1
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Tian H, Yu JL, Chu X, Guan Q, Liu J, Liu Y. Unraveling the role of C1GALT1 in abnormal glycosylation and colorectal cancer progression. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1389713. [PMID: 38699634 PMCID: PMC11063370 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1389713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
C1GALT1 plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression through its involvement in various molecular mechanisms. This enzyme is central to the O-glycosylation process, producing tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) like Tn and sTn, which are linked to cancer metastasis and poor prognosis. The interaction between C1GALT1 and core 3 synthase is crucial for the synthesis of core 3 O-glycans, essential for gastrointestinal health and mucosal barrier integrity. Aberrations in this pathway can lead to CRC development. Furthermore, C1GALT1's function is significantly influenced by its molecular chaperone, Cosmc, which is necessary for the proper folding of T-synthase. Dysregulation in this complex interaction contributes to abnormal O-glycan regulation, facilitating cancer progression. Moreover, C1GALT1 affects downstream signaling pathways and cellular behaviors, such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), by modifying O-glycans on key receptors like FGFR2, enhancing cancer cell invasiveness and metastatic potential. Additionally, the enzyme's relationship with MUC1, a mucin protein with abnormal glycosylation in CRC, highlights its role in cancer cell immune evasion and metastasis. Given these insights, targeting C1GALT1 presents a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC, necessitating further research to develop targeted inhibitors or activators. Future efforts should also explore C1GALT1's potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response monitoring in CRC, alongside investigating combination therapies to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tian
- Department of Oncology, Fourth People’s Hospital in Shenyang, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Li Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoli Chu
- Department of Oncology, Fourth People’s Hospital in Shenyang, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Guan
- Department of Oncology, Fourth People’s Hospital in Shenyang, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fourth People’s Hospital in Shenyang, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fourth People’s Hospital in Shenyang, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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2
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Li P, Liu Z. Glycan-specific molecularly imprinted polymers towards cancer diagnostics: merits, applications, and future perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1870-1891. [PMID: 38223993 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00842h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant glycans are a hallmark of cancer states. Notably, emerging evidence has demonstrated that the diagnosis of cancers with tumour-specific glycan patterns holds great potential to address unmet medical needs, especially in improving diagnostic sensitivity and selectivity. However, despite vast glycans having been identified as potent markers, glycan-based diagnostic methods remain largely limited in clinical practice. There are several reasons that prevent them from reaching the market, and the lack of anti-glycan antibodies is one of the most challenging hurdles. With the increasing need for accelerating the translational process, numerous efforts have been made to find antibody alternatives, such as lectins, boronic acids and aptamers. However, issues concerning affinity, selectivity, stability and versatility are yet to be fully addressed. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), synthetic antibody mimics with tailored cavities for target molecules, hold the potential to revolutionize this dismal progress. MIPs can bind a wide range of glycan markers, even those without specific antibodies. This capacity effectively broadens the clinical applicability of glycan-based diagnostics. Additionally, glycoform-resolved diagnosis can also be achieved through customization of MIPs, allowing for more precise diagnostic applications. In this review, we intent to introduce the current status of glycans as potential biomarkers and critically evaluate the challenges that hinder the development of in vitro diagnostic assays, with a particular focus on glycan-specific recognition entities. Moreover, we highlight the key role of MIPs in this area and provide examples of their successful use. Finally, we conclude the review with the remaining challenges, future outlook, and emerging opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Echeverri D, Orozco J. Glycan-Based Electrochemical Biosensors: Promising Tools for the Detection of Infectious Diseases and Cancer Biomarkers. Molecules 2022; 27:8533. [PMID: 36500624 PMCID: PMC9736010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan-based electrochemical biosensors are emerging as analytical tools for determining multiple molecular targets relevant to diagnosing infectious diseases and detecting cancer biomarkers. These biosensors allow for the detection of target analytes at ultra-low concentrations, which is mandatory for early disease diagnosis. Nanostructure-decorated platforms have been demonstrated to enhance the analytical performance of electrochemical biosensors. In addition, glycans anchored to electrode platforms as bioreceptors exhibit high specificity toward biomarker detection. Both attributes offer a synergy that allows ultrasensitive detection of molecular targets of clinical interest. In this context, we review recent advances in electrochemical glycobiosensors for detecting infectious diseases and cancer biomarkers focused on colorectal cancer. We also describe general aspects of structural glycobiology, definitions, and classification of electrochemical biosensors and discuss relevant works on electrochemical glycobiosensors in the last ten years. Finally, we summarize the advances in electrochemical glycobiosensors and comment on some challenges and limitations needed to advance toward real clinical applications of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N°52–20, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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4
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Spillings BL, Day CJ, Garcia-Minambres A, Aggarwal A, Condon ND, Haselhorst T, Purcell DFJ, Turville SG, Stow JL, Jennings MP, Mak J. Host glycocalyx captures HIV proximal to the cell surface via oligomannose-GlcNAc glycan-glycan interactions to support viral entry. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110296. [PMID: 35108536 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present ultrastructural analyses showing that incoming HIV are captured near the lymphocyte surface in a virion-glycan-dependent manner. Biophysical analyses show that removal of either virion- or cell-associated N-glycans impairs virus-cell binding, and a similar glycan-dependent relationship is observed between purified HIV envelope (Env) and primary T cells. Trimming of N-glycans from either HIV or Env does not inhibit protein-protein interactions. Glycan arrays reveal HIV preferentially binds to N-acetylglucosamine and mannose. Interfering with these glycan-based interactions reduces HIV infectivity. These glycan interactions are distinct from previously reported glycan-lectin and non-specific electrostatic charge-based interactions. Specific glycan-glycan-mediated attachment occurs prior to virus entry and enhances efficiency of infection. Binding and fluorescent imaging data support glycan-glycan interactions as being responsible, at least in part, for initiating contact between HIV and the host cell, prior to viral Env-cellular CD4 engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda L Spillings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Christopher J Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | | | - Anupriya Aggarwal
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Condon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Damian F J Purcell
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stuart G Turville
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Johnson Mak
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia.
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5
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Mahajan SP, Srinivasan Y, Labonte JW, DeLisa MP, Gray JJ. Structural basis for peptide substrate specificities of glycosyltransferase GalNAc-T2. ACS Catal 2021; 11:2977-2991. [PMID: 34322281 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase (GalNAc-T) enzyme family initiates O-linked mucin-type glycosylation. The family constitutes 20 isoenzymes in humans. GalNAc-Ts exhibit both redundancy and finely tuned specificity for a wide range of peptide substrates. In this work, we deciphered the sequence and structural motifs that determine the peptide substrate preferences for the GalNAc-T2 isoform. Our approach involved sampling and characterization of peptide-enzyme conformations obtained from Rosetta Monte Carlo-minimization-based flexible docking. We computationally scanned 19 amino acid residues at positions -1 and +1 of an eight-residue peptide substrate, which comprised a dataset of 361 (19x19) peptides with previously characterized experimental GalNAc-T2 glycosylation efficiencies. The calculations recapitulated experimental specificity data, successfully discriminating between glycosylatable and non-glycosylatable peptides with a probability of 96.5% (ROC-AUC score), a balanced accuracy of 85.5% and a false positive rate of 7.3%. The glycosylatable peptide substrates viz. peptides with proline, serine, threonine, and alanine at the -1 position of the peptide preferentially exhibited cognate sequon-like conformations. The preference for specific residues at the -1 position of the peptide was regulated by enzyme residues R362, K363, Q364, H365 and W331, which modulate the pocket size and specific enzyme-peptide interactions. For the +1 position of the peptide, enzyme residues K281 and K363 formed gating interactions with aromatics and glutamines at the +1 position of the peptide, leading to modes of peptide-binding sub-optimal for catalysis. Overall, our work revealed enzyme features that lead to the finely tuned specificity observed for a broad range of peptide substrates for the GalNAc-T2 enzyme. We anticipate that the key sequence and structural motifs can be extended to analyze specificities of other isoforms of the GalNAc-T family and can be used to guide design of variants with tailored specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Pooja Mahajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Yashes Srinivasan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jason W. Labonte
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604, United States
| | - Matthew P. DeLisa
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, and Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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6
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Tran ENH, Day CJ, McCartney E, Poole J, Tse E, Jennings MP, Morona R. Shigella flexneri Targets Human Colonic Goblet Cells by O Antigen Binding to Sialyl-Tn and Tn Antigens via Glycan-Glycan Interactions. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2604-2615. [PMID: 32926786 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Shigella flexneri targets colonic cells in humans to initiate invasive infection processes that lead to dysentery, and direct interactions between their lipopolysaccharide O antigens and blood group A related glycans are involved in the cell adherence interactions. Here, we show that treatment with Tn and sialyl-Tn glycans, monoclonal antibodies and lectins reactive to Tn/sialyl-Tn, and luteolin (a Tn antigen synthesis inhibitor) all significantly inhibited S. flexneri adherence and invasion of cells in vitro. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that lipopolysaccharide O antigen had a high affinity interaction with Tn/sialyl-Tn. Immunofluorescence probing of human colon tissue with antibodies detected expression of Tn/sialyl-Tn by MUC2 producing goblet cells (GCs), and S. flexneri incubated with human colon tissue colocalized with GCs. Our findings demonstrate that S. flexneri targets GCs in the human colonic crypts via glycan-glycan interactions, establishing new insight into the infection process in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ngoc Hoa Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Erin McCartney
- Gastroenterological/Hepatological Biobank, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Jessica Poole
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Edmund Tse
- Gastroenterological/Hepatological Biobank, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Renato Morona
- School of Biological Sciences, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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7
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Silva-Filho JC, Melo CGFD, Oliveira JLD. The influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A molecular hypothesis based on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110155. [PMID: 33254482 PMCID: PMC7395945 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The world is experiencing one of the most difficult moments in history with the COVID-19 pandemic, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a new type of coronavirus. Virus infectivity is mediated by the binding of Spike transmembrane glycoprotein to specific protein receptors present on cell host surface. Spike is a homotrimer that emerges from the virion, each monomer containing two subunits named S1 and S2, which are related to cell recognition and membrane fusion, respectively. S1 is subdivided in domains S1A (or NTD) and S1B (or RBD), with experimental and in silico studies suggesting that the former binds to sialic acid-containing glycoproteins, such as CD147, whereas the latter binds to ACE2 receptor. Recent findings indicate that the ABO blood system modulates susceptibility and progression of infection, with type-A individuals being more susceptible to infection and/or manifestation of a severe condition. Seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this susceptibility, we carried out an extensive bibliographic survey on the subject. Based on this survey, we hypothesize that the correlation between the ABO blood system and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection can be presumably explained by the modulation of sialic acid-containing receptors distribution on host cell surface induced by ABO antigens through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, which could maximize or minimize the virus Spike protein binding to the host cell. This model could explain previous sparse observations on the molecular mechanism of infection and can direct future research to better understand of COVID-19 pathophysiology.
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8
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Xu F, Wang D, Cui J, Li J, Jiang H. Demethylation of the Cosmc Promoter Alleviates the Progression of Breast Cancer Through Downregulation of the Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1017-1027. [PMID: 32104083 PMCID: PMC7023867 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s214553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant gene methylation in breast cancer is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Besides, abnormal Cosmc can induce the expression of Tn and STn antigens. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of Cosmc promoter methylation in breast cancer through the regulation of Tn and STn antigens. Methods The expression patterns of Cosmc and the Tn and STn antigens in breast cancer cell lines were determined. Cosmc was overexpressed to explore the effects of Cosmc on cell behavior, including the growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of breast cancer cells and tumor growth with in vitro and in vivo experiments. Afterwards, a methyltransferase and a methyltransferase inhibitor were used to alter the methylation status of Cosmc to explore the mechanisms related to Cosmc promoter methylation. Results Cosmc was poorly expressed in breast cancer cells. Cosmc overexpression inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis in breast cancer cells in vitro and restraining tumor growth in vivo. Cosmc promoter methylation was found to decrease the levels of Cosmc and increased the expression of the Tn and STn antigens in breast cancer. Conclusion In conclusion, the demethylation of Cosmc mitigates breast cancer progression through the repression of the Tn and STn antigens, which provides evidence for therapeutic considerations for a novel target against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, People's Republic of China
| | - JianXiu Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchuan Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
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9
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Yu H, Li X, Chen M, Zhang F, Liu X, Yu J, Zhong Y, Shu J, Chen W, Du H, Zhang K, Zhang C, Zhang J, Xie H, Li Z. Integrated Glycome Strategy for Characterization of Aberrant LacNAc Contained N-Glycans Associated With Gastric Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:636. [PMID: 31355147 PMCID: PMC6636412 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is not only a feature of malignant cell transformation, but also plays an important role in metastasis. In the present study, an integrated strategy combining the lectin microarrays and lectin cytochemistry was employed to investigate and verify the altered glycopatterns in gastric cancer (GC) cell lines as well as resected tumor specimens from matched tissue sets of 46 GC patients. Subsequently, lectin-mediated affinity capture glycoproteins, and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS were employed to further acquire precise structural information of the altered glycans. According to the results, the glycopatterns recognized by 10 (e.g., ACA, MAL-I, and ConA) and 3 lectins (PNA, MAL-I, and VVA) showed significantly variations in GC cells and tissue compared to their corresponding controls, respectively. Notably, the relative abundance of Galβ-1,4GlcNAc (LacNAc) recognized by MAL-I exhibited a significant increase in GC cells (p < 0.001) and tissue from patients at stage II and III (p < 0.05), and a significant increase in lymph node positive tumor cases, compared with lymph node negative tumor cases (p < 0.05). More LacNAc contained N-glycans were characterized in tumor sample with advanced stage compared to corresponding control. Moreover, there were 10 neo-LacNAc-contained N-glycans (e.g., m/z 1625.605, 1803.652, and 1914.671) only presented in GC tissue with advanced stage. Among these, six N-glycans were modified with sialic acid or fucose based on LacNAc to form sialylated N-glycans or lewis antigens, respectively. Our results revealed that the aberrant expression of LacNAc is a characteristic of GC, and LacNAc may serve as a scaffold to be further modified with sialic acid or fucose. Our findings provided useful information for us to understand the development of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjie Yu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Pathology, 1st People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiawei Liu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingmin Yu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaogang Zhong
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Shu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wentian Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoqi Du
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hailong Xie
- Institute of Cancer Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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10
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de Las Rivas M, Lira-Navarrete E, Gerken TA, Hurtado-Guerrero R. Polypeptide GalNAc-Ts: from redundancy to specificity. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 56:87-96. [PMID: 30703750 PMCID: PMC6656595 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that is predicted to occur in more than the 80% of the proteins that pass through the Golgi apparatus. This PTM is initiated by a family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) that modify Ser and Thr residues of proteins through the addition of a GalNAc moiety. These enzymes are type II membrane proteins that consist of a Golgi luminal catalytic domain connected by a flexible linker to a ricin type lectin domain. Together, both domains account for the different glycosylation preferences observed among isoenzymes. Although it is well accepted that most of the family members share some degree of redundancy toward their protein and glycoprotein substrates, it has been recently found that several GalNAc-Ts also possess activity toward specific targets. Despite the high similarity between isoenzymes, structural differences have recently been reported that are key to understanding the molecular basis of both their redundancy and specificity. The present review focuses on the molecular aspects of the protein substrate recognition and the different glycosylation preferences of these enzymes, which in turn will serve as a roadmap to the rational design of specific modulators of mucin-type O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde de Las Rivas
- BIFI, University of Zaragoza, BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pediatrics Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- BIFI, University of Zaragoza, BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain; Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
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11
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West CM, Kim HW. Nucleocytoplasmic O-glycosylation in protists. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 56:204-212. [PMID: 31128470 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
O-Glycosylation is an increasingly recognized modification of intracellular proteins in all kingdoms of life, and its occurrence in protists has been investigated to understand its evolution and its roles in the virulence of unicellular pathogens. We focus here on two kinds of glycoregulation found in unicellular eukaryotes: one is a simple O-fucose modification of dozens if not hundreds of Ser/Thr-rich proteins, and the other a complex pentasaccharide devoted to a single protein associated with oxygen sensing and the assembly of polyubiquitin chains. These modifications are not required for life but contingently modulate biological processes in the social amoeba Dictyostelium and the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, and likely occur in diverse unicellular protists. O-Glycosylation that is co-localized in the cytoplasm allows for glycoregulation over the entire life of the protein, contrary to the secretory pathway where glycosylation usually occurs before its delivery to its site of function. Here, we interpret cellular roles of nucleocytoplasmic glycans in terms of current evidence for their effects on the conformation and dynamics of protist proteins, to serve as a guide for future studies to examine their broader significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M West
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA; Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
| | - Hyun W Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
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12
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Parsons LM, Bouwman KM, Azurmendi H, de Vries RP, Cipollo JF, Verheije MH. Glycosylation of the viral attachment protein of avian coronavirus is essential for host cell and receptor binding. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7797-7809. [PMID: 30902814 PMCID: PMC6514631 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian coronaviruses, including infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), are important
respiratory pathogens of poultry. The heavily glycosylated IBV spike protein is
responsible for binding to host tissues. Glycosylation sites in the spike
protein are highly conserved across viral genotypes, suggesting an important
role for this modification in the virus life cycle. Here, we analyzed the
N-glycosylation of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of IBV
strain M41 spike protein and assessed the role of this modification in host
receptor binding. Ten single Asn–to–Ala substitutions at the
predicted N-glycosylation sites of the M41–RBD were
evaluated along with two control Val–to–Ala substitutions. CD
analysis revealed that the secondary structure of all variants was retained
compared with the unmodified M41–RBD construct. Six of the 10
glycosylation variants lost binding to chicken trachea tissue and an
ELISA-presented α2,3-linked sialic acid oligosaccharide ligand.
LC/MSE glycomics analysis revealed that glycosylation sites have
specific proportions of N-glycan subtypes. Overall, the
glycosylation patterns of most variant RBDs were highly similar to those of the
unmodified M41–RBD construct. In silico docking
experiments with the recently published cryo-EM structure of the M41 IBV spike
protein and our glycosylation results revealed a potential ligand receptor site
that is ringed by four glycosylation sites that dramatically impact ligand
binding. Combined with the results of previous array studies, the glycosylation
and mutational analyses presented here suggest a unique glycosylation-dependent
binding modality for the M41 spike protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Parsons
- From the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Kim M Bouwman
- the Division of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands, and
| | - Hugo Azurmendi
- From the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Robert P de Vries
- the Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3512 JE Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John F Cipollo
- From the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993,
| | - Monique H Verheije
- the Division of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands, and
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