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Levy DT, Tam J, Jeon J, Holford TR, Fleischer NL, Meza R. Summary and Concluding Remarks: Patterns of Birth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Histories. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:S72-S79. [PMID: 36935130 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) Lung Working Group age-period-cohort methodology to study smoking patterns can be applied to tackle important issues in tobacco control and public health. This paper summarizes the analyses of smoking patterns in the U.S. by race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and family income and for each of the 50 U.S. states using the CISNET Lung Working Group age-period-cohort approach. We describe how decision makers, policy advocates, and researchers can use the sociodemographic analyses in this supplement to project state smoking trends and develop effective state-level tobacco control strategies. The all-cause mortality RR estimates associated with smoking for U.S. race/ethnicity and education groups are also discussed in the context of research that measures and evaluates health disparities. Finally, the application of the CISNET Lung Working Group age-period-cohort methodology to Brazil is reviewed with a view to how the same types of analyses can be applied to other low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Levy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Jamie Tam
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jihyoun Jeon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theodore R Holford
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nancy L Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rafael Meza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Titus AR, Thrasher JF, Gamarel KE, Emery SL, Elliott MR, Fleischer NL. Televised Anti-Tobacco Media and Smoking Outcomes Among Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Adults in the United States. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2023; 50:234-239. [PMID: 35972191 PMCID: PMC9931928 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of smoking is higher among sexual minority (SM) individuals compared with heterosexuals. The impact of televised anti-tobacco mass media campaigns on smoking outcomes among SMs is not known. AIMS We examined whether televised anti-tobacco advertising was differentially associated with current smoking and smoking intensity for SM and heterosexual adults. METHOD We combined county-level anti-tobacco advertising data (gross rating points) with restricted, geocoded individual-level National Health Interview Survey data on smoking (2013-2015). We estimated associations between advertising and smoking outcomes, including potential effect modification by SM status. RESULTS Greater anti-tobacco advertising exposure was associated with lower smoking prevalence (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.94, 1.00]). Although the direction of the association differed for heterosexual and SM adults, differences were not statistically significant. No significant associations were observed with regard to smoking intensity. CONCLUSION Associations between anti-tobacco advertising and smoking were not significantly different for heterosexual and SM adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James F Thrasher
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Mavragani A, Cheng X, Zhang J, Yannam JS, Barnes AJ, Koch JR, Hayes R, Gimm G, Zhao X, Purohit H, Xue H. Social Media Data Mining of Antitobacco Campaign Messages: Machine Learning Analysis of Facebook Posts. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e42863. [PMID: 36780224 PMCID: PMC9972210 DOI: 10.2196/42863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media platforms provide a valuable source of public health information, as one-third of US adults seek specific health information online. Many antitobacco campaigns have recognized such trends among youth and have shifted their advertising time and effort toward digital platforms. Timely evidence is needed to inform the adaptation of antitobacco campaigns to changing social media platforms. OBJECTIVE In this study, we conducted a content analysis of major antitobacco campaigns on Facebook using machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) methods, as well as a traditional approach, to investigate the factors that may influence effective antismoking information dissemination and user engagement. METHODS We collected 3515 posts and 28,125 associated comments from 7 large national and local antitobacco campaigns on Facebook between 2018 and 2021, including the Real Cost, Truth, CDC Tobacco Free (formally known as Tips from Former Smokers, where "CDC" refers to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), the Tobacco Prevention Toolkit, Behind the Haze VA, the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, and Smoke Free US campaigns. NLP methods were used for content analysis, including parsimonious rule-based models for sentiment analysis and topic modeling. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the relationship of antismoking message-framing strategies and viewer responses and engagement. RESULTS We found that large campaigns from government and nonprofit organizations had more user engagements compared to local and smaller campaigns. Facebook users were more likely to engage in negatively framed campaign posts. Negative posts tended to receive more negative comments (odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% CI 1.20-1.65). Positively framed posts generated more negative comments (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.19-1.66) as well as positive comments (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13-1.48). Our content analysis and topic modeling uncovered that the most popular campaign posts tended to be informational (ie, providing new information), where the key phrases included talking about harmful chemicals (n=43, 43%) as well as the risk to pets (n=17, 17%). CONCLUSIONS Facebook users tend to engage more in antitobacco educational campaigns that are framed negatively. The most popular campaign posts are those providing new information, with key phrases and topics discussing harmful chemicals and risks of secondhand smoke for pets. Educational campaign designers can use such insights to increase the reach of antismoking campaigns and promote behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaolu Cheng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Physics and Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Slippery Rock, PA, United States
| | - Jaya Sindhu Yannam
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Andrew J Barnes
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - J Randy Koch
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rashelle Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Gilbert Gimm
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Xiaoquan Zhao
- Department of Communication, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Hemant Purohit
- Department of Information Sciences and Technology, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Hong Xue
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
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