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Tamura A, Azam AH, Nakamura T, Lee K, Iyoda S, Kondo K, Ojima S, Chihara K, Yamashita W, Cui L, Akeda Y, Watashi K, Takahashi Y, Yotsuyanagi H, Kiga K. Synthetic phage-based approach for sensitive and specific detection of Escherichia coli O157. Commun Biol 2024; 7:535. [PMID: 38710842 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06247-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157 can cause foodborne outbreaks, with infection leading to severe disease such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Although phage-based detection methods for E. coli O157 are being explored, research on their specificity with clinical isolates is lacking. Here, we describe an in vitro assembly-based synthesis of vB_Eco4M-7, an O157 antigen-specific phage with a 68-kb genome, and its use as a proof of concept for E. coli O157 detection. Linking the detection tag to the C-terminus of the tail fiber protein, gp27 produces the greatest detection sensitivity of the 20 insertions sites tested. The constructed phage detects all 53 diverse clinical isolates of E. coli O157, clearly distinguishing them from 35 clinical isolates of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli. Our efficient phage synthesis methods can be applied to other pathogenic bacteria for a variety of applications, including phage-based detection and phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azumi Tamura
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aa Haeruman Azam
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Lee
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sunao Iyoda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Kondo
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Ojima
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Chihara
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakana Yamashita
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kiga
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan.
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Melamed J, Brockhausen I. Biosynthesis of the O antigen of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Characterization of α1,4-Fuc-transferase WbdO. Glycobiology 2023; 33:165-175. [PMID: 36715215 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The O157:H7 strain of Escherichia coli is responsible for frequent outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis worldwide. Its lipopolysaccharide is a virulence factor and contains an O antigen having repeating units with the tetrasaccharide structure [2-D-PerNAcα1-3-L-Fucα1-4-D-Glcβ1-3-D-GalNAcα1-]n. Genes encoding glycosyltransferases WbdN, WbdO, and WbdP are responsible for the biosynthesis of this repeating unit. We have previously characterized the second enzyme in the pathway, WbdN, which transfers Glc in β1-3 linkage to GalNAcα-O-PO3-PO3-(CH2)11-O-Ph (GalNAc-PP-PhU). In this work, Fuc-transferase WbdO from E. coli O157:H7 expressed in BL21 bacteria was characterized using the product of WbdN as the acceptor substrate. We showed that WbdO is specific for GDP-β-L-Fuc as the donor substrate. Compounds that contained terminal Glc or Glcβ1-3GalNAc structures but lacked the diphosphate group did not serve as acceptor substrates. The structure of the WbdO product was identified by mass spectrometry and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as L-Fucα1-4-D-Glcβ1-3-D-GalNAc PP-PhU. WbdO is an unusual bivalent metal ion-dependent Fuc-transferase classified as an inverting GT2 family enzyme that has 2 conserved sequences near the N-terminus. The Asp37 residue within the 36VDGGSTD42 sequence was found to be essential for catalysis. Mutation of Asp68 to Ala within the conserved 67YDAMNK72 sequence resulted in a 3-fold increase in activity. These studies show that WbdOO157 is a highly specific Fuc-transferase with little homology to other characterized Fuc-transferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Melamed
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
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Kocev A, Melamed J, Torgov V, Danilov L, Veselovsky V, Brockhausen I. The wclY gene of Escherichia coli serotype O117 encodes an α1,4-glucosyltransferase with strict acceptor specificity but broad donor specificity. Glycobiology 2020; 30:9003-9014. [PMID: 32421169 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The O antigen of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli serotype O117 consists of repeating units with the structure [-D-GalNAcβ1-3-L-Rhaα1-4-D-Glcα1-4-D-Galβ1-3-D-GalNAcα1-4]n. A related structure is found in E. coli O107 where Glc is replaced by a GlcNAc residue. The O117 and O107 antigen biosynthesis gene clusters are homologous and reveal the presence of four putative glycosyltransferase (GT) genes, wclW, wclX, wclY and wclZ, but the enzymes have not yet been biochemically characterized. We show here that the His6-tagged WclY protein expressed in E. coli Lemo21(DE3) cells is an α1,4-Glc-transferase that transfers Glc to the Gal moiety of Galβ1-3GalNAcα-OPO3-PO3-phenoxyundecyl as a specific acceptor and that the diphosphate moiety of this acceptor is required. WclY utilized UDP-Glc, TDP-Glc, ADP-Glc, as well as UDP-GlcNAc, UDP-Gal or UDP-GalNAc as donor substrates, suggesting an unusual broad donor specificity. Activity using GDP-Man suggested the presence of a novel Man-transferase in Lemo21(DE3) cells. Mutations of WclY revealed that both Glu residues of the Ex7E motif within the predicted GT domain are essential for activity. High GlcNAc-transferase (GlcNAc-T) activities of WclY were created by mutating Arg194 to Cys. A triple mutant identical to WclY in E. coli O107 was identified as an α1,4 GlcNAc-T. The characterization of WclY opens the door for the development of antibacterial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kocev
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Jacob Melamed
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Vladimir Torgov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Danilov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Veselovsky
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
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Liu B, Furevi A, Perepelov AV, Guo X, Cao H, Wang Q, Reeves PR, Knirel YA, Wang L, Widmalm G. Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:655-683. [PMID: 31778182 PMCID: PMC7685785 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli includes clonal groups of both commensal and pathogenic strains, with some of the latter causing serious infectious diseases. O antigen variation is current standard in defining strains for taxonomy and epidemiology, providing the basis for many serotyping schemes for Gram-negative bacteria. This review covers the diversity in E. coli O antigen structures and gene clusters, and the genetic basis for the structural diversity. Of the 187 formally defined O antigens, six (O31, O47, O67, O72, O94 and O122) have since been removed and three (O34, O89 and O144) strains do not produce any O antigen. Therefore, structures are presented for 176 of the 181 E. coli O antigens, some of which include subgroups. Most (93%) of these O antigens are synthesized via the Wzx/Wzy pathway, 11 via the ABC transporter pathway, with O20, O57 and O60 still uncharacterized due to failure to find their O antigen gene clusters. Biosynthetic pathways are given for 38 of the 49 sugars found in E. coli O antigens, and several pairs or groups of the E. coli antigens that have related structures show close relationships of the O antigen gene clusters within clades, thereby highlighting the genetic basis of the evolution of diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Axel Furevi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei V Perepelov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xi Guo
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hengchun Cao
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Quan Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Peter R Reeves
- School of Molecular and Microbial Bioscience, University of Sydney, 2 Butilin Ave, Darlington NSW 2008, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Expression, purification, and characterization of a new Glucosyltransferase involved in the third step of O-antigen repeating-unit biosynthesis of Escherichia coli O152. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:139-149. [PMID: 31974821 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The O antigen is indispensable for the full function and virulence of pathogenic bacteria. During O-repeating unit (RU) biosynthesis, committed glycosyltransferases (GTs) transfer various sugars from an activated sugar donor to the appropriate lipid carrier sequentially. While the nucleotide sequence specific for O antigen of pathogenic bacteria is already known, the exact substrate specificity of most hypothetical GTs have yet be characterized. In the present paper, we report the biochemical characterization of one alpha-glucosyltransferase, WfgE, a member of GT family 4. This enzyme is implicated in the pentasaccharide RU biosynthetic pathway of E. coli O152 O antigen. A chemoenzymatically synthesized acceptor (GlcGlcNAc α-PP-O(CH2)10CH3) was used to characterize the WfgE activity. The enzyme product was determined to have a 1,2-linkage using strategy based on collision-induced dissociation electrospray ionization ion trap multiple tandem MS (CID-ESI-IT-MSn). The lack of a DxD motif and its high activity without divalent metal ions suggests that WfgE belongs to the GT-B fold superfamily. The enzyme is specific for beta-glucose or galactose-terminating acceptor substrates, and in particular UDP-glucose but also UDP-galactose as donor substrates. Our results suggest that WfgE catalyses the addition of the third sugar residue of the E. coli O152 O-RU. The recombinant GST-WfgE was solubilized and further purified to homogeneity via GST affinity chromatography, paving the way for structure-function relationship studies.
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Synthesis of Phenoxyundecyl Diphosphate Disaccharides for Studies of the Biosynthesis of O Antigenic Polysaccharides in Enteric Bacteria. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1954:161-174. [PMID: 30864131 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9154-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of O antigenic polysaccharides in enteric bacteria from nucleoside diphosphate sugars (donor substrates) is catalyzed by the corresponding glycosyltransferases and proceeds through the intermediate formation of undecaprenyl diphosphate sugars (acceptor substrates). To study this process, a chemical synthesis of the compounds having the natural structure or their modified analogs is necessary. The phosphoroimidazolidate method is a universal method for synthesis of lipid diphosphate disaccharides containing 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglycosyl residue at the reducing end of the disaccharide moiety and 11-phenoxyundecyl residue as lipid fragment of the molecule. We report here protocols to synthesize the disaccharides P1-(11-phenoxyundecyl)-P2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-α-D-rhamnopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl) diphosphate [D-Rha(α1-3)-D-GlcNAcα-PP-PhU, Compound 1] and P1-(11-phenoxyundecyl)-P2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl) diphosphate [D-Gal(β1-3)-D-GalNAcα-PP-PhU, Compound 6]. We describe the procedures for identification and structure estimation of compounds by TLC, NMR, and MS. We also include the biochemical testing of Compound 6 with α2,3-sialyltransferase WbwA from Escherichia coli O104.
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Sharma S, Creuzenet C, Jarrell KF, Brockhausen I. Glycosyltransferase-Coupled Assays for 4-Epimerase WbpP from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1954:255-268. [PMID: 30864138 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9154-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The donor substrates for the biosynthesis of bacterial polysaccharides include UDP-Glc/Gal and UDP-GlcNAc/GalNAc. The conversion of these nucleotide sugars is catalyzed by 4-epimerases. The wbpP gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes a 4-epimerase that has a preference for UDP-GlcNAc/GalNAc as substrates. Other 4-epimerases have broad specificities or preference for UDP-Glc/Gal. We have developed coupled assays where the 4-epimerase product is used as a donor substrate for glycosyltransferases that are highly specific for the nucleotide sugar structure. We describe here a method for the study of substrate specificity of WbpP, using coupled assays employing four different glycosyltransferases. These protocols can be applied to the identification and characterization of novel 4-epimerases and to determine their substrate specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulav Sharma
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Carole Creuzenet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth F Jarrell
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Brockhausen I, Czuchry D. Enzymatic Synthesis of Repeating Unit Oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli O104. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1954:187-202. [PMID: 30864133 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9154-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli serotype O104:H4 (ECO104) is a potent intestinal pathogen that causes severe bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The O antigenic polysaccharides of ECO104 consist of repeating units with the structure [4Galα1-4Neu5,7,9Ac3α2-3Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-]n. These repeating units are assembled sequentially by specific glycosyltransferases on a diphosphate-undecaprenol intermediate. Internal structures include mimics of the human T and sialyl-T antigen. This protocol describes the in vitro synthesis of the repeating unit by β1,3-Gal-transferase WbwC, α2,3-sialyltransferase WbwA, and α1,4-Gal-transferase WbwB. All of these enzymes require acceptor substrates based on GalNAc-diphosphate-lipid. These methods are applicable for the assembly of bacterial polysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria that require sugar-diphosphate intermediates and are a basis for vaccine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Diana Czuchry
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Sharma S, Ding Y, Jarrell KF, Brockhausen I. Identification and characterization of the 4-epimerase AglW from the archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:525-535. [PMID: 30293150 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Archaea are ubiquitous single-cell microorganisms that have often adapted to harsh conditions and play important roles in biogeochemical cycles with potential applications in biotechnology. Methanococcus maripaludis, a methane-producing archaeon, is motile through multiple archaella on its cell surface. The major structural proteins (archaellins) of the archaellum are glycoproteins, modified with N-linked tetrasaccharides that are essential for the proper assembly and function of archaella. The aglW gene, encoding the putative 4-epimerase AglW, plays a key role in the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide. The goal of our work was to biochemically demonstrate the 4-epimerase activity of AglW, and to develop assays to determine its substrate specificity and properties. We carried out assays using UDP-Galactose, UDP-Glucose, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine/N-acetylgalactosamine-diphosphate - lipid as substrates, coupled with specific glycosyltransferases. We showed that AglW has a broad specificity towards UDP-sugars and that Tyr151 within a conserved YxxxK sequon is essential for the 4-epimerase function of AglW. The glycosyltransferase-coupled assays are generally useful for the identification and specificity studies of novel 4-epimerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulav Sharma
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ken F Jarrell
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Zdorovenko EL, Wang Y, Shashkov AS, Chen T, Ovchinnikova OG, Liu B, Golomidova AK, Babenko VV, Letarov AV, Knirel YA. O-Antigens of Escherichia coli Strains O81 and HS3-104 Are Structurally and Genetically Related, Except O-Antigen Glucosylation in E. coli HS3-104. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:534-541. [PMID: 29738687 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918050061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycerophosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharides (OPSs) were obtained by mild acidic degradation of lipopolysaccharides isolated from Escherichia coli type strain O81 and E. coli strain HS3-104 from horse feces. The structures of both OPSs and of the oligosaccharide derived from the strain O81 OPS by treatment with 48% HF were studied by monosaccharide analysis and one- and two-dimensional 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Both OPSs had similar structures and differed only in the presence of a side-chain glucose residue in the strain HS3-104 OPS. The genes and the organization of the O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster in both strains are almost identical with the exception of the gtr gene cluster responsible for glucosylations in the strain HS3-104, which is located elsewhere in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Zdorovenko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Y Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - A S Shashkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - T Chen
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - O G Ovchinnikova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - B Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - A K Golomidova
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia
| | - V V Babenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| | - A V Letarov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia.
| | - Y A Knirel
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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11
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Perepelov AV, Chen T, Senchenkova SN, Filatov AV, Song J, Shashkov AS, Liu B, Knirel YA. Structure and genetics of the O-specific polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O27. Carbohydr Res 2017; 456:1-4. [PMID: 29220644 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen) is a part of the lipopolysaccharide on the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria. The O-polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O27 and studied by sugar analysis and Smith degradation along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the branched hexasaccharide repeating unit was established, which is unique among known structures of bacterial polysaccharides:where GlcA is non-stoichiometrically O-acetylated at position 3 (∼22%) or 4 (∼37%). Functions of genes in the O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O27 were tentatively assigned by comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Perepelov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Tingting Chen
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Sofya N Senchenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V Filatov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Jingjie Song
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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12
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Torgov V, Danilov L, Utkina N, Veselovsky V, Brockhausen I. Synthesis of P 1-(11-phenoxyundecyl)-P 2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-α-D-rhamnopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl) diphosphate and P 1-(11-phenoxyundecyl)-P 2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl) diphosphate for the investigation of biosynthesis of O-antigenic polysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli O104. Carbohydr Res 2017; 453-454:19-25. [PMID: 29107815 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two new phenoxyundecyl diphosphate sugars were synthesized for the first time: P1-(11-phenoxyundecyl)-P2- (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-α-D-rhamnopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl) diphosphate and P1-(11-phenoxyundecyl)-P2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl) diphosphate to study the third step of biosynthesis of the repeating units of O-antigenic polysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.coli O104 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Torgov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Danilov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Utkina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Veselovsky
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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13
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Identification and biochemical characterization of WbwB, a novel UDP-Gal: Neu5Ac-R α1,4-galactosyltransferase from the intestinal pathogen Escherichia coli serotype O104. Glycoconj J 2017; 35:65-76. [PMID: 29063990 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal pathogen Escherichia coli serotype O104:H4 (ECO104) can cause bloody diarrhea and haemolytic uremic syndrome. The ECO104 O antigen has the unique repeating unit structure [4Galα1-4Neu5,7,9Ac3α2-3Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-], which includes the mammalian sialyl-T antigen as an internal structure. Previously, we identified WbwC from ECO104 as the β3Gal-transferase that synthesizes the T antigen, and showed that α3-sialyl-transferase WbwA transfers sialic acid to the T antigen. Here we identify the wbwB gene product as a unique α1,4-Gal-transferase WbwB that transfers Gal from UDP-Gal to the terminal sialic acid residue of Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAcα-diphosphate-lipid acceptor. NMR analysis of the WbwB enzyme reaction product indicated that Galα1-4Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAcα-diphosphate-lipid was synthesized. WbwB from ECO104 has a unique acceptor specificity for terminal sialic acid as well as the diphosphate group in the acceptor. The characterization studies showed that WbwB does not require divalent metal ion as a cofactor. Mutagenesis identified Lys243 within an RKR motif and both Glu315 and Glu323 of the fourth EX7E motif as essential for the activity. WbwB is the final glycosyltransferase in the biosynthesis pathway of the ECO104 antigen repeating unit. This work contributes to knowledge of the biosynthesis of bacterial virulence factors.
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14
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Chen C, Hou X, Utkina N, Danilov L, Zhou D, Torgov V, Veselovsky V, Liu B, Feng L. Identification and biochemical characterization of a novel α-1,3-mannosyltransferase WfcD from Escherichia coli O141. Carbohydr Res 2017; 443-444:78-86. [PMID: 28402841 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the formation of regio- and stereospecific glycosidic linkages between specific sugar donors and recipients. In this study, the function of the wfcD gene from the Escherichia coli O141 O-antigen gene cluster encoding an α-1,3-mannosyltransferase that catalyzed the formation of the linkage Man(α1-3)-GlcNAc was biochemically characterized. WfcD was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), and the enzymatic product was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), collision-induced dissociation electrospray ionization ion trap multiple tandem MS (CID-ESI-IT-MSn) and glycosidase digestion using the donor substrate GDP-Man and the synthetic acceptor substrate decyl diphosphate 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose (GlcNAc-PP-De). The kinetic and physiochemical properties and the substrate specificity of WfcD were investigated. WfcD is the first characterized bacterial mannosyltransferase that acts on the Man(α1-3)-GlcNAc linkage. This study enhances our knowledge of the diverse functions of GTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Xi Hou
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Natalia Utkina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid Danilov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dawei Zhou
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Vladimir Torgov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Veselovsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Lu Feng
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
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15
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Li L, Woodward RL, Han W, Qu J, Song J, Ma C, Wang PG. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the bacterial polysaccharide repeating unit undecaprenyl pyrophosphate and its analogs. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:1280-98. [PMID: 27336706 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are essential and immunologically relevant components of bacterial cell walls. These biomolecules can be found covalently attached to lipids (e.g., O-polysaccharide (PS) contains undecaprenyl and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contains lipid A) or noncovalently associated with cell wells (e.g., capsular PS (CPS)). Although extensive genetic studies have indicated that the Wzy-dependent biosynthetic pathway is primarily responsible for producing such polysaccharides, in vitro biochemical studies are needed to determine, for example, which gene product is responsible for catalyzing each step in the pathway, and to reveal molecular details about the Wzx translocase, Wzy polymerase and O-PS chain-length determinant. Many of these biochemical studies require access to a structurally well-defined PS repeating unit undecaprenyl pyrophosphate (RU-PP-Und), the key building block in this pathway. We describe herein the chemoenzymatic synthesis of Escherichia coli (serotype O157) RU-PP-Und. This involves (i) chemical synthesis of precursor N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc)-PP-Und (2 weeks) and (ii) enzymatic extension of the precursor to produce RU-PP-Und (2 weeks). Undecaprenyl phosphate and peracetylated GalNAc-1-phosphate are prepared from commercially available undecaprenol and peracetylated GalNAc. The chemical coupling of these two products, followed by structural confirmation (mass spectrometry and NMR) and deprotection, generates GalNAc-PP-Und. This compound is then sequentially modified by enzymes in the E. coli serotype O157 (E. coli O157) O-PS biosynthetic pathway. Three glycosyltransferases (GTs) are involved (WbdN, WbdO and WbdP) and they transfer glucose (Glc), L-fucose (L-Fuc) and N-acetylperosamine (PerNAc) onto GalNAc-PP-Und to form the intact RU-PP-Und in a stepwise manner. Final compounds and intermediates are confirmed by mass spectrometry. The procedure can be adapted to the synthesis of analogs with different PS or lipid moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics &Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert L Woodward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, USA
| | - Weiqing Han
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics &Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jingyao Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics &Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics &Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics &Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peng G Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics &Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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16
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Chen C, Liu B, Xu Y, Utkina N, Zhou D, Danilov L, Torgov V, Veselovsky V, Feng L. Biochemical characterization of the novel α-1, 3-galactosyltransferase WclR from Escherichia coli O3. Carbohydr Res 2016; 430:36-43. [PMID: 27196310 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the formation of regio- and stereo-specific glycosidic linkages between specific sugar donors and recipients. In this study, the function of the gene wclR from the Escherichia coli O3 O-antigen gene cluster that encodes an α 1, 3-galactosyltransferase (GalT) that acts on the linkage Gal α 1, 3-GlcNAc was biochemically characterized. WclR was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), and the enzymatic product was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), collision-induced dissociation electrospray ionization ion trap multiple tandem MS (CID-ESI-IT-MS(n)) and galactosidase digestion, using UDP-Gal as the donor substrate and the synthetic acceptor substrate GlcNAc-PP-De (decyl diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine). The physiochemical properties and the substrate specificity of WclR were investigated. WclR is the first bacterial GalT characterized that acts on the linkage Gal α 1, 3-GlcNAc. This study enhanced our knowledge of the diversified functions of GTs and provided a novel enzyme source for possible pharmaceutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongchang Xu
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Natalia Utkina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dawei Zhou
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Leonid Danilov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Torgov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Veselovsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lu Feng
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.
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17
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Identification and Biochemical Characterization of the Novel α2,3-Sialyltransferase WbwA from Pathogenic Escherichia coli Serotype O104. J Bacteriol 2015; 197:3760-8. [PMID: 26391208 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00521-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The sialyl-T antigen sialylα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAc is a common O-glycan structure in human glycoproteins and is synthesized by sialyltransferase ST3Gal1. The enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli serotype O104 has the rare ability to synthesize a sialyl-T antigen mimic. We showed here that the wbwA gene of the E. coli O104 antigen synthesis gene cluster encodes an α2,3-sialyltransferase WbwA that transfers sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to Galβ1-3GalNAcα-diphosphate-lipid acceptor. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of purified WbwA enzyme reaction product indicated that the sialyl-T antigen sialylα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAcα-diphosphate-lipid was synthesized. We showed that the conserved His-Pro (HP) motif and Glu/Asp residues of two EDG motifs in WbwA are important for the activity. The characterization studies showed that WbwA from E. coli O104 is a monofunctional α2,3-sialyltransferase and is distinct from human ST3Gal1 as well as all other known sialyltransferases due to its unique acceptor specificity. This work contributes to knowledge of the biosynthesis of bacterial virulence factors. IMPORTANCE This is the first characterization of a sialyltransferase involved in the synthesis of an O antigen in E. coli. The enzyme contributes to the mimicry of human sialyl-T antigen and has unique substrate specificity but very little sequence identity to other sialyltransferases. Thus, the bacterial sialyltransferase is related to the human counterpart only by the similarity of biochemical activity.
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18
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Vinnikova AN, Torgov VI, Utkina NS, Veselovsky VV, Druzhinina TN, Wang S, Danilov LL. [The synthesis of P1-[11-(anthracen-9-ylmethoxy)undecyl]-P2(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl) diphosphate and the study of its acceptor properties in the enzymic reaction catalyzed by D-rhamnosyltransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 41:121-3. [PMID: 26050480 DOI: 10.1134/s106816201501015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
P1-[11-(Anthracen-9-ylmethoxy)undecyl]-P2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl) diphosphate, a fluorescent derivative of undecyl diphosphate 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose, was chemically synthesized. The ability of the compound to serve as acceptor substrate of D-rhamnose residue in the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by D-rhamnosyltransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was demonstrated.
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19
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Biosynthesis of the Common Polysaccharide Antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1: Characterization and Role of GDP-D-Rhamnose:GlcNAc/GalNAc-Diphosphate-Lipid α1,3-D-Rhamnosyltransferase WbpZ. J Bacteriol 2015; 197:2012-9. [PMID: 25845842 DOI: 10.1128/jb.02590-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces two major cell surface lipopolysaccharides, characterized by distinct O antigens, called common polysaccharide antigen (CPA) and O-specific antigen (OSA). CPA contains a polymer of D-rhamnose (D-Rha) in α1-2 and α1-3 linkages. Three putative glycosyltransferase genes, wbpX, wbpY, and wbpZ, are part of the CPA biosynthesis cluster. To characterize the enzymatic function of the wbpZ gene product, we chemically synthesized the donor substrate GDP-D-Rha and enzymatically synthesized GDP-D-[(3)H]Rha. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we showed that WbpZ transferred one D-Rha residue from GDP-D-Rha in α1-3 linkage to both GlcNAc- and GalNAc-diphosphate-lipid acceptor substrates. WbpZ is also capable of transferring D-mannose (D-Man) to these acceptors. Therefore, WbpZ has a relaxed specificity with respect to both acceptor and donor substrates. The diphosphate group of the acceptor, however, is required for activity. WbpZ does not require divalent metal ion for activity and exhibits an unusually high pH optimum of 9. WbpZ from PAO1 is therefore a GDP-D-Rha:GlcNAc/GalNAc-diphosphate-lipid α1,3-D-rhamnosyltransferase that has significant activity of GDP-D-Man:GlcNAc/GalNAc-diphosphate-lipid α1,3-D-mannosyltransferase. We used site-directed mutagenesis to replace the Asp residues of the two DXD motifs with Ala. Neither of the mutant constructs of wbpZ (D172A or D254A) could be used to rescue CPA biosynthesis in the ΔwbpZ knockout mutant in a complementation assay. This suggested that D172 and D254 are essential for WbpZ function. This work is the first detailed characterization study of a D-Rha-transferase and a critical step in the development of CPA synthesis inhibitors. IMPORTANCE This is the first characterization of a D-rhamnosyltransferase and shows that it is essential in Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the synthesis of the common polysaccharide antigen.
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20
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Vinnikova AN, Demirova KA, Druzhinina TN, Veselovsky VV. New fluorescent analogs of bacterial undecaprenyldiphosphate galactose. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Brockhausen I. Crossroads between Bacterial and Mammalian Glycosyltransferases. Front Immunol 2014; 5:492. [PMID: 25368613 PMCID: PMC4202792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial glycosyltransferases (GT) often synthesize the same glycan linkages as mammalian GT; yet, they usually have very little sequence identity. Nevertheless, enzymatic properties, folding, substrate specificities, and catalytic mechanisms of these enzyme proteins may have significant similarity. Thus, bacterial GT can be utilized for the enzymatic synthesis of both bacterial and mammalian types of complex glycan structures. A comparison is made here between mammalian and bacterial enzymes that synthesize epitopes found in mammalian glycoproteins, and those found in the O antigens of Gram-negative bacteria. These epitopes include Thomsen–Friedenreich (TF or T) antigen, blood group O, A, and B, type 1 and 2 chains, Lewis antigens, sialylated and fucosylated structures, and polysialic acids. Many different approaches can be taken to investigate the substrate binding and catalytic mechanisms of GT, including crystal structure analyses, mutations, comparison of amino acid sequences, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Knowledge of the protein structures and functions helps to design GT for specific glycan synthesis and to develop inhibitors. The goals are to develop new strategies to reduce bacterial virulence and to synthesize vaccines and other biologically active glycan structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University , Kingston, ON , Canada ; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, ON , Canada
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22
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Wang S, Czuchry D, Liu B, Vinnikova AN, Gao Y, Vlahakis JZ, Szarek WA, Wang L, Feng L, Brockhausen I. Characterization of two UDP-Gal:GalNAc-diphosphate-lipid β1,3-galactosyltransferases WbwC from Escherichia coli serotypes O104 and O5. J Bacteriol 2014; 196:3122-33. [PMID: 24957618 PMCID: PMC4135647 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01698-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli displays O antigens on the outer membrane that play an important role in bacterial interactions with the environment. The O antigens of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O104 and O5 contain a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide at the reducing end of the repeating unit. Several other O antigens contain this disaccharide, which is identical to the mammalian O-glycan core 1 or the cancer-associated Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen. We identified the wbwC genes responsible for the synthesis of the disaccharide in E. coli serotypes O104 and O5. To functionally characterize WbwC, an acceptor substrate analog, GalNAcα-diphosphate-phenylundecyl, was synthesized. WbwC reaction products were isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and analyzed by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, galactosidase and O-glycanase digestion, and anti-TF antibody. The results clearly showed that the Galβ1-3GalNAcα linkage was synthesized, confirming WbwCECO104 and WbwCECO5 as UDP-Gal:GalNAcα-diphosphate-lipid β1,3-Gal-transferases. Sequence analysis revealed a conserved DxDD motif, and mutagenesis showed the importance of these Asp residues in catalysis. The purified enzymes require divalent cations (Mn(2+)) for activity and are specific for UDP-Gal and GalNAc-diphosphate lipid substrates. WbwC was inhibited by bis-imidazolium salts having aliphatic chains of 18 to 22 carbons. This work will help to elucidate mechanisms of polysaccharide synthesis in pathogenic bacteria and provide technology for vaccine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Czuchry
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anna N Vinnikova
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yin Gao
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Z Vlahakis
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter A Szarek
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Feng
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Danilov LL, Balagurova NM, Vinnikova AN, Utkina NS, Torgov VI, Kalinchuk NA, Druzhinina TN, Veselovsky VV. [Synthesis of 11-[(2-pyridyl)amino]- and 11-[(9-anthracenylcarbonyl)amino]undecyl phosphate and investigation of their acceptor properties in the enzymic reaction catalyzed by galactosylphosphotransferases from Salmonella]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014; 40:99-107. [PMID: 25898728 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162014010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
11-[(2-Pyridyl)amino]undecyl phosphate and 11-[(9-anthracenylcarbonyl)amino]undecyl phosphate were chemically synthesized. The abiliy of these new fluorescent derivatives of undecyl phosphate to serve as acceptor substrate of galactosyl phosphate residue in the enzymic reaction catalyzed by galactosylphosphotransferase from Salmonella anatum or Salmonella newport membrane preparation was demonstrated.
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24
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Wang S, Tanaka H, Hindsgaul O, Lam JS, Brockhausen I. A convenient synthesis of GDP-D-rhamnose: the donor substrate for D-rhamnosyltransferase WbpZ from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3491-5. [PMID: 23664878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gram negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that are critical for their survival. LPS molecules are composed of antigenic exopolysaccharide chains (O antigens). We are interested in discovering the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of O antigens in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The common polysaccharide antigen contains α-linked D-rhamnose residues. We have now synthesized GDP-D-rhamnose by a convenient synthesis in aqueous solution, and have shown that it can be used without extensive purification as the donor substrate for D-rhamnosyltransferase (WbpZ) from the P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. The availability of this nucleotide sugar preparation allows for characterization of D-rhamnosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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25
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Gao Y, Vinnikova A, Brockhausen I. Functional identification of bacterial glucosyltransferase WbdN. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1022:199-214. [PMID: 23765664 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-465-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is stabilized by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The O-antigenic polysaccharides of LPS are composed of repeating units that are exposed to and can interact with the environment. The glycosyltransferases that assemble these repeating units are encoded by the O-antigen gene cluster and utilize undecaprenol-phosphate-linked intermediates as natural acceptor substrates, and nucleotide sugars as donor substrates on the cytoplasmic face of the inner membrane. Many of the glycosyltransferase genes are known but the enzymatic functions of most of them remain to be identified. We describe here how the function of a recombinant glucosyltransferase WbdN from Escherichia coli O157 can be determined by NMR analysis of the enzyme product, using a synthetic acceptor substrate analog. A fluorescent acceptor substrate analog can be used in highly sensitive enzyme assays that allow the characterization of enzyme activity without the use of radioactive nucleotide sugar donor substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Gao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Synthesis of a fluorescent acceptor substrate for glycosyltransferases involved in the assembly of O-antigens of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 and O5. Carbohydr Res 2013; 366:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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