1
|
Choi TJ, Malik A, Han SM, Kim CB. Differences in alternative splicing events in the adaptive strategies of two Daphnia galeata genotypes induced by fish kairomones. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:725. [PMID: 39060996 PMCID: PMC11282837 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daphnia galeata is a suitable model organism for investigating predator-induced defense. Genes and pathways exhibiting differential expression between fish kairomone-treated and untreated groups in D. galeata have been identified. However, understanding of the significance of alternative splicing, a crucial process of the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes, to this mechanism remains limited. This study measured life-history traits and conducted short-read RNA sequencing and long-read isoform sequencing of two Korean D. galeata genotypes (KB1 and KE2) to uncover the genetic mechanism underlying their phenotypic plasticity under predation stress. RESULTS KB1 exhibited strategies to enhance fertility and decrease body length when exposed to fish kairomones, while KE2 deployed an adaptive strategy to increase body length. Full-length transcriptomes from KB1 and KE2 yielded 65,736 and 57,437 transcripts, respectively, of which 32 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were shared under predation stress across both genotypes. Prominent DETs common to both genotypes were related to energy metabolism and the immune system. Additionally, differential alternative splicing (DAS) events were detected in both genotypes in response to fish kairomones. DAS genes shared between both genotypes may indicate their significant role in the post-transcriptional stress response to fish predation. Calpain-3, involved in digestion and nutrient absorption, was identified as a DAS gene in both genotypes when exposed to fish kairomones. In addition, the gene encoding thymosin beta, which is related to growth, was found to be a statistically significant DAS only in KB1, while that encoding ultraspiracle protein, also associated with growth, was only identified in KE2. Moreover, transcripts encoding proteins such as EGF-like domain-containing protein, vitellogenin fused with superoxide dismutase, and others were identified overlapping between DAS events and DETs and potentially elucidating their association with the observed phenotypic variation in each genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the crucial role of alternative splicing in modulating transcriptome landscape under predation stress in D. galeata, emphasizing the requirement for integrating gene expression and splicing analyses in evolutionary adaptation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-June Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Korea
| | - Adeel Malik
- Institute of Intelligence Informatics Technology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Korea
| | - Seung-Min Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Korea
| | - Chang-Bae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molina A, Jordá L, Torres MÁ, Martín-Dacal M, Berlanga DJ, Fernández-Calvo P, Gómez-Rubio E, Martín-Santamaría S. Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance: Current understanding and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:699-724. [PMID: 38594902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their function as structural barriers, plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental conditions. Cell walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental cues. These wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress perception. Plant cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection, wounding, or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules, such as carbohydrates (glycans), that function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance. Similarly, glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI responses. The number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent years. However, the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain limited. Currently, this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family, which are involved in the perception of various molecules, such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (i.e., Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza, respectively) that trigger differential physiological responses. Nevertheless, additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide recognition. These include receptor kinases (RKs) with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs (LRR-MAL RKs), Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group (CrRLK1L) with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs, as well as wall-associated kinases, lectin-RKs, and LRR-extensins. The characterization of structural basis of glycans recognition by these new plant receptors will shed light on their similarities with those of mammalians involved in glycan perception. The gained knowledge holds the potential to facilitate the development of sustainable, glycan-based crop protection solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Rubio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Papageorgiou L, Papa L, Papakonstantinou E, Mataragka A, Dragoumani K, Chaniotis D, Beloukas A, Iliopoulos C, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Chrousos GP, Kossida S, Eliopoulos E, Vlachakis D. SNP and Structural Study of the Notch Superfamily Provides Insights and Novel Pharmacological Targets against the CADASIL Syndrome and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:529. [PMID: 38790158 PMCID: PMC11120892 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary conserved Notch signaling pathway functions as a mediator of direct cell-cell communication between neighboring cells during development. Notch plays a crucial role in various fundamental biological processes in a wide range of tissues. Accordingly, the aberrant signaling of this pathway underlies multiple genetic pathologies such as developmental syndromes, congenital disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Over the last two decades, significant data have shown that the Notch signaling pathway displays a significant function in the mature brains of vertebrates and invertebrates beyond neuronal development and specification during embryonic development. Neuronal connection, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory appear to be regulated by this pathway. Specific mutations in human Notch family proteins have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, CADASIL, and ischemic injury. Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable disorders of the central nervous system that cause the progressive degeneration and/or death of brain nerve cells, affecting both mental function and movement (ataxia). There is currently a lot of study being conducted to better understand the molecular mechanisms by which Notch plays an essential role in the mature brain. In this study, an in silico analysis of polymorphisms and mutations in human Notch family members that lead to neurodegenerative diseases was performed in order to investigate the correlations among Notch family proteins and neurodegenerative diseases. Particular emphasis was placed on the study of mutations in the Notch3 protein and the structure analysis of the mutant Notch3 protein that leads to the manifestation of the CADASIL syndrome in order to spot possible conserved mutations and interpret the effect of these mutations in the Notch3 protein structure. Conserved mutations of cysteine residues may be candidate pharmacological targets for the potential therapy of CADASIL syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (L.P.); (L.P.); (E.P.); (A.M.); (K.D.); (E.E.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Agioy Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Lefteria Papa
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (L.P.); (L.P.); (E.P.); (A.M.); (K.D.); (E.E.)
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (L.P.); (L.P.); (E.P.); (A.M.); (K.D.); (E.E.)
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Antonia Mataragka
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (L.P.); (L.P.); (E.P.); (A.M.); (K.D.); (E.E.)
| | - Konstantina Dragoumani
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (L.P.); (L.P.); (E.P.); (A.M.); (K.D.); (E.E.)
| | - Dimitrios Chaniotis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Agioy Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Apostolos Beloukas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Agioy Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Costas Iliopoulos
- School of Informatics, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, Bush House, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sofia Kossida
- IMGT, The International ImMunoGenetics Information System, Laboratoire d’ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine, (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM), 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (L.P.); (L.P.); (E.P.); (A.M.); (K.D.); (E.E.)
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (L.P.); (L.P.); (E.P.); (A.M.); (K.D.); (E.E.)
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- School of Informatics, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, Bush House, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Lu T, Dong P, Chen J, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Xiao T, Wu H, Zhao Q, Huang H. A single-cell atlas of Drosophila trachea reveals glycosylation-mediated Notch signaling in cell fate specification. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2019. [PMID: 38448482 PMCID: PMC10917797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46455-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila tracheal system is a favorable model for investigating the program of tubular morphogenesis. This system is established in the embryo by post-mitotic cells, but also undergoes remodeling by adult stem cells. Here, we provide a comprehensive cell atlas of Drosophila trachea using the single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technique. The atlas documents transcriptional profiles of tracheoblasts within the Drosophila airway, delineating 9 major subtypes. Further evidence gained from in silico as well as genetic investigations highlight a set of transcription factors characterized by their capacity to switch cell fate. Notably, the transcription factors Pebbled, Blistered, Knirps, Spalt and Cut are influenced by Notch signaling and determine tracheal cell identity. Moreover, Notch signaling orchestrates transcriptional activities essential for tracheoblast differentiation and responds to protein glycosylation that is induced by high sugar diet. Therefore, our study yields a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of tracheal development and regeneration, and suggests a glycosylation-responsive Notch signaling in cell fate determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Cell Biology, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, China
| | - Tianfeng Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, China
| | - Pengzhen Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, China
| | - Tianheng Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, China
| | - Honggang Wu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China.
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong S, Wang Z, Xiong W. POFUT1 promotes gastric cancer progression through Notch/Wnt dual signaling pathways dependent on the parafibromin-NICD1-β-catenin complex. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:806-817. [PMID: 37501238 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant glycosylation performed by glycosyltransferases is a leading cause of gastric cancer (GC). Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) expression is increased in GC specimens and cells. In this study, the biological effects and mechanisms of POFUT1 underlying the development of GC were investigated. METHODS POFUT1 downregulated and upregulated GC cells were established. The effects of POFUT1 on cell proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis were examined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. Subcutaneous xenograft tumor models were established followed by immunohistochemistry staining of resected tumors. Facilitating modulators and transcription factors were detected by western blot, immunofluorescence, luciferase reporter assay, and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS POFUT1 played a pro-oncogenic role both in vivo and in vitro, which promoted proliferation and metastasis, as well as inhibited apoptosis in GC cells. POFUT1 promoted Cyclin D3 expression and inhibited the expression of apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase 3, facilitating tumor growth. Moreover, POFUT1 accelerated matrix metalloproteases expression and attenuated E-cadherin expression, contributing to GC metastasis. In addition, POFUT1 expression promoted the expression and nuclear translocation of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1) and β-catenin and inhibited β-catenin phosphorylation degradation, accompanied by the activation of recombination signal binding protein-Jκ (RBP-J) and T-cell factor (TCF) transcription factors, respectively. It is notable that parafibromin integrated NICD1 and β-catenin, enabling the concerted activation of Wnt and Notch signaling targeted proteins. CONCLUSION These observations indicated that POFUT1 promoted GC development through activation of Notch and Wnt signaling pathways, which depended on the parafibromin-NICD1-β-catenin complex. This work provides new evidence for the further diagnosis and treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Dong
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wujun Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bender KW, Zipfel C. Paradigms of receptor kinase signaling in plants. Biochem J 2023; 480:835-854. [PMID: 37326386 PMCID: PMC10317173 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant receptor kinases (RKs) function as key plasma-membrane localized receptors in the perception of molecular ligands regulating development and environmental response. Through the perception of diverse ligands, RKs regulate various aspects throughout the plant life cycle from fertilization to seed set. Thirty years of research on plant RKs has generated a wealth of knowledge on how RKs perceive ligands and activate downstream signaling. In the present review, we synthesize this body of knowledge into five central paradigms of plant RK signaling: (1) RKs are encoded by expanded gene families, largely conserved throughout land plant evolution; (2) RKs perceive many different kinds of ligands through a range of ectodomain architectures; (3) RK complexes are typically activated by co-receptor recruitment; (4) post-translational modifications fulfill central roles in both the activation and attenuation of RK-mediated signaling; and, (5) RKs activate a common set of downstream signaling processes through receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs). For each of these paradigms, we discuss key illustrative examples and also highlight known exceptions. We conclude by presenting five critical gaps in our understanding of RK function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W. Bender
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen D, Forghany Z, Liu X, Wang H, Merks RMH, Baker DA. A new model of Notch signalling: Control of Notch receptor cis-inhibition via Notch ligand dimers. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010169. [PMID: 36668673 PMCID: PMC9891537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
All tissue development and replenishment relies upon the breaking of symmetries leading to the morphological and operational differentiation of progenitor cells into more specialized cells. One of the main engines driving this process is the Notch signal transduction pathway, a ubiquitous signalling system found in the vast majority of metazoan cell types characterized to date. Broadly speaking, Notch receptor activity is governed by a balance between two processes: 1) intercellular Notch transactivation triggered via interactions between receptors and ligands expressed in neighbouring cells; 2) intracellular cis inhibition caused by ligands binding to receptors within the same cell. Additionally, recent reports have also unveiled evidence of cis activation. Whilst context-dependent Notch receptor clustering has been hypothesized, to date, Notch signalling has been assumed to involve an interplay between receptor and ligand monomers. In this study, we demonstrate biochemically, through a mutational analysis of DLL4, both in vitro and in tissue culture cells, that Notch ligands can efficiently self-associate. We found that the membrane proximal EGF-like repeat of DLL4 was necessary and sufficient to promote oligomerization/dimerization. Mechanistically, our experimental evidence supports the view that DLL4 ligand dimerization is specifically required for cis-inhibition of Notch receptor activity. To further substantiate these findings, we have adapted and extended existing ordinary differential equation-based models of Notch signalling to take account of the ligand dimerization-dependent cis-inhibition reported here. Our new model faithfully recapitulates our experimental data and improves predictions based upon published data. Collectively, our work favours a model in which net output following Notch receptor/ligand binding results from ligand monomer-driven Notch receptor transactivation (and cis activation) counterposed by ligand dimer-mediated cis-inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daipeng Chen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zary Forghany
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Haijiang Wang
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Roeland M. H. Merks
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (RMHM); (DAB)
| | - David A. Baker
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (RMHM); (DAB)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Steinman L, Patarca R, Haseltine W. Experimental encephalomyelitis at age 90, still relevant and elucidating how viruses trigger disease. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213807. [PMID: 36652203 PMCID: PMC9880878 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
20 yr ago, a tribute appeared in this journal on the 70th anniversary of an animal model of disseminated encephalomyelitis, abbreviated EAE for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. "Observations on Attempts to Produce Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Monkeys" appeared in the Journal of Experimental Medicine on February 21, 1933. Rivers and colleagues were trying to understand what caused neurological reactions to viral infections like smallpox, vaccinia, and measles, and what triggered rare instances of encephalomyelitis to smallpox vaccines. The animal model known as EAE continues to display its remarkable utility. Recent research, since the 70th-anniversary tribute, helps explain how Epstein-Barr virus triggers multiple sclerosis via molecular mimicry to a protein known as GlialCAM. Proteins with multiple domains similar to GlialCAM, tenascin, neuregulin, contactin, and protease kinase C inhibitors are present in the poxvirus family. These observations take us a full circle back to Rivers' first paper on EAE, 90 yr ago.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,Correspondence to Lawrence Steinman:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mierke CT. The versatile roles of ADAM8 in cancer cell migration, mechanics, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1130823. [PMID: 36910158 PMCID: PMC9995898 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1130823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The posttranslational proteolytic cleavage is a unique and irreversible process that governs the function and half-life of numerous proteins. Thereby the role of the family of A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) plays a leading part. A member of this family, ADAM8, has gained attention in regulating disorders, such as neurogenerative diseases, immune function and cancer, by attenuating the function of proteins nearby the extracellular membrane leaflet. This process of "ectodomain shedding" can alter the turnover rate of a number of transmembrane proteins that function in cell adhesion and receptor signal transduction. In the past, the major focus of research about ADAMs have been on neurogenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer, however, there seems to be evidence for a connection between ADAM8 and cancer. The role of ADAMs in the field of cancer research has gained recent attention, but it has been not yet been extensively addressed. Thus, this review article highlights the various roles of ADAM8 with particular emphasis on pathological conditions, such as cancer and malignant cancer progression. Here, the shedding function, direct and indirect matrix degradation, effects on cancer cell mobility and transmigration, and the interplay of ADAM8 with matrix-embedded neighboring cells are presented and discussed. Moreover, the most probable mechanical impact of ADAM8 on cancer cells and their matrix environment is addressed and debated. In summary, this review presents recent advances in substrates/ligands and functions of ADAM8 in its new role in cancer and its potential link to cell mechanical properties and discusses matrix mechanics modifying properties. A deeper comprehension of the regulatory mechanisms governing the expression, subcellular localization, and activity of ADAM8 is expected to reveal appropriate drug targets that will permit a more tailored and fine-tuned modification of its proteolytic activity in cancer development and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peters TMA, Merx J, Kooijman PC, Noga M, de Boer S, van Gemert LA, Salden G, Engelke UFH, Lefeber DJ, van Outersterp RE, Berden G, Boltje TJ, Artuch R, Pías-Peleteiro L, García-Cazorla Á, Barić I, Thöny B, Oomens J, Martens J, Wevers RA, Verbeek MM, Coene KLM, Willemsen MAAP. Novel cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome: Implications beyond the brain's energy deficit. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:66-75. [PMID: 36088537 PMCID: PMC10091941 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We used next-generation metabolic screening to identify new biomarkers for improved diagnosis and pathophysiological understanding of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS), comparing metabolic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profiles from 12 patients to those of 116 controls. This confirmed decreased CSF glucose and lactate levels in patients with GLUT1DS and increased glutamine at group level. We identified three novel biomarkers significantly decreased in patients, namely gluconic + galactonic acid, xylose-α1-3-glucose, and xylose-α1-3-xylose-α1-3-glucose, of which the latter two have not previously been identified in body fluids. CSF concentrations of gluconic + galactonic acid may be reduced as these metabolites could serve as alternative substrates for the pentose phosphate pathway. Xylose-α1-3-glucose and xylose-α1-3-xylose-α1-3-glucose may originate from glycosylated proteins; their decreased levels are hypothetically the consequence of insufficient glucose, one of two substrates for O-glucosylation. Since many proteins are O-glucosylated, this deficiency may affect cellular processes and thus contribute to GLUT1DS pathophysiology. The novel CSF biomarkers have the potential to improve the biochemical diagnosis of GLUT1DS. Our findings imply that brain glucose deficiency in GLUT1DS may cause disruptions at the cellular level that go beyond energy metabolism, underlining the importance of developing treatment strategies that directly target cerebral glucose uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa M A Peters
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jona Merx
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Kooijman
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marek Noga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Siebolt de Boer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Loes A van Gemert
- Amalia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Neurology & Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Salden
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Udo F H Engelke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne E van Outersterp
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER and MetabERN Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Pías-Peleteiro
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER and MetabERN Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángeles García-Cazorla
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER and MetabERN Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo Barić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb & University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karlien L M Coene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Elisabeth TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Michèl A A P Willemsen
- Amalia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Neurology & Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Demir R, Deveci R. In silico analysis of glycosylation pattern in 5 th-6 th repeat sequence of reelin glycoprotein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10065-10073. [PMID: 34121615 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1938682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that plays a key role in cortical development, maturation, synaptic plasticity, and memory formation in the adult mammalian brain. Glycosylation is a significant post- and co-translational modification of proteins. Although glycosylation contributes to the characteristic of proteins from their production to molecular interactions, the knowledge about the glycosylation pattern of reelin is very limited. In this study, we aimed to predict the potential glycosylation pattern of the 5th-6th repeat of central reelin fragment that responsible for their signaling, by using in silico methods. We found that the predicted glycosylation pattern of the 5th-6th repeat of human reelin was highly conserved between vertebrate species. However, this conservation was not observed in analyzed invertebrates. For the first time, we described the sites of glycosylation at a three-dimensional protein structure in human reelin. Because the sites were very closed to EGF-like repeats and receptor binding sites, they could contribute the interaction with a partner of reelin in addition to the effect of thermostability to protein. Many of the residues related glycosylation were also conserved in analyzed species. These findings may guide biochemical, genetic, and glycobiology base on further experiments about reelin glycosylation. The understanding of reelin glycosylation might change the point of view of treatment for many pathological conditions in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramiz Demir
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,The Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Remziye Deveci
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Notch Missense Mutations in Drosophila Reveal Functions of Specific EGF-like Repeats in Notch Folding, Trafficking, and Signaling. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121752. [PMID: 36551180 PMCID: PMC9775759 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling plays various roles in cell-fate specification through direct cell-cell interactions. Notch receptors are evolutionarily conserved transmembrane proteins with multiple epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats. Drosophila Notch has 36 EGF-like repeats, and while some play a role in Notch signaling, the specific functions of most remain unclear. To investigate the role of each EGF-like repeat, we used 19 previously identified missense mutations of Notch with unique amino acid substitutions in various EGF-like repeats and a transmembrane domain; 17 of these were identified through a single genetic screen. We assessed these mutants' phenotypes in the nervous system and hindgut during embryogenesis, and found that 10 of the 19 Notch mutants had defects in both lateral inhibition and inductive Notch signaling, showing context dependency. Of these 10 mutants, six accumulated Notch in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and these six were located in EGF-like repeats 8-10 or 25. Mutations with cysteine substitutions were not always coupled with ER accumulation. This suggests that certain EGF-like repeats may be particularly susceptible to structural perturbation, resulting in a misfolded and inactive Notch product that accumulates in the ER. Thus, we propose that these EGF-like repeats may be integral to Notch folding.
Collapse
|
13
|
Anti-Jagged-1 immunotherapy in cancer. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:196-202. [PMID: 35421813 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway and it plays an essential role in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The human Notch family includes four receptors, Notch 1-4, and five ligands, delta-like ligand 1 (DLL1), delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3), delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4), Jagged-1 (JAG1), and Jagged-2 (JAG2). It is widely known, that Notch signaling components are often mutated and have deregulated expression in many types of cancer and other diseases. Thus, various therapeutic approaches targeting receptors and ligands of the Notch pathway are being investigated. Human JAG1 is closely related to tumor biology among the Notch ligands, and recent studies have shown potential for monoclonal antibodies targeting JAG1 in cancer therapy. Therefore, this review focuses on current reports on the significance of JAG1 directed cancer treatment, emphasizing immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Garcia-Delgado AB, Valdes-Sanchez L, Morillo-Sanchez MJ, Ponte-Zuñiga B, Diaz-Corrales FJ, de la Cerda B. Dissecting the role of EYS in retinal degeneration: clinical and molecular aspects and its implications for future therapy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:222. [PMID: 34001227 PMCID: PMC8127272 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the EYS gene are one of the major causes of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. EYS-retinopathy presents a severe clinical phenotype, and patients currently have no therapeutic options. The progress in personalised medicine and gene and cell therapies hold promise for treating this degenerative disease. However, lack of understanding and incomplete comprehension of disease's mechanism and the role of EYS in the healthy retina are critical limitations for the translation of current technical advances into real therapeutic possibilities. This review recapitulates the present knowledge about EYS-retinopathies, their clinical presentations and proposed genotype–phenotype correlations. Molecular details of the gene and the protein, mainly based on animal model data, are analysed. The proposed cellular localisation and roles of this large multi-domain protein are detailed. Future therapeutic approaches for EYS-retinopathies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Garcia-Delgado
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Valdes-Sanchez
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Ponte-Zuñiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.,Retics Oftared, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Diaz-Corrales
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Berta de la Cerda
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio 24, 41092, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lira-Navarrete E, Pallarés MC, Castello F, Ruedas-Rama MJ, Orte A, Lostao A, Hurtado-Guerrero R. Protein O-Fucosyltransferase 1 Undergoes Interdomain Flexibility in Solution. Molecules 2021; 26:2105. [PMID: 33916911 PMCID: PMC8067585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (PoFUT1) is a GT-B fold enzyme that fucosylates proteins containing EGF-like repeats. GT-B glycosyltransferases have shown a remarkable grade of plasticity adopting closed and open conformations as a way of tuning their catalytic cycle, a feature that has not been observed for PoFUT1. Here, we analyzed Caenorhabditis elegans PoFUT1 (CePoFUT1) conformational behavior in solution by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (SMF-FRET). Our results show that this enzyme is very flexible and adopts mainly compact conformations and to a lesser extend a highly dynamic population that oscillates between compact and highly extended conformations. Overall, our experiments illustrate the inherent complexity of CePoFUT1 dynamics, which might play a role during its catalytic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - María Carmen Pallarés
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fabio Castello
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.C.); (M.J.R.-R.)
| | - Maria J. Ruedas-Rama
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.C.); (M.J.R.-R.)
| | - Angel Orte
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.C.); (M.J.R.-R.)
| | - Anabel Lostao
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Barua R, Mizuno K, Tashima Y, Ogawa M, Takeuchi H, Taguchi A, Okajima T. Bioinformatics and Functional Analyses Implicate Potential Roles for EOGT and L-fringe in Pancreatic Cancers. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040882. [PMID: 33562410 PMCID: PMC7915272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling receptors, ligands, and their downstream target genes are dysregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), suggesting a role of Notch signaling in pancreatic tumor development and progression. However, dysregulation of Notch signaling by post-translational modification of Notch receptors remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the Notch-modifying glycosyltransferase involved in the regulation of the ligand-dependent Notch signaling pathway. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (EOGT) and Lunatic fringe (LFNG) positively correlates with a subset of Notch signaling genes in PDAC. The lack of EOGT or LFNG expression inhibited the proliferation and migration of Panc-1 cells, as observed by the inhibition of Notch activation. EOGT expression is significantly increased in the basal subtype, and low expression of both EOGT and LFNG predicts better overall survival in PDAC patients. These results imply potential roles for EOGT- and LFNG-dependent Notch signaling in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashu Barua
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.B.); (Y.T.); (M.O.); (H.T.)
| | - Kazuyuki Mizuno
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan; (K.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Yuko Tashima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.B.); (Y.T.); (M.O.); (H.T.)
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Integrated Glyco-Biomedical Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.B.); (Y.T.); (M.O.); (H.T.)
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Integrated Glyco-Biomedical Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.B.); (Y.T.); (M.O.); (H.T.)
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Integrated Glyco-Biomedical Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayumu Taguchi
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan; (K.M.); (A.T.)
- Division of Advanced Cancer Diagnostics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.B.); (Y.T.); (M.O.); (H.T.)
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Integrated Glyco-Biomedical Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-744-2068; Fax: +81-52-744-2069
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Structure, function, and pathology of protein O-glucosyltransferases. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:71. [PMID: 33436558 PMCID: PMC7803782 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein O-glucosylation is a crucial form of O-glycosylation, which involves glucose (Glc) addition to a serine residue within a consensus sequence of epidermal growth factor epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats found in several proteins, including Notch. Glc provides stability to EGF-like repeats, is required for S2 cleavage of Notch, and serves to regulate the trafficking of Notch, crumbs2, and Eyes shut proteins to the cell surface. Genetic and biochemical studies have shown a link between aberrant protein O-glucosylation and human diseases. The main players of protein O-glucosylation, protein O-glucosyltransferases (POGLUTs), use uridine diphosphate (UDP)-Glc as a substrate to modify EGF repeats and reside in the endoplasmic reticulum via C-terminal KDEL-like signals. In addition to O-glucosylation activity, POGLUTs can also perform protein O-xylosylation function, i.e., adding xylose (Xyl) from UDP-Xyl; however, both activities rely on residues of EGF repeats, active-site conformations of POGLUTs and sugar substrate concentrations in the ER. Impaired expression of POGLUTs has been associated with initiation and progression of human diseases such as limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, Dowling-Degos disease 4, acute myeloid leukemia, and hepatocytes and pancreatic dysfunction. POGLUTs have been found to alter the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs), by affecting Notch or transforming growth factor-β1 signaling, and cause cell proliferation inhibition or induction depending on the particular cell types, which characterizes POGLUT's cell-dependent dual role. Except for a few downstream elements, the precise mechanisms whereby aberrant protein O-glucosylation causes diseases are largely unknown, leaving behind many questions that need to be addressed. This systemic review comprehensively covers literature to understand the O-glucosyltransferases with a focus on POGLUT1 structure and function, and their role in health and diseases. Moreover, this study also raises unanswered issues for future research in cancer biology, cell communications, muscular diseases, etc.
Collapse
|
18
|
POFUT1 mRNA expression as an independent prognostic parameter in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100900. [PMID: 33099185 PMCID: PMC7581975 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is characterized by high recurrence and rapid progression. Progression is linked to changes in glycan structures and altered levels of glycosyltransferases. The relationship of mRNA expression by glycosyltransferase genes B4GALT1, EXT1, MGAT5B, and POFUT1 to the probability of surviving MIBC after radical cystectomy has not yet been investigated. mRNA expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor samples (n = 105; 74% male patients and 26% female patients; median age = 72 years), correlated with histopathological variables, and evaluated by means of multivariable Cox regression analysis regarding to overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified POFUT1 mRNA expression as superior prognostic marker, compared with currently used histological tumor stage methods, for CSS by MIBC patients following radical cystectomy. Thus, the patients with low POFUT1 mRNA were at a 4.9-fold greater risk for cancer-specific death according to the multivariable analysis (p = 0.0001). Low mRNA levels predicted poor survival according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis ((POFUT1:OS p = 0.0014; CSS p = 0.0007; DFS p = 0.0088); (EXT1:OS p = 0.0150; CSS p = 0.0130; DFS p = 0.0286); (B4GALT1:CSS p = 0.0134; DFS p = 0.0493)). A subgroup analysis of patients without lymph node metastasis (pN−; n = 73) indicated that low expression of POFUT1 predicted reduced OS (p = 0.0073), CSS (p = 0.0058,) and DSS (p = 0.0079). Low levels of POFUT1 mRNA are an independent prognostic indicator for OS and CSS in MIBC patients following radical cystectomy. This finding demonstrates the importance of altered glycosylation for the progress of MIBC. Low POFUT1 mRNA expression is associated with a higher risk for overall and cancer-specific death in MIBC treated with RC. MIBC patients with pN0 histology and, decreased POFUT1 mRNA levels showed poor outcome for OS, CSS and, DFS. POFUT1 mRNA is an independent prognostic indicator for OS and CSS in multivariable analysis of MIBC patients following RC.
Collapse
|
19
|
Pandey A, Harvey BM, Lopez MF, Ito A, Haltiwanger RS, Jafar-Nejad H. Glycosylation of Specific Notch EGF Repeats by O-Fut1 and Fringe Regulates Notch Signaling in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2054-2066.e6. [PMID: 31722217 PMCID: PMC6866671 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fringe glycosyltransferases differentially modulate the binding of Notch receptors to Delta/DLL versus Serrate/Jagged ligands by adding GlcNAc to O-linked fucose on Notch epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats. Although Notch has 22 O-fucosylation sites, the biologically relevant sites affecting Notch activity during animal development in vivo in the presence or absence of Fringe are not known. Using a variety of assays, we find important roles in Drosophila Notch signaling for GlcNAc-fucose-O glycans on three sites: EGF8, EGF9, and EGF12. O-Fucose monosaccharide on EGF12 (in the absence of Fringe) is essential for Delta-mediated lateral inhibition in embryos. However, wing vein development depends on the addition of GlcNAc to EGF8 and EGF12 by Fringe, with a minor contribution from EGF9. Fringe modifications of EGF8 and EGF12 together prevent Notch from cis-inhibiting Serrate, thereby promoting normal wing margin formation. Our work shows the combinatorial and context-dependent roles of GlcNAc-fucose-O glycans on these sites in Drosophila Notch-ligand interactions. POFUT1/O-Fut1 and Fringe glycosyltransferases regulate Notch signaling by adding fucose and GlcNAc, respectively, to Notch EGF repeats. Using in vitro and in vivo experiments, Pandey et al. define the critical target sites of these enzymes on Drosophila Notch and determine the distinct roles of each sugar in Notch-dependent processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Beth M Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mario F Lopez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Atsuko Ito
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kakuda S, LoPilato RK, Ito A, Haltiwanger RS. Canonical Notch ligands and Fringes have distinct effects on NOTCH1 and NOTCH2. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14710-14722. [PMID: 32820046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is a cellular pathway regulating cell-fate determination and adult tissue homeostasis. Little is known about how canonical Notch ligands or Fringe enzymes differentially affect NOTCH1 and NOTCH2. Using cell-based Notch signaling and ligand-binding assays, we evaluated differences in NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 responses to Delta-like (DLL) and Jagged (JAG) family members and the extent to which Fringe enzymes modulate their activity. In the absence of Fringes, DLL4-NOTCH1 activation was more than twice that of DLL4-NOTCH2, whereas all other ligands activated NOTCH2 similarly or slightly more than NOTCH1. However, NOTCH2 showed less sensitivity to the Fringes. Lunatic fringe (LFNG) enhanced NOTCH2 activation by DLL1 and -4, and Manic fringe (MFNG) inhibited NOTCH2 activation by JAG1 and -2. Mass spectral analysis showed that O-fucose occurred at high stoichiometry at most consensus sequences of NOTCH2 and that the Fringe enzymes modified more O-fucose sites of NOTCH2 compared with NOTCH1. Mutagenesis studies showed that LFNG modification of O-fucose on EGF8 and -12 of NOTCH2 was responsible for enhancement of DLL1-NOTCH2 activation, similar to previous reports for NOTCH1. In contrast to NOTCH1, a single O-fucose site mutant that substantially blocked the ability of MFNG to inhibit NOTCH2 activation by JAG1 could not be identified. Interestingly, elimination of the O-fucose site on EGF12 allowed LFNG to inhibit JAG1-NOTCH2 activation, and O-fucosylation on EGF9 was important for trafficking of both NOTCH1 and NOTCH2. Together, these studies provide new insights into the differential regulation of NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 by Notch ligands and Fringe enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinako Kakuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Rachel K LoPilato
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Atsuko Ito
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ye B, Zhao Z, Yue D, Li P, Wang L, Zhang B, Fan Q. Construction of the Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus Bacmid System. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5. [PMID: 32936894 PMCID: PMC7494183 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we established the Antheraea pernyi multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnpeNPV) bacmid system for the construction of a Bac-to-Bac expression system and the generation of virus mutants. The CopyRight pSMART BAC cloning vector harboring the chloramphenicol resistance gene was introduced into the AnpeNPV genome to produce the AnpeNPV bacmid that could be propagated in Escherichia coli with stable replication. The enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was successfully expressed in both Tn-Hi5 cells and A. pernyi pupae using the AnpeNPV Bac-to-Bac expression system. To generate the AnpeNPV mutants, we developed the AnpeNPV bacmid/λ Red recombination system that facilitated the deletion of viral genes from the AnpeNPV genome. The genes cathepsin and chitinase were deleted and a derivative AnpeNPV Bac-to-Bac expression system was constructed. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the novel expression system could be used to express human epidermal growth factor in A. pernyi pupae. Taken together, the AnpeNPV bacmid system provides a powerful tool to create the AnpeNPV Bac-to-Bac expression system for protein expression in A. pernyi pupae. Further, it helps to knock-out genes from the AnpeNPV genome with λ Red recombination system for identification of the role of viral genes involved in regulating gene expression, DNA replication, virion structure, and infectivity during the AnpeNPV infection process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ye
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Dongmei Yue
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Linmei Wang
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu S, Sun F, Wu R. A Chemoenzymatic Method Based on Easily Accessible Enzymes for Profiling Protein O-GlcNAcylation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9807-9814. [PMID: 32574038 PMCID: PMC7437014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation has gradually been recognized as a critically important protein post-translational modification in mammalian cells. Besides regulation of gene expression, its crosstalk with protein phosphorylation is vital for cell signaling. Despite its importance, comprehensive analysis of O-GlcNAcylation is extraordinarily challenging due to the low abundances of many O-GlcNAcylated proteins and the complexity of biological samples. Here, we developed a novel chemoenzymatic method based on a wild-type galactosyltransferase and uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-Gal) for global and site-specific analysis of protein O-GlcNAcylation. This method integrates enzymatic reactions and hydrazide chemistry to enrich O-GlcNAcylated peptides. All reagents used are more easily accessible and cost-effective as compared to the engineered enzyme and click chemistry reagents. Biological triplicate experiments were performed to validate the effectiveness and the reproducibility of this method, and the results are comparable with the previous chemoenzymatic method using the engineered enzyme and click chemistry. Moreover, because of the promiscuity of the galactosyltransferase, 18 unique O-glucosylated peptides were identified on the EGF domain from nine proteins. Considering that effective and approachable methods are critical to advance glycoscience research, the current method without any sample restrictions can be widely applied for global analysis of protein O-GlcNAcylation in different samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senhan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Fangxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pandey A, Niknejad N, Jafar-Nejad H. Multifaceted regulation of Notch signaling by glycosylation. Glycobiology 2020; 31:8-28. [PMID: 32472127 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To build a complex body composed of various cell types and tissues and to maintain tissue homeostasis in the postembryonic period, animals use a small number of highly conserved intercellular communication pathways. Among these is the Notch signaling pathway, which is mediated via the interaction of transmembrane Notch receptors and ligands usually expressed by neighboring cells. Maintaining optimal Notch pathway activity is essential for normal development, as evidenced by various human diseases caused by decreased and increased Notch signaling. It is therefore not surprising that multiple mechanisms are used to control the activation of this pathway in time and space. Over the last 20 years, protein glycosylation has been recognized as a major regulatory mechanism for Notch signaling. In this review, we will provide a summary of the various types of glycan that have been shown to modulate Notch signaling. Building on recent advances in the biochemistry, structural biology, cell biology and genetics of Notch receptors and the glycosyltransferases that modify them, we will provide a detailed discussion on how various steps during Notch activation are regulated by glycans. Our hope is that the current review article will stimulate additional research in the field of Notch glycobiology and will potentially be of benefit to investigators examining the contribution of glycosylation to other developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program.,Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rautengarten C, Quarrell OW, Stals K, Caswell RC, De Franco E, Baple E, Burgess N, Jokhi R, Heazlewood JL, Offiah AC, Ebert B, Ellard S. A hypomorphic allele of SLC35D1 results in Schneckenbecken-like dysplasia. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3543-3551. [PMID: 31423530 PMCID: PMC6927460 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a consanguineous couple who lost four pregnancies associated with skeletal dysplasia. Radiological examination of one fetus was inconclusive. Parental exome sequencing showed that both parents were heterozygous for a novel missense variant, p.(Pro133Leu), in the SLC35D1 gene encoding a nucleotide sugar transporter. The affected fetus was homozygous for the variant. The radiological features were reviewed, and being similar, but atypical, the phenotype was classified as a ‘Schneckenbecken-like dysplasia.’ The effect of the missense change was assessed using protein modelling techniques and indicated alterations in the mouth of the solute channel. A detailed biochemical investigation of SLC35D1 transport function and that of the missense variant p.(Pro133Leu) revealed that SLC35D1 acts as a general UDP-sugar transporter and that the p.(Pro133Leu) mutation resulted in a significant decrease in transport activity. The reduced transport activity observed for p.(Pro133Leu) was contrasted with in vitro activity for SLC35D1 p.(Thr65Pro), the loss-of-function mutation was associated with Schneckenbecken dysplasia. The functional classification of SLC35D1 as a general nucleotide sugar transporter of the endoplasmic reticulum suggests an expanded role for this transporter beyond chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis to a variety of important glycosylation reactions occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver W Quarrell
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
| | - Karen Stals
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Richard C Caswell
- University of Exeter School of Medicine, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Elisa De Franco
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Emma Baple
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.,University of Exeter School of Medicine, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Nadia Burgess
- Department of Histology, Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield UK. S10 2TH, UK
| | - Roobin Jokhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Jessop Wing Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Amaka C Offiah
- University of Sheffield, Academic Unit of Child Health, Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sian Ellard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.,University of Exeter School of Medicine, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Urata Y, Saiki W, Tsukamoto Y, Sago H, Hibi H, Okajima T, Takeuchi H. Xylosyl Extension of O-Glucose Glycans on the Extracellular Domain of NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 Regulates Notch Cell Surface Trafficking. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051220. [PMID: 32423029 PMCID: PMC7291291 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical and genetic studies have indicated that O-linked glycosylation such as O-glucose (Glc), fucose (Fuc), and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is critical for Notch signaling; however, it is not fully understood how O-glycans regulate the Notch receptor function. Notch receptors are type-I transmembrane proteins with large extracellular domains (ECD), containing 29–36 epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats. Here, we analyzed O-Glc glycans on NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 expressed in HEK293T cells using an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer and successfully revealed the structures and stoichiometries of all 17 EGF repeats of NOTCH1 with the O-Glc consensus sequence (C1-X-S-X-(P/A)-C2), and 16 out of 17 EGF repeats of NOTCH2 with the same consensus sequence. High levels of O-Glc attachment and xylosyl elongation were detected on most NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 EGF repeats. When both glucoside xylosyltransferases, GXYLT1 and GXYLT2, responsible for the xylosyl elongation of O-glucose, were genetically deleted, the expression of endogenous NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 on the surface of HEK293T cells did not change, but the cell surface expression of overexpressed NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 decreased compared with that in the wild type cells. In vitro secretion assays consistently showed a reduced secretion of both the NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 ECDs in GXYLT1 and GXYLT2 double knockout cells compared with the wild type cells, suggesting a significant role of the elongation of O-Glc glycans on the Notch ECDs in the quality control of Notch receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Urata
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.U.); (W.S.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Wataru Saiki
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.U.); (W.S.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Yohei Tsukamoto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.U.); (W.S.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroaki Sago
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.U.); (W.S.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Hideharu Hibi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.U.); (W.S.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (H.T.); Tel.: +81-52-744-2068 (H.T.)
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.U.); (W.S.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (H.T.); Tel.: +81-52-744-2068 (H.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ligand-Induced Cis-Inhibition of Notch Signaling: The Role of an Extracellular Region of Serrate. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1227:29-49. [PMID: 32072497 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36422-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular development can be controlled by communication between adjacent cells mediated by the highly conserved Notch signaling system. A cell expressing the Notch receptor on one cell can be activated in trans by ligands on an adjacent cell leading to alteration of transcription and cellular fate. Ligands also have the ability to inhibit Notch signaling, and this can be accomplished when both receptor and ligands are coexpressed in cis on the same cell. The manner in which cis-inhibition is accomplished is not entirely clear but it is known to involve several different protein domains of the ligands and the receptor. Some of the protein domains involved in trans-activation are also used for cis-inhibition, but some are used uniquely for each process. In this work, the involvement of various ligand regions and the receptor are discussed in relation to their contributions to Notch signaling.
Collapse
|
27
|
Urata Y, Takeuchi H. Effects of Notch glycosylation on health and diseases. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 62:35-48. [PMID: 31886522 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway and is essential for cell-fate specification in metazoans. Dysregulation of Notch signaling results in various human diseases, including cardiovascular defects and cancer. In 2000, Fringe, a known regulator of Notch signaling, was discovered as a Notch-modifying glycosyltransferase. Since then, glycosylation-a post-translational modification involving literal sugars-on the Notch extracellular domain has been noted as a critical mechanism for the regulation of Notch signaling. Additionally, the presence of diverse O-glycans decorating Notch receptors has been revealed in the extracellular domain epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats. Here, we concisely summarize the recent studies in the human diseases associated with aberrant Notch glycosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Urata
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Adams JM, Jafar-Nejad H. The Roles of Notch Signaling in Liver Development and Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100608. [PMID: 31615106 PMCID: PMC6843177 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays major roles in organ development across animal species. In the mammalian liver, Notch has been found critical in development, regeneration and disease. In this review, we highlight the major advances in our understanding of the role of Notch activity in proper liver development and function. Specifically, we discuss the latest discoveries on how Notch, in conjunction with other signaling pathways, aids in proper liver development, regeneration and repair. In addition, we review the latest in the role of Notch signaling in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and chronic liver disease. Finally, recent evidence has shed light on the emerging connection between Notch signaling and glucose and lipid metabolism. We hope that highlighting the major advances in the roles of Notch signaling in the liver will stimulate further research in this exciting field and generate additional ideas for therapeutic manipulation of the Notch pathway in liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Adams
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Holdener BC, Haltiwanger RS. Protein O-fucosylation: structure and function. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 56:78-86. [PMID: 30690220 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fucose is a common terminal modification on protein and lipid glycans. Fucose can also be directly linked to protein via an O-linkage to Serine or Threonine residues located within consensus sequences contained in Epidermal Growth Factor-like (EGF) repeats and Thrombospondin Type 1 Repeats (TSRs). In this context, fucose is added exclusively to properly folded EGF repeats and TSRs by Protein O-fucosyltransferases 1 and 2, respectively. In both cases, the O-linked fucose can also be elongated with other sugars. Here, we describe the biological importance of these O-fucose glycans and molecular mechanisms by which they affect the function of the proteins they modify. O-Fucosylation of EGF repeats modulates the Notch signaling pathway, while O-fucosylation of TSRs is predicted to influence secretion of targets including several extracellular proteases. Recent data show O-fucose glycans mediate their effects by participating in both intermolecular and intramolecular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette C Holdener
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ogawa M, Okajima T. Structure and function of extracellular O-GlcNAc. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 56:72-77. [PMID: 30669087 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular O-GlcNAc is a unique modification restricted to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-containing glycoproteins. This O-GlcNAcylation is catalyzed by the EGF-domain specific O-GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), which is localized in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum. In humans, EOGT is one of the causative genes of a congenital disease, Adams-Oliver syndrome. EOGT is highly expressed in endothelial cells and regulates vascular development and integrity by potentiating Delta-like ligand-mediated Notch signaling. In Drosophila, Eogt modifies Dumpy, an apical extracellular matrix glycoprotein, and affects Dumpy-dependent cell-matrix interaction. In this review, we summarize the current findings of the structure and functions of extracellular O-GlcNAc in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tashima Y, Okajima T. Congenital diseases caused by defective O-glycosylation of Notch receptors. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018; 80:299-307. [PMID: 30214079 PMCID: PMC6125653 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.80.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is highly conserved and essential for animal development. It is required for cell differentiation, survival, and proliferation. Regulation of Notch signaling is a crucial process for human health. Ligands initiate a signal cascade by binding to Notch receptors expressed on a neighboring cell. Notch receptors interact with ligands through their epidermal growth factor-like repeats (EGF repeats). Most EGF repeats are modified by O-glycosylation with residues such as O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), O-fucose, and O-glucose. These O-glycan modifications are important for Notch function. Defects in O-glycosylation affect Notch-ligand interaction, trafficking of Notch receptors, and Notch stability on the cell surface. Although the roles of each modification are not fully understood, O-fucose is essential for binding of Notch receptors to their ligands. We reported an EGF domain-specific O-GlcNAc transferase (EOGT) localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in genes encoding EOGT or NOTCH1 cause Adams-Oliver syndrome. Dysregulation of Notch signaling because of defects or mutations in Notch receptors or Notch signal-regulating proteins, such as glycosyltransferases, induce a variety of congenital disorders. In this review, we discuss O-glycosylation of Notch receptors and congenital human diseases caused by defects in O-glycans on Notch receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tashima
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Varshney S, Stanley P. Multiple roles for O-glycans in Notch signalling. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3819-3834. [PMID: 30207383 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Notch signalling regulates a plethora of developmental processes and is also essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in adults. Therefore, fine-tuning of Notch signalling strength needs to be tightly regulated. Of key importance for the regulation of Notch signalling are O-fucose, O-GlcNAc and O-glucose glycans attached to the extracellular domain of Notch receptors. The EGF repeats of the Notch receptor extracellular domain harbour consensus sites for addition of the different types of O-glycan to Ser or Thr, which takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum. Studies from Drosophila to mammals have demonstrated the multifaceted roles of O-glycosylation in regulating Notch signalling. O-glycosylation modulates different aspects of Notch signalling including recognition by Notch ligands, the strength of ligand binding, Notch receptor trafficking, stability and activation at the cell surface. Defects in O-glycosylation of Notch receptors give rise to pathologies in humans. This Review summarizes the nature of the O-glycans on Notch receptors and their differential effects on Notch signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Varshney
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Takeuchi H, Wong D, Schneider M, Freeze HH, Takeuchi M, Berardinelli SJ, Ito A, Lee H, Nelson SF, Haltiwanger RS. Variant in human POFUT1 reduces enzymatic activity and likely causes a recessive microcephaly, global developmental delay with cardiac and vascular features. Glycobiology 2018; 28:276-283. [PMID: 29452367 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-fucosyltransferase-1 (POFUT1) adds O-fucose monosaccharides to epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats found on approximately 100 mammalian proteins, including Notch receptors. Haploinsufficiency of POFUT1 has been linked to adult-onset Dowling Degos Disease (DDD) with hyperpigmentation defects. Homozygous deletion of mouse Pofut1 results in embryonic lethality with severe Notch-like phenotypes including defects in somitogenesis, cardiogenesis, vasculogenesis and neurogenesis, but the extent to which POFUT1 is required for normal human development is not yet understood. Here we report a patient with a congenital syndrome consisting of severe global developmental delay, microcephaly, heart defects, failure to thrive and liver disease with a previously unreported homozygous NM_015352.1: c.485C>T variant (p.Ser162Leu) in POFUT1 detected by exome sequencing. Both parents are heterozygotes and neither manifests any signs of DDD. No other detected variant explained the phenotype. This variant eliminated a conserved N-glycosylation sequon at Asn160 in POFUT1 and profoundly decreased POFUT1 activity in patient fibroblasts compared to control fibroblasts. Purified p.Ser162Leu mutant protein also showed much lower POFUT1 activity with a lower affinity for EGF acceptor substrate than wild type POFUT1. Eliminating the N-glycan sequon by replacing Asn160 with Gln had little effect on POFUT1 activity, suggesting that loss of the glycan is not responsible for the defect. Furthermore, the p.Ser162Leu mutant showed weaker ability to rescue Notch activity in cell-based assays. These results suggest that this N-glycan of POFUT1 is not required for its proper enzymatic function, and that the p.Ser162Leu mutation of POFUT1 likely causes global developmental delay, microcephaly with vascular and cardiac defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
| | - Derek Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Megumi Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
| | - Steven J Berardinelli
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
| | - Atsuko Ito
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pandey A, Li-Kroeger D, Sethi MK, Lee TV, Buettner FFR, Bakker H, Jafar-Nejad H. Sensitized genetic backgrounds reveal differential roles for EGF repeat xylosyltransferases in Drosophila Notch signaling. Glycobiology 2018; 28:849-859. [PMID: 30169771 PMCID: PMC6454539 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, glycosylation regulates various developmental signaling pathways including the Notch pathway. One of the O-linked glycans added to epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats in animal proteins including the Notch receptors is the xylose-xylose-glucose-O oligosaccharide. Drosophila glucoside xylosyltransferase (Gxylt) Shams negatively regulates Notch signaling in specific contexts. Since Shams adds the first xylose residue to O-glucose, its loss-of-function phenotype could be due to the loss of the first xylose, the second xylose or both. To examine the contribution of the second xylose residues to Drosophila Notch signaling, we have performed biochemical and genetic analysis on CG11388, which is the Drosophila homolog of human xyloside xylosyltransferase 1 (XXYLT1). Experiments in S2 cells indicated that similar to human XXYLT1, CG11388 can add the second xylose to xylose-glucose-O glycans. Flies lacking both copies of CG11388 (Xxylt) are viable and fertile and do not show gross phenotypes indicative of altered Notch signaling. However, genetic interaction experiments show that in sensitized genetic backgrounds with decreased or increased Notch pathway components, loss of Xxylt promotes Delta-mediated activation of Notch. Unexpectedly, we find that in such sensitized backgrounds, even loss of one copy of the fly Gxylt shams enhances Delta-mediated Notch activation. Taken together, these data indicate that while the first xylose plays a key role in tuning the Delta-mediated Notch signaling in Drosophila, the second xylose has a fine-tuning role only revealed in sensitized genetic backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Li-Kroeger
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maya K Sethi
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tom V Lee
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Falk FR Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Bakker
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lira-Navarrete E, Hurtado-Guerrero R. A perspective on structural and mechanistic aspects of protein O-fucosylation. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:443-450. [PMID: 30084393 PMCID: PMC6096484 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18004788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-fucosylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) found in cysteine-rich repeats in proteins. Protein O-fucosyltransferases 1 and 2 (PoFUT1 and PoFUT2) are the enzymes responsible for this PTM and selectively glycosylate specific residues in epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats and thrombospondin type I repeats (TSRs), respectively. Within the past six years, crystal structures of both enzymes have been reported, revealing important information on how they recognize protein substrates and achieve catalysis. Here, the structural information available today is summarized and how PoFUT1 and PoFUT2 employ different catalytic mechanisms is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- BIFI, University of Zaragoza, BIFI–IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Avenida de Ranillas, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Matsumoto K, Haltiwanger RS. What are the Real Functions of O-Glycan Modifications of Notch? TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1720.4j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
37
|
Matsumoto K, Haltiwanger RS. What are the Real Functions of O-Glycan Modifications of Notch? TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1720.4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
38
|
Bagdonaite I, Wandall HH. Global aspects of viral glycosylation. Glycobiology 2018; 28:443-467. [PMID: 29579213 PMCID: PMC7108637 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses encompass some of the most common human pathogens causing infections of different severity, ranging from no or very few symptoms to lethal disease as seen with the viral hemorrhagic fevers. All enveloped viruses possess an envelope membrane derived from the host cell, modified with often heavily glycosylated virally encoded glycoproteins important for infectivity, viral particle formation and immune evasion. While N-linked glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is well characterized with respect to location, structure and site occupancy, information on mucin-type O-glycosylation of these proteins is less comprehensive. Studies on viral glycosylation are often limited to analysis of recombinant proteins that in most cases are produced in cell lines with a glycosylation capacity different from the capacity of the host cells. The glycosylation pattern of the produced recombinant glycoproteins might therefore be different from the pattern on native viral proteins. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on analysis of viral glycosylation, and summarize known roles of glycans in the biology of enveloped human viruses. In addition, we describe how to overcome the analytical limitations by using a global approach based on mass spectrometry to identify viral O-glycosylation in virus-infected cell lysates using the complex enveloped virus herpes simplex virus type 1 as a model. We underscore that glycans often pay important contributions to overall protein structure, function and immune recognition, and that glycans represent a crucial determinant for vaccine design. High throughput analysis of glycosylation on relevant glycoprotein formulations, as well as data compilation and sharing is therefore important to identify consensus glycosylation patterns for translational applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pélisse M, Der Vartanian A, Germot A, Maftah A. Protein O-Glucosyltransferase 1 Expression Influences Formation of Differentiated Myotubes in C2C12 Cell Line. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:359-372. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Pélisse
- Université de Limoges, INRA, UMR1061 Génétique Moléculaire Animale, FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Audrey Der Vartanian
- Université de Limoges, INRA, UMR1061 Génétique Moléculaire Animale, FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM, IMRB U955-E10, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Agnès Germot
- Université de Limoges, INRA, UMR1061 Génétique Moléculaire Animale, FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Abderrahman Maftah
- Université de Limoges, INRA, UMR1061 Génétique Moléculaire Animale, FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Structural basis of Notch O-glucosylation and O-xylosylation by mammalian protein-O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1). Nat Commun 2017; 8:185. [PMID: 28775322 PMCID: PMC5543122 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-glucosyltransferase 1/Rumi-mediated glucosylation of Notch epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) domains plays an important role in Notch signaling. Protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 shows specificity for folded EGF-like domains, it can only glycosylate serine residues in the C1XSXPC2 motif, and it possesses an uncommon dual donor substrate specificity. Using several EGF-like domains and donor substrate analogs, we have determined the structures of human Protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 substrate/product complexes that provide mechanistic insight into the basis for these properties. Notably, we show that Protein O-glucosyltransferase 1’s requirement for folded EGF-like domains also leads to its serine specificity and that two distinct local conformational states are likely responsible for its ability to transfer both glucose and xylose. We also show that Protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 possesses the potential to xylosylate a much broader range of EGF-like domain substrates than was previously thought. Finally, we show that Protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 has co-evolved with EGF-like domains of the type found in Notch. POGLUT1 is a protein-O-glucosyltransferase that transfers glucose and xylose to the EGF-like domains of Notch and other signaling receptors. Here the authors report the structure of human POGLUT1 in complexes with 3 different EGF-like domains and donor substrates and shed light on the enzyme’s substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism
Collapse
|
41
|
Takeuchi H, Yu H, Hao H, Takeuchi M, Ito A, Li H, Haltiwanger RS. O-Glycosylation modulates the stability of epidermal growth factor-like repeats and thereby regulates Notch trafficking. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15964-15973. [PMID: 28729422 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.800102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is closely associated with protein folding and quality control. We recently described a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2). Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. Both POGLUT1 and POFUT1 modify the Notch receptor on multiple EGF repeats and are essential for full Notch function. The fact that POGLUT1 and POFUT1 can distinguish between folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch. Here, we demonstrate that cell-surface expression of endogenous Notch1 in HEK293T cells is dependent on the presence of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 in an additive manner. In vitro unfolding assays reveal that addition of O-glucose or O-fucose stabilizes a single EGF repeat and that addition of both O-glucose and O-fucose enhances stability in an additive manner. Finally, we solved the crystal structure of a single EGF repeat covalently modified by a full O-glucose trisaccharide at 2.2 Å resolution. The structure reveals that the glycan fills up a surface groove of the EGF with multiple contacts with the protein, providing a chemical basis for the stabilizing effects of the glycans. Taken together, this work suggests that O-fucose and O-glucose glycans cooperatively stabilize individual EGF repeats through intramolecular interactions, thereby regulating Notch trafficking in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takeuchi
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Hongjun Yu
- the Cryo-EM Structural Biology Laboratory, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, and
| | - Huilin Hao
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Megumi Takeuchi
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Atsuko Ito
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Huilin Li
- the Cryo-EM Structural Biology Laboratory, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, and
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, .,the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Manning JC, García Caballero G, Knospe C, Kaltner H, Gabius HJ. Network analysis of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins and their binding sites in adult chicken retina and choroid. J Anat 2017; 231:23-37. [PMID: 28425099 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly ordered multilayered organization of the adult chicken retina is a suitable test model for examining zonal distribution of the members of a bioeffector family. Based on the concept of the sugar code, the functional pairing of glycan epitopes with cognate receptors (lectins) is emerging as a means to explain the control of diverse physiological activities. Having recently completed the biochemical characterization of all seven adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins present in chicken, it was possible to establish how the individual characteristics of their expression profiles add up to shape the galectin network, which until now has not been defined at this level of complexity. This information will also have relevance in explaining the region-specific presence of glycan determinants in the retina, as illustrated in the first part of this study using a panel of nine plant/fungal agglutinins. The following systematic monitoring of the galectins yielded patterns for which quantitative and qualitative differences were detected. Obviously, positivity in distinct layers is not confined to a single protein of this family, e.g. CG-1A, CG-3 or CG-8. These results underline the requirement for network analysis for these proteins that can functionally interact in additive or antagonistic modes. Labeling of the tissue galectins facilitated profiling of their accessible binding sites. It also revealed differences among the galectin family members, highlighting the ability of this method to define binding properties on the level of tissue sections. Methodologically, the detection of endogenous lectins intimates that cognate glycans can become inaccessible, a notable caveat for lectin histochemical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Knospe
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sawaguchi S, Varshney S, Ogawa M, Sakaidani Y, Yagi H, Takeshita K, Murohara T, Kato K, Sundaram S, Stanley P, Okajima T. O-GlcNAc on NOTCH1 EGF repeats regulates ligand-induced Notch signaling and vascular development in mammals. eLife 2017; 6:e24419. [PMID: 28395734 PMCID: PMC5388531 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosyltransferase EOGT transfers O-GlcNAc to a consensus site in epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of a limited number of secreted and membrane proteins, including Notch receptors. In EOGT-deficient cells, the binding of DLL1 and DLL4, but not JAG1, canonical Notch ligands was reduced, and ligand-induced Notch signaling was impaired. Mutagenesis of O-GlcNAc sites on NOTCH1 also resulted in decreased binding of DLL4. EOGT functions were investigated in retinal angiogenesis that depends on Notch signaling. Global or endothelial cell-specific deletion of Eogt resulted in defective retinal angiogenesis, with a mild phenotype similar to that caused by reduced Notch signaling in retina. Combined deficiency of different Notch1 mutant alleles exacerbated the abnormalities in Eogt-/- retina, and Notch target gene expression was decreased in Eogt-/-endothelial cells. Thus, O-GlcNAc on EGF repeats of Notch receptors mediates ligand-induced Notch signaling required in endothelial cells for optimal vascular development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sawaguchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shweta Varshney
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Mitsutaka Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakaidani
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Takeshita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Subha Sundaram
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Walski T, De Schutter K, Van Damme EJM, Smagghe G. Diversity and functions of protein glycosylation in insects. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 83:21-34. [PMID: 28232040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The majority of proteins is modified with carbohydrate structures. This modification, called glycosylation, was shown to be crucial for protein folding, stability and subcellular location, as well as protein-protein interactions, recognition and signaling. Protein glycosylation is involved in multiple physiological processes, including embryonic development, growth, circadian rhythms, cell attachment as well as maintenance of organ structure, immunity and fertility. Although the general principles of glycosylation are similar among eukaryotic organisms, insects synthesize a distinct repertoire of glycan structures compared to plants and vertebrates. Consequently, a number of unique insect glycans mediate functions specific to this class of invertebrates. For instance, the core α1,3-fucosylation of N-glycans is absent in vertebrates, while in insects this modification is crucial for the development of wings and the nervous system. At present, most of the data on insect glycobiology comes from research in Drosophila. Yet, progressively more information on the glycan structures and the importance of glycosylation in other insects like beetles, caterpillars, aphids and bees is becoming available. This review gives a summary of the current knowledge and recent progress related to glycan diversity and function(s) of protein glycosylation in insects. We focus on N- and O-glycosylation, their synthesis, physiological role(s), as well as the molecular and biochemical basis of these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Walski
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof De Schutter
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lee TV, Pandey A, Jafar-Nejad H. Xylosylation of the Notch receptor preserves the balance between its activation by trans-Delta and inhibition by cis-ligands in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006723. [PMID: 28394891 PMCID: PMC5402982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila glucoside xylosyltransferase Shams xylosylates Notch and inhibits Notch signaling in specific contexts including wing vein development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying context-specificity of the shams phenotype is not known. Considering the role of Delta-Notch signaling in wing vein formation, we hypothesized that Shams might affect Delta-mediated Notch signaling in Drosophila. Using genetic interaction studies, we find that altering the gene dosage of Delta affects the wing vein and head bristle phenotypes caused by loss of Shams or by mutations in the Notch xylosylation sites. Clonal analysis suggests that loss of shams promotes Delta-mediated Notch activation. Further, Notch trans-activation by ectopically overexpressed Delta shows a dramatic increase upon loss of shams. In agreement with the above in vivo observations, cell aggregation and ligand-receptor binding assays show that shams knock-down in Notch-expressing cells enhances the binding between Notch and trans-Delta without affecting the binding between Notch and trans-Serrate and cell surface levels of Notch. Loss of Shams does not impair the cis-inhibition of Notch by ectopic overexpression of ligands in vivo or the interaction of Notch and cis-ligands in S2 cells. Nevertheless, removing one copy of endogenous ligands mimics the effects of loss shams on Notch trans-activation by ectopic Delta. This favors the notion that trans-activation of Notch by Delta overcomes the cis-inhibition of Notch by endogenous ligands upon loss of shams. Taken together, our data suggest that xylosylation selectively impedes the binding of Notch with trans-Delta without affecting its binding with cis-ligands and thereby assists in determining the balance of Notch receptor's response to cis-ligands vs. trans-Delta during Drosophila development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom V. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionary conserved signaling pathway that plays an indispensable role during development, and in the maintenance of homeostatic processes, in a wide variety of tissues (Kopan, 2012; Hori et al., 2013). The multifaceted roles of Notch signaling are stringently regulated at different levels. One of the most important aspects of regulation is the binding of different Notch ligands to each Notch receptor (NOTCH1-NOTCH4). Canonical ligands Delta or Serrate (in Drosophila), and Delta-like (DLL1 and DLL4) or Jagged (JAG1 and JAG2) (in mammals), are transmembrane glycoproteins. Ligands expressed on one cell bind to Notch receptors on an adjacent cell to induce Notch signaling. Glycosylation of Notch receptor extracellular domain by O-fucose and O-GlcNAc glycans is well established as critical regulators for Notch signaling strength (Stanley and Okajima, 2010; Haltom and Jafar-Nejad, 2015; Sawaguchi et al., 2017). In order to characterize Notch ligand binding to Notch receptors in isolated cells, we utilize Notch ligand extracellular domains tagged at the C-terminus by a human Fc domain, and determine binding of fluorescent anti-Fc antibody by flow cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Varshney
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mullooly M, McGowan PM, Crown J, Duffy MJ. The ADAMs family of proteases as targets for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:870-80. [PMID: 27115328 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1177684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteases) are transmembrane multidomain proteins implicated in multiple biological processes including proteolysis, cell adhesion, cell fusion, cell proliferation and cell migration. Of these varied activities, the best studied is their role in proteolysis. However, of the 22 ADAMs believed to be functional in humans, only approximately a half possess matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-like protease activity. In contrast to MMPs which are mostly implicated in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, the main ADAM substrates are the ectodomains of type I and type II transmembrane proteins. These include growth factor/cytokine precursors, growth factor/cytokine receptors and adhesion proteins. Recently, several different ADAMs, especially ADAM17, have been shown to play a role in the development and progression of multiple cancer types. Consistent with this role in cancer, targeting ADAM17 with either low molecular weight inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies was shown to have anti-cancer activity in multiple preclinical systems. Although early phase clinical trials have shown no serious side effects with a dual ADAM10/17 low molecular weight inhibitor, the consequences of long-term treatment with these agents is unknown. Furthermore, efficacy in clinical trials remains to be shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Mullooly
- a National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,b UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science , Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Ireland
| | - Patricia M McGowan
- b UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science , Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Ireland.,c Education and Research Center , St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - John Crown
- d Department of Medical Oncology , St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Michael J Duffy
- b UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science , Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin , Ireland.,e UCD Clinical Research Center , St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| |
Collapse
|