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Sahu AK, Reddy UC, Kannoth Manheri M, Mishra AK. Exploring the Physical Properties of Lipid Membranes with Polyhydroxy Oxanorbornane Head Group Using NBD-Conjugated and DPH Fluorescent Probes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5106-5120. [PMID: 38427698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The present study focuses on exploring the physical properties of lipid membranes based on the polyhydroxy oxanorbornane (PH-ONB) headgroup, designed as synthetic analogues of naturally occurring archaeal lipid membranes. Specifically, we study two variants of PH-ONB headgroup-based lipids differing in the number of hydroxy groups present in the headgroup, with one having two hydroxy groups (ONB-2OH) and the other having three (ONB-3OH). These lipids form stable bilayer membranes. The study begins with a comprehensive analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-tagged ONB-based lipids in different solvent environments and within a model lipid membrane 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC). Subsequently, the physical properties of the ONB-based membranes were examined by using an NBD-tagged ONB-based probe and a commonly used extrinsic 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) fluorescent probe. The steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence properties of the NBD-tagged ONB-based probe and DPH were used to compare the physical properties of the ONB-based membranes, including polarity, fluidity, phase transition, order, hydration, location, heterogeneity, and rotational diffusion. The solid gel to liquid crystalline phase transition temperatures of ONB-2OH and ONB-3OH lipid membranes are found to be (68 ± 1) °C and (74 ± 1) °C, respectively. The variation in organization (size), fluidity, and phase transition temperature of ONB-based lipid membranes is explained by the extent of hydrogen bonding interactions between lipid head groups. ONB-based membranes exhibit characteristics similar to those of phospholipid membranes and possess a notably high phase transition temperature. These properties make them a promising and cost-effective synthetic alternative to archaeal lipid membranes with a wide range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - U Chandrasekhar Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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2
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Oka S, Watanabe M, Ito E, Takeyama A, Matsuoka T, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Arichi N, Ohno H, Yamasaki S, Inuki S. Archaeal Glycerolipids Are Recognized by C-Type Lectin Receptor Mincle. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18538-18548. [PMID: 37555666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, various metabolites derived from host microbes have been reported to modulate the immune system, with potential involvement in health or diseases. Archaea, prokaryotic organisms, are present in the human body, but their connection with the host is largely unknown when compared to other microorganisms such as bacteria. This study focused on unique glycerolipids from symbiotic methanogenic archaea and evaluated their activities toward an innate immune receptor. The results revealed that archaeal lipids were recognized by the C-type lectin receptor Mincle and induced immune responses. A concurrent structure-activity relationship study identified the key structural features of archaeal lipids required for recognition by Mincle. Subsequent gene expression profiling suggested qualitative differences between the symbiotic archaeal lipid and the pathogenic bacteria-derived lipid. These findings have broad implications for understanding the function of symbiotic archaea in host health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Oka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Miyuki Watanabe
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Emi Ito
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ami Takeyama
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuro Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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3
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Romero EL, Morilla MJ. Ether lipids from archaeas in nano-drug delivery and vaccination. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122632. [PMID: 36690132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Archaea are microorganisms more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria. Almost 50 years after being defined as a new domain of life on earth, new species continue to be discovered and their phylogeny organized. The study of the relationship between their genetics and metabolism and some of their extreme habitats has even positioned them as a model of extraterrestrial life forms. Archaea, however, are deeply connected to the life of our planet: they can be found in arid, acidic, warm areas; on most of the earth's surface, which is cold (below 5 °C), playing a prominent role in the cycles of organic materials on a global scale and they are even part of our microbiota. The constituent materials of these microorganisms differ radically from those produced by eukaryotes and bacteria, and the nanoparticles that can be manufactured using their ether lipids as building blocks exhibit unique properties that are of interest in nanomedicine. Here, we present for the first time a complete overview of the pre-clinical applications of nanomedicines based on ether archaea lipids, focused on drug delivery and adjuvancy over the last 25 years, along with a discussion on their pros, cons and their future industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicines Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Maria Jose Morilla
- Nanomedicines Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Jia Y, Akache B, Deschatelets L, Qian H, Dudani R, Harrison BA, Stark FC, Chandan V, Jamshidi MP, Krishnan L, McCluskie MJ. A comparison of the immune responses induced by antigens in three different archaeosome-based vaccine formulations. Int J Pharm 2019; 561:187-196. [PMID: 30836154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Archaeosomes are liposomes composed of natural or synthetic archaeal lipids that can be used as adjuvants to induce strong long-lasting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against entrapped antigen. However, the entrapment efficiency of antigen within archaeosomes constituted using standard liposome forming methodology is often only 5-40%. In this study, we evaluated different formulation methods using a simple semi-synthetic archaeal lipid (SLA, sulfated lactosyl archaeol) and two different antigens, ovalbumin (OVA) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Antigen was entrapped within archaeosomes using the conventional thin film hydration-rehydration method with or without removal of non-entrapped antigen, or pre-formed empty archaeosomes were simply admixed with an antigen solution. Physicochemical characteristics were determined (size distribution, zeta potential, vesicle morphology and lamellarity), as well as location of antigen relative to bilayer using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We demonstrate that antigen (OVA or HBsAg) formulated with SLA lipid adjuvants using all the different methodologies resulted in a strong antigen-specific immune response. Nevertheless, the advantage of using a drug substance process that comprises of simply admixing antigen with pre-formed empty archaeosomes, represents a simple, efficient and antigenic dose-sparing formulation for adjuvanting and delivering vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Jia
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Bassel Akache
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Lise Deschatelets
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Hui Qian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Renu Dudani
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Blair A Harrison
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Felicity C Stark
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Vandana Chandan
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Mohammad P Jamshidi
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Michael J McCluskie
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
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5
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Rezelj S, Kozorog M, Švigelj T, Ulrih NP, Žnidaršič N, Podobnik M, Anderluh G. Cholesterol Enriched Archaeosomes as a Molecular System for Studying Interactions of Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins with Membranes. J Membr Biol 2018; 251:491-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-018-0018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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6
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Jia Y, McCluskie MJ, Zhang D, Monette R, Iqbal U, Moreno M, Sauvageau J, Williams D, Deschatelets L, Jakubek ZJ, Krishnan L. In vitro evaluation of archaeosome vehicles for transdermal vaccine delivery. J Liposome Res 2017; 28:305-314. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2017.1376683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Jia
- Department of Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael J. McCluskie
- Department of Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Department of Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert Monette
- Department of Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Umar Iqbal
- Department of Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maria Moreno
- Department of Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Janelle Sauvageau
- Department of Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dean Williams
- Department of Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lise Deschatelets
- Department of Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Zygmunt J. Jakubek
- Department of Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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7
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Arranz-Martínez P, Casado V, Reglero G, Torres CF. Novel glyceryl ethers phospholipids produced by solid to solid transphosphatidylation in the presence of a food grade phospholipase D. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Arranz-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Víctor Casado
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI (UAM-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos F. Torres
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
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8
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Mitchell GM, Hesketh A, Lombardi C, Ho C, Fyles TM. A membrane-spanning macrocyclic bolaamphiphile lipid mimic of archaeal lipids. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a 72-membered macrocyclic tetraester bolaamphiphile is accomplished in six chemical steps from commercially available starting materials using copper-accelerated azide–alkyne coupling to close the macrocycle in high yield. Related diester amphiphiles and an acyclic tetraester bolaamphiphile were also prepared. The set of lipids bearing nitrophenyl phosphate head groups were incorporated into phospholipid vesicles but failed to undergo phosphate hydrolysis in basic conditions, undergoing efficient elimination in competition. The same lipid cores bearing phosphate-linked nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) head groups also incorporated into phospholipid vesicles and the NBD fluorescence was quenched with cobalt ions. The proportion of membrane-spanning bolaamphiphiles was determined from the ratio of cobalt quenching in the presence and in the absence of a detergent. The macrocyclic bolaamphiphile is incorporated into phospholipid vesicles such that 48 ± 4% of the NBD head groups are in the outer leaflet, consistent with a membrane-spanning orientation. The acyclic bolaamphiphile is incorporated with 75 ± 3% of the NBD head groups accessible to quencher in the absence of a detergent suggesting U-shaped incorporation in the outer leaflet of the bilayer membrane. In ring size and spanning ability, the macrocyclic bolaamphiphile mimics naturally occurring macrocyclic archaeal lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Amelia Hesketh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Christie Lombardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Cally Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Fyles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
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9
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Haq K, Jia Y, Krishnan L. Archaeal lipid vaccine adjuvants for induction of cell-mediated immunity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1557-1566. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1195265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Haq
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Y. Jia
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L. Krishnan
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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10
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Morilla MJ, Romero EL. Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: an update on therapeutics, prophylaxis and diagnosis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:465-81. [PMID: 25707979 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. After a mostly clinically silent acute phase, the disease becomes a lifelong chronic condition that can lead to chronic heart failure and thromboembolic phenomena followed by sudden death. Antichagasic treatment is only effective in the acute phase but fails to eradicate the intracellular form of parasites and causes severe toxicity in adults. Although conventional oral benznidazol is not a safe and efficient drug to cure chronic adult patients, current preclinical data is insufficient to envisage if conventional antichagasic treatment could be realistically improved by a nanomedical approach. This review will discuss how nanomedicines could help to improve the performance of therapeutics, vaccines and diagnosis of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Morilla
- Programa de Nanomedicinas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Twine SM, Fulton KM, Spika J, Ouellette M, Raven JF, Conlan JW, Krishnan L, Barreto L, Richards JC. Next Generation Vaccine Biomarkers workshop October 30-31, 2014--Ottawa, Canada. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:2923-30. [PMID: 26383909 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1083663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine biomarkers are critical to many aspects of vaccine development and licensure, including bridging findings in pre-clinical studies to clinical studies, predicting potential adverse events, and predicting vaccine efficacy. Despite advances in our understanding of various biological pathways, and advances in systems analyses of the immune response, there remains much to learn about qualitative and quantitative aspects of the human host response to vaccination. To stimulate discussion and identify opportunities for collaborative ways to advance the field of vaccine biomarkers, A Next Generation Vaccine Biomarker workshop was held in Ottawa. The two day workshop, sponsored by the National Research Council Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Pfizer, and Medicago, brought together stakeholders from Canadian and international industry, government and academia. The workshop was grouped in themes, covering vaccine biomarker challenges in the pre-clinical and clinical spaces, veterinary vaccines, regulatory challenges, and development of biomarkers for adjuvants and cancer vaccines. The use of case studies allowed participants to identify the needs and gaps requiring innovation. The workshop concluded with a discussion on opportunities for vaccine biomarker discovery, the Canadian context, and approaches for moving forward. This article provides a synopsis of these discussions and identifies steps forward for advancing vaccine biomarker research in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Twine
- a National Research Council Canada-Human Health Therapeutics (NRC-HHT) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Kelly M Fulton
- a National Research Council Canada-Human Health Therapeutics (NRC-HHT) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - John Spika
- b Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Marc Ouellette
- c Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jennifer F Raven
- c Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - J Wayne Conlan
- a National Research Council Canada-Human Health Therapeutics (NRC-HHT) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- a National Research Council Canada-Human Health Therapeutics (NRC-HHT) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Luis Barreto
- a National Research Council Canada-Human Health Therapeutics (NRC-HHT) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - James C Richards
- a National Research Council Canada-Human Health Therapeutics (NRC-HHT) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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12
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Bending elasticity modulus of giant vesicles composed of aeropyrum pernix k1 archaeal lipid. Life (Basel) 2015; 5:1101-10. [PMID: 25821933 PMCID: PMC4500131 DOI: 10.3390/life5021101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermally induced shape fluctuations were used to study elastic properties of giant vesicles composed of archaeal lipids C25,25-archetidyl (glucosyl) inositol and C25,25-archetidylinositol isolated from lyophilised Aeropyrum pernix K1 cells. Giant vesicles were created by electroformation in pure water environment. Stroboscopic illumination using a xenon flash lamp was implemented to remove the blur effect due to the finite integration time of the camera and to obtain an instant picture of the fluctuating vesicle shape. The mean weighted value of the bending elasticity modulus kc of the archaeal membrane determined from the measurements meeting the entire set of qualification criteria was (1.89 ± 0.18) × 10−19 J, which is similar to the values obtained for a membrane composed of the eukaryotic phospholipids SOPC (1.88 ± 0.17) × 10−19 J and POPC (2.00 ± 0.21) × 10−19 J. We conclude that membranes composed of archaeal lipids isolated from Aeropyrum pernix K1 cells have similar elastic properties as membranes composed of eukaryotic lipids. This fact, together with the importance of the elastic properties for the normal circulation through blood system, provides further evidence in favor of expectations that archaeal lipids could be appropriate for the design of drug delivery systems.
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13
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Li NS, Piccirilli JA. Synthesis of stereopure acyclic 1,5-dimethylalkane chirons: building blocks of highly methyl-branched natural products. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Ungaro F, Conte C, Quaglia F, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM, Buonaguro L. VLPs and particle strategies for cancer vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:1173-1193. [PMID: 24124878 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2013.836909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective delivery of tumor antigens to APCs is one of the key steps for eliciting a strong and durable immune response to tumors. Several cancer vaccines have been evaluated in clinical trials, based on soluble peptides, but results have not been fully satisfactory. To improve immunogenicity particles provide a valid strategy to display and/or incorporate epitopes which can be efficiently targeted to APCs for effective induction of adaptive immunity. In the present review, we report some leading technologies for developing particulate vaccines employed in cancer immunotherapy, highlighting the key parameters for a rational design to elicit both humoral and cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ungaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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15
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Li NS, Scharf L, Adams EJ, Piccirilli JA. Highly stereocontrolled total synthesis of β-D-mannosyl phosphomycoketide: a natural product from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5970-86. [PMID: 23724960 DOI: 10.1021/jo4006602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
β-D-mannosyl phosphomycoketide (C32-MPM), a naturally occurring glycolipid found in the cell walls of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, acts as a potent antigen to activate T-cells upon presentation by CD1c protein. The lipid portion of C32-MPM contains a C32-mycoketide, consisting of a saturated oligoisoprenoid chain with five chiral methyl branches. Here we develop several stereocontrolled approaches to assemble the oligoisoprenoid chain with high stereopurity (>96%) using Julia-Kocienski olefinations followed by diimide reduction. By careful choice of olefination sites, we could derive all chirality from a single commercial compound, methyl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (>99% ee). Our approach is the first highly stereocontrolled method to prepare C32-MPM molecule with >96% stereopurity from a single >99% ee starting material. We anticipate that our methods will facilitate the highly stereocontrolled synthesis of a variety of other natural products containing chiral oligoisoprenoid-like chains, including vitamins, phytol, insect pheromones, and archaeal lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Sheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.
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16
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Higa LH, Corral RS, Morilla MJ, Romero EL, Petray PB. Archaeosomes display immunoadjuvant potential for a vaccine against Chagas disease. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:409-12. [PMID: 23291939 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Archaeosomes (ARC), vesicles made from lipids extracted from Archaea, display strong adjuvant properties. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the highly stable ARC formulated from total polar lipids of a new Halorubrum tebenquichense strain found in Argentinean Patagonia, to act as adjuvant for soluble parasite antigens in developing prophylactic vaccine against the intracellular protozoan T. cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. We demonstrated for the first time that C3H/HeN mice subcutaneously immunized with trypanosomal antigens entrapped in these ARC (ARC-TcAg) rapidly developed higher levels of circulating T. cruzi antibodies than those measured in the sera from animals receiving the antigen alone. Enhanced humoral responses elicited by ARC-TcAg presented a dominant IgG2a antibody isotype, usually associated with Th1-type immunity and resistance against T. cruzi. More importantly, ARC-TcAg-vaccinated mice displayed reduced parasitemia during early infection and were protected against an otherwise lethal challenge with the virulent Tulahuén strain of the parasite. Our findings suggest that, as an adjuvant, H. tebenquichense-derived ARC may hold great potential to develop a safe and helpful vaccine against this relevant human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia H Higa
- Programa de Nanomedicinas; Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ingrosso C, Bianco GV, Corricelli M, Corcelli A, Lobasso S, Bruno G, Agostiano A, Striccoli M, Curri ML. Hybrid charge transfer complexes based on archaeal glycolipids wrapping single walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6941-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42162g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Higa LH, Schilrreff P, Perez AP, Iriarte MA, Roncaglia DI, Morilla MJ, Romero EL. Ultradeformable archaeosomes as new topical adjuvants. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:1319-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Synthetic archaeosome vaccines containing triglycosylarchaeols can provide additive and long-lasting immune responses that are enhanced by archaetidylserine. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2012; 2012:513231. [PMID: 23055819 PMCID: PMC3465877 DOI: 10.1155/2012/513231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The relation between archaeal lipid structures and their activity as adjuvants may be defined and explored by synthesizing novel head groups covalently linked to archaeol (2,3-diphytanyl-sn-glycerol). Saturated archaeol, that is suitably stable as a precursor for chemical synthesis, was obtained in high yield from Halobacterium salinarum. Archaeosomes consisting of the various combinations of synthesized lipids, with antigen entrapped, were used to immunize mice and subsequently determine CD8+ and CD4+-T cell immune responses. Addition of 45 mol% of the glycolipids gentiotriosylarchaeol, mannotriosylarchaeol or maltotriosylarchaeol to an archaetidylglycerophosphate-O-methyl archaeosome, significantly enhanced the CD8+ T cell response to antigen, but diminished the antibody titres in peripheral blood. Archaeosomes consisting of all three triglycosyl archaeols combined with archaetidylglycerophosphate-O-methyl (15/15/15/55 mol%) resulted in approximately additive CD8+ T cell responses and also an antibody response not significantly different from the archaetidylglycerophosphate-O-methyl alone. Synthetic archaetidylserine played a role to further enhance the CD8+ T cell response where the optimum content was 20–30 mol%. Vaccines giving best protection against solid tumor growth corresponded to the archaeosome adjuvant composition that gave highest immune activity in immunized mice.
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Kumar D, Sharma D, Singh G, Singh M, Rathore MS. Lipoidal soft hybrid biocarriers of supramolecular construction for drug delivery. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2012. [PMID: 22888455 DOI: 10.5402/2012/474830]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based innovations have achieved new heights during the last few years as an essential component of drug development. The current challenge of drug delivery is liberation of drug agents at the right time in a safe and reproducible manner to a specific target site. A number of novel drug delivery systems has emerged encompassing various routes of administration, to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery. Microparticulate lipoidal vesicular system represents a unique technology platform suitable for the oral and systemic administration of a wide variety of molecules with important therapeutic biological activities, including drugs, genes, and vaccine antigens. The success of liposomes as drug carriers has been reflected in a number of liposome-based formulations, which are commercially available or are currently undergoing clinical trials. Also, novel lipid carrier-mediated vesicular systems are originated. This paper has focused on the lipid-based supramolecular vesicular carriers that are used in various drug delivery and drug targeting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jalandhar 144020, India
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21
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Kumar D, Sharma D, Singh G, Singh M, Rathore MS. Lipoidal soft hybrid biocarriers of supramolecular construction for drug delivery. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2012; 2012:474830. [PMID: 22888455 PMCID: PMC3409530 DOI: 10.5402/2012/474830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based innovations have achieved new heights during the last few years as an essential component of drug development. The current challenge of drug delivery is liberation of drug agents at the right time in a safe and reproducible manner to a specific target site. A number of novel drug delivery systems has emerged encompassing various routes of administration, to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery. Microparticulate lipoidal vesicular system represents a unique technology platform suitable for the oral and systemic administration of a wide variety of molecules with important therapeutic biological activities, including drugs, genes, and vaccine antigens. The success of liposomes as drug carriers has been reflected in a number of liposome-based formulations, which are commercially available or are currently undergoing clinical trials. Also, novel lipid carrier-mediated vesicular systems are originated. This paper has focused on the lipid-based supramolecular vesicular carriers that are used in various drug delivery and drug targeting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jalandhar 144020, India
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22
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Šuštar V, Zelko J, Lopalco P, Lobasso S, Ota A, Ulrih NP, Corcelli A, Kralj-Iglič V. Morphology, biophysical properties and protein-mediated fusion of archaeosomes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39401. [PMID: 22792173 PMCID: PMC3391208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As variance from standard phospholipids of eubacteria and eukaryotes, archaebacterial diether phospholipids contain branched alcohol chains (phytanol) linked to glycerol exclusively with ether bonds. Giant vesicles (GVs) constituted of different species of archaebacterial diether phospholipids and glycolipids (archaeosomes) were prepared by electroformation and observed under a phase contrast and/or fluorescence microscope. Archaebacterial lipids and different mixtures of archaebacterial and standard lipids formed GVs which were analysed for size, yield and ability to adhere to each other due to the mediating effects of certain plasma proteins. GVs constituted of different proportions of archaeal or standard phosphatidylcholine were compared. In nonarchaebacterial GVs (in form of multilamellar lipid vesicles, MLVs) the main transition was detected at Tm = 34. 2°C with an enthalpy of ΔH = 0.68 kcal/mol, whereas in archaebacterial GVs (MLVs) we did not observe the main phase transition in the range between 10 and 70°C. GVs constituted of archaebacterial lipids were subject to attractive interaction mediated by beta 2 glycoprotein I and by heparin. The adhesion constant of beta 2 glycoprotein I – mediated adhesion determined from adhesion angle between adhered GVs was in the range of 10−8 J/m2. In the course of protein mediated adhesion, lateral segregation of the membrane components and presence of thin tubular membranous structures were observed. The ability of archaebacterial diether lipids to combine with standard lipids in bilayers and their compatibility with adhesion-mediating molecules offer further evidence that archaebacterial lipids are appropriate for the design of drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Šuštar
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Chair of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Zelko
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Chair of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Patrizia Lopalco
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Lobasso
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ajda Ota
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Angela Corcelli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- IPCF-CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Biomedical Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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23
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2007-2008. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:183-311. [PMID: 21850673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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24
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Magnusson CD, Haraldsson GG. Ether lipids. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:315-40. [PMID: 21635876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerols and their methoxylated congeners, 1-O-(2'-methoxyalkyl)-sn-glycerols, are biologically active compounds, ubiquitously found in nature as diacyl glyceryl ether lipids and phosphoether lipids. The chief objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive and up to date review on such ether lipids. The occurrence and distribution of these compounds in nature are extensively reviewed, their chemical structure and molecular variety, their biosynthesis and chemical synthesis and, finally, their various biological effects are described and discussed. An unprecedented biosynthesis of the 2'-methoxylated alkylglycerols is proposed. The first synthesis of enantiopure (Z)-(2'R)-1-O-(2'-methoxyhexadec-4'-enyl)-sn-glycerol, the most prevalent 2'-methoxylated type alkylglycerol present in cartilaginous fish, is described. It was accomplished by a highly convergent five step process.
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Jarrell KF, Walters AD, Bochiwal C, Borgia JM, Dickinson T, Chong JPJ. Major players on the microbial stage: why archaea are important. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2011; 157:919-936. [PMID: 21330437 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.047837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As microbiology undergoes a renaissance, fuelled in part by developments in new sequencing technologies, the massive diversity and abundance of microbes becomes yet more obvious. The Archaea have traditionally been perceived as a minor group of organisms forced to evolve into environmental niches not occupied by their more 'successful' and 'vigorous' counterparts, the bacteria. Here we outline some of the evidence gathered by an increasingly large and productive group of scientists that demonstrates not only that the Archaea contribute significantly to global nutrient cycling, but also that they compete successfully in 'mainstream' environments. Recent data suggest that the Archaea provide the major routes for ammonia oxidation in the environment. Archaea also have huge economic potential that to date has only been fully realized in the production of thermostable polymerases. Archaea have furnished us with key paradigms for understanding fundamentally conserved processes across all domains of life. In addition, they have provided numerous exemplars of novel biological mechanisms that provide us with a much broader view of the forms that life can take and the way in which micro-organisms can interact with other species. That this information has been garnered in a relatively short period of time, and appears to represent only a small proportion of what the Archaea have to offer, should provide further incentives to microbiologists to investigate the underlying biology of this fascinating domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken F Jarrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Alison D Walters
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Chitvan Bochiwal
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Juliet M Borgia
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Thomas Dickinson
- Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - James P J Chong
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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Krishnamachari Y, Geary SM, Lemke CD, Salem AK. Nanoparticle delivery systems in cancer vaccines. Pharm Res 2010; 28:215-36. [PMID: 20721603 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies that involve the manipulation of the host's immune system are gaining momentum in cancer research. Antigen-loaded nanocarriers are capable of being actively taken up by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and have shown promising potential in cancer immunotherapy by initiating a strong immunostimulatory cascade that results in potent antigen-specific immune responses against the cancer. Such carrier systems offer versatility in that they can simultaneously co-deliver adjuvants with the antigens to enhance APC activation and maturation. Furthermore, modifying the surface properties of these nanocarriers affords active targeting properties to APCs and/or enhanced accumulation in solid tumors. Here, we review some recent advances in these colloidal and particulate nanoscale systems designed for cancer immunotherapy and the potential for these systems to translate into clinical cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Krishnamachari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Dicaire CJ, Yu SH, Whitfield DM, Sprott GD. Isopranoid- and dipalmitoyl-aminophospholipid adjuvants impact differently on longevity of CTL immune responses. J Liposome Res 2010; 20:304-14. [PMID: 20148707 DOI: 10.3109/08982100903544151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The success of lipid membranes as cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) adjuvants requires targeted uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and delivery of the antigen cargo to the cytosol for processing. To target the phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor of APCs, we prepared antigen-loaded liposomes containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine and archaeal lipid liposomes (archaeosomes), containing an equivalent amount of archaetidylserine, and compared their ability to promote short and long-term CTL activity in animals. CTL responses were enhanced by the incorporation of PS into phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes and, to a lesser extent, into phosphatidylglycerol/cholesterol liposomes, that correlated to the amount of surface amino groups reactive with trinitrobenzoyl sulfonate. Archaeosomes contrasted to the liposome adjuvants by exhibiting higher amounts of surface amino groups and inducing superior shorter and, especially, longer-term CTL responses. The incorporation of dipalmitoyl lipids into archaeosomes induced instability and prevented long-term, but not short-term, CTL responses in mice. The importance of glycero-lipid cores (isopranoid versus dipalmitoyl) to the longevity of the CTL response achieved was shown further by incorporating dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) or equivalent amounts of synthetic archaetidylethanolamine (AE) into archaeosome adjuvants. Both DPPE and AE at equivalent (5 mol%) concentrations enhanced the rapidity of CTL responses in mice, indicating the importance of the head group in the short term. In the longer term, 5% of DPPE (but not 5% of AE) was detrimental. In addition to head-group effects critical to the potency of short-term CTL responses, the longer term CTL adjuvant properties of archaeosomes may be ascribed to stability imparted by the archaeal isopranoid core lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal J Dicaire
- National Research Council, Institute for Biological Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Chong PLG. Archaebacterial bipolar tetraether lipids: Physico-chemical and membrane properties. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 163:253-65. [PMID: 20060818 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar tetraether lipids (BTL) are abundant in archaea and can be chemically synthesized. The structures of BTL are distinctly different from the lipids found in bacteria and eukaryotes. In aqueous solution, BTL can form extraordinarily stable liposomes with different sizes, lamellarities and membrane packing densities. BTL liposomes can serve as membrane models for understanding the structure-function relationship of the plasma membrane in thermoacidophiles and can be used for technological applications. This article reviews the separation, characterization and structures of BTL as well as the physical properties and technological applications of BTL liposomes. One of the structural features of BTL is the presence of cyclopentane rings in the lipid hydrocarbon core. Archaea use the cyclopentane ring as an adaptation strategy to cope with high growth temperature. Special attention of this article is focused on how the number of cyclopentane rings varies with environmental factors and affects membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parkson Lee-Gau Chong
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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Development of new glycosylation methodologies for the synthesis of archaeal-derived glycolipid adjuvants. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:214-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Archaeosomes made of Halorubrum tebenquichense total polar lipids: a new source of adjuvancy. BMC Biotechnol 2009; 9:71. [PMID: 19678953 PMCID: PMC2739508 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-9-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Archaeosomes (ARC), vesicles prepared from total polar lipids (TPL) extracted from selected genera and species from the Archaea domain, elicit both antibody and cell-mediated immunity to the entrapped antigen, as well as efficient cross priming of exogenous antigens, evoking a profound memory response. Screening for unexplored Archaea genus as new sources of adjuvancy, here we report the presence of two new Halorubrum tebenquichense strains isolated from grey crystals (GC) and black mood (BM) strata from a littoral Argentinean Patagonia salt flat. Cytotoxicity, intracellular transit and immune response induced by two subcutaneous (sc) administrations (days 0 and 21) with BSA entrapped in ARC made of TPL either form BM (ARC-BM) and from GC (ARC-GC) at 2% w/w (BSA/lipids), to C3H/HeN mice (25 μg BSA, 1.3 mg of archaeal lipids per mouse) and boosted on day 180 with 25 μg of bare BSA, were determined. Results DNA G+C content (59.5 and 61.7% mol BM and GC, respectively), 16S rDNA sequentiation, DNA-DNA hybridization, arbitrarily primed fingerprint assay and biochemical data confirmed that BM and GC isolates were two non-previously described strains of H. tebenquichense. Both multilamellar ARC mean size were 564 ± 22 nm, with -50 mV zeta-potential, and were not cytotoxic on Vero cells up to 1 mg/ml and up to 0.1 mg/ml of lipids on J-774 macrophages (XTT method). ARC inner aqueous content remained inside the phago-lysosomal system of J-774 cells beyond the first incubation hour at 37°C, as revealed by pyranine loaded in ARC. Upon subcutaneous immunization of C3H/HeN mice, BSA entrapped in ARC-BM or ARC-GC elicited a strong and sustained primary antibody response, as well as improved specific humoral immunity after boosting with the bare antigen. Both IgG1 and IgG2a enhanced antibody titers could be demonstrated in long-term (200 days) recall suggesting induction of a mixed Th1/Th2 response. Conclusion We herein report the finding of new H. tebenquichense non alkaliphilic strains in Argentinean Patagonia together with the adjuvant properties of ARC after sc administration in mice. Our results indicate that archaeosomes prepared with TPL from these two strains could be successfully used as vaccine delivery vehicles.
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Sprott GD, Côté JP, Jarrell HC. Glycosidase-induced fusion of isoprenoid gentiobiosyl lipid membranes at acidic pH. Glycobiology 2008; 19:267-76. [PMID: 19029107 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A difficulty in explaining the mechanism whereby archaeal lipid membrane vesicles (archaeosomes) deliver entrapped protein antigens to the MHC class I cytosolic pathway from phagolysosomes of antigen-presenting cells has been the observation that they tend not to fuse. Here, we determine that archaeosomes, composed of archaeal isoprenoid mixtures of glyco and phospholipids, can be highly fusogenic when exposed to the pH and enzymes found in late phagolysosomes. Fusions were strictly dependent on acidic pH and the presence of alpha- or beta-glucosidase. Resonance energy transfer (RET) assays demonstrated that fusion conditions induced lipid mixing of archaeosome lipids with self-unlabeled archaeosomes. Because PC/PG/cholesterol liposomes by themselves did not fuse, it was possible to unequivocally show a fusion of rhodamine-labeled liposomes with archaeosomes by fluorescence microscopy and to demonstrate lipid mixing between labeled liposomes and archaeosomes by the RET assay. Radiotracer and (1)H NMR studies revealed that glycolipids in fused archaeosomes were not degraded significantly by glucosidase treatment during fusion. Rather, the glucosidases dramatically induced small archaeosomes to rapidly and visually aggregate at pH 4.8, but not 6.8, thus bringing membranes together appropriately as a first step in the fusion process. (1)H NMR was used to demonstrate that conditions causing aggregation correlated with binding of glucosidase to the archaeosomes. Binding at acidic pH occurred by the electrostatic interaction of positively charged glucosidase with the anionic phospholipids, although the interaction also occurred with the gentiobiosyl lipids. The data indicate a mechanism of membrane-membrane fusion for archaeal glycolipid membranes induced by glycosidase and illustrate the importance for inclusion of glycolipids in compositions of vesicles designed to deliver protein antigens to the cytosol for MHC class I presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dennis Sprott
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A OR6, Canada.
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32
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Synthesis of archaeal glycolipid adjuvants—what is the optimum number of sugars? Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2349-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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