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Beust C, Valdeolivas A, Baptista A, Brière G, Lévy N, Ozisik O, Baudot A. The Molecular Landscape of Premature Aging Diseases Defined by Multilayer Network Exploration. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400134. [PMID: 39123285 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Premature Aging (PA) diseases are rare genetic disorders that mimic some aspects of physiological aging at an early age. Various causative genes of PA diseases have been identified in recent years, providing insights into some dysfunctional cellular processes. However, the identification of PA genes also revealed significant genetic heterogeneity and highlighted the gaps in this understanding of PA-associated molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, many patients remain undiagnosed. Overall, the current lack of knowledge about PA diseases hinders the development of effective diagnosis and therapies and poses significant challenges to improving patient care. Here, a network-based approach to systematically unravel the cellular functions disrupted in PA diseases is presented. Leveraging a network community identification algorithm, it is delved into a vast multilayer network of biological interactions to extract the communities of 67 PA diseases from their 132 associated genes. It is found that these communities can be grouped into six distinct clusters, each reflecting specific cellular functions: DNA repair, cell cycle, transcription regulation, inflammation, cell communication, and vesicle-mediated transport. That these clusters collectively represent the landscape of the molecular mechanisms that are perturbed in PA diseases, providing a framework for better understanding their pathogenesis is proposed. Intriguingly, most clusters also exhibited a significant enrichment in genes associated with physiological aging, suggesting a potential overlap between the molecular underpinnings of PA diseases and natural aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Beust
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France
| | - Alberto Valdeolivas
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Baptista
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France
| | - Galadriel Brière
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, I2M, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France
| | - Ozan Ozisik
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France
| | - Anaïs Baudot
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France
- CNRS, Marseille, France
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Wang JE, Zhou YC, Wu BH, Chen XC, Zhai J, Tan JH, Huang ZS, Chen SB. A rapid and highly sensitive immunosorbent assay to monitor helicases unwinding diverse nucleic acid structures. Analyst 2023; 148:2343-2351. [PMID: 37185609 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01989b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Helicases are crucial enzymes in DNA and RNA metabolism and function by unwinding particular nucleic acid structures. However, most convenient and high-throughput helicase assays are limited to the typical duplex DNA. Herein, we developed an immunosorbent assay to monitor the Werner syndrome (WRN) helicase unwinding a wide range of DNA structures, such as a replication fork, a bubble, Holliday junction, G-quadruplex and hairpin. This assay could sensitively detect the unwinding of DNA structures with detection limits around 0.1 nM, and accurately monitor the substrate-specificity of WRN with a comparatively less time-consuming and high throughput process. Remarkably, we have established that this new assay was compatible in evaluating helicase inhibitors and revealed that the inhibitory effect was substrate-dependent, suggesting that diverse substrate structures other than duplex structures should be considered in discovering new inhibitors. Our study provided a foundational example for using this new assay as a powerful tool to study helicase functions and discover potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-En Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ying-Chen Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bi-Han Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiu-Cai Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Junqiu Zhai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Jia-Heng Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shuo-Bin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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3
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Purhonen J, Banerjee R, Wanne V, Sipari N, Mörgelin M, Fellman V, Kallijärvi J. Mitochondrial complex III deficiency drives c-MYC overexpression and illicit cell cycle entry leading to senescence and segmental progeria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2356. [PMID: 37095097 PMCID: PMC10126100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests mitochondria as key modulators of normal and premature aging, yet whether primary oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency can cause progeroid disease remains unclear. Here, we show that mice with severe isolated respiratory complex III (CIII) deficiency display nuclear DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, aberrant mitoses, and cellular senescence in the affected organs such as liver and kidney, and a systemic phenotype resembling juvenile-onset progeroid syndromes. Mechanistically, CIII deficiency triggers presymptomatic cancer-like c-MYC upregulation followed by excessive anabolic metabolism and illicit cell proliferation against lack of energy and biosynthetic precursors. Transgenic alternative oxidase dampens mitochondrial integrated stress response and the c-MYC induction, suppresses the illicit proliferation, and prevents juvenile lethality despite that canonical OXPHOS-linked functions remain uncorrected. Inhibition of c-MYC with the dominant-negative Omomyc protein relieves the DNA damage in CIII-deficient hepatocytes in vivo. Our results connect primary OXPHOS deficiency to genomic instability and progeroid pathogenesis and suggest that targeting c-MYC and aberrant cell proliferation may be therapeutic in mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Purhonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rishi Banerjee
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vilma Wanne
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 65, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, P.O.Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Colzyx AB, Scheelevägen 2, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vineta Fellman
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, P.O.Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Children's Hospital, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 22, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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4
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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5
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Maynard S, Hall A, Galanos P, Rizza S, Yamamoto T, Gram H, Munk SHN, Shoaib M, Sørensen CS, Bohr V, Lerdrup M, Maya-Mendoza A, Bartek J. Lamin A/C impairments cause mitochondrial dysfunction by attenuating PGC1α and the NAMPT-NAD+ pathway. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:9948-9965. [PMID: 36099415 PMCID: PMC9508839 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) cause laminopathies such as the premature aging Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and altered lamin A/C levels are found in diverse malignancies. The underlying lamin-associated mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we report that lamin A/C-null mouse embryo fibroblasts (Lmna-/- MEFs) and human progerin-expressing HGPS fibroblasts both display reduced NAD+ levels, unstable mitochondrial DNA and attenuated bioenergetics. This mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with reduced chromatin recruitment (Lmna-/- MEFs) or low levels (HGPS) of PGC1α, the key transcription factor for mitochondrial homeostasis. Lmna-/- MEFs showed reduced expression of the NAD+-biosynthesis enzyme NAMPT and attenuated activity of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. We find high PARylation in lamin A/C-aberrant cells, further decreasing the NAD+ pool and consistent with impaired DNA base excision repair in both cell models, a condition that fuels DNA damage-induced PARylation under oxidative stress. Further, ATAC-sequencing revealed a substantially altered chromatin landscape in Lmna-/- MEFs, including aberrantly reduced accessibility at the Nampt gene promoter. Thus, we identified a new role of lamin A/C as a key modulator of mitochondrial function through impairments of PGC1α and the NAMPT-NAD+ pathway, with broader implications for the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Maynard
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnaldur Hall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Salvatore Rizza
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tatsuro Yamamoto
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Storgaard Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mads Lerdrup
- The DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Jang S, Ahn YH, Ko JM, Ko JS, Lim S, Kang HG. Case report: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a pediatric atypical progeroid syndrome. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1032653. [PMID: 36389384 PMCID: PMC9660256 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1032653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical progeroid syndrome (APS) is a rare type of progeroid syndrome mainly caused by heterozygous missense mutations in the LMNA (MIM 150330) gene. APS has heterogeneous clinical manifestations, and its kidney manifestations, particularly in children, are rarely documented. Here, we report the first pediatric case of APS with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). A 10-year-old boy with progeroid features was referred to the nephrology clinic because of hyperuricemia. He had dark skin, protruding eyes, and beaked nose and was very thin, suggesting lipodystrophy. He had been treated for recurrent urinary tract infection during infancy, and liver biopsy for persisting hepatitis showed steatohepatitis. He also had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) with mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation. Genetic studies were performed considering his multisystem symptoms, and he was diagnosed as having APS according to exome sequencing findings (c.898G > C, p.Asp300His of LMNA). During the first visit to the nephrology clinic, he had minimal proteinuria (urine protein/creatinine ratio of 0.23 mg/mg), which worsened during follow-up. In three years, his urine protein/creatinine ratio and N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase/creatinine ratio increased to 1.52 and 18.7, respectively. The kidney biopsy result was consistent with findings of FSGS, peri-hilar type, showing segmental sclerosis of 1 (5%) glomerulus out of 21 glomeruli. An angiotensin receptor blocker was added to manage his proteinuria. This is the first pediatric report of FSGS in an APS patient with confirmed LMNA defect, who manifested progeroid features, lipodystrophy, HCMP with heart valve dysfunction, and steatohepatitis. Our case suggests that screening for proteinuric nephropathy is essential for managing APS patients since childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyun Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo Han Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sojung Lim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, South Korea
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7
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Malashicheva A, Perepelina K. Diversity of Nuclear Lamin A/C Action as a Key to Tissue-Specific Regulation of Cellular Identity in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:761469. [PMID: 34722546 PMCID: PMC8548693 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.761469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A-type lamins are the main structural components of the nucleus, which are mainly localized at the nucleus periphery. First of all, A-type lamins, together with B-type lamins and proteins of the inner nuclear membrane, form a stiff structure-the nuclear lamina. Besides maintaining the nucleus cell shape, A-type lamins play a critical role in many cellular events, such as gene transcription and epigenetic regulation. Nowadays it is clear that lamins play a very important role in determining cell fate decisions. Various mutations in genes encoding A-type lamins lead to damages of different types of tissues in humans, collectively known as laminopathies, and it is clear that A-type lamins are involved in the regulation of cell differentiation and stemness. However, the mechanisms of this regulation remain unclear. In this review, we discuss how A-type lamins can execute their regulatory role in determining the differentiation status of a cell. We have summarized recent data focused on lamin A/C action mechanisms in regulation of cell differentiation and identity development of stem cells of different origin. We also discuss how this knowledge can promote further research toward a deeper understanding of the role of lamin A/C mutations in laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malashicheva
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kseniya Perepelina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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8
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Ovsiannikova NL, Lavrushkina SV, Ivanova AV, Mazina LM, Zhironkina OA, Kireev II. Lamin A as a Determinant of Mechanical Properties of the Cell Nucleus in Health and Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1288-1300. [PMID: 34903160 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the main factors associated with worse prognosis in oncology is metastasis, which is based on the ability of tumor cells to migrate from the primary source and to form secondary tumors. The search for new strategies to control migration of metastatic cells is one of the urgent issues in biomedicine. One of the strategies to stop spread of cancer cells could be regulation of the nuclear elasticity. Nucleus, as the biggest and stiffest cellular compartment, determines mechanical properties of the cell as a whole, and, hence, could prevent cell migration through the three-dimensional extracellular matrix. Nuclear rigidity is maintained by the nuclear lamina, two-dimensional network of intermediate filaments in the inner nuclear membrane (INM). Here we present the most significant factors defining nucleus rigidity, discuss the role of nuclear envelope composition in the cell migration, as well consider possible approaches to control lamina composition in order to change plasticity of the cell nucleus and ability of the tumor cells to metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Ovsiannikova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Lavrushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Ivanova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Ludmila M Mazina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Oxana A Zhironkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Igor I Kireev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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9
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El-Nachef L, Al-Choboq J, Restier-Verlet J, Granzotto A, Berthel E, Sonzogni L, Ferlazzo ML, Bouchet A, Leblond P, Combemale P, Pinson S, Bourguignon M, Foray N. Human Radiosensitivity and Radiosusceptibility: What Are the Differences? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7158. [PMID: 34281212 PMCID: PMC8267933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The individual response to ionizing radiation (IR) raises a number of medical, scientific, and societal issues. While the term "radiosensitivity" was used by the pioneers at the beginning of the 20st century to describe only the radiation-induced adverse tissue reactions related to cell death, a confusion emerged in the literature from the 1930s, as "radiosensitivity" was indifferently used to describe the toxic, cancerous, or aging effect of IR. In parallel, the predisposition to radiation-induced adverse tissue reactions (radiosensitivity), notably observed after radiotherapy appears to be caused by different mechanisms than those linked to predisposition to radiation-induced cancer (radiosusceptibility). This review aims to document these differences in order to better estimate the different radiation-induced risks. It reveals that there are very few syndromes associated with the loss of biological functions involved directly in DNA damage recognition and repair as their role is absolutely necessary for cell viability. By contrast, some cytoplasmic proteins whose functions are independent of genome surveillance may also act as phosphorylation substrates of the ATM protein to regulate the molecular response to IR. The role of the ATM protein may help classify the genetic syndromes associated with radiosensitivity and/or radiosusceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura El-Nachef
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Joelle Al-Choboq
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Juliette Restier-Verlet
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Elise Berthel
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
- Neolys Diagnostics, 67960 Entzheim, France
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Mélanie L. Ferlazzo
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Audrey Bouchet
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Pierre Leblond
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Patrick Combemale
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Stéphane Pinson
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Quai des Célestins, 69002 Lyon, France;
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
- Université Paris Saclay Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; (L.E.-N.); (J.A.-C.); Juliette.Restier-- (J.R.-V.); (A.G.); (E.B.); (L.S.); (M.L.F.); (A.B.); (M.B.)
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10
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Vijg J. From DNA damage to mutations: All roads lead to aging. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101316. [PMID: 33711511 PMCID: PMC10018438 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the repository of genetic information in cells has plagued life since its very beginning 3-4 billion years ago. Initially, in the absence of an ozone layer, especially damage from solar UV radiation must have been frequent, with other sources, most notably endogenous sources related to cell metabolism, gaining in importance over time. To cope with this high frequency of damage to the increasingly long DNA molecules that came to encode the growing complexity of cellular functions in cells, DNA repair evolved as one of the earliest genetic traits. Then as now, errors during the repair of DNA damage generated mutations, which provide the substrate for evolution by natural selection. With the emergence of multicellular organisms also the soma became a target of DNA damage and mutations. In somatic cells selection against the adverse effects of DNA damage is greatly diminished, especially in postmitotic cells after the age of first reproduction. Based on an abundance of evidence, DNA damage is now considered as the single most important driver of the degenerative processes that collectively cause aging. Here I will first briefly review the evidence for DNA damage as a cause of aging since the beginning of life. Then, after discussing the possible direct adverse effects of DNA damage and its cellular responses, I will provide an overview of the considerable progress that has recently been made in analyzing a major consequence of DNA damage in humans and other complex organisms: somatic mutations and the resulting genome mosaicism. Recent advances in studying somatic mutagenesis and genome mosaicism in different human and animal tissues will be discussed with a focus on the possible mechanisms through which loss of DNA sequence integrity could cause age-related functional decline and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Patel J, Baptiste BA, Kim E, Hussain M, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. DNA damage and mitochondria in cancer and aging. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1625-1634. [PMID: 33146705 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and DNA repair deficiencies are strong risk factors for developing cancer. This is reflected in the comorbidity of cancer with premature aging diseases associated with DNA damage repair deficiencies. Recent research has suggested that DNA damage accumulation, telomere dysfunction and the accompanying mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbate the aging process and may increase the risk of cancer development. Thus, an area of interest in both cancer and aging research is the elucidation of the dynamic crosstalk between the nucleus and the mitochondria. In this review, we discuss current research on aging and cancer with specific focus on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer and aging as well as how nuclear to mitochondrial DNA damage signaling may be a driving factor in the increased cancer incidence with aging. We suggest that therapeutic interventions aimed at the induction of autophagy and mediation of nuclear to mitochondrial signaling may provide a mechanism for healthier aging and reduced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimin Patel
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beverly A Baptiste
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mansoor Hussain
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Kang SM, Yoon MH, Lee SJ, Ahn J, Yi SA, Nam KH, Park S, Woo TG, Cho JH, Lee J, Ha NC, Park BJ. Human WRN is an intrinsic inhibitor of progerin, abnormal splicing product of lamin A. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9122. [PMID: 33907225 PMCID: PMC8079706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WRN) is a rare progressive genetic disorder, caused by functional defects in WRN protein and RecQ4L DNA helicase. Acceleration of the aging process is initiated at puberty and the expected life span is approximately the late 50 s. However, a Wrn-deficient mouse model does not show premature aging phenotypes or a short life span, implying that aging processes differ greatly between humans and mice. Gene expression analysis of WRN cells reveals very similar results to gene expression analysis of Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) cells, suggesting that these human progeroid syndromes share a common pathological mechanism. Here we show that WRN cells also express progerin, an abnormal variant of the lamin A protein. In addition, we reveal that duplicated sequences of human WRN (hWRN) from exon 9 to exon 10, which differ from the sequence of mouse WRN (mWRN), are a natural inhibitor of progerin. Overexpression of hWRN reduced progerin expression and aging features in HGPS cells. Furthermore, the elimination of progerin by siRNA or a progerin-inhibitor (SLC-D011 also called progerinin) can ameliorate senescence phenotypes in WRN fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, derived from WRN-iPSCs. These results suggest that progerin, which easily accumulates under WRN-deficient conditions, can lead to premature aging in WRN and that this effect can be prevented by SLC-D011.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Mi Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Yoon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsook Ahn
- Program in Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hong Nam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Woo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheol Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Program in Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Ishitsuka Y, Hanaoka Y, Tanemura A, Fujimoto M. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Age of Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1148. [PMID: 33800195 PMCID: PMC7962464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most prevalent skin cancer globally. Because most cSCC cases are manageable by local excision/radiotherapy and hardly become life-threatening, they are often excluded from cancer registries in most countries. Compared with cutaneous melanoma that originates from the melanin-producing, neural crest-derived epidermal resident, keratinocyte (KC)-derived cancers are influenced by the immune system with regards to their pathogenetic behaviour. Congenital or acquired immunosurveillance impairments compromise tumoricidal activity and raises cSCC incidence rates. Intriguingly, expanded applications of programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade therapies have revealed cSCC to be one of the most amenable targets, particularly when compared with the mucosal counterparts arisen in the esophagus or the cervix. The clinical observation reminds us that cutaneous tissue has a peculiarly high immunogenicity that can evoke tumoricidal recall responses topically. Here we attempt to redefine cSCC biology and review current knowledge about cSCC from multiple viewpoints that involve epidemiology, clinicopathology, molecular genetics, molecular immunology, and developmental biology. This synthesis not only underscores the primal importance of the immune system, rather than just a mere accumulation of ultraviolet-induced mutations but also reinforces the following hypothesis: PD-1 blockade effectively restores the immunity specially allowed to exist within the fully cornified squamous epithelium, that is, the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology Integrated Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.H.); (A.T.); (M.F.)
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14
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Abstract
Human lifespan has increased significantly in the last 200 years, emphasizing our need to age healthily. Insights into molecular mechanisms of aging might allow us to slow down its rate or even revert it. Similar to aging, glycosylation is regulated by an intricate interplay of genetic and environmental factors. The dynamics of glycopattern variation during aging has been mostly explored for plasma/serum and immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycome, as we describe thoroughly in this chapter. In addition, we discuss the potential functional role of agalactosylated IgG glycans in aging, through modulation of inflammation level, as proposed by the concept of inflammaging. We also comment on the potential to use the plasma/serum and IgG N-glycome as a biomarker of healthy aging and on the interventions that modulate the IgG glycopattern. Finally, we discuss the current knowledge about animal models for human plasma/serum and IgG glycosylation and mention other, less explored, instances of glycopattern changes during organismal aging and cellular senescence.
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15
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Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers from UVB exposure induce a hypermetabolic state in keratinocytes via mitochondrial oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101808. [PMID: 33264701 PMCID: PMC7708942 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) is an environmental complete carcinogen, which induces and promotes keratinocyte carcinomas, the most common human malignancies. UVB induces the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Repairing CPDs through nucleotide excision repair is slow and error-prone in placental mammals. In addition to the mutagenic and malignancy-inducing effects, UVB also elicits poorly understood complex metabolic changes in keratinocytes, possibly through CPDs. To determine the effects of CPDs, CPD-photolyase was overexpressed in keratinocytes using an N1-methyl pseudouridine-containing in vitro-transcribed mRNA. CPD-photolyase, which is normally not present in placental mammals, can efficiently and rapidly repair CPDs to block signaling pathways elicited by CPDs. Keratinocytes surviving UVB irradiation turn hypermetabolic. We show that CPD-evoked mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, followed by the activation of several energy sensor enzymes, including sirtuins, AMPK, mTORC1, mTORC2, p53, and ATM, is responsible for the compensatory metabolic adaptations in keratinocytes surviving UVB irradiation. Compensatory metabolic changes consist of enhanced glycolytic flux, Szent-Györgyi-Krebs cycle, and terminal oxidation. Furthermore, mitochondrial fusion, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipophagy characterize compensatory hypermetabolism in UVB-exposed keratinocytes. These properties not only support the survival of keratinocytes, but also contribute to UVB-induced differentiation of keratinocytes. Our results indicate that CPD-dependent signaling acutely maintains skin integrity by supporting cellular energy metabolism.
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16
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Cawthon RM, Meeks HD, Sasani TA, Smith KR, Kerber RA, O'Brien E, Baird L, Dixon MM, Peiffer AP, Leppert MF, Quinlan AR, Jorde LB. Germline mutation rates in young adults predict longevity and reproductive lifespan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10001. [PMID: 32561805 PMCID: PMC7305191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing may be due to mutation accumulation across the lifespan, leading to tissue dysfunction, disease, and death. We tested whether germline autosomal mutation rates in young adults predict their remaining survival, and, for women, their reproductive lifespans. Age-adjusted mutation rates (AAMRs) in 61 women and 61 men from the Utah CEPH (Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme Humain) families were determined. Age at death, cause of death, all-site cancer incidence, and reproductive histories were provided by the Utah Population Database, Utah Cancer Registry, and Utah Genetic Reference Project. Higher AAMRs were significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality in both sexes combined. Subjects in the top quartile of AAMRs experienced more than twice the mortality of bottom quartile subjects (hazard ratio [HR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–3.56; p = 0.008; median survival difference = 4.7 years). Fertility analyses were restricted to women whose age at last birth (ALB) was ≥ 30 years, the age when fertility begins to decline. Women with higher AAMRs had significantly fewer live births and a younger ALB. Adult germline mutation accumulation rates are established in adolescence, and later menarche in women is associated with delayed mutation accumulation. We conclude that germline mutation rates in healthy young adults may provide a measure of both reproductive and systemic ageing. Puberty may induce the establishment of adult mutation accumulation rates, just when DNA repair systems begin their lifelong decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cawthon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Huong D Meeks
- Population Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Thomas A Sasani
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ken R Smith
- Population Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Richard A Kerber
- Department of Health Management & Systems Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Elizabeth O'Brien
- Department of Health Management & Systems Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Lisa Baird
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Melissa M Dixon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Andreas P Peiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mark F Leppert
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Aaron R Quinlan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,USTAR Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Lynn B Jorde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,USTAR Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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17
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Lamin A/C Assembly Defects in LMNA-Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Is Responsible for the Increased Severity of the Disease Compared with Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040844. [PMID: 32244403 PMCID: PMC7226786 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
LMNA encodes for Lamin A/C, type V intermediate filaments that polymerize under the inner nuclear membrane to form the nuclear lamina. A small fraction of Lamin A/C, less polymerized, is also found in the nucleoplasm. Lamin A/C functions include roles in nuclear resistance to mechanical stress and gene regulation. LMNA mutations are responsible for a wide variety of pathologies, including Emery–Dreifuss (EDMD) and LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophies (L-CMD) without clear genotype–phenotype correlations. Both diseases presented with striated muscle disorders although L-CMD symptoms appear much earlier and are more severe. Seeking for pathomechanical differences to explain the severity of L-CMD mutations, we performed an in silico analysis of the UMD-LMNA database and found that L-CMD mutations mainly affect residues involved in Lamin dimer and tetramer stability. In line with this, we found increased nucleoplasmic Lamin A/C in L-CMD patient fibroblasts and mouse myoblasts compared to the control and EDMD. L-CMD myoblasts show differentiation defects linked to their inability to upregulate muscle specific nuclear envelope (NE) proteins expression. NE proteins were mislocalized, leading to misshapen nuclei. We conclude that these defects are due to both the absence of Lamin A/C from the nuclear lamina and its maintenance in the nucleoplasm of myotubes.
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18
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Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protein Plays a Dual Role in WRN-Mediated Repair of Nonhomologous End Joining. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01273-19. [PMID: 31462559 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01273-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protein possesses protease and helicase activities and is considered an oncoprotein in virus-derived hepatocellular carcinoma. The NS3-associated oncogenesis has been studied but not fully understood. In this study, we have identified novel interactions of the NS3 protein with DNA repair factors, Werner syndrome protein (WRN) and Ku70, in both an HCV subgenomic replicon system and Huh7 cells expressing NS3. HCV NS3 protein inhibits WRN-mediated DNA repair and reduces the repair efficiency of nonhomologous end joining. It interferes with Ku70 recruitment to the double-strand break sites and alters the nuclear distribution of WRN-Ku repair complex. In addition, WRN is a substrate of the NS3/4A protease; the level of WRN protein is regulated by both the proteasome degradation pathway and HCV NS3/4A protease activity. The dual role of HCV NS3 and NS3/4A proteins in regulating the function and expression level of the WRN protein intensifies the effect of impairment on DNA repair. This may lead to an accumulation of DNA mutations and genome instability and, eventually, tumor development.IMPORTANCE HCV infection is a worldwide problem of public health and a major contributor to hepatocellular carcinoma. The single-stranded RNA virus with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase experiences a high error rate and develops strategies to escape the immune system and hepatocarcinogenesis. Studies have revealed the involvement of HCV proteins in the impairment of DNA repair. The present study aimed to further elucidate mechanisms by which the viral NS3 protein impairs the repair of DNA damage. Our results clearly indicate that HCV NS3/4A protease targets WRN for degradation, and, at the same time, diminishes the repair efficiency of nonhomologous end joining by interfering with the recruitment of Ku protein to the DNA double-strand break sites. The study describes a novel mechanism by which the NS3 protein influences DNA repair and provides new insight into the molecular mechanism of HCV pathogenesis.
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Abstract
Cardiac ageing manifests as a decline in function leading to heart failure. At the cellular level, ageing entails decreased replicative capacity and dysregulation of cellular processes in myocardial and nonmyocyte cells. Various extrinsic parameters, such as lifestyle and environment, integrate important signalling pathways, such as those involving inflammation and oxidative stress, with intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying resistance versus progression to cellular senescence. Mitigation of cardiac functional decline in an ageing organism requires the activation of enhanced maintenance and reparative capacity, thereby overcoming inherent endogenous limitations to retaining a youthful phenotype. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulation of cellular function and renewal reveals potential interventional targets to attenuate degenerative processes at the cellular and systemic levels to improve quality of life for our ageing population. In this Review, we discuss the roles of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in cardiac ageing. Animal models of cardiac ageing are summarized, followed by an overview of the current and possible future treatments to mitigate the deleterious effects of cardiac ageing.
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20
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Zamponi E, Helguera PR. The Shape of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Down Syndrome. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 79:613-621. [PMID: 30830726 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) have been extensively studied and defined as therapeutic targets in Down syndrome (DS). Though originally associated to individual genes located in supernumerary chromosome 21, OS and MD metabolic compromises appear to be linked to whole genome functionally defined transcriptional fingerprints that further exacerbate the contribution of critical genes in DS-AD pathology. As the main ROS generator, mitochondrial complex double-membrane organization, tightly regulated fission/fusion dynamics, and involvement in critical pathways, makes it particularly vulnerable to functional alterations. Consequently, mitochondrial network morphology depends on its metabolic state and has been used as an indicator of cellular homeostasis. Initial qualitative categorization, suitable for sparse arranged fragments analysis, were proven to be ineffective to measure network connectivity and replaced by innovative tools that involve the transformation of raw images to linear skeletons. These manipulations allowed the development of a new generation of structural parameters, such as mean degree value (MDV). Alterations in DS mitochondrial networks include increased frequency of aberrant morphologies, shorter mitochondrial fragments, and significantly lower mitochondrial network connectivity. Similar structural and functional mitochondrial defects are common to other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson disease and Prion disease, and to a progeroid syndrome like HGPS. Therapeutic interventions aimed to either increase mitochondrial biogenesis or diminish OS using mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants, successfully restored mitochondrial activity and structural organization, confirming the strong correlation between network form and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zamponi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P R Helguera
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
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21
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Vivante A, Brozgol E, Bronshtein I, Levi V, Garini Y. Chromatin dynamics governed by a set of nuclear structural proteins. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:437-451. [PMID: 30537111 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past three decades, the study of nuclear and chromatin organization has become of great interest. The organization and dynamics of chromatin are directly responsible for many functions including gene regulation, genome replication, and maintenance. In order to better understand the details of these mechanisms, we need to understand the role of specific proteins that take part in these processes. The genome in the nucleus is organized in different length scales, ranging from the bead-like nucleosomes through topological associated domains up to chromosome territories. The mechanisms that maintain these structures, however, remain to be fully elucidated. Previous works highlighted the significance of lamin A, an important nucleoplasmic protein; however, there are other nuclear structural proteins that are also important for chromatin organization. Studying the organizational aspects of the nucleus is a complex task, and different methods have been developed and adopted for this purpose, including molecular and imaging methods. Here we describe the use of the live-cell imaging method and demonstrate that the dynamics of the nucleus is strongly related to its organizational mechanisms. We labeled different genomic sites in the nucleus and measured the effect of nuclear structural proteins on their dynamics. We studied lamin A, BAF, Emerin, lamin B, CTCF, and Cohesin and discuss how each of them affect chromatin dynamics. Our findings indicate that lamin A and BAF have a significant effect on chromosomes dynamics, while other proteins mildly affect the type of the diffusion while the volume of motion is not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Vivante
- Physics Department and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eugene Brozgol
- Physics Department and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Irena Bronshtein
- Physics Department and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Vered Levi
- Physics Department and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yuval Garini
- Physics Department and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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22
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Epigenetic Regulation of Skin Cells in Natural Aging and Premature Aging Diseases. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120268. [PMID: 30545089 PMCID: PMC6315602 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin undergoes continuous renewal throughout an individual’s lifetime relying on stem cell functionality. However, a decline of the skin regenerative potential occurs with age. The accumulation of senescent cells over time probably reduces tissue regeneration and contributes to skin aging. Keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts undergo senescence in response to several intrinsic or extrinsic stresses, including telomere shortening, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, diet, and sunlight exposure. Epigenetic mechanisms directly regulate skin homeostasis and regeneration, but they also mark cell senescence and the natural and pathological aging processes. Progeroid syndromes represent a group of clinical and genetically heterogeneous pathologies characterized by the accelerated aging of various tissues and organs, including skin. Skin cells from progeroid patients display molecular hallmarks that mimic those associated with naturally occurring aging. Thus, investigations on progeroid syndromes strongly contribute to disclose the causal mechanisms that underlie the aging process. In the present review, we discuss the role of epigenetic pathways in skin cell regulation during physiologic and premature aging.
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23
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Bártová E, Legartová S, Krejčí J, Řezníčková P, Kovaříková AS, Suchánková J, Fedr R, Smirnov E, Hornáček M, Raška I. Depletion of A-type lamins and Lap2α reduces 53BP1 accumulation at UV-induced DNA lesions and Lap2α protein is responsible for compactness of irradiated chromatin. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8146-8162. [PMID: 29923310 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied how deficiency in lamins A/C and lamina-associated polypeptide 2α (Lap2α) affects DNA repair after irradiation. A-type lamins and Lap2α were not recruited to local DNA lesions and did not accumulate to γ-irradiation-induced foci (IRIF), as it is generally observed for well-known marker of DNA lesions, 53BP1 protein. At micro-irradiated chromatin of lmna double knockout (dn) and Lap2α dn cells, 53BP1 protein levels were reduced, compared to locally irradiated wild-type counterpart. Decreased levels of 53BP1 we also observed in whole populations of lmna dn and Lap2α dn cells, irradiated by UV light. We also studied distribution pattern of 53BP1 protein in a genome outside micro-irradiated region. In Lap2α deficient cells, identical fluorescence of mCherry-tagged 53BP1 protein was found at both microirradiated region and surrounding chromatin. However, a well-known marker of double strand breaks, γH2AX, was highly abundant in the lesion-surrounding genome of Lap2α deficient cells. Described changes, induced by irradiation in Lap2α dn cells, were not accompanied by cell cycle changes. In Lap2α dn cells, we additionally performed analysis by FLIM (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy) that showed different dynamic behavior of mCherry-tagged 53BP1 protein pools when it was compared with wild-type (wt) fibroblasts. This analysis revealed three different fractions of mCherry-53BP1 protein. Two of them showed identical exponential decay times (τ1 and τ3), but the decay rate of τ2 and amplitudes of fluorescence decays (A1-A3) were statistically different in wt and Lap2α dn fibroblasts. Moreover, γ-irradiation weakened an interaction between A-type lamins and Lap2α. Together, our results demonstrate how depletion of Lap2α affects DNA damage response (DDR) and how chromatin compactness is changed in Lap2α deficient cells exposed to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bártová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Legartová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krejčí
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Řezníčková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jana Suchánková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Evgeny Smirnov
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matúš Hornáček
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Raška
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Valdeolivas A, Tichit L, Navarro C, Perrin S, Odelin G, Levy N, Cau P, Remy E, Baudot A. Random walk with restart on multiplex and heterogeneous biological networks. Bioinformatics 2018; 35:497-505. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdeolivas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Marseille, France
- ProGeLife, Marseille
| | - Laurent Tichit
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Navarro
- ProGeLife, Marseille
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Perrin
- ProGeLife, Marseille
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - Gaëlle Odelin
- ProGeLife, Marseille
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Levy
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Cau
- ProGeLife, Marseille
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Remy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Marseille, France
| | - Anaïs Baudot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Marseille, France
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Martino F, Perestrelo AR, Vinarský V, Pagliari S, Forte G. Cellular Mechanotransduction: From Tension to Function. Front Physiol 2018; 9:824. [PMID: 30026699 PMCID: PMC6041413 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Living cells are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli arising from the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) or from neighboring cells. The intracellular molecular processes through which such physical cues are transformed into a biological response are collectively dubbed as mechanotransduction and are of fundamental importance to help the cell timely adapt to the continuous dynamic modifications of the microenvironment. Local changes in ECM composition and mechanics are driven by a feed forward interplay between the cell and the matrix itself, with the first depositing ECM proteins that in turn will impact on the surrounding cells. As such, these changes occur regularly during tissue development and are a hallmark of the pathologies of aging. Only lately, though, the importance of mechanical cues in controlling cell function (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, migration) has been acknowledged. Here we provide a critical review of the recent insights into the molecular basis of cellular mechanotransduction, by analyzing how mechanical stimuli get transformed into a given biological response through the activation of a peculiar genetic program. Specifically, by recapitulating the processes involved in the interpretation of ECM remodeling by Focal Adhesions at cell-matrix interphase, we revise the role of cytoskeleton tension as the second messenger of the mechanotransduction process and the action of mechano-responsive shuttling proteins converging on stage and cell-specific transcription factors. Finally, we give few paradigmatic examples highlighting the emerging role of malfunctions in cell mechanosensing apparatus in the onset and progression of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Martino
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ana R. Perestrelo
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Vinarský
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Competence Center for Mechanobiology in Regenerative Medicine, INTERREG ATCZ133, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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26
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Mandibuloacral dysplasia: A premature ageing disease with aspects of physiological ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:1-13. [PMID: 29208544 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD) is a rare genetic condition characterized by bone abnormalities including localized osteolysis and generalized osteoporosis, skin pigmentation, lipodystrophic signs and mildly accelerated ageing. The molecular defects associated with MAD are mutations in LMNA or ZMPSTE24 (FACE1) gene, causing type A or type B MAD, respectively. Downstream of LMNA or ZMPSTE24 mutations, the lamin A precursor, prelamin A, is accumulated in cells and affects chromatin dynamics and stress response. A new form of mandibuloacral dysplasia has been recently associated with mutations in POLD1 gene, encoding DNA polymerase delta, a major player in DNA replication. Of note, involvement of prelamin A in chromatin dynamics and recruitment of DNA repair factors has been also determined under physiological conditions, at the border between stress response and cellular senescence. Here, we review current knowledge on MAD clinical and pathogenetic aspects and highlight aspects typical of physiological ageing.
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Houck AL, Seddighi S, Driver JA. At the Crossroads Between Neurodegeneration and Cancer: A Review of Overlapping Biology and Its Implications. Curr Aging Sci 2018; 11:77-89. [PMID: 29552989 PMCID: PMC6519136 DOI: 10.2174/1874609811666180223154436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of epidemiologic evidence suggests that neurodegenerative diseases occur less frequently in cancer survivors, and vice versa. While unusual, this inverse comorbidity is biologically plausible and could be explained, in part, by the evolutionary tradeoffs made by neurons and cycling cells to optimize the performance of their very different functions. The two cell types utilize the same proteins and pathways in different, and sometimes opposite, ways. However, cancer and neurodegeneration also share many pathophysiological features. OBJECTIVE In this review, we compare three overlapping aspects of neurodegeneration and cancer. METHOD First, we contrast the priorities and tradeoffs of dividing cells and neurons and how these manifest in disease. Second, we consider the hallmarks of biological aging that underlie both neurodegeneration and cancer. Finally, we utilize information from genetic databases to outline specific genes and pathways common to both diseases. CONCLUSION We argue that a detailed understanding of the biologic and genetic relationships between cancer and neurodegeneration can guide future efforts in designing disease-modifying therapeutic interventions. Lastly, strategies that target aging may prevent or delay both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Houck
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sahba Seddighi
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jane A. Driver
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System and the Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women ‘s Hospital, Harvard Medical School (J.A.D.), Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Relevance of the p53-MDM2 axis to aging. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:169-179. [PMID: 29192902 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to varying stress signals, the p53 tumor suppressor is able to promote repair, survival, or elimination of damaged cells - processes that have great relevance to organismal aging. Although the link between p53 and cancer is well established, the contribution of p53 to the aging process is less clear. Delineating how p53 regulates distinct aging hallmarks such as cellular senescence, genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered metabolic pathways will be critical. Mouse models have further revealed the centrality and complexity of the p53 network in aging processes. While naturally aged mice have linked longevity with declining p53 function, some accelerated aging mice present with chronic p53 activation, whose phenotypes can be rescued upon p53 deficiency. Further, direct modulation of the p53-MDM2 axis has correlated elevated p53 activity with either early aging or with delayed-onset aging. We speculate that p53-mediated aging phenotypes in these mice must have (1) stably active p53 due to MDM2 dysregulation or chronic stress or (2) shifted p53 outcomes. Pinpointing which p53 stressors, modifications, and outcomes drive aging processes will provide further insights into our understanding of the human aging process and could have implications for both cancer and aging therapeutics.
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Marian AJ. Non-syndromic cardiac progeria in a patient with the rare pathogenic p.Asp300Asn variant in the LMNA gene. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:116. [PMID: 29047356 PMCID: PMC5648416 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Mutations in LMNA gene, encoding Lamin A/C, cause a diverse array of phenotypes, collectively referred to as laminopathies. The most common manifestation is dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), occurring in conjunction with variable skeletal muscle involvement but without involvement of the coronary arteries. Much less commonly, LMNA mutations cause progeroid syndromes, whereby an early-onset coronary artery disease (CAD) is the hallmark of the disease. We report a hitherto unreported compound cardiac phenotype, dubbed as “non-syndromic cardiac progeria”, in a young patient who carried a rare pathogenic variant in the LMNA gene and developed progressive degeneration of various cardiac structures, as seen in the elderly. The phenotype resembled the progeroid syndromes, except that it was restricted to the heart and did not involve other organs. Case presentation The patient was a well-developed Caucasian female who presented at age 29 years with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) and was found to have extensive CAD. She had none of the conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis. She underwent coronary artery bypass surgery but continued to require multiple percutaneous coronary interventions for symptomatic obstructive coronary lesions. During the course of next 10 years, she developed mitral regurgitation, degenerative mitral and aortic valve diseases, atrial flutter, and progressive conduction defects. She died from progressive heart failure with predominant involvement of the right ventricle and severe tricuspid regurgitation. Cardiac phenotype in this young patient resembled degenerative cardiac diseases of the elderly and the progeroid syndromes. However, in contrast to the progeroid syndromes, the phenotype was restricted to the heart and did not involve other organs. Thus, the phenotype was dubbed as a non-syndromic cardiac progeria. Genetic screening of several cardiomyopathy genes, including LMNA, which is a causal gene for progeroid syndromes, led to identification of a very rare pathogenic p.Asp300Asn variant in the LMNA gene. Conclusions We infer that the LMNA p.Asp300Asn mutation is pathogenic in non-syndromic cardiac progeria. Mutations involving codon 300 in the LMNA gene have been associated with progeroid syndromes involving multiple organs. Collectively, the data provide credence to the causal role of p.Asp300Asn mutation in the pathogenesis of non-syndromic cardiac progeria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-017-0480-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, 6770 Bertner Street, DAC900, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Street, DAC900, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Northcott JM, Czubryt MP, Wigle JT. Vascular senescence and ageing: a role for the MEOX proteins in promoting endothelial dysfunction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1067-1077. [PMID: 28727928 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the vascular system, ageing is accompanied by the accrual of senescent cells and is associated with an increased risk of vascular disease. Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a hallmark of vascular disease and is characterized by decreased angiogenic potential, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, impaired vasodilation, increased production of ROS, and enhanced inflammation. In ECs, the major producer of nitric oxide is the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme that is encoded by the NOS3 gene. NOS3/eNOS function is tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels to maintain normal vascular function. A key transcriptional regulator of eNOS expression is p53, which has been shown to play a central role in mediating cellular senescence and thereby vascular dysfunction. Herein, we show that, in ECs, the MEOX homeodomain transcription factors decrease the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, repress eNOS expression at the mRNA and protein levels, and increase the expression of p53. These findings support a role for the MEOX proteins in promoting endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josette M Northcott
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Wigle
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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Santo J, Lopez-Herrera C, Apolit C, Bareche Y, Lapasset L, Chavey C, Capozi S, Mahuteau-Betzer F, Najman R, Fornarelli P, Lopez-Mejía IC, Béranger G, Casas F, Amri EZ, Pau B, Scherrer D, Tazi J. Pharmacological modulation of LMNA SRSF1-dependent splicing abrogates diet-induced obesity in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:390-401. [PMID: 27916986 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bakground/Objectives:Intense drug discovery efforts in the metabolic field highlight the need for novel strategies for the treatment of obesity. Alternative splicing (AS) and/or polyadenylation enable the LMNA gene to express distinct protein isoforms that exert opposing effects on energy metabolism and lifespan. Here we aimed to use the splicing factor SRSF1 that contribute to the production of these different isoforms as a target to uncover new anti-obesity drug. SUBJECTS/METHODS Small molecules modulating SR protein activity and splicing were tested for their abilities to interact with SRSF1 and to modulate LMNA (AS). Using an LMNA luciferase reporter we selected molecules that were tested in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Transcriptomic analyses were performed in the white adipose tissues from untreated and treated DIO mice and mice fed a chow diet. RESULTS We identified a small molecule that specifically interacted with the RS domain of SRSF1. ABX300 abolished DIO in mice, leading to restoration of adipose tissue homeostasis. In contrast, ABX300 had no effect on mice fed a standard chow diet. A global transcriptomic analysis revealed similar profiles of white adipose tissue from DIO mice treated with ABX300 and from untreated mice fed a chow diet. Mice treated with ABX300 exhibited an increase in O2 consumption and a switch in fuel preference toward lipids. CONCLUSIONS Targeting SRSF1 with ABX300 compensates for changes in RNA biogenesis induced by fat accumulation and consequently represents a novel unexplored approach for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Santo
- ABIVAX, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - C Apolit
- ABIVAX, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Y Bareche
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - C Chavey
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - S Capozi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Mahuteau-Betzer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, Orsay, France
| | - R Najman
- ABIVAX, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, Orsay, France
| | - P Fornarelli
- ABIVAX, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, Orsay, France
| | - I C Lopez-Mejía
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - G Béranger
- Institut de Biologie de Valrose, UMR CNRS 7277-UMR INSERM 1091, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - F Casas
- UMR Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, INRA-CAMPUS SUPAGRO 2 place Viala, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - E-Z Amri
- Institut de Biologie de Valrose, UMR CNRS 7277-UMR INSERM 1091, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - B Pau
- Université de Montpellier, UFR Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | | | - J Tazi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Ghebre YT, Yakubov E, Wong WT, Krishnamurthy P, Sayed N, Sikora AG, Bonnen MD. Vascular Aging: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease and Therapy. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (SUNNYVALE, CALIF.) 2016; 6:183. [PMID: 28932625 PMCID: PMC5602592 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1025.1000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease is highest among the elderly, in part, due to deleterious effects of advancing age on the heart and blood vessels. Aging, a known cardiovascular risk factor, is progressively associated with structural and functional changes to the vasculature including hemodynamic disturbance due to increased oxidative stress, premature cellular senescence and impairments in synthesis and/or secretion of endothelium-derived vasoactive molecules. These molecular and physiological changes lead to vessel wall stiffening and thickening, as well as other vascular complications that culminate to loss of vascular tone regulation and endothelial function. Intriguingly, the vessel wall, a biochemically active structure composed of collagen, connective tissue, smooth muscle and endothelial cells, is adversely affected by processes involved in premature or normal aging. Notably, the inner most layer of the vessel wall, the endothelium, becomes senescent and dysfunctional with advancing age. As a result, its ability to release vasoactive molecules such as acetylcholine (ACh), prostacyclin (PGI2), endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), and nitric oxide (NO) is reduced and the cellular response to these molecules is also impaired. By contrast, the vascular endothelium increases its generation and release of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, vasoconstrictors such as endothelin (ET) and angiotensin (AT), and endogenous inhibitors of NO synthases (NOSs) to block NO. This skews the balance of the endothelium in favor of the release of highly tissue reactive and harmful molecules that promote DNA damage, telomere erosion, senescence, as well as stiffened and hardened vessel wall that is prone to the development of hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular risk factors. This Review discusses the impact of advancing age on cardiovascular health, and highlights the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie age-associated vascular changes. In addition, the role of pharmacological interventions in preventing or delaying age-related cardiovascular disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes T Ghebre
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eduard Yakubov
- phaRNA Comprehensive RNA Technologies, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark D Bonnen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Nicolai S, Rossi A, Di Daniele N, Melino G, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Raschellà G. DNA repair and aging: the impact of the p53 family. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:1050-65. [PMID: 26668111 PMCID: PMC4712331 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors that threaten the integrity of their DNA. The maintenance of genome stability is of paramount importance in the prevention of both cancer and aging processes. To deal with DNA damage, cells put into operation a sophisticated and coordinated mechanism, collectively known as DNA damage response (DDR). The DDR orchestrates different cellular processes, such as DNA repair, senescence and apoptosis. Among the key factors of the DDR, the related proteins p53, p63 and p73, all belonging to the same family of transcription factors, play multiple relevant roles. Indeed, the members of this family are directly involved in the induction of cell cycle arrest that is necessary to allow the cells to repair. Alternatively, they can promote cell death in case of prolonged or irreparable DNA damage. They also take part in a more direct task by modulating the expression of core factors involved in the process of DNA repair or by directly interacting with them. In this review we will analyze the fundamental roles of the p53 family in the aging process through their multifaceted function in DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | | | - Giuseppe Raschellà
- ENEA Research Center Casaccia, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, 00123 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Aging is a complex process not only influenced by inherited but also by several environmental factors. It is characterized by a progressive loss of function in multiple tissues, which leads to an increased probability of death. On the other hand, several morphological and histological changes are registered in aged skin that is mostly dependent on the cumulative exposure in environmental aging promoters, such as ultraviolet radiation. Understanding of individual pathogenesis and introduction of preventive measurements require objective assessment, i.e., the administration of biomarkers. Because of the complexity of skin aging, the exact definition of biomarkers is a major research challenge. In this article, we summarize the basic knowledge involving skin aging and its biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Kanaki
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Germany
| | - Evgenia Makrantonaki
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
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Johmura Y, Yamashita E, Shimada M, Nakanishi K, Nakanishi M. Defective DNA repair increases susceptibility to senescence through extension of Chk1-mediated G2 checkpoint activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31194. [PMID: 27507734 PMCID: PMC4979019 DOI: 10.1038/srep31194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to senescence caused by defective DNA repair is a major hallmark of progeroid syndrome patients, but molecular mechanisms of how defective DNA repair predisposes to senescence are largely unknown. We demonstrate here that suppression of DNA repair pathways extends the duration of Chk1-dependent G2 checkpoint activation and sensitizes cells to senescence through enhancement of mitosis skipping. Extension of G2 checkpoint activation by introduction of the TopBP1 activation domain and the nondegradable mutant of Claspin sensitizes cells to senescence. In contrast, a shortening of G2 checkpoint activation by expression of SIRT6 or depletion of OTUB2 reduces susceptibility to senescence. Fibroblasts from progeroid syndromes tested shows a correlation between an extension of G2 checkpoint activation and an increase in the susceptibility to senescence. These results suggest that extension of G2 checkpoint activation caused by defective DNA repair is critical for senescence predisposition in progeroid syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Johmura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Emiri Yamashita
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Midori Shimada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakanishi
- Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Evangelisti C, Cenni V, Lattanzi G. Potential therapeutic effects of the MTOR inhibitors for preventing ageing and progeria-related disorders. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:1229-1244. [PMID: 26952863 PMCID: PMC5061804 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is an highly conserved signal transduction axis involved in many cellular processes, such as cell growth, survival, transcription, translation, apoptosis, metabolism, motility and autophagy. Recently, this signalling pathway has come to the attention of the scientific community owing to the unexpected finding that inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin, an antibiotic with immunosuppressant and chemotherapeutic properties, extends lifespan in diverse animal models. Moreover, rapamycin has been reported to rescue the cellular phenotype in a progeroid syndrome [Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria syndrome (HGPS)] that recapitulates most of the traits of physiological ageing. The promising perspectives raised by these results warrant a better understanding of mTOR signalling and the potential applications of mTOR inhibitors to counteract ageing‐associated diseases and increase longevity. This review is focused on these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Evangelisti
- CNR Institute for Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cenni
- CNR Institute for Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute for Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy.
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Oxidative Stress in Cancer-Prone Genetic Diseases in Pediatric Age: The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4782426. [PMID: 27239251 PMCID: PMC4863121 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4782426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a distinctive sign in several genetic disorders characterized by cancer predisposition, such as Ataxia-Telangiectasia, Fanconi Anemia, Down syndrome, progeroid syndromes, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and Costello syndrome. Recent literature unveiled new molecular mechanisms linking oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of these conditions, with particular regard to mitochondrial dysfunction. Since mitochondria are one of the major sites of ROS production as well as one of the major targets of their action, this dysfunction is thought to be the cause of the prooxidant status. Deeper insight of the pathogenesis of the syndromes raises the possibility to identify new possible therapeutic targets. In particular, the use of mitochondrial-targeted agents seems to be an appropriate clinical strategy in order to improve the quality of life and the life span of the patients.
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A Heterozygous ZMPSTE24 Mutation Associated with Severe Metabolic Syndrome, Ectopic Fat Accumulation, and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020021. [PMID: 27120622 PMCID: PMC4931670 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ZMPSTE24 encodes the only metalloprotease, which transforms prelamin into mature lamin A. Up to now, mutations in ZMPSTE24 have been linked to Restrictive Dermopathy (RD), Progeria or Mandibulo-Acral Dysplasia (MAD). We report here the phenotype of a patient referred for severe metabolic syndrome and cardiomyopathy, carrying a mutation in ZMPSTE24. The patient presented with a partial lipodystrophic syndrome associating hypertriglyceridemia, early onset type 2 diabetes, and android obesity with truncal and abdominal fat accumulation but without subcutaneous lipoatrophy. Other clinical features included acanthosis nigricans, liver steatosis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and high myocardial and hepatic triglycerides content. Mutated fibroblasts from the patient showed increased nuclear shape abnormalities and premature senescence as demonstrated by a decreased Population Doubling Level, an increased beta-galactosidase activity and a decreased BrdU incorporation rate. Reduced prelamin A expression by siRNA targeted toward LMNA transcripts resulted in decreased nuclear anomalies. We show here that a central obesity without subcutaneous lipoatrophy is associated with a laminopathy due to a heterozygous missense mutation in ZMPSTE24. Given the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and android obesity in the general population, and in the absence of familial study, the causative link between mutation and phenotype cannot be formally established. Nevertheless, altered lamina architecture observed in mutated fibroblasts are responsible for premature cellular senescence and could contribute to the phenotype observed in this patient.
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Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare premature aging disease presenting many features resembling the normal aging process. HGPS patients die before the age of 20 years due to cardiovascular problems and heart failure. HGPS is linked to mutations in the LMNA gene encoding the intermediate filament protein lamin A. Lamin A is a major component of the nuclear lamina, a scaffold structure at the nuclear envelope that defines mechanochemical properties of the nucleus and is involved in chromatin organization and epigenetic regulation. Lamin A is also present in the nuclear interior where it fulfills lamina-independent functions in cell signaling and gene regulation. The most common LMNA mutation linked to HGPS leads to mis-splicing of the LMNA mRNA and produces a mutant lamin A protein called progerin that tightly associates with the inner nuclear membrane and affects the dynamic properties of lamins. Progerin expression impairs many important cellular processes providing insight into potential disease mechanisms. These include changes in mechanosignaling, altered chromatin organization and impaired genome stability, and changes in signaling pathways, leading to impaired regulation of adult stem cells, defective extracellular matrix production and premature cell senescence. In this review, we discuss these pathways and their potential contribution to the disease pathologies as well as therapeutic approaches used in preclinical and clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vidak
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Medical University Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Foisner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Medical University Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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Chondrogianni N, Voutetakis K, Kapetanou M, Delitsikou V, Papaevgeniou N, Sakellari M, Lefaki M, Filippopoulou K, Gonos ES. Proteasome activation: An innovative promising approach for delaying aging and retarding age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:37-55. [PMID: 25540941 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process accompanied by a progressive accumulation of damage in all constituent macromolecules (nucleic acids, lipids and proteins). Accumulation of damage in proteins leads to failure of proteostasis (or vice versa) due to increased levels of unfolded, misfolded or aggregated proteins and, in turn, to aging and/or age-related diseases. The major cellular proteolytic machineries, namely the proteasome and the lysosome, have been shown to dysfunction during aging and age-related diseases. Regarding the proteasome, it is well established that it can be activated either through genetic manipulation or through treatment with natural or chemical compounds that eventually result to extension of lifespan or deceleration of the progression of age-related diseases. This review article focuses on proteasome activation studies in several species and cellular models and their effects on aging and longevity. Moreover, it summarizes findings regarding proteasome activation in the major age-related diseases as well as in progeroid syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Chondrogianni
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Voutetakis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Kapetanou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Delitsikou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Marianthi Sakellari
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University, Medical School, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Lefaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Filippopoulou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University, Medical School, Örebro, Sweden.
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Schrauwen I, Szelinger S, Siniard AL, Kurdoglu A, Corneveaux JJ, Malenica I, Richholt R, Van Camp G, De Both M, Swaminathan S, Turk M, Ramsey K, Craig DW, Narayanan V, Huentelman MJ. A Frame-Shift Mutation in CAV1 Is Associated with a Severe Neonatal Progeroid and Lipodystrophy Syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131797. [PMID: 26176221 PMCID: PMC4503302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old female patient presenting with an unknown syndrome of a neonatal progeroid appearance, lipodystrophy, pulmonary hypertension, cutis marmorata, feeding disorder and failure to thrive was investigated by whole-genome sequencing. This revealed a de novo, heterozygous, frame-shift mutation in the Caveolin1 gene (CAV1) (p.Phe160X). Mutations in CAV1, encoding the main component of the caveolae in plasma membranes, cause Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 3 (BSCL). Although BSCL is recessive, heterozygous carriers either show a reduced phenotype of partial lipodystrophy, pulmonary hypertension, or no phenotype. To investigate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this syndrome in more depth, we performed next generation RNA sequencing of peripheral blood, which showed several dysregulated pathways in the patient that might be related to the phenotypic progeroid features (apoptosis, DNA repair/replication, mitochondrial). Secondly, we found a significant down-regulation of known Cav1 interaction partners, verifying the dysfunction of CAV1. Other known progeroid genes and lipodystrophy genes were also dysregulated. Next, western blotting of lysates of cultured fibroblasts showed that the patient shows a significantly decreased expression of wild-type CAV1 protein, demonstrating a loss-of-function mutation, though her phenotype is more severe that other heterozygotes with similar mutations. This phenotypic variety could be explained by differences in genetic background. Indications for this are supported by additional rare variants we found in AGPAT2 and LPIN1 lipodystrophy genes. CAV1, AGPAT2 and LPIN1 all play an important role in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis in adipose tissue, and the defective function in different parts of this pathway, though not all to the same extend, could contribute to a more severe lipoatrophic phenotype in this patient. In conclusion, we report, for the first time, an association of CAV1 dysfunction with a syndrome of severe premature aging and lipodystrophy. This may contribute to a better understanding of the aging process and pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Schrauwen
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Szabolcs Szelinger
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ashley L. Siniard
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ahmet Kurdoglu
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jason J. Corneveaux
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ivana Malenica
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ryan Richholt
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matt De Both
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Shanker Swaminathan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Mari Turk
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - David W. Craig
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Huentelman
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang SH, Procaccia S, Jung HJ, Nobumori C, Tatar A, Tu Y, Bayguinov YR, Hwang SJ, Tran D, Ward SM, Fong LG, Young SG. Mice that express farnesylated versions of prelamin A in neurons develop achalasia. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:2826-40. [PMID: 25652409 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the brain produce lamin C but almost no lamin A, a consequence of the removal of prelamin A transcripts by miR-9, a brain-specific microRNA. We have proposed that miR-9-mediated regulation of prelamin A in the brain could explain the absence of primary neurological disease in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a genetic disease caused by the synthesis of an internally truncated form of farnesyl-prelamin A (progerin). This explanation makes sense, but it is not entirely satisfying because it is unclear whether progerin-even if were expressed in neurons-would be capable of eliciting neuropathology. To address that issue, we created a new Lmna knock-in allele, Lmna(HG-C), which produces progerin transcripts lacking an miR-9 binding site. Mice harboring the Lmna(HG-C) allele produced progerin in neurons, but they had no pathology in the central nervous system. However, these mice invariably developed esophageal achalasia, and the enteric neurons and nerve fibers in gastrointestinal tract were markedly abnormal. The same disorder, achalasia, was observed in genetically modified mice that express full-length farnesyl-prelamin A in neurons (Zmpste24-deficient mice carrying two copies of a Lmna knock-in allele yielding full-length prelamin A transcripts lacking a miR-9 binding site). Our findings indicate that progerin and full-length farnesyl-prelamin A are toxic to neurons of the enteric nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yulia R Bayguinov
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Sung Jin Hwang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | | | - Sean M Ward
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | | | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and
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Exome and Whole Genome Sequencing in Aging and Longevity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 847:127-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2404-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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45
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The amazing ubiquitin-proteasome system: structural components and implication in aging. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 314:171-237. [PMID: 25619718 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Proteome quality control (PQC) is critical for the maintenance of cellular functionality and it is assured by the curating activity of the proteostasis network (PN). PN is constituted of several complex protein machines that under conditions of proteome instability aim to, firstly identify, and then, either rescue or degrade nonnative polypeptides. Central to the PN functionality is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) which is composed from the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and the proteasome; the latter is a sophisticated multi-subunit molecular machine that functions in a bimodal way as it degrades both short-lived ubiquitinated normal proteins and nonfunctional polypeptides. UPS is also involved in PQC of the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria and it also interacts with the other main cellular degradation axis, namely the autophagy-lysosome system. UPS functionality is optimum in the young organism but it is gradually compromised during aging resulting in increasing proteotoxic stress; these effects correlate not only with aging but also with most age-related diseases. Herein, we present a synopsis of the UPS components and of their functional alterations during cellular senescence or in vivo aging. We propose that mild UPS activation in the young organism will, likely, promote antiaging effects and/or suppress age-related diseases.
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Lessel D, Vaz B, Halder S, Lockhart PJ, Marinovic-Terzic I, Lopez-Mosqueda J, Philipp M, Sim JCH, Smith KR, Oehler J, Cabrera E, Freire R, Pope K, Nahid A, Norris F, Leventer RJ, Delatycki MB, Barbi G, von Ameln S, Högel J, Degoricija M, Fertig R, Burkhalter MD, Hofmann K, Thiele H, Altmüller J, Nürnberg G, Nürnberg P, Bahlo M, Martin GM, Aalfs CM, Oshima J, Terzic J, Amor DJ, Dikic I, Ramadan K, Kubisch C. Mutations in SPRTN cause early onset hepatocellular carcinoma, genomic instability and progeroid features. Nat Genet 2014; 46:1239-44. [PMID: 25261934 PMCID: PMC4343211 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Age-related degenerative and malignant diseases represent major challenges for health care systems. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis and age-associated pathologies is thus of growing biomedical relevance. We identified biallelic germline mutations in SPRTN (also called C1orf124 or DVC1) in three patients from two unrelated families. All three patients are affected by a new segmental progeroid syndrome characterized by genomic instability and susceptibility toward early onset hepatocellular carcinoma. SPRTN was recently proposed to have a function in translesional DNA synthesis and the prevention of mutagenesis. Our in vivo and in vitro characterization of identified mutations has uncovered an essential role for SPRTN in the prevention of DNA replication stress during general DNA replication and in replication-related G2/M-checkpoint regulation. In addition to demonstrating the pathogenicity of identified SPRTN mutations, our findings provide a molecular explanation of how SPRTN dysfunction causes accelerated aging and susceptibility toward carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Lessel
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. [2] Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Vaz
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Swagata Halder
- 1] Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [2] Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- 1] Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ivana Marinovic-Terzic
- Department of Immunology and Medical Genetics, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Jaime Lopez-Mosqueda
- 1] Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany. [2] Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joe C H Sim
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine R Smith
- 1] Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judith Oehler
- 1] Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [2] Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Cabrera
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Raimundo Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Kate Pope
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amsha Nahid
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Norris
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Leventer
- 1] Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Neuroscience Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [3] Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin B Delatycki
- 1] Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [3] Clinical Genetics, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gotthold Barbi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon von Ameln
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Högel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Degoricija
- Department of Immunology and Medical Genetics, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Regina Fertig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kay Hofmann
- Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gudrun Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- 1] Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [2] Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [3] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- 1] Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cora M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janos Terzic
- Department of Immunology and Medical Genetics, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - David J Amor
- 1] Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ivan Dikic
- 1] Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany. [2] Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- 1] Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [2] Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Kubisch
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. [2] Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Werner E, Wang H, Doetsch PW. Opposite roles for p38MAPK-driven responses and reactive oxygen species in the persistence and resolution of radiation-induced genomic instability. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108234. [PMID: 25271419 PMCID: PMC4182705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the functional and temporal relationship between cellular phenotypes such as oxidative stress, p38MAPK-dependent responses and genomic instability persisting in the progeny of cells exposed to sparsely ionizing low-Linear Energy Transfer (LET) radiation such as X-rays or high-charge and high-energy (HZE) particle high-LET radiation such as 56Fe ions. We found that exposure to low and high-LET radiation increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels as a threshold-like response induced independently of radiation quality and dose. This response was sustained for two weeks, which is the period of time when genomic instability is evidenced by increased micronucleus formation frequency and DNA damage associated foci. Indicators for another persisting response sharing phenotypes with stress-induced senescence, including beta galactosidase induction, increased nuclear size, p38MAPK activation and IL-8 production, were induced in the absence of cell proliferation arrest during the first, but not the second week following exposure to high-LET radiation. This response was driven by a p38MAPK-dependent mechanism and was affected by radiation quality and dose. This stress response and elevation of ROS affected genomic instability by distinct pathways. Through interference with p38MAPK activity, we show that radiation-induced stress phenotypes promote genomic instability. In contrast, exposure to physiologically relevant doses of hydrogen peroxide or increasing endogenous ROS levels with a catalase inhibitor reduced the level of genomic instability. Our results implicate persistently elevated ROS following exposure to radiation as a factor contributing to genome stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Werner
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PWD); (EW)
| | - Huichen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Paul W. Doetsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PWD); (EW)
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Prelamin A accumulation in endothelial cells induces premature senescence and functional impairment. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:45-52. [PMID: 25200614 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in lamin A maturation result in premature aging syndromes and severe atherosclerosis as observed in the Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. In age-related atherosclerosis, several features of cellular senescence have been characterized in endothelial cells including telomere shortening and increased oxidative stress. However, to date, very little is known about lamin A alterations in these cells. OBJECTIVES To study lamin A-related senescence and its consequences in the activation status of primary endothelial cells. METHODS Healthy primary endothelial cells and progenitors issued from human umbilical vein or cord blood were used. Lamin A defects were induced by protease inhibitor (Atazanavir) treatment for 48 h. RESULTS We show that protease inhibitor treatment leads to the accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A, inducing nuclear shape abnormalities and premature senescence in both differentiated and progenitor endothelial cells. ICAM-1-dependent activation and monocytes adhesion was increased in mature endothelial cells. In parallel, the ability to generate microvascular networks in matrigel was decreased for endothelial progenitors. The effects of protease inhibitor treatment on nuclear shapes were reversed when cells were treated in combination with Pravastatin and Zoledronate in both mature and progenitor endothelial cells. Reversion was also demonstrated with a morpholino antisense-oligonucleotide targeting lamin A-specific splice site. DISCUSSION This study shows that protease inhibitor treatment reproduces premature senescence due to lamin A defects in primary endothelial cells and progenitors after 48 h exposure. The cells used were non-aged as extracted from cord blood or umbilical vein, allowing one to consider that other senescence pathways were not activated and that the observed alterations were specific of prelamin A accumulation. Both mature endothelial cells and precursors were sensitive to prelamin accumulation and thus, could be used in the future as a valuable model to test different approaches aimed at specifically reversing lamin A-related cells senescence.
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Ghosh S, Zhou Z. Genetics of aging, progeria and lamin disorders. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2014; 26:41-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Much of the work on nuclear lamins during the past 15 years has focused on mutations in LMNA (the gene for prelamin A and lamin C) that cause particular muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, partial lipodystrophy, and progeroid syndromes. These disorders, often called "laminopathies," mainly affect mesenchymal tissues (e.g., striated muscle, bone, and fibrous tissue). Recently, however, a series of papers have identified important roles for nuclear lamins in the central nervous system. Studies of knockout mice uncovered a key role for B-type lamins (lamins B1 and B2) in neuronal migration in the developing brain. Also, duplications of LMNB1 (the gene for lamin B1) have been shown to cause autosome-dominant leukodystrophy. Finally, recent studies have uncovered a peculiar pattern of nuclear lamin expression in the brain. Lamin C transcripts are present at high levels in the brain, but prelamin A expression levels are very low-due to regulation of prelamin A transcripts by microRNA 9. This form of prelamin A regulation likely explains why "prelamin A diseases" such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome spare the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize recent progress in elucidating links between nuclear lamins and neurobiology.
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