer was evaluated. The PSA glycoform, Hex5HexNAc4NeuAc1dHex1, and monosialylated, sialylated, and unfucosylated glycoforms differed significantly between the prostate cancer and BPH samples. The detection sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (60%) for prostate cancer identification are higher than those of the serum PSA marker. As low as 100 amol PSA could be detected with the ion accumulation method which has not been reported before. The improved detection specificity can help reduce unnecessary examinations.
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42
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Jolly P, Damborsky P, Madaboosi N, Soares RRG, Chu V, Conde JP, Katrlik J, Estrela P. DNA aptamer-based sandwich microfluidic assays for dual quantification and multi-glycan profiling of cancer biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 79:313-9. [PMID: 26720920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two novel sandwich-based immunoassays for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis are reported, in which the primary antibody for capture is replaced by a DNA aptamer. The assays, which can be performed in parallel, were developed in a microfluidic device and tested for the detection of free Prostate Specific Antigen (fPSA). A secondary antibody (Aptamer-Antibody Assay) or a lectin (Aptamer-Lectin Assay) is used to quantify, by chemiluminescence, both the amount of fPSA and its glycosylation levels. The use of aptamers enables a more reliable, selective and controlled sensing of the analyte. The dual approach provides sensitive detection of fPSA along with selective fPSA glycoprofiling, which is of significant importance in the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa, as tumor progression is associated with changes in fPSA glycosylation. With these approaches, we can potentially detect 0.5 ng/mL of fPSA and 3 ng/mL of glycosylated fPSA using Sambucus nigra (SNA) lectin, both within the relevant clinical range. The approach can be applied to a wide range of biomarkers, thus providing a good alternative to standard antibody-based immunoassays with significant impact in medical diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Jolly
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
| | - Pavel Damborsky
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Center for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 84105, Slovakia.
| | - Narayanan Madaboosi
- INESC-MN - Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, R. Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ruben R G Soares
- INESC-MN - Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, R. Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Virginia Chu
- INESC-MN - Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, R. Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - João P Conde
- INESC-MN - Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, R. Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Jaroslav Katrlik
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Center for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 84105, Slovakia.
| | - Pedro Estrela
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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43
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Hamfjord J, Saldova R, Stöckmann H, Sandhu V, Bowitz Lothe IM, Buanes T, Lingjærde OC, Labori KJ, Rudd PM, Kure EH. Serum N-Glycome Characterization in Patients with Resectable Periampullary Adenocarcinoma. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:5144-56. [PMID: 26515733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Henning Stöckmann
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vandana Sandhu
- Department
of Environmental and Health Studies, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Telemark University College, 3800 Bo in Telemark, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Pauline M. Rudd
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elin H. Kure
- Department
of Environmental and Health Studies, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Telemark University College, 3800 Bo in Telemark, Norway
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44
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Idil N, Perçin I, Karakoç V, Yavuz H, Aksöz N, Denizli A. Concanavalin A immobilized magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) beads for prostate specific antigen binding. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 134:461-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Song E, Hu Y, Hussein A, Yu CY, Tang H, Mechref Y. Characterization of the Glycosylation Site of Human PSA Prompted by Missense Mutation using LC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2872-83. [PMID: 26022737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. It is a glycoprotein possessing a single glycosylation site at N69. During our previous study of PSA N69 glycosylation, additional glycopeptides were observed in the PSA sample that were not previously reported and did not match glycopeptides of impure glycoproteins existing in the sample. This extra glycosylation site of PSA is associated with a mutation in KLK3 genes. Among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLKs families, the rs61752561 in KLK3 genes is an unusual missense mutation resulting in the conversion of D102 to N in PSA amino acid sequence. Accordingly, a new N-linked glycosylation site is created with an N102MS motif. Here we report the first qualitative and quantitative glycoproteomic study of PSA N102 glycosylation site by LC-MS/MS. We successfully applied tandem MS to verify the amino acid sequence possessing N102 glycosylation site and associated glycoforms of PSA samples acquired from different suppliers. Among the three PSA samples, HexNAc2Hex5 was the predominant glycoform at N102, while HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc1 or HexNAc4Hex5Fuc1NeuAc2 was the primary glycoforms at N69. D102 is the first amino acid of "kallikrein loop", which is close to a zinc-binding site and catalytic triad. The different glycosylation of N102 relative to N69 might be influenced by the close vicinity of N102 to these functional sites and steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Hussein
- ∥Department of Biotechnology, Alexandria University, 163-Horreya Avenue, El-Shatby 21526, Alexandria, Egypt
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46
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Gbormittah FO, Bones J, Hincapie M, Tousi F, Hancock WS, Iliopoulos O. Clusterin glycopeptide variant characterization reveals significant site-specific glycan changes in the plasma of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2425-36. [PMID: 25855029 DOI: 10.1021/pr501104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-related alterations in protein glycosylation may serve as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers or may be used for monitoring disease progression. Clusterin is a medium abundance, yet heavily glycosylated, glycoprotein that is upregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumors. We recently reported that the N-glycan profile of clusterin is altered in the plasma of ccRCC patients. Here, we characterized the occupancy and the degree of heterogeneity of individual N-glycosylation sites of clusterin in the plasma of patients diagnosed with localized ccRCC, before and after curative nephrectomy (n = 40). To this end, we used tandem mass spectrometry of immunoaffinity-enriched plasma samples to analyze the individual glycosylation sites in clusterin. We determined the levels of targeted clusterin glycoforms containing either a biantennary digalactosylated disialylated (A2G2S2) glycan or a core fucosylated biantennary digalactosylated disialylated (FA2G2S2) glycan at N-glycosite N374. We showed that the presence of these two clusterin glycoforms differed significantly in the plasma of patients prior to and after curative nephrectomy for localized ccRCC. Removal of ccRCC led to a significant increase in the levels of both FA2G2S2 and A2G2S2 glycans in plasma clusterin. These changes were further confirmed by lectin blotting of plasma clusterin. It is envisioned that these identified glycan alterations may provide an additional level of therapeutic or biomarker sensitivity than levels currently achievable by monitoring expression differences alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca O Gbormittah
- †Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan Bones
- §NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marina Hincapie
- ∥Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, 45 New York Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Fateme Tousi
- †Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - William S Hancock
- †Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Othon Iliopoulos
- ⊥Center for Cancer Research at Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,#Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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47
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Kim KJ, Kim YW, Kim YG, Park HM, Jin JM, Hwan Kim Y, Yang YH, Kyu Lee J, Chung J, Lee SG, Saghatelian A. Stable isotopic labeling-based quantitative targeted glycomics (i-QTaG). Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:840-8. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Kim
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Soongsil University; Seoul 156-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Woo Kim
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Soongsil University; Seoul 156-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Soongsil University; Seoul 156-743 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Min Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Mi Jin
- Div. of Mass Spectrometry Research; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang 363-883 Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Bio-Analytical Science; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Div. of Mass Spectrometry Research; Korea Basic Science Institute; Ochang 363-883 Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Bio-Analytical Science; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Dept. of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kyu Lee
- Dept. of Internal Medicine; Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Dongguk University; Goyang 401-773 Si Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Cancer Research Institute; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul 110-799 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Gu Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Pusan National University; Pusan 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundations Laboratories for Peptide Biology; Salk Institute; La Jolla CA 92037
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48
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Li QK, Chen L, Ao MH, Chiu JH, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Chan DW. Serum fucosylated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) improves the differentiation of aggressive from non-aggressive prostate cancers. Theranostics 2015; 5:267-76. [PMID: 25553114 PMCID: PMC4279190 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, it is still challenging to differentiate aggressive from non-aggressive prostate cancers (Pca) by non-invasive approaches. Our recent studies showed that overexpression of alpha (1-6) fucosyltransferase played an important role in Pca cells. In this study, we have investigated levels of glycoproteins and their fucosylated glycoforms in sera of Pca patients, as well as the potential utility of fucosylated glycoproteins in the identification of aggressive Pca. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum samples from histomorphology-proven Pca cases were included. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase 1 (TIMP1) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and their fucosylated glycoforms were captured by Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL), followed by the multiplex magnetic bead-based immunoassay. The level of fucosylated glycoproteins was correlated with patients' Gleason score of the tumor. RESULT Among three fucosylated glycoproteins, the fucosylated PSA was significantly increased and correlated with the tumor Gleason score (p<0.05). The ratio of fucosylated PSA showed a marked increase in aggressive tumors in comparison to non-aggressive tumors. ROC analysis also showed an improved predictive power of fucosylated PSA in the identification of aggressive Pca. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that fucosylated PSA has a better predictive power to differentiate aggressive tumors from non-aggressive tumors, than that of native PSA and two other glycoproteins. The fucosylated PSA has the potential to be used as a surrogate biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Kay Li
- Departments of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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49
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Abstract
Glycans are chains of carbohydrates attached to proteins (glycoproteins and proteoglycans) or lipids (glycolipids). Glycosylation is a posttranslational modification and glycans have a wide range of functions in a human body including involvement in oncological diseases. Change in a glycan structure cannot only indicate presence of a pathological process, but more importantly in some cases also its stage. Thus, a glycan analysis has a potential to be an effective and reliable tool in cancer diagnostics. Lectins are proteins responsible for natural biorecognition of glycans, even carbohydrate moieties still attached to proteins or whole cells can be recognized by lectins, what makes them an ideal candidate for designing label-free biosensors for glycan analysis. In this review we would like to summarize evidence that glycoprofiling of biomarkers by lectin-based biosensors can be really helpful in detecting prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štefan Belický
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Center for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, SK - 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Center for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, SK - 845 38, Slovakia
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50
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Song E, Mayampurath A, Yu CY, Tang H, Mechref Y. Glycoproteomics: identifying the glycosylation of prostate specific antigen at normal and high isoelectric points by LC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5570-80. [PMID: 25327667 PMCID: PMC4261947 DOI: 10.1021/pr500575r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Prostate
specific antigen (PSA) is currently used as a biomarker
to diagnose prostate cancer. PSA testing has been widely used to detect
and screen prostate cancer. However, in the diagnostic gray zone,
the PSA test does not clearly distinguish between benign prostate
hypertrophy and prostate cancer due to their overlap. To develop more
specific and sensitive candidate biomarkers for prostate cancer, an
in-depth understanding of the biochemical characteristics of PSA (such
as glycosylation) is needed. PSA has a single glycosylation site at
Asn69, with glycans constituting approximately 8% of the protein by
weight. Here, we report the comprehensive identification and quantitation
of N-glycans from two PSA isoforms using LC–MS/MS. There were
56 N-glycans associated with PSA, whereas 57 N-glycans were observed
in the case of the PSA-high isoelectric point (pI) isoform (PSAH).
Three sulfated/phosphorylated glycopeptides were detected, the identification
of which was supported by tandem MS data. One of these sulfated/phosphorylated
N-glycans, HexNAc5Hex4dHex1s/p1 was identified in both PSA and PSAH
at relative intensities of 0.52 and 0.28%, respectively. Quantitatively,
the variations were monitored between these two isoforms. Because
we were one of the laboratories participating in the 2012 ABRF Glycoprotein
Research Group (gPRG) study, those results were compared to that presented
in this study. Our qualitative and quantitative results summarized
here were comparable to those that were summarized in the interlaboratory
study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehwang Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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