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Aidoo-Frimpong G, Turner D, Collins RL, Ajiboye W, Agbemenu K, Nelson LE. WhatsApp-propriate? Exploring "WhatsApp" as a Tool for Research Among Ghanaian Immigrants in the United States. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1956-1963. [PMID: 37285049 PMCID: PMC10246539 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
African immigrants remain underrepresented in research due to challenges in recruitment. Mobile instant messaging applications, such as WhatsApp, present novel, and cost-effective opportunities for conducting health research across geographic and temporal distances, potentially mitigating the challenges of maintaining contact and engagement in research with migrant populations. Moreover, WhatsApp has been found to be commonly used by African immigrant communities. However, little is known about the acceptability and use of WhatsApp as a tool for health research among African immigrants in the US. In this study, we examine the acceptability and feasibility of WhatsApp as a tool for research among Ghanaian immigrants- a subset of the African immigrant population group. We used WhatsApp to recruit 40 participants for a qualitative interview about their use of the mobile messaging application. Three distinct themes related to the acceptability and feasibility of WhatsApp emerged from the interviews: (1) preference for using WhatsApp as a medium of communication; (2) positive perception of WhatsApp; and (3) preference for using WhatsApp for research. The findings indicate that for African immigrants in the US, WhatsApp is a preferred method for recruiting and collecting data. It remains a promising strategy to utilize in future research involving this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Aidoo-Frimpong
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - DeAnne Turner
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - R Lorraine Collins
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wale Ajiboye
- MAP Center for Urban Health Solution, Unity Health Toronto - St Michael's Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kafuli Agbemenu
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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2
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Winter JC, Darmstadt GL, Lee SJ, Davis J. The potential of school-based WASH programming to support children as agents of change in rural Zambian households. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1812. [PMID: 34625029 PMCID: PMC8501527 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions frequently assume that students who learn positive WASH behaviors will disseminate this information to their families. This is most prominent in school-based programs, which rely on students to act as “agents of change” to translate impact from school to home. However, there is little evidence to support or contradict this assumption. Methods We conducted a quasi-experimental, prospective cohort study in 12 schools in rural, southern Zambia to measure the impact of WASH UP!, a school-based WASH program designed by the creators of Sesame Street. WASH UP! is an educational program that uses stories and interactive games to teach students in grades 1–4 about healthy behaviors, such as washing hands and using the latrine. We completed in-person interviews with grade 1 and 4 students (N = 392 and 369, respectively), their teachers (N = 24) and caregivers (N = 729) using structured surveys containing both open- and closed-ended questions. We measured changes in knowledge and whether students reported sharing WASH-related messages learned in school with their caregivers at home. Results Student knowledge increased significantly, but primarily among students in grade 1. Overall rates of students reporting that they shared messages from the curriculum with their caregivers rose from 7 to 23% (p < 0.001). Students in grade 4 were 5.2 times as likely as those in grade 1 to report sharing a WASH-related message with their caregivers (ARR = 5.2, 95% C.I. = (2.3, 8.9); p < 0.001). Conclusions Although we measured only modest levels of student dissemination of WASH UP! messages from the school to the home, students in grade 4 showed significantly more promise as agents of change than those in grade 1. Future work should prioritize developing curricula that reflect the variability in needs, capabilities and support in the home and community among primary school students rather than a single approach for a wide range of ages and contexts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11824-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Winter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Yang and Yamazaki Environment and Energy Building, 473 Via Ortega, Office 161, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Gary L Darmstadt
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1701 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Samantha J Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Yang and Yamazaki Environment and Energy Building, 473 Via Ortega, Office 161, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Yang and Yamazaki Environment and Energy Building, 473 Via Ortega, Office 161, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Yang and Yamazaki Environment and Energy Building, 473 Via Ortega, Office 161, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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3
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Nwoke CN, Awosoga O, Leung BM. Recruitment Strategies Used in a Survey of African Immigrant Maternal Mental Health in Alberta, Canada. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:1415-1421. [PMID: 34100262 PMCID: PMC8184054 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
African immigrant women are underrepresented in health research on maternal mental health. Thus, there is a need to highlight successful recruitment strategies to engage African women in health-oriented research. This paper offers insights on recruitment strategies utilized in recruiting African immigrant women in Alberta (Canada) with infants 2 years of age or under for a survey study on maternal mental health. We recruited 136 African immigrant women. Most participants were recruited by using already established social networks in the community. Other successful strategies included referral from community partners (i.e., immigrant organizations, cultural association, religious institutions), participants, utilizing an online survey tool (i.e., Qualtrics), and through family and friend networks (i.e., word-of-mouth). This study evidently highlights the importance of utilizing multiple recruitment strategies to successfully meet the desired sample size for a survey study. We believe the lessons learned during the process of recruitment will be helpful for others working with other African immigrant women populations in Canada and in other Western societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye Nmanma Nwoke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Oluwagbohunmi Awosoga
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Brenda My Leung
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
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Using Patients' Social Network to Improve Compliance to Outpatient Screening Colonoscopy Appointments Among Blacks: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2019; 114:1671-1677. [PMID: 31478919 PMCID: PMC6776677 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patient navigation improves colorectal cancer screening among underserved populations, but limited resources preclude widespread adoption in minority-serving institutions. We evaluated whether a patient's self-selected social contact person can effectively facilitate outpatient screening colonoscopy. METHODS From September 2014 to March 2017 in an urban tertiary center, 399 black participants scheduled for outpatient screening colonoscopy self-selected a social contact person to be a facilitator and provided the person's phone number. Of these, 201 participants (50.4%) were randomly assigned to the intervention arm for their social contact persons to be engaged by phone. The study was explained to the social contact person with details about colonoscopy screening and bowel preparation process. The social contacts were asked to assist the participants, provide support, and encourage compliance with the procedures. The social contact person was not contacted in the usual care arm, n = 198 (49.6%). We evaluated attendance to the scheduled outpatient colonoscopy and adequacy of bowel preparation. Analysis was performed by intention to treat. RESULTS The social contact person was reached and agreed to be involved for 130 of the 201 participants (64.7%). No differences were found in the proportion of participants who underwent screening colonoscopy (77.3% vs 77.2%; relative risk = 1.01; 95% confidence interval: 0.91-1.12), but there was a modest increase in the proportion with adequate bowel preparation with social contact involvement (89.1% vs 80.9%; relative risk = 1.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.21). DISCUSSION Engaging a patient's social network to serve in the role of a patient navigator did not improve compliance to outpatient screening colonoscopy but modestly improved the adequacy of bowel preparation.
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Cudjoe J, Turkson-Ocran RA, Ezeigwe AK, Commodore-Mensah Y, Nkimbeng M, Han HR. Recruiting African Immigrant Women for Community-Based Cancer Prevention Studies: Lessons Learned from the AfroPap Study. J Community Health 2019; 44:1019-1026. [PMID: 31102117 PMCID: PMC6708449 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-019-00677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment in research can be challenging, particularly for racial/ethnic minorities and immigrants. There remains a dearth of research identifying the health and sociocultural needs of these populations related to recruitment. To describe our experiences and lessons learned in recruiting African immigrant (AI) women for the AfroPap study, a community-based study examining correlates of cervical cancer screening behaviors. We developed several recruitment strategies in collaboration with key informants and considered published recruitment methods proven effective in immigrant populations. We also evaluated the various recruitment strategies using recruitment records and study team meeting logs. We enrolled 167 AI women in the AfroPap study. We used the following recruitment strategies: (1) mobilizing African churches; (2) utilizing word of mouth through family and friends; (3) maximizing research team's cultural competence and gender concordance; (4) promoting altruism through health education; (5) ensuring confidentiality through the consenting and data collection processes; and (6) providing options for data collection. Online recruitment via WhatsApp was an effective recruitment strategy because it built on existing information sharing norms within the community. Fear of confidentiality breaches and time constraints were the most common barriers to recruitment. We were successful in recruiting a "hard-to-reach" immigrant population in a study to understand the correlates of cervical cancer screening behaviors among AI women by using a variety of recruitment strategies. For future research involving African immigrants, using the internet and social media to recruit participants is a promising strategy to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joycelyn Cudjoe
- School of Nursing, The Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Ruth-Alma Turkson-Ocran
- School of Nursing, The Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Angelica K Ezeigwe
- School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yvonne Commodore-Mensah
- School of Nursing, The Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular and Chronic Care, The Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Manka Nkimbeng
- School of Nursing, The Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hae-Ra Han
- School of Nursing, The Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular and Chronic Care, The Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for Community Innovation and Scholarship, The Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 855 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Kang KA, Kim SJ, Kaneko N. Factors influencing behavioral intention to undergo Papanicolaou testing in early adulthood: Comparison of Japanese and Korean women. Nurs Health Sci 2017; 19:475-484. [PMID: 28833987 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we identified the factors influencing behavioral intention to undergo Papanicolaou testing among Japanese and Korean women in early adulthood. Their behavioral intentions were compared in this cross-sectional descriptive study. In total, 887 women (Japanese = 498, Korean = 389) aged 20-39 years participated in this study. Using a self-report questionnaire, knowledge, attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention were surveyed. There were significant differences between Japanese and Korean women's scores on all main variables. For Japanese women, all the variables moderately correlated with behavioral intention. In comparison, for Korean women, all independent variables, except for knowledge, moderately correlated with behavioral intention. Through a multiple regression analysis, age, undergoing Papanicolaou testing, attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were identified as significant predictors of behavioral intention among Japanese women. Among Korean women, job status, undergoing a Papanicolaou test, attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were demonstrated as significant predictors of behavioral intention. Health professionals should consider these factors to encourage Papanicolaou testing in women in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ah Kang
- Department of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Jeong Kim
- Department of Nursing, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Noriyo Kaneko
- School of Nursing, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Asgarlou Z, Tehrani S, Asghari E, Arzanlou M, Naghavi-Behzad M, Piri R, Gareh Sheyklo S, Moosavi A. Cervical Cancer Prevention Knowledge and Attitudes among Female University Students and Hospital Staff in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:4921-4927. [PMID: 28032497 PMCID: PMC5454697 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.11.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is a major preventable cancers. The, current study aimed to assess relevant knowledge and attitude of female students and hospital staff in Iran. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Medical and Nursing faculties and hospitals of East-Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Participants were medical and paramedical female students and female staff in hospitals selected by stratified random sampling techniques. Tools for data collection were questionnaires for which validity and reliability had been verified (α=0.8). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data with SPSS.16. Result: Response rates were 71 % (426 from 600) and 63.5% (254 from 400) for students and staff, respectively. Some 29.1% admitted that they had no information about cervical cancer, only 70 (10.3%) thinking their knowledge as high, 360 (52.9%) as intermediate, and 237 (34.9%) as low. While 93% of participants considered cervical cancer as a severe health problem, the only statistically significant relationships with knowledge were for education (p<.001) and occupation (p<.001) variables. Conclusion: Given the importance of the roles of medical students and personnel as information sources and leaders in health and preventive behavior, increasing and improving their scientific understanding seems vital. Comprehensive and appropriate education of all people and especially students and personnel of medical sciences and improving attitudes towards cervical cancer and its monitoring are to be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoleykha Asgarlou
- Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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Finocchario-Kessler S, Wexler C, Maloba M, Mabachi N, Ndikum-Moffor F, Bukusi E. Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective. BMC Womens Health 2016; 16:29. [PMID: 27259656 PMCID: PMC4893293 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-016-0306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women living in Africa experience the highest burden of cervical cancer. Research and investment to improve vaccination, screening, and treatment efforts are critically needed. We systematically reviewed and characterized recent research within a broader public health framework to organize and assess the range of cervical cancer research in Africa. METHODS We searched online databases and the Internet for published articles and cervical cancer reports in African countries. Inclusion criteria included publication between 2004 and 2014, cervical cancer-related content pertinent to one of the four public health categories (primary, secondary, tertiary prevention or quality of life), and conducted in or specifically relevant to countries or regions within the African continent. The study design, geographic region/country, focus of research, and key findings were documented for each eligible article and summarized to illustrate the weight and research coverage in each area. Publications with more than one focus (e.g. secondary and tertiary prevention) were categorized by the primary emphasis of the paper. Research specific to HIV-infected women or focused on feasibility issues was delineated within each of the four public health categories. RESULTS A total of 380 research articles/reports were included. The majority (54.6 %) of cervical cancer research in Africa focused on secondary prevention (i.e., screening). The number of publication focusing on primary prevention (23.4 %), particularly HPV vaccination, increased significantly in the past decade. Research regarding the treatment of precancerous lesions and invasive cervical cancer is emerging (17.6 %), but infrastructure and feasibility challenges in many countries have impeded efforts to provide and evaluate treatment. Studies assessing aspects of quality of life among women living with cervical cancer are severely limited (4.1 %). Across all categories, 11.3 % of publications focused on cervical cancer among HIV-infected women, while 17.1 % focused on aspects of feasibility for cervical cancer control efforts. CONCLUSIONS Cervical cancer research in African countries has increased steadily over the past decade, but more is needed. Tertiary prevention (i.e. treatment of disease with effective medicine) and quality of life of cervical cancer survivors are two severely under-researched areas. Similarly, there are several countries in Africa with little to no research ever conducted on cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Wexler
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - May Maloba
- Family AIDS Care and Education Services, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Natabhona Mabachi
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Florence Ndikum-Moffor
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bukusi
- Family AIDS Care and Education Services, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
- Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Jackson DD, Owens OL, Friedman DB, Hebert JR. An intergenerational approach to prostate cancer education: findings from a pilot project in the southeastern USA. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2014; 29:649-56. [PMID: 24557505 PMCID: PMC4141905 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-014-0618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
African Americans (AA) are more likely to develop and die from cancer than any other racial or ethnic group. This study assessed older and younger/middle-aged African-American (AA) men's (1) knowledge and attitudes about prostate cancer (PrCA) and PrCA screening, (2) participation in clinical research, and (3) health and cancer-related decision making. Twenty-eight AA men (14 older, mean age 59.8; 14 younger/middle age, mean age 30.4) received a PrCA education program and completed pre/post-education program surveys, as well as qualitative post-education interviews. Younger/middle-aged men were more knowledgeable about PrCA and PrCA screening than older men. Older men reported being invited to participate in a clinical trial more often than younger men but were more likely to report that participation in clinical trials was risky and they did not plan to participate in medical research in the future. Younger/middle-aged men were more willing to participate in a clinical trial in the future and reported fewer barriers to participation in clinical research. There is potential for using intergenerational communication strategies with older/younger AA male dyads in PrCA interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawnyea D Jackson
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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10
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Papadakos J, Urowitz S, Olmstead C, Jusko Friedman A, Zhu J, Catton P. Informational needs of gastrointestinal oncology patients. Health Expect 2014; 18:3088-98. [PMID: 25382413 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In response to the dearth of consumer health information for patients with gastrointestinal cancers, this study examined the informational needs of these patients to build a plan for future resource development. Although studies have examined informational needs of some such cancers, no published literature has investigated the comprehensive informational needs across all sites of gastrointestinal cancer. METHODS A cross-sectional needs assessment comprising a self-administered questionnaire was conducted at an ambulatory gastrointestinal oncology clinic in Toronto, Canada. Patient informational needs were measured, including importance of information, amount desired and preferred mode of delivery. Informational needs were grouped into six domains: medical, practical, physical, emotional, social and spiritual. RESULTS Eighty-two surveys were analysed. The majority of the respondents were male (53.8%), over the age of 50 (77.8%), and born outside of Canada (51.9%). While many did not speak English as a child (46.3%), and do not speak English at home (22.2%), nearly all indicated comfort with receiving health information in English (97.5%). The majority of respondents were college educated (79.3%) and married (73%). Multiple cancer types were reported; the most common being colorectal (39%), followed by pancreatic (12%) and cancers of the gallbladder or bile duct (12%). Overall, respondents placed highest importance on medical information (P < 0.001). Preferred education modalities were pamphlets, websites and one-on-one discussions with health-care professionals. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the principal informational needs of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies, along with preferred modality for information delivery. This information will guide the development of educational resources for future patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Papadakos
- Patient & Education Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Urowitz
- Palliative Care, Clinical Programs Quality Initiatives, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Craig Olmstead
- Patient & Education Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Audrey Jusko Friedman
- Patient & Education Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Zhu
- Patient & Education Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Undergraduate Medical Education Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela Catton
- Patient & Education Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cancer Education, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cancer Survivorship Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Mother-Daughter Dyad Recruitment and Cancer Intervention Challenges in an African American Sample. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2014; 1:120-129. [PMID: 25489496 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-014-0019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Developing an effective youth-based health messaging intervention for African American women, who remain disparately impacted by cancer, presents unique challenges. This paper reports on the challenges with recruiting familial dyads from predominantly low-income, African American neighborhoods, as well as the challenges associated with designing and implementing an upward-directed cancer screening intervention. We developed and pilot tested an educational workshop that provided adolescents with cancer screening information to share with their mother or female relative. Data from follow-up interviews and focus groups, as well as observation records regarding implementation obstacles highlight important lessons learned. The use of familial dyads as well as issues of access posed challenges for recruitment and follow-up. Workshop-related challenges stemmed from the approach, content and length. Finally, personal and environmental factors presented barriers to adolescent message delivery and adult follow-through. By identifying these challenges, we hope to influence and enable the future development of effective adolescent-initiated health messaging interventions.
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