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Dush CMK, Manning WD, Berrigan MN, Marlar J, VanBergen A, Theodorou A, Tsabutashvili D, Chattopadhyay M. National Couples' Health and Time Study: Sample, Design, and Weighting. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2023; 42:62. [PMID: 37859760 PMCID: PMC10586714 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-023-09799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The National Couples' Health and Time Study (NCHAT) is the first fully powered, population-representative study of couples in America containing large samples of sexual, gender, and racial and ethnic diverse individuals. Drawn from the Gallup Panel and the Gallup Recontact Sample, when weighted, the data are population representative of individuals in the United States who (1) are married or cohabiting, (2) are between 20 and 60, (3) speak English or Spanish, and (4) have internet access. The data were collected between September 2020 and April 2021 in the midst of a global pandemic as well as racial and political upheaval. NCHAT includes surveys of 3,642 main respondents and 1,515 partners along with time diaries. We describe the sampling process, challenges weighting a diverse population-representative samples, and sociodemographic characteristics of the NCHAT study. These data will provide opportunities for new research on the health and well-being of American families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Kamp Dush
- Department of Sociology, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Minnesota Population Center, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities
| | - Wendy D Manning
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University
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McGowan IW, Fisher N, Havens J, Proudlock S. An evaluation of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy delivered remotely during the Covid-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:560. [PMID: 34763697 PMCID: PMC8581955 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to having a negative impact on the physical and emotional health of the population, the global Covid-19 pandemic has necessitated psychotherapists moving their practice to online environments. This service evaluation examines the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy delivered via the internet. METHODS A real-world service evaluation was conducted from a self-selecting group of EMDR therapists that subscribe to either a JISCMail discussion list or either the UK or All Ireland National EMDR Associations. Author designed questionnaires were used to gather information on the efficacy of EMDR delivered online as well as client and therapist characteristics. RESULTS Thirty-three therapists provided efficacy data on a total of 93 patients. Statistically significant and clinically meaningful reductions were found in all four-psychometrics used both in adult and children and young people populations. Client outcome was not related to therapist experience. CONCLUSIONS EMDR delivered via the internet can be an effective treatment for clients experiencing mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain W. McGowan
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University, Belfast, UK
| | - Naomi Fisher
- Clinical Psychologist, Private Therapy Practice, Hove, UK
| | - Justin Havens
- Dr. Justin Havens Psychological Therapy, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Simon Proudlock
- Counselling Psychology Solutions, Stratfield Saye, Reading, UK
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Frounfelker RL, Santavicca T, Li ZY, Miconi D, Venkatesh V, Rousseau C. COVID-19 Experiences and Social Distancing: Insights From the Theory of Planned Behavior. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:1095-1104. [PMID: 34074154 PMCID: PMC8679169 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211020997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study is to identify the relationship between COVID-19
experiences, perceived COVID-19 behavioral control, social norms and
attitudes, and future intention to follow social distancing guidelines. Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Setting: Participants responded to an on-line survey in June 2020. Subjects: The study included 3,183 residents within Quebec, Canada aged 18 and
over. Measures: Measures include perceived COVID-19 related discrimination, fear of COVID-19
infection, prior exposure to COVID-19, and prior social distancing behavior.
Participants self-reported attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and
perceived norms related to social distancing. Finally, we measured social
distancing behavioral intention. Analysis: We evaluated a theory of planned behavior (TPB) measurement model of social
distancing using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The association between
COVID-19 perceived discrimination, fear of infection, previous social
distancing behavior, exposure to COVID-19, TPB constructs and behavioral
intentions to social distance were estimated using SEM path analysis. Results: TPB constructs were positively associated with intention to follow social
distancing guidelines. Fear of COVID-19 infection and prior social
distancing behavior were positively associated with behavioral intentions.
In contrast, perceived discrimination was negatively associated with the
outcome. Associations between fear of COVID-19, perceived COVID-19
discrimination and behavioral intentions were partially mediated by
constructs of TPB. Conclusions: COVID-19 prevention efforts designed to emphasize positive attitudes,
perceived control, and social norms around social distancing should
carefully balance campaigns that heighten fear of infection along with anti-
discrimination messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara Santavicca
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhi Yin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diana Miconi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vivek Venkatesh
- Department of Art Education, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cecile Rousseau
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Hynes JS, Sheth AN, Lathrop E, Sales JM, Haddad LB. Preferred Product Attributes of Potential Multipurpose Prevention Technologies for Unintended Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections or HIV Among U.S. Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2019; 28:665-672. [PMID: 30615569 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) are being developed to simultaneously protect women from unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or human immunodeficiency virus. This study aims to determine MPT characteristics desired by young women in the United States (U.S.). Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional national survey administered online by MTurk. Eligibility criteria included female sex, age 18-29 years, U.S. residence, and sexual activity with a male partner in the past 3 months. MPT characteristics were rated for importance. Odds ratios were generated to explore associations between demographics, sexual behaviors, and prior contraceptive use and likelihood of using various MPT formulations. Results: Of 835 women, the largest proportion reported being likely to use MPTs in the form of injectables (45.6%), followed by vaginal gels (33.7%), vaginal rings (26.3%) and diaphragms (17.3%). Women with prior experience using a specific method of contraception appeared more likely to try an MPT of the same form. Women concerned about STIs and unwanted pregnancy, or with a history of such undesirable outcomes, expressed higher likelihood of use for a broad range of products. Women indicated that safety and efficacy at preventing pregnancy were the most important product characteristics when choosing an MPT. Conclusions: MPTs in the form of injectables are most highly desired, but many women would use vaginal methods, highlighting the importance of developing different delivery methods. Women desire safety and emphasize contraceptive efficacy over infection prevention. MPT preferences must be considered during product development to promote future acceptance among young women in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna S Hynes
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anandi N Sheth
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eva Lathrop
- 3 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Faculty Office Building, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica M Sales
- 4 Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisa B Haddad
- 3 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Faculty Office Building, Atlanta, Georgia
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Painter JE, Temple BS, Woods LA, Cwiak C, Haddad LB, Mulligan MJ, DiClemente RJ. Theory-Based Analysis of Interest in an HIV Vaccine for Reasons Indicative of Risk Compensation Among African American Women. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2017; 45:444-453. [PMID: 29073834 DOI: 10.1177/1090198117736860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Licensure of an HIV vaccine could reduce or eliminate HIV among vulnerable populations. However, vaccine effectiveness could be undermined by risk compensation (RC), defined by an increase in risky behavior due to a belief that the vaccine will confer protection. Interest in an HIV vaccine for reasons indicative of RC may serve as an indicator of actual RC in a postlicensure era. This study assessed factors associated with interest in an HIV vaccine for reasons indicative of RC among African American women aged 18 to 55 years, recruited from a hospital-based family planning clinic in Atlanta, Georgia ( N = 321). Data were collected using audio-computer-assisted surveys. Survey items were guided by risk homeostasis theory and social cognitive theory. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess determinants of interest in an HIV vaccine for reasons indicative of RC. Thirty-eight percent of the sample expressed interest in an HIV vaccine for at least one reason indicative of RC. In the final model, interest in an HIV vaccine for reasons indicative of RC was positively associated with higher impulsivity, perceived benefits of sexual risk behaviors, and perceived benefits of HIV vaccination; it was negatively associated with having at least some college education, positive future orientation, and self-efficacy for sex refusal. Results suggest that demographic, personality, and theory-based psychosocial factors are salient to wanting an HIV vaccine for reasons indicative of RC, and underscore the need for risk-reduction counseling alongside vaccination during the eventual rollout of an HIV vaccine.
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Hynes JS, Sales JM, Sheth AN, Lathrop E, Haddad LB. Interest in multipurpose prevention technologies to prevent HIV/STIs and unintended pregnancy among young women in the United States. Contraception 2017; 97:277-284. [PMID: 29055782 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancy suggest a role for multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) designed to combine contraception and infection prophylaxis into one unified method. This study aims to determine factors associated with interest in MPTs among US women. STUDY DESIGN We administered a national cross-sectional survey via MTurk. Eligibility criteria included female gender, age 18-29 years, residence in the USA, and sexual activity with a male partner in the past three months. In total, 835 surveys were suitable for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to determine factors associated with interest in MPTs. RESULTS Eighty-three percent of women were interested in MPTs. Factors associated with interest included oral sex in the past three months (aOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.07, 3.53), recent use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs; aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.08, 2.93), HIV test within one year (aOR 2.10, 95% CI 1.29, 3.40), and increased STI worry score (aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.36, 2.86). No use of contraception in the past three months was associated with decreased interest in MPTs (aOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.17, 0.58). HIV risk factors including race were not associated with MPT interest. CONCLUSION Our data show that young, sexually active, US women are interested in MPTs. Women who used contraception, specifically OCPs, or evidenced concern for infection were most likely to be interested in such a product. Women reporting unsafe sexual habits were less likely to be interested, highlighting the importance of HIV/STI prevention education. IMPLICATIONS Women in the USA are interested in multipurpose prevention technologies, particularly those women who currently use contraception or are concerned about their risk of infection. Our results emphasize the importance of moving forward with MPT development as well as continued HIV/STI prevention education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna S Hynes
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 49 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, NE, Faculty Office Building, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Jessica M Sales
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Anandi N Sheth
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Eva Lathrop
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 49 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, NE, Faculty Office Building, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Lisa B Haddad
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 49 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, NE, Faculty Office Building, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Halkitis PN, Cook SH, Ristuccia A, Despotoulis J, Levy MD, Bates FC, Kapadia F. Psychometric analysis of the Life Worries Scale for a new generation of sexual minority men: The P18 Cohort Study. Health Psychol 2017; 37:89-101. [PMID: 28967772 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sexual minority men (SMM) in the United States continue to experience adverse health problems and psychosocial burdens. However, there is limited psychometric research seeking to quantify the life worries of this population. Informed by syndemic theory, the Life Worries Scale (LWS) was developed to measure the concerns of young SMM. METHOD Analyses of the scale were undertaken using baseline data (n = 665) from an ongoing cohort study of emerging adult, SMM. RESULTS Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) of an initial set of 24 Likert-type items, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and an exploratory structural equation model (ESEM), indicated a structure consisting of 6 domains of worries: financial stability, social stability, self esteem, loneliness, physical appearance, and physical health. These 6 subscales were highly correlated and also demonstrated high levels of internal consistency. Differences in life worries were noted across demographic states, specifically HIV serostatus, sexual attraction, housing status, and self-rated health. High levels of association were also detected between all 6 subscales with both depression and PTSD, while significant correlations were detected between suicidality and both self esteem and loneliness related worries. CONCLUSIONS The results of our analyses provide evidence for the strong psychometric characteristics of the LWS. This newly developed instrument should be utilized in research to examine the extent to which life worries explain health outcomes and risk behaviors in sexual minority males, and may be potentially extended for use in other populations. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry N Halkitis
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Rutgers University
| | - Stephanie H Cook
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Global Public Health, New York University
| | - Annie Ristuccia
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, & Prevention Studies, College of Global Public Health, New York University
| | - James Despotoulis
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, & Prevention Studies, College of Global Public Health, New York University
| | - Michael D Levy
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, & Prevention Studies, College of Global Public Health, New York University
| | - Francesca C Bates
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, & Prevention Studies, College of Global Public Health, New York University
| | - Farzana Kapadia
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University
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8
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Exploring evidence for behavioral risk compensation among participants in an HIV vaccine clinical trial. Vaccine 2017; 35:3558-3563. [PMID: 28533053 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV vaccine trial participants may engage in behavioral risk compensation due to a false sense of protection. We conducted an ancillary study of an HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) vaccine efficacy trial to explore risk compensation among trial participants compared to persons who were willing to participate but ineligible based on previous exposure to the Ad5 virus (Ad5+) across three timepoints. METHODS Participants were drawn from the Atlanta, GA site of the HVTN 505 vaccine trial. From 2011-2013, all persons who met prescreening criteria for the clinical trial and presented for Ad5 antibody testing were invited to participate in the ancillary study. Data were collected from vaccine trial participants (n=51) and Ad5+ participants (n=60) via online surveys across three timepoints: baseline, T2 (after trial participants received 2/4 injections) and T3 (after trial participants received 4/4 injections). Data analyses assessed demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral differences at baseline and changes at each timepoint. RESULTS At baseline, Ad5+ participants were less likely to have some college education (p=0.024) or health insurance (p=0.008), and were more likely to want to participate in the vaccine trial "to feel safer having unprotected sex" (p=0.005). Among vaccine trial participants, unprotected anal sex with a casual partner (p=0.05), HIV transmission worry (p=0.033), and perceived chance of getting HIV (p=0.027), decreased across timepoints. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest that persons with previous exposure to Ad5 may be systematically different from their Ad5-negative peers. Unprotected anal sex with a casual partner significantly decreased among HIV vaccine trial participants, as did HIV worry and perceived chance of getting HIV. Findings did not support evidence of risk compensation among HIV vaccine trial participants compared to Ad5+ participants.
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9
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Bermúdez MDLP, Araújo LFD, Reyes AO, Hernández-Quero J, Teva I. Analysis of cognitive variables and sexual risk behaviors among infected and HIV-uninfected people from Spain. AIDS Care 2016; 28:890-7. [PMID: 26981840 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1161163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The wider availability of anti-retroviral treatment has brought about an improvement in the immunological situation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals, which in turn has led to significant reductions in AIDS-related morbidity and mortality and better quality of life for patients. However, the rate of diagnosis of new cases of HIV among the adult population is on the increase due to high-risk sexual behavior practices, particularly not using condoms, sexual relations with a large number of partners and starting sexual relations at a younger age, with unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. For this reason, public health managers have invested considerable effort in recent years in creating STI and HIV prevention programs. Yet, in spite of the implementation of measures for reducing the rates of infection, few studies have been published in Spain comparing individuals living with HIV with the general population about cognitive variables and the link between these variables and high-risk sexual behavior. The objective was to compare a group of individuals living with HIV with another group from the general population in terms of cognitive variables (knowledge about STIs and HIV, concern about STI/HIV and pregnancy, self-efficacy to refuse sexual relations and resilience) and sexual behavior. The sample consisted of 318 adults, 159 were from the general population and 159 were individuals living with HIV. Individuals living with HIV had higher scores for concern about HIV/AIDS, STIs, pregnancy and knowledge of STI/HIV compared with the general population. We concluded that uninfected people who had low and high level of concern about HIV/AIDS began having anal sex at a younger age than those with a medium level of concern. Overall, results indicate that the concern about HIV/AIDS should be addressed in preventive health interventions to minimize the risks of sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Paz Bermúdez
- a Mind Brain and Behavior (Spanish acronym CIMCYC) Research Center, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Antonio Ortega Reyes
- a Mind Brain and Behavior (Spanish acronym CIMCYC) Research Center, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - José Hernández-Quero
- c Faculty of Medicine , San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Inmaculada Teva
- a Mind Brain and Behavior (Spanish acronym CIMCYC) Research Center, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
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Webb MC, Chaney JD, Chen WW, Dodd VJ, Huang IC, Sanders S. Assessing Specific Sexual Behavior: Instrument Development and Validation Techniques. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCE 2015; 2:1-11. [PMID: 27066593 PMCID: PMC4825870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Through the use of multi-modal methods, the purpose of this study was to develop and assess measurement properties of an instrument evaluating specific sexual behaviors of college students and the role alcohol intoxication plays in one's intention to participate in these behaviors. A modified version of N. Krause's instrument development process was applied to create a behavior-specific instrument assessing oral, vaginal, and anal sex behaviors. The process included a review by expert scholars in relevant fields, cognitive interviews with the target population using screen-capture program Camtasia, piloting to assess measurement scales, and a formal investigation. The applied instrument development process employed screen capture software and web-based surveying in a cost-effective format suitable for mixed-method measurement development. The development and application of the instrument provides a clearer understanding of the relationship between alcohol use and sexual activity and aids in the development of effective public health interventions and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C. Webb
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, East Carolina University, 3203 Carol Belk Building, Greenville, NC 27858
| | - J. Don Chaney
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, East Carolina University
| | - W. William Chen
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida
| | - Virginia J. Dodd
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida
| | - I-Chan Huang
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida
| | - Sadie Sanders
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida
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Najarkolaei FR, Niknami S, Shokravi FA, Tavafian SS, Fesharaki MG, Jafari MR. Sexual behavioral abstine HIV/AIDS questionnaire: Validation study of an Iranian questionnaire. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2014; 3:10. [PMID: 24741650 PMCID: PMC3977414 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9531.127564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to assess the validity and reliability of the designed sexual, behavioral abstinence, and avoidance of high-risk situation questionnaire (SBAHAQ), with an aim to construct an appropriate development tool in the Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive-analytic study was conducted among female undergraduate students of Tehran University, who were selected through cluster random sampling. After reviewing the questionnaires and investigating face and content validity, internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS 16 Software, respectively. RESULTS The sample consisted of 348 female university students with a mean age of 20.69 ± 1.63 years. The content validity ratio (CVR) coefficient was 0.85 and the reliability of each section of the questionnaire was as follows: Perceived benefit (PB; 0.87), behavioral intention (BI; 0.77), and self-efficacy (SE; 0.85) (Cronbach's alpha totally was 0.83). Explanatory factor analysis showed three factors, including SE, PB, and BI, with the total variance of 61% and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index of 88%. These factors were also confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis [adjusted goodness of fitness index (AGFI) = 0.939, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.039]. CONCLUSION This study showed the designed questionnaire provided adequate construct validity and reliability, and could be adequately used to measure sexual abstinence and avoidance of high-risk situations among female students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamsaddin Niknami
- Department of Health Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Mohammad Reza Jafari
- Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Saveh, Iran
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Anticipated HIV Vaccine Acceptability among Sexually Active African-American Adult Women. Vaccines (Basel) 2013; 1:88-104. [PMID: 26343960 PMCID: PMC4515581 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines1020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An HIV vaccine, once it becomes available, could reduce vulnerability to HIV among African-American women. The purpose of this study was to assess determinants of HIV vaccine acceptability among African-American women across hypothetical levels of vaccine efficacy. Participants were recruited from a hospital-based family planning clinic in Atlanta, GA serving low-income patients (N = 321). Data were collected from audio-computer assisted surveys administered in the clinic waiting room. Psychosocial survey items were guided by Risk Homeostasis Theory (RHT) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify determinants of acceptability for two hypothetical HIV vaccines with 50% and 90% efficacy. Overall, 63% of participants would accept a vaccine with 50% efficacy and 85% would accept a vaccine with 90% efficacy. In multivariate analyses, odds of acceptability for a vaccine with 50% efficacy were higher among participants with greater perceived HIV vaccine benefits (AOR = 1.13, p < 0.001) and lower among participants with more than high school education (AOR = 0.47, p = 0.033) and greater perceived costs of HIV vaccination (AOR = 0.95, p = 0.010). Odds of acceptability for a vaccine with 90% efficacy were higher among participants with greater perceived costs of unprotected sex (AOR = 1.08, p = 0.026), HIV vaccine benefits (AOR = 1.23, p < 0.001) and self-efficacy for sex refusal (AOR = 1.11, p = 0.044). HIV vaccine acceptability was high, particularly for a vaccine with 90% efficacy. Findings suggest that demographic and psychosocial factors may impact acceptability of an eventual HIV vaccine. Once an HIV vaccine is available, interventions to maximize uptake may benefit from using RHT and SCT constructs to target relevant psychosocial factors, such as perceived benefits and perceived costs of vaccination.
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Bermúdez MP, Castro Á, Buela-Casal G. Psychosocial Correlates of Condom Use and their Relationship with Worry about STI and HIV in Native and Immigrant Adolescents in Spain. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 14:746-54. [DOI: 10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to analyze how worry about sexually-transmitted infections (STI) and HIV influences attitudes and self-efficacy towards condom use, HIV-related knowledge, HIV-perceived susceptibility and HIV-misconceptions in a multicultural sample in Spain. The sample was composed of 3,051 adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years old who lived in Spain. Of these, 67.7% were native Spaniards and the remaining 32.3% were Latin American immigrants. Results showed that worry about STI and HIV has a direct influence on condom use self-efficacy and HIV-knowledge and HIV-perceived susceptibility. Native Spanish adolescents showed higher positive attitudes towards condom use, greater HIV-knowledge and HIV-perceived susceptibility, and lower negative attitudes towards condoms use and HIV-misconceptions than Latin American adolescents. In the discussion, the importance of worry about STI and HIV is highlighted as a mediator variable that can predict risky sexual behavior and is related to cultural origin.
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Najarkolaei FR, Niknami S, Aminshokravi F, Tavafian SS, Joneidi Jafari NA, Golabchi A. Promoting sexual abstinence intention among female university students: A quasi-experimental study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013; 18:37-43. [PMID: 23900294 PMCID: PMC3719224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of a theory-based educational intervention on intension for sexual abstinence among female university students was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female students were recruited from humanity sciences department through cluster sampling. Educational intervention was applied for four 90-min sessions and by application of cognitive theories during 4 weeks. RESULTS One hundred and nine female students with mean age of 20.74 ± 1.57 years took part in the study. Despite the similarity of two groups of intervention (n = 53) and control (n = 59) at baseline, there were significant differences between the two groups in mean scores of the variables, knowledge (4.62 ± 1.38 vs. 3.53 ± 1.61), perceived susceptibility (14.05 ± 1.51 vs. 12.37 ± 2.11), and perceived benefits (28.41 ± 2.14 vs. 27.51 ± 3.05), at follow-up time after 3 months (P < 0.05). Additionally, these variables were observed with improvement over 3 months in the intervention group (P < 0.05). However, this study showed no significant effect on the behavior intention and self-efficacy. CONCLUSION This study showed that educational intervention could improve knowledge, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy of the female students regarding HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamsaddin Niknami
- Department of Health Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Shamsaddin Niknami, Department of Health Education, Medical Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Farkhondeh Aminshokravi
- Department of Health Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh S. Tavafian
- Department of Health Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Allahyar Golabchi
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Haley T, Puskar K, Terhorst L, Terry MA, Charron-Prochownik D. Condom use among sexually active rural high school adolescents personal, environmental, and behavioral predictors. J Sch Nurs 2012; 29:212-24. [PMID: 23008185 DOI: 10.1177/1059840512461282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents who engage in unprotected intercourse are at risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection (STI). Although adolescents in rural areas participate in levels of sexual risk taking similar to that of nonrural youth, few data are available identifying factors that influence condom use among rural adolescents. The purpose of this study is to determine the predictive value of selected personal, environmental, and behavioral factors for condom use among rural adolescents in grades 9-12. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among sexually active youth (N = 613), ages 14-19, in three rural school districts in the Northeast. Using logistic regression, identified predictors for condom use include personal standards (odds ratio [OR] = 2.45; confidence interval [CI]: [2.39, 6.47]), condom use goals (OR = 1.32; CI [1.21, 1.45]), condom use at first intercourse (OR = 3.93; CI [2.39, 6.47]) and male gender. School nurses are encouraged to incorporate identified predictors of condom use when considering interventions promoting safer sexual behaviors among rural youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Haley
- University of Pittsburgh at Bradford, Bradford, PA 16701, USA.
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16
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Painter JE, Wingood GM, DiClemente RJ, Depadilla LM, Simpson-Robinson L. College graduation reduces vulnerability to STIs/HIV among African-American young adult women. Womens Health Issues 2012; 22:e303-10. [PMID: 22555218 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
African-American women are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. The Theory of Gender and Power (TGP) posits that socioeconomic exposures, including educational attainment, place women at increased risk for STIs/HIV. This study examined the association between educational attainment and vulnerability to STIs/HIV, as well as potential TGP-driven mediators of this association, among African-American women. Baseline data were assessed from an STI/HIV prevention intervention for African-American women (n = 848) aged 18 to 29 recruited from three Kaiser Permanente Centers in Atlanta, Georgia. Data collection included a survey of demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral measures and self-collected, laboratory-confirmed vaginal swabs for STIs (trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and human papillomavirus). Multiple regression analyses and multivariate mediation analyses were used to examine the association between educational attainment with a laboratory-confirmed STI and potential TGP mediators. Controlling for age and receipt of public assistance, the odds of an STI diagnosis were 73% lower among participants with a college degree or greater compared with participants who had not completed high school. There were also significant associations between educational attainment and multiple TGP mediators from the sexual division of power and the structure of cathexis. TGP constructs did not mediate the association between educational attainment and laboratory-confirmed STI. The current study suggests that graduating from college may lead to a beneficial reduction in vulnerability to STIs/HIV among African-American women. Findings from this study support expanding structural-level interventions, emphasizing both high school and college graduation, as a means of reducing vulnerability to STIs/HIV among African-American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Painter
- Vaccinology Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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17
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Wolfers M, de Zwart O, Kok G. Adolescents in The Netherlands underestimate risk for sexually transmitted infections and deny the need for sexually transmitted infection testing. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2011; 25:311-9. [PMID: 21542726 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2010.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, adolescents are at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI). In The Netherlands, test rates among young heterosexual people are low and knowledge on the behavioral determinants of testing is scarce. In this study, we investigated STI testing in more detail with two independent samples of 16-25 year old vocational school students (n = 756/n = 1302). The aim of this study was to examine risk perceptions in relation to STI testing among lower educated adolescents in order to inform the development of an intervention promoting STI testing. We compared multiple measures of risk perception, fear of testing, self-efficacy for testing, and risk knowledge between groups of adolescents engaging and not engaging in risk behavior. The results show that at least half of the participating students with sexual experience underestimated their susceptibility for STI and showed an optimistic bias. Students with sexual experience also considered STI very severe but lacked self-efficacy for testing. This combination can yield a defensive reaction to the threat of STI that, in turn, results in the underestimation of personal risks. However, self-efficacy did not mediate the relationship between intention to test and perceived relative risk. In conclusion, our findings show underestimation of personal risks by vocational school students, a high perceived severity of STI and low self-efficacy for testing. A low level of knowledge regarding sexual risks and symptoms of STI might have contributed to low risk perceptions. Self-efficacy did not change the relation of intention-to-test to perceived risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Wolfers
- Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam Area, Infectious Disease Control Division, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno de Zwart
- Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam Area, Infectious Disease Control Division, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo Kok
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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18
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Salazar LF, Head S, Crosby RA, DiClemente RJ, Sales JM, Wingood GM, Rose E. Personal and social influences regarding oral sex among African American female adolescents. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2011; 20:161-7. [PMID: 21247269 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify personal and social factors associated with performing oral sex among female adolescents. METHODS Sexually active African American female adolescents (n = 715) recruited from sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics were assessed for self-esteem, sexual sensation seeking, unprotected vaginal sex (UVS), self-efficacy to communicate about sex and to refuse sex, fear of negotiating condoms, relationship power, peer norms surrounding risky sexual behavior, ever having performed oral sex, and three vaginally acquired STIs. RESULTS Prevalence for at least one STI was 29%. More than half reported performing oral sex. Controlling for age, performing oral sex was associated with relatively higher sexual sensation seeking, any UVS in past 60 days, relatively lower self-efficacy to refuse sex, and having peer norms supportive of risky sexual behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Given the potential for epidemic spread of orally acquired STIs to populations of female adolescents residing in communities with high rates of STI prevalence, this initial research provides guidance for intervention development and expanded research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Salazar
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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