1
|
Takeda-Uchimura Y, Ikezaki M, Akama TO, Ihara Y, Allain F, Nishitsuji K, Uchimura K. GlcNAc6ST2/CHST4 Is Essential for the Synthesis of R-10G-Reactive Keratan Sulfate/Sulfated N-Acetyllactosamine Oligosaccharides in Mouse Pleural Mesothelium. Molecules 2024; 29:764. [PMID: 38398516 PMCID: PMC10893525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that 6-sulfo sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) in O-linked glycans recognized by the CL40 antibody is abundant in the pleural mesothelium under physiological conditions and that these glycans undergo complementary synthesis by GlcNAc6ST2 (encoded by Chst4) and GlcNAc6ST3 (encoded by Chst5) in mice. GlcNAc6ST3 is essential for the synthesis of R-10G-positive keratan sulfate (KS) in the brain. The predicted minimum epitope of the R-10G antibody is a dimeric asialo 6-sulfo LacNAc. Whether R-10G-reactive KS/sulfated LacNAc oligosaccharides are also present in the pleural mesothelium was unknown. The question of which GlcNAc6STs are responsible for R-10G-reactive glycans was an additional issue to be clarified. Here, we show that R-10G-reactive glycans are as abundant in the pulmonary pleura as CL40-reactive glycans and that GlcNAc6ST3 is only partially involved in the synthesis of these pleural R-10G glycans, unlike in the adult brain. Unexpectedly, GlcNAc6ST2 is essential for the synthesis of R-10G-positive KS/sulfated LacNAc oligosaccharides in the lung pleura. The type of GlcNAc6ST and the magnitude of its contribution to KS glycan synthesis varied among tissues in vivo. We show that GlcNAc6ST2 is required and sufficient for R-10G-reactive KS synthesis in the lung pleura. Interestingly, R-10G immunoreactivity in KSGal6ST (encoded by Chst1) and C6ST1 (encoded by Chst3) double-deficient mouse lungs was markedly increased. MUC16, a mucin molecule, was shown to be a candidate carrier protein for pleural R-10G-reactive glycans. These results suggest that R-10G-reactive KS/sulfated LacNAc oligosaccharides may play a role in mesothelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Further elucidation of the functions of sulfated glycans synthesized by GlcNAc6ST2 and GlcNAc6ST3, such as R-10G and CL40 glycans, in pathological conditions may lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the physiopathology of the lung mesothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Takeda-Uchimura
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.); or (K.N.)
| | - Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.I.)
| | - Tomoya O. Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 570-8506, Japan;
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.I.)
| | - Fabrice Allain
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.); or (K.N.)
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.); or (K.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.I.)
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.); or (K.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun L, Konstantinidi A, Ye Z, Nason R, Zhang Y, Büll C, Kahl-Knutson B, Hansen L, Leffler H, Vakhrushev SY, Yang Z, Clausen H, Narimatsu Y. Installation of O-glycan sulfation capacities in human HEK293 cells for display of sulfated mucins. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101382. [PMID: 34954141 PMCID: PMC8789585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains at least 35 genes that encode Golgi sulfotransferases that function in the secretory pathway, where they are involved in decorating glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids, and glycoproteins with sulfate groups. Although a number of important interactions by proteins such as selectins, galectins, and sialic acid–binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are thought to mainly rely on sulfated O-glycans, our insight into the sulfotransferases that modify these glycoproteins, and in particular GalNAc-type O-glycoproteins, is limited. Moreover, sulfated mucins appear to accumulate in respiratory diseases, arthritis, and cancer. To explore further the genetic and biosynthetic regulation of sulfated O-glycans, here we expanded a cell-based glycan array in the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell line with sulfation capacities. We stably engineered O-glycan sulfation capacities in HEK293 cells by site-directed knockin of sulfotransferase genes in combination with knockout of genes to eliminate endogenous O-glycan branching (core2 synthase gene GCNT1) and/or sialylation capacities in order to provide simplified substrates (core1 Galβ1–3GalNAcα1–O-Ser/Thr) for the introduced sulfotransferases. Expression of the galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 in HEK293 cells resulted in sulfation of core1 and core2 O-glycans, whereas expression of galactose 3-O-sulfotransferase 4 resulted in sulfation of core1 only. We used the engineered cell library to dissect the binding specificity of galectin-4 and confirmed binding to the 3-O-sulfo-core1 O-glycan. This is a first step toward expanding the emerging cell-based glycan arrays with the important sulfation modification for display and production of glycoconjugates with sulfated O-glycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Sun
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Andriana Konstantinidi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Nason
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Jan Waldenströms gata 25, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christian Büll
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Barbro Kahl-Knutson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heikema AP, Strepis N, Horst-Kreft D, Huynh S, Zomer A, Kelly DJ, Cooper KK, Parker CT. Biomolecule sulphation and novel methylations related to Guillain-Barré syndrome-associated Campylobacter jejuni serotype HS:19. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34723785 PMCID: PMC8743553 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni strains that produce sialylated lipooligosaccharides (LOS) can cause the immune-mediated disease Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The risk of GBS after infection with C. jejuni Penner serotype HS:19 is estimated to be at least six times higher than the average risk. Aside from LOS biosynthesis genes, genomic characteristics that promote an increased risk for GBS following C. jejuni HS:19 infection, remain uncharacterized. We hypothesized that strains with the HS:19 serotype have unique genomic features that explain the increased risk for GBS. We performed genome sequencing, alignments, single nucleotide polymorphisms' analysis and methylome characterization on a subset, and pan-genome analysis on a large number of genomes to compare HS:19 with non-HS:19 C. jejuni genome sequences. Comparison of 36 C. jejuni HS:19 with 874 C. jejuni non-HS:19 genome sequences led to the identification of three single genes and ten clusters containing contiguous genes that were significantly associated with C. jejuni HS:19. One gene cluster of seven genes, localized downstream of the capsular biosynthesis locus, was related to sulphation of biomolecules. This cluster also encoded the campylobacter sialyl transferase Cst-I. Interestingly, sulphated bacterial biomolecules such as polysaccharides can promote immune responses and, therefore, (in the presence of sialic acid) may play a role in the development of GBS. Additional gene clusters included those involved in persistence-mediated pathogenicity and gene clusters involved in restriction-modification systems. Furthermore, characterization of methylomes of two HS:19 strains exhibited novel methylation patterns (5′-CATG-3 and 5′-m6AGTNNNNNNRTTG-3) that could differentially effect gene-expression patterns of C. jejuni HS:19 strains. Our study provides novel insight into specific genetic features and possible virulence factors of C. jejuni associated with the HS:19 serotype that may explain the increased risk of GBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid P. Heikema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Astrid P. Heikema,
| | - Nikolaos Strepis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Horst-Kreft
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Aldert Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kerry K. Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Craig T. Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
- *Correspondence: Craig T. Parker,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kogami A, Fukushima M, Hoshino H, Komeno T, Okoshi T, Murahashi M, Akama TO, Mitoma J, Ohtani H, Kobayashi M. The Conspicuousness of High Endothelial Venules in Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma Is Due to Increased Cross-sectional Area, Not Increased Distribution Density. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:645-657. [PMID: 34617807 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211048551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a T-cell lymphoma of follicular helper T-cell origin. Histologically, neoplastic T-cells proliferate to form clusters adjacent to or between arborizing high endothelial venules (HEVs). HEVs in normal lymph nodes express sulfated glycans called peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd); however, it remains unclear whether PNAd is also expressed on HEVs in AITL. Furthermore, although it is widely accepted that HEVs are conspicuous in AITL due to their proliferation, quantitative histological support for this concept is lacking. To investigate these issues, we employed monoclonal antibodies recognizing PNAd, namely, MECA-79, HECA-452, and 297-11A, and performed quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of HEVs in 36 AITL-affected and 67 normal lymph nodes. Staining with all three antibodies confirmed that AITL HEVs express PNAd. Moreover, AITL HEVs were bound calcium-dependently by L-selectin-IgM fusion proteins, indicating that they function in the recruitment of L-selectin-expressing lymphocytes. Unexpectedly, HEV distribution density was not increased but rather decreased in AITL compared with normal lymph nodes, but HEV cross-sectional area in AITL was significantly greater than that seen in normal lymph nodes. Overall, these results indicate that the prominence of AITL HEVs is likely due to increased cross-sectional area rather than increased distribution density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiya Kogami
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Mana Fukushima
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan.,Omachi Municipal General Hospital, Omachi, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hoshino
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Takuya Komeno
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Okoshi
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masataka Murahashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Tomoya O Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Junya Mitoma
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, School of Medical Life Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Haruo Ohtani
- Department of Pathology, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, Mito, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan.,Omachi Municipal General Hospital, Omachi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Büll C, Nason R, Sun L, Van Coillie J, Madriz Sørensen D, Moons SJ, Yang Z, Arbitman S, Fernandes SM, Furukawa S, McBride R, Nycholat CM, Adema GJ, Paulson JC, Schnaar RL, Boltje TJ, Clausen H, Narimatsu Y. Probing the binding specificities of human Siglecs by cell-based glycan arrays. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2026102118. [PMID: 33893239 PMCID: PMC8092401 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs are a family of sialic acid-binding receptors expressed by cells of the immune system and a few other cell types capable of modulating immune cell functions upon recognition of sialoglycan ligands. While human Siglecs primarily bind to sialic acid residues on diverse types of glycoproteins and glycolipids that constitute the sialome, their fine binding specificities for elaborated complex glycan structures and the contribution of the glycoconjugate and protein context for recognition of sialoglycans at the cell surface are not fully elucidated. Here, we generated a library of isogenic human HEK293 cells with combinatorial loss/gain of individual sialyltransferase genes and the introduction of sulfotransferases for display of the human sialome and to dissect Siglec interactions in the natural context of glycoconjugates at the cell surface. We found that Siglec-4/7/15 all have distinct binding preferences for sialylated GalNAc-type O-glycans but exhibit selectivity for patterns of O-glycans as presented on distinct protein sequences. We discovered that the sulfotransferase CHST1 drives sialoglycan binding of Siglec-3/8/7/15 and that sulfation can impact the preferences for binding to O-glycan patterns. In particular, the branched Neu5Acα2-3(6-O-sulfo)Galβ1-4GlcNAc (6'-Su-SLacNAc) epitope was discovered as the binding epitope for Siglec-3 (CD33) implicated in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The cell-based display of the human sialome provides a versatile discovery platform that enables dissection of the genetic and biosynthetic basis for the Siglec glycan interactome and other sialic acid-binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Büll
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Nason
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lingbo Sun
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Van Coillie
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Madriz Sørensen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sam J Moons
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven Arbitman
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Steve M Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Sanae Furukawa
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryan McBride
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Corwin M Nycholat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, 2100 N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Jiang M, Zhou J, Ding J, Guo Z, Li M, Ding F, Chai W, Yan J, Liang X. Characterization of rat and mouse acidic milk oligosaccharides based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117734. [PMID: 33673995 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are one of the most important components in mammalian milk. Milk oligosaccharides can promote colonization of gut microbiota and protect newborns from infections. The diversity and structures of MOs differ among mammalian species. MOs in human and farm animals have been well-documented. However, the knowledge on MOs in rat and mouse have been very limited even though they are the most-widely used models for studies of human physiology and disease. Herein, we use a high-sensitivity online solid-phase extraction and HILIC coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the acidic MOs in rat and mouse. Among the fifteen MOs identified, twelve were reported for the first time in rat and mouse together with two novel sulphated oligosaccharides. The complete list of acidic oligosaccharides present in rat and mouse milk is the baseline information of these animals and should contribute to biological/biomedical studies using rats and mice as models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Maorong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - JiaoRui Zhou
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Junjie Ding
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu SY, Snovida S, Khoo KH. Permethylation and Microfractionation of Sulfated Glycans for MS Analysis. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3617. [PMID: 33659290 PMCID: PMC7842599 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfated glycans are barely detectable in routine mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic analysis due to ion suppression by the significantly more abundant neutral glycans in the positive ion mode, and sialylated non-sulfated glycans in the negative ion mode, respectively. Nevertheless, the negative charge imparted by sulfate can be advantageous for selective detection in the negative ion mode if the sialic acids can first be neutralized. This is most conveniently achieved by a concerted sample preparation workflow in which permethylation is followed by solid phase fractionation to isolate the sulfated glycans prior to MS analysis. Importantly, we demonstrated that conventional NaOH/DMSO slurry permethylation method can retain the sulfates. Instead of extracting permethylated glycans into chloroform for sample clean-up, reverse phase C18 cartridge coupled with self-packed amine-tip or mixed mode weak anion exchange cartridge can be utilized to obtain in good yield the non-sulfated, mono-sulfated, and multiply sulfated permethylated glycans in separate fractions for sulfoglycomic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Yu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 –UGSF- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Sergei Snovida
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Preferential expression of sialyl 6'-sulfo N-acetyllactosamine-capped O-glycans on high endothelial venules in human peripheral lymph nodes. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1428-1441. [PMID: 31148596 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte "homing", the physiologic trafficking of lymphocytes from the circulation to secondary lymphoid organs, is regulated by sequential adhesive interactions between lymphocytes and endothelial cells that constitute high endothelial venules (HEVs). Initial lymphocyte "rolling" is mediated by relatively weak, transient adhesive interactions between L-selectin expressed on lymphocytes and sulfated mucin-type O-glycans expressed on HEVs. Keratan sulfate galactose (Gal)-6-O-sulfotransferase (KSGal6ST) catalyzes 6-O-sulfation of Gal in keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains but also transfers sulfate to Gal in much shorter glycan chains, such as sialylated N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc)-capped O-glycans. In mice, KSGal6ST is reportedly expressed in HEVs and functions in synthesizing 6-sulfo Gal-containing O-glycans on HEVs. However, in humans, the presence of 6-sulfo Gal-containing O-glycans on HEVs is not reported. Employing the newly developed monoclonal antibody 297-11A, which recognizes non-sialylated terminal 6'-sulfo LacNAc, we demonstrate that sialyl 6'-sulfo (and/or 6,6'-disulfo) LacNAc-capped O-glycans are preferentially displayed on HEVs in human peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) and to a lesser extent in mesenteric LNs (MLNs) but not in Peyer's patches (PPs). We also found that the scaffold protein mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1), which is expressed on HEVs in PPs and MLNs but not PLNs, was modified by 297-11A-positive sulfated glycans less efficiently than was CD34. Moreover, 297-11A-positive sulfated glycans were also displayed on HEV-like vessels induced in tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) aggregates formed in various cancers. These findings collectively indicate that 297-11A-positive sulfated glycans potentially play a role in physiologic lymphocyte homing as well as in lymphocyte recruitment under pathologic conditions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Dutta S, Aoki K, Doungkamchan K, Tiemeyer M, Bovin N, Miller DJ. Sulfated Lewis A trisaccharide on oviduct membrane glycoproteins binds bovine sperm and lengthens sperm lifespan. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13445-13463. [PMID: 31337705 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A fraction of sperm deposited at mating or insemination reaches the oviduct isthmus, where sperm are retained and thereby form a reservoir. This reservoir delays capacitation, prevents polyspermy, selects a fertile population of sperm, and, foremost, increases sperm lifespan. The molecular interactions underlying the formation of a sperm reservoir are becoming clearer in mammals. Sperm lectins bind to oviductal glycans to form the reservoir. Herein, we found that the highest percentage of bovine sperm bound to the 3'-O-sulfated form of Lewis A (suLeA) trisaccharide and sialylated Lewis A and that fluoresceinated versions of each localized to receptors on the anterior head of the sperm. Following capacitation, binding to suLeA decreased significantly, a potential explanation for sperm release from the reservoir. MS and immunohistochemistry analyses indicated that suLeA motifs were present predominantly on O-linked glycans initiated by GalNAc residues, but no sialylated Lewis A was detected. To determine whether sperm binding to isolated suLeA in vitro could mimic in vivo sperm binding to oviduct cells and increase sperm longevity, we immobilized suLeA and incubated it with sperm. Using free-swimming sperm and sperm bound to immobilized laminin as controls, we observed that over 96 h, the viability of free-swimming sperm decreased to 10%, and that of sperm bound to immobilized laminin decreased to about 50%, whereas viability of sperm bound to immobilized suLeA was highest throughout the incubation and 60% at 96 h. These results indicate that bovine sperm binding to oviduct suLeA retains sperm for reservoir formation and extends sperm lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Dutta
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Kankanit Doungkamchan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Nicolai Bovin
- Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - David J Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu SY, Hsiao CT, Izawa M, Yusa A, Ishida H, Nakamura S, Yagi H, Kannagi R, Khoo KH. Distinct substrate specificities of human GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases revealed by mass spectrometry-based sulfoglycomic analysis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15163-15177. [PMID: 30093410 PMCID: PMC6166739 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated glycans are known to be involved in several glycan-mediated cell adhesion and recognition pathways. Our mRNA transcript analyses on the genes involved in synthesizing GlcNAc-6-O-sulfated glycans in human colon cancer tissues indicated that GlcNAc6ST-2 (CHST4) is preferentially expressed in cancer cells compared with nonmalignant epithelial cells among the three known major GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferases. On the contrary, GlcNAc6ST-3 (CHST5) was only expressed in nonmalignant epithelial cells, whereas GlcNAc6ST-1 (CHST2) was expressed equally in both cancerous and nonmalignant epithelial cells. These results suggest that 6-O-sulfated glycans that are synthesized only by GlcNAc6ST-2 may be highly colon cancer-specific, as supported by immunohistochemical staining of cancer cells using the MECA-79 antibody known to be relatively specific to the enzymatic reaction products of GlcNAc6ST-2. By more precise MS-based sulfoglycomic analyses, we sought to further infer the substrate specificities of GlcNAc6STs via a definitive mapping of various sulfo-glycotopes and O-glycan structures expressed in response to overexpression of transfected GlcNAc6STs in the SW480 colon cancer cell line. By detailed MS/MS sequencing, GlcNAc6ST-3 was shown to preferentially add sulfate onto core 2-based O-glycan structures, but it does not act on extended core 1 structures, whereas GlcNAc6ST-1 prefers core 2-based O-glycans to extended core 1 structures. In contrast, GlcNAc6ST-2 could efficiently add sulfate onto both extended core 1- and core 2-based O-glycans, leading to the production of unique sulfated extended core 1 structures such as R-GlcNAc(6-SO3-)β1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc(6-SO3-)β1-3Galβ1-3GalNAcα, which are good candidates to be targeted as cancer-specific glycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Yu
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry and
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Akiko Yusa
- the Department of Molecular Pathology and
| | - Hiroji Ishida
- Laboratory for Clinical Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan, and
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Laboratory for Clinical Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan, and
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan,
- the Department of Molecular Pathology and
- Laboratory for Clinical Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan, and
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Low S, Hirakawa J, Hoshino H, Uchimura K, Kawashima H, Kobayashi M. Role of MAdCAM-1-Expressing High Endothelial Venule-Like Vessels in Colitis Induced in Mice Lacking Sulfotransferases Catalyzing L-Selectin Ligand Biosynthesis. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:415-425. [PMID: 29350564 PMCID: PMC5977439 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417753363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease histologically characterized by diffuse mononuclear cell infiltrates in colonic mucosa. These inflammatory cells are considered to be recruited via high endothelial venule (HEV)-like vessels displaying mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1), the ligand for α4β7 integrin, and/or peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd), an L-selectin ligand. 6- O-sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine in the carbohydrate moiety of PNAd is catalyzed exclusively by N-acetylglucosamine-6- O-sulfotransferase 1 (GlcNAc6ST-1) and GlcNAc6ST-2. To determine the role of 6- O-sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine on HEV-like vessels in UC, we used a chronic dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis model using mice deficient in both GlcNAc6ST-1 and GlcNAc6ST-2. We found that more inflammatory cells, with expression of tumor necrosis factor α, were infiltrated in double knockout mouse colitis compared with that in wild-type mice. Moreover, the number of MAdCAM-1-positive vessels was increased in double knockout mouse colitis, and these vessels were bound by E-selectin•IgM chimeras that bind to unsulfated sialyl Lewis X (sLeX). These findings suggest that interactions between MAdCAM-1 and α4β7 integrin and/or unsulfated sLeX and L-selectin may become a dominant mechanism for inflammatory cell recruitment in the absence of 6-sulfo sLeX and contribute to more severe colitis phenotypes seen in double knockout mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Low
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Jotaro Hirakawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hoshino
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kawashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumagai T, Kiwamoto T, Brummet ME, Wu F, Aoki K, Zhu Z, Bochner BS, Tiemeyer M. Airway glycomic and allergic inflammatory consequences resulting from keratan sulfate galactose 6-O-sulfotransferase (CHST1) deficiency. Glycobiology 2018; 28:406-417. [PMID: 29659839 PMCID: PMC5967469 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Siglec-F is a pro-apoptotic receptor on mouse eosinophils that recognizes 6'-sulfated sialyl Lewis X and 6'-sulfated sialyl N-acetyl-lactosamine as well as multivalent sialyl N-acetyl-lactosamine structures on glycan arrays. We hypothesized that attenuation of the carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1 (CHST1) gene encoding keratan sulfate galactose 6-O-sulfotransferase, an enzyme likely required for 6'-sulfation of some of these putative Siglec-F glycan ligands, would result in decreased Siglec-F lung ligand levels and enhanced allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation. Tissue analysis detected CHST1 expression predominantly not only in parenchymal cells but not in airway epithelium, the latter being a location where Siglec-F ligands are located. Western blotting of lung extracts with Siglec-F-Fc fusion proteins detected ≈500 kDa and ≈200 kDa candidate Siglec-F ligands that were not appreciably altered in CHST1-/- lungs compared with normal mouse lungs. Characterization of the O-linked glycans of lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid detected altered sialylation but minimal change in sulfation. Eosinophilic airway inflammation was induced in wild-type (WT) and CHST1-/- mice via sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) and repeated airway challenge. After OVA sensitization and challenge, Siglec-F ligands on airway cells, and numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils accumulating in the airways, both increased to a similar degree in WT and CHST1-/- mouse lungs, while macrophages and lymphocytes increased significantly more in CHST1-/- mouse airway compared with normal mouse lungs. Therefore, keratan sulfate galactose 6-O-sulfotransferase does not contribute to the synthesis of glycan ligands for Siglec-F in the airways, although its absence results in exaggerated accumulation of airway macrophages and lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Kumagai
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Takumi Kiwamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Mary E Brummet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 E. Huron Street, Room M-306, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, B122 Life Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Juszczak GR, Stankiewicz AM. Glucocorticoids, genes and brain function. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:136-168. [PMID: 29180230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification of key genes in transcriptomic data constitutes a huge challenge. Our review of microarray reports revealed 88 genes whose transcription is consistently regulated by glucocorticoids (GCs), such as cortisol, corticosterone and dexamethasone, in the brain. Replicable transcriptomic data were combined with biochemical and physiological data to create an integrated view of the effects induced by GCs. The most frequently reported genes were Errfi1 and Ddit4. Their up-regulation was associated with the altered transcription of genes regulating growth factor and mTORC1 signaling (Gab1, Tsc22d3, Dusp1, Ndrg2, Ppp5c and Sesn1) and progression of the cell cycle (Ccnd1, Cdkn1a and Cables1). The GC-induced reprogramming of cell function involves changes in the mRNA level of genes responsible for the regulation of transcription (Klf9, Bcl6, Klf15, Tle3, Cxxc5, Litaf, Tle4, Jun, Sox4, Sox2, Sox9, Irf1, Sall2, Nfkbia and Id1) and the selective degradation of mRNA (Tob2). Other genes are involved in the regulation of metabolism (Gpd1, Aldoc and Pdk4), actin cytoskeleton (Myh2, Nedd9, Mical2, Rhou, Arl4d, Osbpl3, Arhgef3, Sdc4, Rdx, Wipf3, Chst1 and Hepacam), autophagy (Eva1a and Plekhf1), vesicular transport (Rhob, Ehd3, Vps37b and Scamp2), gap junctions (Gjb6), immune response (Tiparp, Mertk, Lyve1 and Il6r), signaling mediated by thyroid hormones (Thra and Sult1a1), calcium (Calm2), adrenaline/noradrenaline (Adcy9 and Adra1d), neuropeptide Y (Npy1r) and histamine (Hdc). GCs also affected genes involved in the synthesis of polyamines (Azin1) and taurine (Cdo1). The actions of GCs are restrained by feedback mechanisms depending on the transcription of Sgk1, Fkbp5 and Nr3c1. A side effect induced by GCs is increased production of reactive oxygen species. Available data show that the brain's response to GCs is part of an emergency mode characterized by inactivation of non-core activities, restrained inflammation, restriction of investments (growth), improved efficiency of energy production and the removal of unnecessary or malfunctioning cellular components to conserve energy and maintain nutrient supply during the stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz R Juszczak
- Department of Animal Behavior, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Adrian M Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen JY, Huang HH, Yu SY, Wu SJ, Kannagi R, Khoo KH. Concerted mass spectrometry-based glycomic approach for precision mapping of sulfo sialylated N-glycans on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymphocytes. Glycobiology 2017; 28:9-20. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-You Chen
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Huang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ju Wu
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Z, Ohtake-Niimi S, Kadomatsu K, Uchimura K. Reduced molecular size and altered disaccharide composition of cerebral chondroitin sulfate upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis in mice. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2016; 78:293-301. [PMID: 27578913 PMCID: PMC4995275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disorder leading to cognitive impairment and neuronal loss. Cerebral extracellular accumulation and deposition of amyloid ß plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is an extracellular component abundant in the brain. CS is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to a core protein, forming chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. The structure of CS is heterogeneous with sulfation modification and elongation of the chain. The structural diversity of CS allows it to play various roles in the brain. Increasing evidence has shown that CS promotes aggregation of amyloid ß peptides into higher-order species such as insoluble amyloid ß fibrils. Difficulties in the structural analysis of brain CS, as well as its heterogeneity, limit the study of potential roles of CS in AD pathology. Here we established a microanalysis method with reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography and found that CS in the brains of Tg2576 AD model mice show a lower molecular size and an increased ratio of CS-B motif di-sulfated disaccharide. Our findings provide insight into the structural changes of cerebral CS upon Alzheimer's pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiori Ohtake-Niimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Foyez T, Takeda-Uchimura Y, Ishigaki S, Narentuya, Zhang Z, Sobue G, Kadomatsu K, Uchimura K. Microglial keratan sulfate epitope elicits in central nervous tissues of transgenic model mice and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:3053-65. [PMID: 26362733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The functional role of 5D4 antibody-reactive keratan sulfate (KS) in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is unknown. We therefore studied the expression of 5D4-reactive KS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a motor neuron-degenerative disease, with the use of SOD1(G93A) ALS model mice and patients with ALS. Histochemical and immunoelectron microscopic characterizations showed that the 5D4-reactive KS is expressed in Mac2/galectin-3-positive activated or proliferating microglia of SOD1(G93A) ALS model mice at disease end stage and that the KS is an O-linked glycan modified with sialic acid and fucose, which was thus far shown to exist in cartilage. Intriguingly, microglial KS was detected in the spinal cord and brainstem but not in the cerebral cortex of SOD1(G93A) mice. We found that KSGal6ST, a galactose-6-sulfotransferase, is required for biosynthesis of the microglial 5D4-reactive KS by generating SOD1(G93A)/KSGal6ST(-/-) mice. The requirement of GlcNAc6ST1 for this synthesis was corroborated by analyzing SOD1(G93A)/GlcNAc6ST1(-/-) mice. These results indicate that both galactose-6- and N acteylglucosamine-6-sulfated KS elicited in the spinal cord and brainstem are associated with the degeneration of spinal and bulbar lower motor neurons in ALS pathology and may play a role in disease progression via microglial activation and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Foyez
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Shinsuke Ishigaki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Narentuya
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Zui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Luangpraseuth-Prosper A, Lesueur E, Jouneau L, Pailhoux E, Cotinot C, Mandon-Pépin B. TOPAZ1, a germ cell specific factor, is essential for male meiotic progression. Dev Biol 2015; 406:158-71. [PMID: 26358182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Topaz1 (Testis and Ovary-specific PAZ domain gene 1) is a germ cell specific gene highly conserved in vertebrates. The putative protein TOPAZ1 contains a PAZ domain, specifically found in PIWI, Argonaute and Zwille proteins. Consequently, Topaz1 is supposed to have a role during gametogenesis and may be involved in the piRNA pathway and contribute to silencing of transposable elements and maintenance of genome integrity. Here we report Topaz1 inactivation in mouse. Female fertility was not affected, but male sterility appeared exclusively in homozygous mutants in accordance with the high expression of Topaz1 in male germ cells. Pachytene Topaz1--deficient spermatocytes progress through meiosis without either derepression of retrotransposons or MSCI dysfunction, but become arrested before the post-meiotic round spermatid stage with extensive apoptosis. Consequently, an absence of spermatids and spermatozoa was observed in Topaz1(-/-) testis. Histological analysis also revealed that disturbances of spermatogenesis take place between post natal days 15 and 20, during the first wave of male meiosis and before the generation of haploid germ cells. Transcriptomic analysis at these two stages showed that TOPAZ1 influences the expression of one hundred transcripts, most of which are up-regulated in mutant testis at post natal day 20. Our results also showed that 10% of these transcripts are long non-coding RNA. This suggests that a highly regulated balance of lncRNAs seems to be essential during spermatogenesis for induction of appropriate male gamete production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elodie Lesueur
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Luc Jouneau
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Corinne Cotinot
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Béatrice Mandon-Pépin
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Miller DJ. Regulation of Sperm Function by Oviduct Fluid and the Epithelium: Insight into the Role of Glycans. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50 Suppl 2:31-9. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- DJ Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences; University of Illinois; Urbana-Champaign IL USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng CW, Chou CC, Lin CH, Nycholat C, Fukuda M, Khoo KH. Efficient Mapping of Sulfated Glycotopes by Negative Ion Mode nanoLC-MS/MS-Based Sulfoglycomic Analysis of Permethylated Glycans. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6380-8. [PMID: 26016788 PMCID: PMC4843773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously developed the enabling techniques for sulfoglycomics based on mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of permethylated glycans, which preserves the attractive features of more reliable MS/MS sequencing compared with that performed on native glycans, while providing an easy way to separate and hence enrich the sulfated glycans. Unlike LC-MS/MS analysis of native glycans in negative ion mode that has been more widely in use, the characteristics and potential benefits of similar applications based on permethylated sulfated glycans have not been fully investigated. We report here the important features of reverse phase-based nanoLC-MS/MS analysis of permethylated sulfated glycans in negative ion mode and demonstrate that complementary sets of diagnostic fragment ions afforded can allow rapid identification of various fucosylated, sialylated, sulfated glycotopes and definitive determination of the location of sulfate in a way difficult to achieve by other means. A parallel acquisition of both higher collision energy and trap-based MS(2) coupled with a product dependent MS(3) is conceivably the most productive sulfoglycomic workflow currently possible and the manually curated fragmentation characteristics presented here will allow future developments in automating data analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chi Chou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Corwin Nycholat
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Minoru Fukuda
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Keratan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan that has been investigated in the cornea and skeletal tissues for decades. Endoglycosidases and monoclonal antibodies specific for keratan sulfate have been developed. These materials have facilitated the analysis of keratan sulfate biosynthesis and structures. Likewise, they have expedited study of the biological roles of keratan sulfate in vitro and in vivo. It has been shown that keratan sulfate is also expressed in the central nervous system and functions as a regulator of neuronal regeneration/sprouting. Here, we describe methods to determine the enzymatic activity of GlcNAc6ST, which is involved in keratan sulfate biosynthesis, and to extract and prepare ocular keratan sulfate for a disaccharide composition analysis. Immunohistochemistry for an anti-keratan sulfate epitope in the brain is also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Machado SA, Kadirvel G, Daigneault BW, Korneli C, Miller P, Bovin N, Miller DJ. LewisX-containing glycans on the porcine oviductal epithelium contribute to formation of the sperm reservoir. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:140. [PMID: 25339106 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.119503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In many mammals, after semen deposition, a subpopulation of the sperm is transported to the lower oviduct, or isthmus, to form a functional sperm reservoir that provides sperm to fertilize oocytes. The precise molecular interactions that allow formation of this reservoir are unclear. It is proposed that binding of sperm receptors (lectins) to their oviductal cell ligands is accomplished by glycans. Previous results indicated that Lewis trisaccharides are present in glycosphingolipids and O- and N-linked glycans of the porcine isthmus and that Le(X)-containing molecules bind porcine sperm. Immunohistochemistry indicated that the Lewis structures identified by mass spectrometry were, in fact, Lewis X (Le(X)) trisaccharides. These motifs were localized to the luminal border of the isthmus. Assays using fluoresceinated glycans showed that 3-O-sulfated Le(X) (suLe(X)) bound to receptors localized on the head of nearly 60% of uncapacitated boar sperm but that the positional isomer 3-O-sulfo-Le(A) (suLe(A)) bound to <5% of sperm. Sperm also bound preferentially to suLe(X) made insoluble by coupling to beads. Capacitation reduced the ability of suLe(X) to bind sperm to <10%, perhaps helping to explain why sperm are released at capacitation. Pretreatment of oviduct cell aggregates with the Le(X) antibody blocked 57% of sperm binding to isthmic aggregates. Blocking putative receptors on sperm with soluble Le(X) and suLe(X) glycans specifically reduced sperm binding to oviduct cells up to 61%. These results demonstrate that the oviduct isthmus contains Le(X)-related moieties and that sperm binding to these oviduct glycans is necessary and sufficient for forming the sperm reservoir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Machado
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Govindasamy Kadirvel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Bradford W Daigneault
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Claudia Korneli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Paul Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Nicolai Bovin
- Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - David J Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee M, Kiefel H, LaJevic MD, Macauley MS, Kawashima H, O'Hara E, Pan J, Paulson JC, Butcher EC. Transcriptional programs of lymphoid tissue capillary and high endothelium reveal control mechanisms for lymphocyte homing. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:982-95. [PMID: 25173345 PMCID: PMC4222088 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes are recruited from blood by high-endothelial venules (HEVs). We performed transcriptomic analyses and identified molecular signatures that distinguish HEVs from capillary endothelium and that define tissue-specific HEV specialization. Capillaries expressed gene programs for vascular development. HEV-expressed genes showed enrichment for genes encoding molecules involved in immunological defense and lymphocyte migration. We identify capillary and HEV markers and candidate mechanisms for regulated recruitment of lymphocytes, including a lymph node HEV-selective transmembrane mucin; transcriptional control of functionally specialized carbohydrate ligands for lymphocyte L-selectin; HEV expression of molecules for transendothelial migration; and metabolic programs for lipid mediators of lymphocyte motility and chemotaxis. We also elucidate a carbohydrate-recognition pathway that targets B cells to intestinal lymphoid tissues, defining CD22 as a lectin-homing receptor for mucosal HEVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Helena Kiefel
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Melissa D LaJevic
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Immunology and Microbial Science, and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California USA
| | | | - Edward O'Hara
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Junliang Pan
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Immunology and Microbial Science, and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California USA
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- 1] Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California, USA. [3] The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hoshino H, Foyez T, Ohtake-Niimi S, Takeda-Uchimura Y, Michikawa M, Kadomatsu K, Uchimura K. KSGal6ST is essential for the 6-sulfation of galactose within keratan sulfate in early postnatal brain. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:145-56. [PMID: 24152993 PMCID: PMC3902094 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413511619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratan sulfate (KS) comprises repeating disaccharides of galactose (Gal) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Residues of Gal and GlcNAc in KS are potentially modified with sulfate at their C-6 positions. The 5D4 monoclonal antibody recognizes KS structures containing Gal and GlcNAc, both 6-sulfated, and has been used most extensively to evaluate KS expression in mammalian brains. We previously showed that GlcNAc6ST1 is an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the 5D4 epitope in developing brain and in the adult brain, where it is induced after injury. It has been unclear which sulfotransferase is responsible for Gal-6-sulfation within the 5D4 KS epitope in developing brains. We produced mice deficient in KSGal6ST, a Gal-6-sulfotransferase. Western blotting and immunoprecipitation revealed that all 5D4-immunoreactivity to proteins, including phosphacan, were abolished in KSGal6ST-deficient postnatal brains. Likewise, the 5D4 epitope, expressed primarily in the cortical marginal zone and subplate and dorsal thalamus, was eliminated in KSGal6ST-deficient mice. Disaccharide analysis showed the loss of Gal-6-sulfate in KS of the KSGal6ST-deficient brains. Transfection studies revealed that GlcNAc6ST1 and KSGal6ST cooperated in the expression of the 5D4 KS epitope in HeLa cells. These results indicate that KSGal6ST is essential for C-6 sulfation of Gal within KS in early postnatal brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Hoshino
- Section of Pathophysiology and Neurobiology, Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, (HH, SO, KU), Obu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cheng PF, Snovida S, Ho MY, Cheng CW, Wu AM, Khoo KH. Increasing the depth of mass spectrometry-based glycomic coverage by additional dimensions of sulfoglycomics and target analysis of permethylated glycans. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6683-95. [PMID: 23797909 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hog or porcine gastric mucin resembles the human source in carrying not only blood group antigens but also the rather rare α4-GlcNAc-capped terminal epitope functionally implicated in protection against Helicobacter pylori infection. Being more readily available and reasonably well characterized, it serves as a good reagent for immunobiological studies, as well as a standard for analytical methodology developments. Current approaches in mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping remain vastly inadequate in revealing the full complexity of glycosylation, particularly for cases such as the extremely heterogeneous O-glycosylation of mucosal mucins that can be further sulfated. We demonstrate here a novel concerted workflow that extends the conventional matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) mapping of permethylated glycans in positive ion mode to include a further step of sulfoglycomic analysis in negative ion mode. This was facilitated by introducing a mixed-mode solid-phase extraction step, which allows direct cleanup and simultaneous fractionation of the permethylated glycans into separate non-sulfated and sulfated pools in one single step. By distinct MALDI-MS/MS fragmentation patterns, all previously known structural features of porcine gastric mucin including the terminal epitopes and location of sulfates could be readily defined. We additionally showed that both arms of the core 2 structures could be extended via 6-O-sulfated GlcNAc to yield a series of disulfated O-glycans not previously reported, thus expanding its current glycomic coverage. However, a targeted LC-MSn analysis was required and best suited to dig even deeper into validating the occurrence of very minor structural isomers carrying the Lewis Y epitope implicated by positive antibody binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Fu Cheng
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, PO Box 23-106, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Patnode ML, Cheng CW, Chou CC, Singer MS, Elin MS, Uchimura K, Crocker PR, Khoo KH, Rosen SD. Galactose 6-O-sulfotransferases are not required for the generation of Siglec-F ligands in leukocytes or lung tissue. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26533-45. [PMID: 23880769 PMCID: PMC3772201 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.485409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophil accumulation is a characteristic feature of the immune response to parasitic worms and allergens. The cell surface carbohydrate-binding receptor Siglec-F is highly expressed on eosinophils and negatively regulates their accumulation during inflammation. Although endogenous ligands for Siglec-F have yet to be biochemically defined, binding studies using glycan arrays have implicated galactose 6-O-sulfate (Gal6S) as a partial recognition determinant for this receptor. Only two sulfotransferases are known to generate Gal6S, namely keratan sulfate galactose 6-O-sulfotransferase (KSGal6ST) and chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 (C6ST-1). Here we use mice deficient in both KSGal6ST and C6ST-1 to determine whether these sulfotransferases are required for the generation of endogenous Siglec-F ligands. First, we characterize ligand expression on leukocyte populations and find that ligands are predominantly expressed on cell types also expressing Siglec-F, namely eosinophils, neutrophils, and alveolar macrophages. We also detect Siglec-F ligand activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid fractions containing polymeric secreted mucins, including MUC5B. Consistent with these observations, ligands in the lung increase dramatically during infection with the parasitic nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, which is known to induce eosinophil accumulation and mucus production. Surprisingly, Gal6S is undetectable in sialylated glycans from eosinophils and BAL fluid analyzed by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, none of the ligands we describe are diminished in mice lacking KSGal6ST and C6ST-1, indicating that neither of the known galactose 6-O-sulfotransferases is required for ligand synthesis. These results establish that ligands for Siglec-F are present on several cell types that are relevant during allergic lung inflammation and argue against the widely held view that Gal6S is critical for glycan recognition by this receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Patnode
- From the Department of Anatomy and Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0452
| | - Chu-Wen Cheng
- the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chi Chou
- the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mark S. Singer
- From the Department of Anatomy and Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0452
| | - Matilda S. Elin
- From the Department of Anatomy and Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0452
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- the Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Paul R. Crocker
- the Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom, and
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Steven D. Rosen
- From the Department of Anatomy and Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0452
| |
Collapse
|