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Ovsyannikova IG, Haralambieva IH, Schaid DJ, Warner ND, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. Genome-wide determinants of cellular immune responses to mumps vaccine. Vaccine 2023; 41:6579-6588. [PMID: 37778899 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously described genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes that are associated with inter-individual variations in antibody responses to mumps vaccination. To expand upon our previous work, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to discover host genetic variants associated with mumps vaccine-induced cellular immune responses. METHODS We performed a GWAS of mumps-specific immune response outcomes (11 secreted cytokines/chemokines) in a cohort of 1,406 subjects. RESULTS Among the 11 cytokine/chemokines we studied, four (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-1β, and TNFα) demonstrated GWAS signals reaching genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10-8). A genomic region (encoding Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins/SIGLEC) located on chromosome 19q13 (p < 5 × 10-8) was associated with both IL-1β and TNFα responses. The SIGLEC5/SIGLEC14 region contained 11 statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including the intronic SIGLEC5 rs872629 (p = 1.3E-11) and rs1106476 (p = 1.32E-11) whose alternate alleles were significantly associated with decreased levels of mumps-specific IL-1β (rs872629, p = 1.77E-09; rs1106476, p = 1.78E-09) and TNFα (rs872629, p = 1.3E-11; rs1106476, p = 1.32E-11) production. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SNPs in the SIGLEC5/SIGLEC14 genes play a role in cellular and inflammatory immune responses to mumps vaccination. These findings motivate further research into the functional roles of SIGLEC genes in the regulation of mumps vaccine-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel J Schaid
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Warner
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Ovsyannikova IG, Haralambieva IH, Schaid DJ, Warner ND, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. Genome-Wide Determinants of Cellular Immune Responses to Mumps Vaccine. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.27.23289213. [PMID: 37205333 PMCID: PMC10187346 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.27.23289213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Background We have previously described genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes that are associated with inter-individual variations in antibody responses to mumps vaccination. To expand upon our previous work, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to discover host genetic variants associated with mumps vaccine-induced cellular immune responses. Methods We performed a GWAS of mumps-specific immune response outcomes (11 secreted cytokines/chemokines) in a cohort of 1,406 subjects. Results Among the 11 cytokine/chemokines we studied, four (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-1β, and TNFα) demonstrated GWAS signals reaching genome-wide significance (p<5 x 10 -8 ). A genomic region (encoding Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins/SIGLEC) located on chromosome 19q13 (p<5×10 -8 ) was associated with both IL-1β and TNFα responses. The SIGLEC5/SIGLEC14 region contained 11 statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including the intronic SIGLEC5 rs872629 (p=1.3E-11) and rs1106476 (p=1.32E-11) whose alternate alleles were significantly associated with decreased levels of mumps-specific IL-1β (rs872629, p=1.77E-09; rs1106476, p=1.78E-09) and TNFα (rs872629, p=1.3E-11; rs1106476, p=1.32E-11) production. Conclusions Our results suggest that SNPs in the SIGLEC5/SIGLEC14 genes play a role in cellular and inflammatory immune responses to mumps vaccination. These findings motivate further research into the functional roles of SIGLEC genes in the regulation of mumps vaccine-induced immunity.
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Angata T, Varki A. Discovery, classification, evolution and diversity of Siglecs. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101117. [PMID: 35989204 PMCID: PMC9905256 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily proteins play diverse roles in vertebrates, including regulation of cellular responses by sensing endogenous or exogenous ligands. Siglecs are a family of glycan-recognizing proteins belonging to the Ig superfamily (i.e., I-type lectins). Siglecs are expressed on various leukocyte types and are involved in diverse aspects of immunity, including the regulation of inflammatory responses, leukocyte proliferation, host-microbe interaction, and cancer immunity. Sialoadhesin/Siglec-1, CD22/Siglec-2, and myelin-associated glycoprotein/Siglec-4 were among the first to be characterized as members of the Siglec family, and along with Siglec-15, they are relatively well-conserved among tetrapods. Conversely, CD33/Siglec-3-related Siglecs (CD33rSiglecs, so named as they show high sequence similarity with CD33/Siglec-3) are encoded in a gene cluster with many interspecies variations and even intraspecies variations within some lineages such as humans. The rapid evolution of CD33rSiglecs expressed on leukocytes involved in innate immunity likely reflects the selective pressure by pathogens that interact and possibly exploit these Siglecs. Human Siglecs have several additional unique and/or polymorphic properties as compared with closely related great apes, changes possibly related to the loss of the sialic acid Neu5Gc, another distinctly human event in sialobiology. Multiple changes in human CD33rSiglecs compared to great apes include many examples of human-specific expression in non-immune cells, coinciding with human-specific diseases involving such cell types. Some Siglec gene polymorphisms have dual consequences-beneficial in a situation but detrimental in another. The association of human Siglec gene polymorphisms with several infectious and non-infectious diseases likely reflects the ongoing competition between the host and microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Yao S, Chen W, Chen T, Zuo H, Bi Z, Zhang X, Pang L, Jing Y, Yin X, Cheng H. A comprehensive computational analysis to explore the importance of SIGLECs in HCC biology. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:42. [PMID: 36803349 PMCID: PMC9938566 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive, malignant cancer with a complex pathogenesis. However, effective therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers are limited. Sorafenib provides delaying cancer progression and survival improvement in advanced HCC. But despite 10 years of research on the clinical application of sorafenib, predictive markers for its therapeutic effect are lacking. METHODS The clinical significance and molecular functions of SIGLEC family members were assessed by a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis. The datasets included in this study (ICGC-LIRI-JP, GSE22058 and GSE14520) are mainly based on patients with HBV infections or HBV-related liver cirrhosis. The TCGA, GEO, and HCCDB databases were used to explore the expression of SIGLEC family genes in HCC. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was used to evaluate relationships between the expression levels of SIGLEC family genes and prognosis. Associations between differentially expressed genes in the SIGLEC family and tumour-associated immune cells were evaluated using TIMER. RESULTS The mRNA levels of most SIGLEC family genes were significantly lower in HCC than in normal tissues. Low protein and mRNA expression levels of SIGLECs were strongly correlated with tumour grade and clinical cancer stage in patients with HCC. Tumour-related SIGLEC family genes were associated with tumour immune infiltrating cells. High SIGLEC expression was significantly related to a better prognosis in patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib. CONCLUSIONS SIGLEC family genes have potential prognostic value in HCC and may contribute to the regulation of cancer progression and immune cell infiltration. More importantly, our results revealed that SIGLEC family gene expression may be used as a prognostic marker for HCC patients treated with sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senbang Yao
- grid.452696.a0000 0004 7533 3408Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China ,Department of Oncology, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Tingting Chen
- grid.452696.a0000 0004 7533 3408Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601 Anhui China
| | - He Zuo
- grid.452696.a0000 0004 7533 3408Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Ziran Bi
- grid.452696.a0000 0004 7533 3408Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- grid.452696.a0000 0004 7533 3408Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Lulian Pang
- grid.452696.a0000 0004 7533 3408Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Yanyan Jing
- grid.452696.a0000 0004 7533 3408Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Xiangxiang Yin
- grid.452696.a0000 0004 7533 3408Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601 Anhui China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Huaidong Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China. .,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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Huang R, Zheng J, Shao Y, Zhu L, Yang T. Siglec-15 as multifunctional molecule involved in osteoclast differentiation, cancer immunity and microbial infection. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:34-41. [PMID: 36265694 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Siglec-15 is a highly conserved member of the Siglec family, expressed on osteoclasts, a subset of myeloid cells and some cancer cells. Except for regulating osteoclast differentiation, Siglec-15 engages in immunoregulation as an immune suppressor. Siglec-15 functions as an immunosuppressive molecule in tumor-associated macrophage-mediated T cell immunity in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which makes Siglec-15 to be an emerging and promising target for normalization cancer immunotherapy. Besides, Siglec-15 interacts with sialylated pathogens and modulates host immune response against microbial pathogens by altering cytokine production and/or phagocytosis, which further broadens the underlying pathophysiological roles of Siglec-15. The fact that N-glycosylation and sialylation of Siglec-15 play a pivotal role in Siglec-15 biological function indicates that targeting certain post-translational modification may be an effective strategy for targeting Siglec-15 therapy. In-depth exploring Siglec-15 biology function is crucial for better design of Siglec-15-based therapy according to different clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinxiu Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China.
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Dhar C. Does SIGLEC8 localize to the subcellular compartment like the Alzheimer's disease protective CD33 splice variant? Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1124150. [PMID: 37124396 PMCID: PMC10133518 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1124150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
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Läubli H, Nalle SC, Maslyar D. Targeting the Siglec-Sialic Acid Immune Axis in Cancer: Current and Future Approaches. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:1423-1432. [PMID: 36264237 PMCID: PMC9716255 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-sialic acid immune axis is an evolutionarily conserved immunoregulatory pathway that provides a mechanism for establishing self-recognition and combatting invasive pathogens. Perturbations in the pathway lead to many immune dysregulated diseases, including autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, allergic conditions, and cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the relationship between Siglecs and sialic acid as they relate to human health and disease, to consider current Siglec-based therapeutics, and to discuss new therapeutic approaches targeting the Siglec-sialic acid immune axis, with a focus on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University, of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Corresponding Author: Heinz Läubli, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland. Phone: 416-1556-5212; Fax: 416-1265-5316; E-mail:
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New Targets for Antiviral Therapy: Inhibitory Receptors and Immune Checkpoints on Myeloid Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061144. [PMID: 35746616 PMCID: PMC9230063 DOI: 10.3390/v14061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is achieved by balancing the activating and inhibitory signal transduction pathways mediated via cell surface receptors. Activation allows the host to mount an immune response to endogenous and exogenous antigens; suppressive modulation via inhibitory signaling protects the host from excessive inflammatory damage. The checkpoint regulation of myeloid cells during immune homeostasis raised their profile as important cellular targets for treating allergy, cancer and infectious disease. This review focuses on the structure and signaling of inhibitory receptors on myeloid cells, with particular attention placed on how the interplay between viruses and these receptors regulates antiviral immunity. The status of targeting inhibitory receptors on myeloid cells as a new therapeutic approach for antiviral treatment will be analyzed.
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Tyagi W, Pandey V, Pokharel YR. Membrane linked RNA glycosylation as new trend to envision epi-transcriptome epoch. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 30:641-646. [PMID: 35136215 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RNAs play several prominent roles in the cellular environment ranging from structural, messengers, translators, and effector molecules. RNA molecules while performing these roles are associated with several chemical modifications occurring post-transcriptionally, responsible for these supporting vital functions. The recent documentation of surface RNA modification with sialic acid residues has sparked advancement to the framework of RNA modifications. Glycan modification of surface RNA which was previously known to modify only proteins and lipids has opened new vistas to explore how these surface RNA modifications affect the cellular responses and phenotype. This paradigm shift in RNA biology with a vision of "glycans being all over the cells" has posed the field with a repertoire of questions and has given headway to the RNA world hypothesis. The review provides a comprehensive overview of glycoRNA discovery with a conceptual understanding of its previous underlying discoveries and their biological consequences with possible insights into the dynamic influence of this modification on their molecular versatility deciding cancer-immunology fate with potential implications of these glycosylation in cellular interaction, signaling, immune regulation, cancer evasion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witty Tyagi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Yuba Raj Pokharel
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India.
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Matsuda Y, Watanabe T, Li XK. Approaches for Controlling Antibody-Mediated Allograft Rejection Through Targeting B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682334. [PMID: 34276669 PMCID: PMC8282180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Both acute and chronic antibody-mediated allograft rejection (AMR), which are directly mediated by B cells, remain difficult to treat. Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) in bone marrow (BM) play a crucial role in the production of the antibodies that induce AMR. However, LLPCs survive through a T cell-independent mechanism and resist conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Desensitization therapy is therefore performed, although it is accompanied by severe side effects and the pathological condition may be at an irreversible stage when these antibodies, which induce AMR development, are detected in the serum. In other words, AMR control requires the development of a diagnostic method that predicts its onset before LLPC differentiation and enables therapeutic intervention and the establishment of humoral immune monitoring methods providing more detailed information, including individual differences in the susceptibility to immunosuppressive agents and the pathological conditions. In this study, we reviewed recent studies related to the direct or indirect involvement of immunocompetent cells in the differentiation of naïve-B cells into LLPCs, the limitations of conventional methods, and the possible development of novel control methods in the context of AMR. This information will significantly contribute to the development of clinical applications for AMR and improve the prognosis of patients who undergo organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Matsuda
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Tsai TY, Huang MT, Sung PS, Peng CY, Tao MH, Yang HI, Chang WC, Yang AS, Yu CM, Lin YP, Bau CY, Huang CJ, Pan MH, Wu CY, Hsiao CD, Yeh YH, Duan S, Paulson JC, Hsieh SL. SIGLEC-3 (CD33) serves as an immune checkpoint receptor for HBV infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e141965. [PMID: 34060491 DOI: 10.1172/jci141965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is rarely eradicated by current antiviral nucleos(t)ide analogues. We found that α2,6-biantennary sialoglycans of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) bound human SIGLEC-3 (CD33) by IP and ELISA, and the binding affinity between SIGLEC-3 and α2,6-biantennary sialoglycans was determined by biolayer interferometry (equilibrium dissociation constant [KD]: 1.95 × 10-10 ± 0.21 × 10-10 M). Moreover, HBV activated SIGLEC-3 on myeloid cells and induced immunosuppression by stimulating immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif phosphorylation and SHP-1/-2 recruitment via α2,6-biantennary sialoglycans on HBsAg. An antagonistic anti-SIGLEC-3 mAb reversed this effect and enhanced cytokine production in response to TLR-7 agonist GS-9620 in PBMCs from CHB patients. Moreover, anti-SIGLEC-3 mAb alone was able to upregulate the expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation, such as CD80, CD86, CD40, MHC-I, MHC-II, and PD-L1 in CD14+ cells. Furthermore, SIGLEC-3 SNP rs12459419 C, which expressed a higher amount of SIGLEC-3, was associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in CHB patients (HR: 1.256, 95% CI: 1.027-1.535, P = 0.0266). Thus, blockade of SIGLEC-3 is a promising strategy to reactivate host immunity to HBV and lower the incidence of HCC in the CHB patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yu Tsai
- PhD Program for Translational Medicine, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Shan Sung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Peng
- Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Suei Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Bau
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hung Pan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Hung Yeh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiteng Duan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sialic Acid-Siglec Axis in Human Immune Regulation, Involvement in Autoimmunity and Cancer and Potential Therapeutic Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115774. [PMID: 34071314 PMCID: PMC8198044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs are sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. Most Siglecs function as transmembrane receptors mainly expressed on blood cells in a cell type-specific manner. They recognize and bind sialic acids in specific linkages on glycoproteins and glycolipids. Since Sia is a self-molecule, Siglecs play a role in innate immune responses by distinguishing molecules as self or non-self. Increasing evidence supports the involvement of Siglecs in immune signaling representing immune checkpoints able to regulate immune responses in inflammatory diseases as well as cancer. Although further studies are necessary to fully understand the involvement of Siglecs in pathological conditions as well as their interactions with other immune regulators, the development of therapeutic approaches that exploit these molecules represents a tremendous opportunity for future treatments of several human diseases, as demonstrated by their application in several clinical trials. In the present review, we discuss the involvement of Siglecs in the regulation of immune responses, with particular focus on autoimmunity and cancer and the chance to target the sialic acid-Siglec axis as novel treatment strategy.
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Flynn RA, Pedram K, Malaker SA, Batista PJ, Smith BAH, Johnson AG, George BM, Majzoub K, Villalta PW, Carette JE, Bertozzi CR. Small RNAs are modified with N-glycans and displayed on the surface of living cells. Cell 2021; 184:3109-3124.e22. [PMID: 34004145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycans modify lipids and proteins to mediate inter- and intramolecular interactions across all domains of life. RNA is not thought to be a major target of glycosylation. Here, we challenge this view with evidence that mammals use RNA as a third scaffold for glycosylation. Using a battery of chemical and biochemical approaches, we found that conserved small noncoding RNAs bear sialylated glycans. These "glycoRNAs" were present in multiple cell types and mammalian species, in cultured cells, and in vivo. GlycoRNA assembly depends on canonical N-glycan biosynthetic machinery and results in structures enriched in sialic acid and fucose. Analysis of living cells revealed that the majority of glycoRNAs were present on the cell surface and can interact with anti-dsRNA antibodies and members of the Siglec receptor family. Collectively, these findings suggest the existence of a direct interface between RNA biology and glycobiology, and an expanded role for RNA in extracellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pedro J Batista
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin A H Smith
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex G Johnson
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benson M George
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karim Majzoub
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; IGMM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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14
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Functions and therapeutic targets of Siglec-mediated infections, inflammations and cancers. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 120:5-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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15
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Morshed N, Ralvenius WT, Nott A, Watson LA, Rodriguez FH, Akay LA, Joughin BA, Pao P, Penney J, LaRocque L, Mastroeni D, Tsai L, White FM. Phosphoproteomics identifies microglial Siglec-F inflammatory response during neurodegeneration. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9819. [PMID: 33289969 PMCID: PMC7722784 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the appearance of amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and inflammation in brain regions involved in memory. Using mass spectrometry, we have quantified the phosphoproteome of the CK-p25, 5XFAD, and Tau P301S mouse models of neurodegeneration. We identified a shared response involving Siglec-F which was upregulated on a subset of reactive microglia. The human paralog Siglec-8 was also upregulated on microglia in AD. Siglec-F and Siglec-8 were upregulated following microglial activation with interferon gamma (IFNγ) in BV-2 cell line and human stem cell-derived microglia models. Siglec-F overexpression activates an endocytic and pyroptotic inflammatory response in BV-2 cells, dependent on its sialic acid substrates and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) phosphorylation sites. Related human Siglecs induced a similar response in BV-2 cells. Collectively, our results point to an important role for mouse Siglec-F and human Siglec-8 in regulating microglial activation during neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Morshed
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - William T Ralvenius
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Alexi Nott
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - L Ashley Watson
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Felicia H Rodriguez
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNMUSA
| | - Leyla A Akay
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Ping‐Chieh Pao
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Jay Penney
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Lauren LaRocque
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Diego Mastroeni
- ASU‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research CenterTempeAZUSA
| | - Li‐Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Forest M White
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Center for Precision Cancer MedicineMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
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16
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Prinz M, Jung S, Priller J. Microglia Biology: One Century of Evolving Concepts. Cell 2020; 179:292-311. [PMID: 31585077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 712] [Impact Index Per Article: 178.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microglia were first recognized as a distinct cell population in the CNS one century ago. For a long time, they were primarily considered to be phagocytes responsible for removing debris during CNS development and disease. More recently, advances in imaging and genetics and the advent of single-cell technologies provided new insights into the much more complex and fascinating biology of microglia. The ontogeny of microglia was identified, and their functions in health and disease were better defined. Although many questions about microglia and their roles in human diseases remain unanswered, the prospect of targeting microglia for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders is tantalizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZNE and BIH, Berlin, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK.
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17
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Whole-Organ Genomic Characterization of Mucosal Field Effects Initiating Bladder Carcinogenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2241-2256.e4. [PMID: 30784602 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We used whole-organ mapping to study the locoregional molecular changes in a human bladder containing multifocal cancer. Widespread DNA methylation changes were identified in the entire mucosa, representing the initial field effect. The field effect was associated with subclonal low-allele frequency mutations and a small number of DNA copy alterations. A founder mutation in the RNA splicing gene, ACIN1, was identified in normal mucosa and expanded clonally with an additional 21 mutations in progression to carcinoma. The patterns of mutations and copy number changes in carcinoma in situ and foci of carcinoma were almost identical, confirming their clonal origins. The pathways affected by the DNA copy alterations and mutations, including the Kras pathway, were preceded by the field changes in DNA methylation, suggesting that they reinforced mechanisms that had already been initiated by methylation. The results demonstrate that DNA methylation can serve as the initiator of bladder carcinogenesis.
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18
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Sajay-Asbaghi M, Sadeghi-Shabestrai M, Monfaredan A, Seyfizadeh N, Razavi A, Kazemi T. Promoter region single nucleotide polymorphism of siglec-8 gene associates with susceptibility to allergic asthma. Per Med 2020; 17:195-201. [PMID: 32077788 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2018-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Siglec-8 is exclusively expressed on mast cells, eosinophils and basophils. Possible association of six siglec-8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to allergic asthma in the Azeri population of Iran was investigated in this study. Materials & methods: A total of 194 patients and 190 normal subjects were enrolled. PCR single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to determine the genotypes of the studied SNPs. Results: The rs36498 showed significant association with allergic asthma (odds ratio [OR]: 0.65; p = 0.022) and the T allele was found as a protective allele (OR: 0.61; p = 0.008). Also, eosinophil count in the CC genotype was significantly higher than that in the other genotypes (p = 0.026). Conclusion: The rs36498 is thought to influence the expression level of siglec-8. Siglec-8 could be a potential therapeutic target for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sajay-Asbaghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Monfaredan
- Research Division of Tabriz International Hospital, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Seyfizadeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Razavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed on the majority of white blood cells of the immune system and play critical roles in immune cell signaling. Through recognition of sialic acid-containing glycans as ligands, they help the immune system distinguish between self and nonself. Because of their restricted cell type expression and roles as checkpoints in immune cell responses in human diseases such as cancer, asthma, allergy, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases they have gained attention as targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review we describe the Siglec family, its roles in regulation of immune cell signaling, current efforts to define its roles in disease processes, and approaches to target Siglecs for treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteng Duan
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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20
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Chang LY, Low PY, Sridharan D, Gerlovin K, Angata T. Preparation of Recombinant Siglecs and Identification of Their Ligands. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2132:85-98. [PMID: 32306317 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs are transmembrane receptor-like vertebrate lectins that recognize glycans containing sialic acid. Most Siglecs also interact with intracellular signal transduction molecules, and modulate immune responses. Recombinant soluble Siglecs fused with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of immunoglobulin G (Siglec-Fc) are a versatile tool for the investigation of Siglec functions. We describe protocols for the production of recombinant Siglec-Fc, the analysis of expression of Siglec ligands by flow cytometry, and the identification of the Siglec ligand candidates based on proximity labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Yi Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Penk Yeir Low
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deepa Sridharan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kaia Gerlovin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Benagiano M, Bianchi P, D'Elios MM, Brosens I, Benagiano G. Autoimmune diseases: Role of steroid hormones. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 60:24-34. [PMID: 31047850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders in terms of clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and prevalence, and there is no agreement to date on a common classification. Adaptive immune responses are responsible for the existence of AIDs, although innate immunity is also involved in misguiding the immune response against self-antigens. Hormones, in general, and in particular steroid hormones, play a critical role in the physiology and pathology of the immune system, especially in adaptive immunity. Hormonal factors, alone or in relation to age, sex, and reproductive status, are involved in conditioning the onset of a number of AIDs. There is a well-defined sexual dimorphism for human AIDs. At the same time, the classic view has been that steroid hormones have well-defined effects, with one type, estrogens, being "pro-inflammatory" and the other two progestogens (progesterone and its synthetic analogs) and androgens being "anti-inflammatory." Although this view has been considered too simplistic and seems contradicted by numerous observations, it remains valid: progestogens and androgens are immunosuppressive and therefore protective against AIDs, whereas estrogens are immune-stimulatory and therefore pathogenic in AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Benagiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bianchi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Milco D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ivo Brosens
- Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Benagiano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Urology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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22
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Angata T. Possible Influences of Endogenous and Exogenous Ligands on the Evolution of Human Siglecs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2885. [PMID: 30564250 PMCID: PMC6288428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids, a group of acidic sugars abundantly expressed in the tissues of deuterostome animals but rarely found in microbes, serve as a "signature of self" for these animals. Cognate sensors for sialic acids include Siglecs, a family of transmembrane lectins of vertebrate immune systems that recognize glycans containing sialic acids. A type of sialic acid called N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is abundant in many mammalian lineages including great apes, the closest extant relatives of modern human, but was lost in the lineage leading to modern human via the pseudogenization of the CMAH gene encoding the enzyme that converts N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to Neu5Gc. Loss of Neu5Gc appears to have influenced the evolution of human Siglecs, such as the adjustment of sialic acid binding preferences and the inactivation of at least one Siglec. In addition, various mechanistic studies using model systems and genetic association studies have revealed that some human Siglecs interact with pathogens and influence the outcome of infections, and these pathogens in turn likely influence the evolution of these Siglecs. By understanding the evolutionary forces affecting Siglecs, we shall achieve a better appreciation of Siglec functions, and by understanding Siglec functions, we can obtain deeper insight into the evolutionary processes driving Siglec evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Virkud YV, Kelly RS, Croteau-Chonka DC, Celedón JC, Dahlin A, Avila L, Raby BA, Weiss ST, Lasky-Su JA. Novel eosinophilic gene expression networks associated with IgE in two distinct asthma populations. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1654-1664. [PMID: 30107053 PMCID: PMC6659730 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma represents a significant public health burden; however, novel biological therapies targeting immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated pathways have widened clinical treatment options for the disease. OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to identify gene transcripts and gene networks involved in the determination of serum IgE levels in people with asthma that can help inform the development of novel therapeutic agents. METHODS We analysed gene expression data from a cross-sectional study of 326 Costa Rican children with asthma, aged 6 to 12 years, from the Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica Study and 610 young adults with asthma, aged 16 to 25 years, from the Childhood Asthma Management Program trial. We utilized differential gene expression analysis and performed weighted gene coexpression network analysis on 25 060 genes, to identify gene transcripts and network modules associated with total IgE, adjusting for age and gender. We used pathway enrichment analyses to identify key biological pathways underlying significant modules. We compared findings that replicated between both populations. RESULTS We identified 31 transcripts associated with total IgE that replicated between the two study cohorts. These results were notable for increased eosinophil-related transcripts (including IL5RA, CLC, SMPD3, CCL23 and CEBPE). Pathway enrichment identified the regulation of T cell tolerance as important in the determination of total IgE levels, supporting a key role for IDO1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results provide robust evidence that biologically meaningful gene expression profiles (relating to eosinophilic and regulatory T cell pathways in particular) associated with total IgE levels can be identified in individuals diagnosed with asthma during childhood. These profiles and their constituent genes may represent novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini V Virkud
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Damien C Croteau-Chonka
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amber Dahlin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lydiana Avila
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica A Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Huang PCJ, Low PY, Wang I, Hsu STD, Angata T. Soluble Siglec-14 glycan-recognition protein is generated by alternative splicing and suppresses myeloid inflammatory responses. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19645-19658. [PMID: 30377253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 14 (Siglec-14) is a glycan-recognition protein that is expressed on myeloid cells, recognizes bacterial pathogens, and elicits pro-inflammatory responses. Although Siglec-14 is a transmembrane protein, a soluble form of Siglec-14 is also present in human blood. However, the mechanism that generates soluble Siglec-14 and what role this protein form may play remain unknown. Here, investigating the generation and function of soluble Siglec-14, we found that soluble Siglec-14 is derived from an alternatively spliced mRNA that retains intron 5, containing a termination codon and thus preventing the translation of exon 6, which encodes Siglec-14's transmembrane domain. We also note that the translated segment in intron 5 encodes a unique C-terminal 7-amino acid extension, which allowed the specific antibody-mediated detection of this isoform in human blood. Moreover, soluble Siglec-14 dose-dependently suppressed pro-inflammatory responses of myeloid cells that expressed membrane-bound Siglec-14, likely by interfering with the interaction between membrane-bound Siglec-14 and Toll-like receptor 2 on the cell surface. We also found that intron 5 contains a G-rich segment that assumes an RNA tertiary structure called a G-quadruplex, which may regulate the efficiency of intron 5 splicing. Taken together, we propose that soluble Siglec-14 suppresses pro-inflammatory responses triggered by membrane-bound Siglec-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Jimmy Huang
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115 and.,the Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Penk-Yeir Low
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115 and
| | - Iren Wang
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115 and
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115 and.,the Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115 and .,the Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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25
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Clark EA, Giltiay NV. CD22: A Regulator of Innate and Adaptive B Cell Responses and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2235. [PMID: 30323814 PMCID: PMC6173129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD22 (Siglec 2) is a receptor predominantly restricted to B cells. It was initially characterized over 30 years ago and named “CD22” in 1984 at the 2nd International workshop in Boston (1). Several excellent reviews have detailed CD22 functions, CD22-regulated signaling pathways and B cell subsets regulated by CD22 or Siglec G (2–4). This review is an attempt to highlight recent and possibly forgotten findings. We also describe the role of CD22 in autoimmunity and the great potential for CD22-based immunotherapeutics for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Natalia V Giltiay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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26
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Varki A. Are humans prone to autoimmunity? Implications from evolutionary changes in hominin sialic acid biology. J Autoimmun 2017; 83:134-142. [PMID: 28755952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given varied intrinsic and extrinsic challenges to the immune system, it is unsurprising that each evolutionary lineage evolves distinctive features of immunoreactivity, and that tolerance mechanisms fail, allowing autoimmunity. Humans appear prone to many autoimmune diseases, with mechanisms both genetic and environmental. Another rapidly evolving biological system involves sialic acids, a family of monosaccharides that are terminal caps on cell surface and secreted molecules of vertebrates, and play multifarious roles in immunity. We have explored multiple genomic changes in sialic acid biology that occurred in human ancestors (hominins), some with implications for enhanced immunoreactivity, and hence for autoimmunity. Human ancestors lost the enzyme synthesizing the common mammalian sialic acid Neu5Gc, with an accumulation of the precursor sialic acid Neu5Ac. Resulting changes include an enhanced reactivity by some immune cells and increased ability of macrophages to kill bacteria, at the cost of increased endotoxin sensitivity. There are also multiple human-specific evolutionary changes in inhibitory and activating Siglecs, immune cell receptors that recognize sialic acids as "self-associated molecular patterns" (SAMPs) to modulate immunity, but can also be hijacked by pathogen molecular mimicry of SAMPs. Altered expression patterns and fixed or polymorphic SIGLEC pseudogenization in humans has modulated both innate and adaptive immunity, sometimes favoring over-reactivity. Meanwhile, dietary intake of Neu5Gc (derived primarily from red meats) allows metabolic incorporation of this non-human molecule into human cells--apparently the first example of "xeno-autoimmunity" involving "xeno-autoantigen" interactions with circulating "xeno-autoantibodies". Taken together, some of these factors may contribute to the apparent human propensity for autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC) and Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA.
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27
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Abstract
An important underlying mechanism that contributes to autoimmunity is the loss of inhibitory signaling in the immune system. Sialic acid-recognizing Ig superfamily lectins or Siglecs are a family of cell surface proteins largely expressed in hematopoietic cells. The majority of Siglecs are inhibitory receptors expressed in immune cells that bind to sialic acid-containing ligands and recruit SH2-domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases to their cytoplasmic tails. They deliver inhibitory signals that can contribute to the constraining of immune cells, and thus protect the host from autoimmunity. The inhibitory functions of CD22/Siglec-2 and Siglec-G and their contributions to tolerance and autoimmunity, primarily in the B lymphocyte context, are considered in some detail in this review. The relevance to autoimmunity and unregulated inflammation of modified sialic acids, enzymes that modify sialic acid, and other sialic acid-binding proteins are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay S Mahajan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Deaprtment of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Yamazaki Y, Sezukuri K, Takada J, Kimura S, Ohmae M. A Novel Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Sulfated Type 2 Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigens by Transglycosylation of Sulfated Lewis X Oxazoline Catalyzed by Keratanase II. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1879-1886. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamazaki
- Department of Material Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto-daigaku-katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kyohei Sezukuri
- Department of Material Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto-daigaku-katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Junko Takada
- Department of Material Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto-daigaku-katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto-daigaku-katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Masashi Ohmae
- Department of Material Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto-daigaku-katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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Krishna M, Nadler SG. Immunogenicity to Biotherapeutics - The Role of Anti-drug Immune Complexes. Front Immunol 2016; 7:21. [PMID: 26870037 PMCID: PMC4735944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological molecules are increasingly becoming a part of the therapeutics portfolio that has been either recently approved for marketing or those that are in the pipeline of several biotech and pharmaceutical companies. This is largely based on their ability to be highly specific relative to small molecules. However, by virtue of being a large protein, and having a complex structure with structural variability arising from production using recombinant gene technology in cell lines, such therapeutics run the risk of being recognized as foreign by a host immune system. In the context of immune-mediated adverse effects that have been documented to biological drugs thus far, including infusion reactions, and the evolving therapeutic platforms in the pipeline that engineer different functional modules in a biotherapeutic, it is critical to understand the interplay of the adaptive and innate immune responses, the pathophysiology of immunogenicity to biological drugs in instances where there have been immune-mediated adverse clinical sequelae and address technical approaches for their laboratory evaluation. The current paradigm in immunogenicity evaluation has a tiered approach to the detection and characterization of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) elicited in vivo to a biotherapeutic; alongside with the structural, biophysical, and molecular information of the therapeutic, these analytical assessments form the core of the immunogenicity risk assessment. However, many of the immune-mediated adverse effects attributed to ADAs require the formation of a drug/ADA immune complex (IC) intermediate that can have a variety of downstream effects. This review will focus on the activation of potential immunopathological pathways arising as a consequence of circulating as well as cell surface bound drug bearing ICs, risk factors that are intrinsic either to the therapeutic molecule or to the host that might predispose to IC-mediated effects, and review the recent literature on prevalence and intensity of established examples of type II and III hypersensitivity reactions that follow the administration of a biotherapeutic. Additionally, we propose methods for the study of immune parameters specific to the biology of ICs that could be of use in conjunction with the detection of ADAs in circulation.
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Schwarz F, Fong JJ, Varki A. Human-specific evolutionary changes in the biology of siglecs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 842:1-16. [PMID: 25408333 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11280-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Schwarz
- Departments of Medicine, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,
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