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Yang Z. The Principle of Cortical Development and Evolution. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01259-2. [PMID: 39023844 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Human's robust cognitive abilities, including creativity and language, are made possible, at least in large part, by evolutionary changes made to the cerebral cortex. This paper reviews the biology and evolution of mammalian cortical radial glial cells (primary neural stem cells) and introduces the concept that a genetically step wise process, based on a core molecular pathway already in use, is the evolutionary process that has molded cortical neurogenesis. The core mechanism, which has been identified in our recent studies, is the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7)-GLI3 repressor form (GLI3R)-sonic hedgehog (SHH) positive feedback loop. Additionally, I propose that the molecular basis for cortical evolutionary dwarfism, exemplified by the lissencephalic mouse which originated from a larger gyrencephalic ancestor, is an increase in SHH signaling in radial glia, that antagonizes ERK-BMP7 signaling. Finally, I propose that: (1) SHH signaling is not a key regulator of primate cortical expansion and folding; (2) human cortical radial glial cells do not generate neocortical interneurons; (3) human-specific genes may not be essential for most cortical expansion. I hope this review assists colleagues in the field, guiding research to address gaps in our understanding of cortical development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Ozono K, Kubota T, Michigami T. Promising horizons in achondroplasia along with the development of new drugs. Endocr J 2024; 71:643-650. [PMID: 38569854 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej24-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Achondroplasia (ACH) is a representative skeletal disorder characterized by rhizomelic shortened limbs and short stature. ACH is classified as belonging to the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) group. The downstream signal transduction of FGFR3 consists of STAT1 and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways. The mutant FGFR3 found in ACH is continuously phosphorylated and activates downstream signals, resulting in abnormal proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the growth plate and cranial base synchondrosis. A patient registry has been developed and has contributed to revealing the natural history of ACH patients. Concerning the short stature, the adult height of ACH patients ranges between 126.7-135.2 cm for men and 119.9-125.5 cm for women in many countries. Along with severe short stature, foramen magnum stenosis and spinal canal stenosis are major complications: the former leads to sleep apnea, breathing disorders, myelopathy, hydrocephalus, and sudden death, and the latter causes pain in the extremities, numbness, muscle weakness, movement disorders, intermittent claudication, and bladder-rectal disorders. Growth hormone treatment is available for ACH only in Japan. However, the effect of the treatment on adult height is not satisfactory. Recently, the neutral endopeptidase-resistant CNP analogue vosoritide has been approved as a new drug for ACH. Additionally in development are a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, a soluble FGFR3, an antibody against FGFR3, meclizine, and the FGF2-aptamer. New drugs will bring a brighter future for patients with ACH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ozono
- Center for Promoting Treatment of Intractable Diseases, Iseikai International General Hospital, Osaka 530-0052, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
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Wright J, Cheung M, Siddiqui A, Lucas J, Calder A, Argyropoulou MI, Arthurs OJ, Caro-Dominguez P, Thompson D, Severino M, D'Arco F. Recommendations for neuroradiological examinations in children living with achondroplasia: a European Society of Pediatric Radiology and European Society of Neuroradiology opinion paper. Pediatr Radiol 2023; 53:2323-2344. [PMID: 37674051 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Children living with achondroplasia are at an increased risk of developing neurological complications, which may be associated with acute and life-altering events. To remediate this risk, the timely acquisition of effective neuroimaging that can help to guide clinical management is essential. We propose imaging protocols and follow-up strategies for evaluating the neuroanatomy of these children and to effectively identify potential neurological complications, including compression at the cervicomedullary junction secondary to foramen magnum stenosis, spinal deformity and spinal canal stenosis. When compiling these recommendations, emphasis has been placed on reducing scan times and avoiding unnecessary radiation exposure. Standardized imaging protocols are important to ensure that clinically useful neuroimaging is performed in children living with achondroplasia and to ensure reproducibility in future clinical trials. The members of the European Society of Pediatric Radiology (ESPR) Neuroradiology Taskforce and European Society of Neuroradiology pediatric subcommittee, together with clinicians and surgeons with specific expertise in achondroplasia, wrote this opinion paper. The research committee of the ESPR also endorsed the final draft. The rationale for these recommendations is based on currently available literature, supplemented by best practice opinion from radiologists and clinicians with subject-specific expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wright
- Department of Radiology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
| | - Moira Cheung
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, UK
| | - Ata Siddiqui
- Department of Neuroradiology, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Lucas
- Paediatric Spinal Surgery, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alistair Calder
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Maria I Argyropoulou
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Imaging, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Owen J Arthurs
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Pablo Caro-Dominguez
- Unidad de Radiologia Pediatrica, Servicio de Radiologia, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Dominic Thompson
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Felice D'Arco
- Department of Neuroradiology, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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4
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Wells LM, Roberts HC, Luyten FP, Roberts SJ. Identifying Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 as a Mediator of Periosteal Osteochondral Differentiation through the Construction of microRNA-Based Interaction Networks. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1381. [PMID: 37997980 PMCID: PMC10669632 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Human periosteum-derived progenitor cells (hPDCs) have the ability to differentiate towards both the chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. This coordinated and complex osteochondrogenic differentiation process permits endochondral ossification and is essential in bone development and repair. We have previously shown that humanised cultures of hPDCs enhance their osteochondrogenic potentials in vitro and in vivo; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aimed to identify novel regulators of hPDC osteochondrogenic differentiation through the construction of miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks derived from hPDCs cultured in human serum or foetal bovine serum as an alternative in silico strategy to serum characterisation. Sixteen differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMis) were identified in the humanised culture. In silico analysis of the DEMis with TargetScan allowed for the identification of 1503 potential miRNA target genes. Upon comparison with a paired RNAseq dataset, a 4.5% overlap was observed (122 genes). A protein-protein interaction network created with STRING interestingly identified FGFR3 as a key network node, which was further predicted using multiple pathway analyses. Functional analysis revealed that hPDCs with the activating mutation FGFR3N540K displayed increased expressions of chondrogenic gene markers when cultured under chondrogenic conditions in vitro and displayed enhanced endochondral bone formation in vivo. A further histological analysis uncovered known downstream mediators involved in FGFR3 signalling and endochondral ossification to be upregulated in hPDC FGFR3N540K-seeded implants. This combinational approach of miRNA-mRNA-protein network analysis with in vitro and in vivo characterisation has permitted the identification of FGFR3 as a novel mediator of hPDC biology. Furthermore, this miRNA-based workflow may also allow for the identification of drug targets, which may be of relevance in instances of delayed fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M. Wells
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
| | - Helen C. Roberts
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK;
| | - Frank P. Luyten
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre (SBE), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Scott J. Roberts
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
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5
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Wu Y, Lan Y, Mao J, Shen J, Kang T, Xie Z. The interaction between the nervous system and the stomatognathic system: from development to diseases. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:34. [PMID: 37580325 PMCID: PMC10425412 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the nerve and stomatognathic systems plays a more important role in organismal health than previously appreciated with the presence of emerging concept of the "brain-oral axis". A deeper understanding of the intricate interaction between the nervous system and the stomatognathic system is warranted, considering their significant developmental homology and anatomical proximity, and the more complex innervation of the jawbone compared to other skeletons. In this review, we provide an in-depth look at studies concerning neurodevelopment, craniofacial development, and congenital anomalies that occur when the two systems develop abnormally. It summarizes the cross-regulation between nerves and jawbones and the effects of various states of the jawbone on intrabony nerve distribution. Diseases closely related to both the nervous system and the stomatognathic system are divided into craniofacial diseases caused by neurological illnesses, and neurological diseases caused by an aberrant stomatognathic system. The two-way relationships between common diseases, such as periodontitis and neurodegenerative disorders, and depression and oral diseases were also discussed. This review provides valuable insights into novel strategies for neuro-skeletal tissue engineering and early prevention and treatment of orofacial and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Lan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Mao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Shen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Kang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhijian Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Loisay L, Komla-Ebri D, Morice A, Heuzé Y, Viaut C, de La Seiglière A, Kaci N, Chan D, Lamouroux A, Baujat G, Bassett JD, Williams GR, Legeai-Mallet L. Hypochondroplasia gain-of-function mutation in FGFR3 causes defective bone mineralization in mice. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168796. [PMID: 37345656 PMCID: PMC10371252 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypochondroplasia (HCH) is a mild dwarfism caused by missense mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), with the majority of cases resulting from a heterozygous p.Asn540Lys gain-of-function mutation. Here, we report the generation and characterization of the first mouse model (Fgfr3Asn534Lys/+) of HCH to our knowledge. Fgfr3Asn534Lys/+ mice exhibited progressive dwarfism and impairment of the synchondroses of the cranial base, resulting in defective formation of the foramen magnum. The appendicular and axial skeletons were both severely affected and we demonstrated an important role of FGFR3 in regulation of cortical and trabecular bone structure. Trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) of long bones and vertebral bodies was decreased, but cortical BMD increased with age in both tibiae and femurs. These results demonstrate that bones in Fgfr3Asn534Lys/+ mice, due to FGFR3 activation, exhibit some characteristics of osteoporosis. The present findings emphasize the detrimental effect of gain-of-function mutations in the Fgfr3 gene on long bone modeling during both developmental and aging processes, with potential implications for the management of elderly patients with hypochondroplasia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Loisay
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Davide Komla-Ebri
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Morice
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Yann Heuzé
- UMR5199 PACEA, CNRS, MC, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Camille Viaut
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Amélie de La Seiglière
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Nabil Kaci
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Audrey Lamouroux
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU Arnaud De Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Genetics, French Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, AP-HP, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - J.H. Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Legeai-Mallet
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
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7
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Morice A, Taverne M, Eché S, Griffon L, Fauroux B, Leboulanger N, Couloigner V, Baujat G, Cormier-Daire V, Picard A, Legeai-Mallet L, Kadlub N, Khonsari RH. Craniofacial growth and function in achondroplasia: a multimodal 3D study on 15 patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:88. [PMID: 37072824 PMCID: PMC10114380 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achondroplasia is the most frequent FGFR3-related chondrodysplasia, leading to rhizomelic dwarfism, craniofacial anomalies, stenosis of the foramen magnum, and sleep apnea. Craniofacial growth and its correlation with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has not been assessed in achondroplasia. In this study, we provide a multimodal analysis of craniofacial growth and anatomo-functional correlations between craniofacial features and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. METHODS A multimodal study was performed based on a paediatric cohort of 15 achondroplasia patients (mean age, 7.8 ± 3.3 years), including clinical and sleep study data, 2D cephalometrics, and 3D geometric morphometry analyses, based on CT-scans (mean age at CT-scan: patients, 4.9 ± 4.9 years; controls, 3.7 ± 4.2 years). RESULTS Craniofacial phenotype was characterized by maxillo-zygomatic retrusion, deep nasal root, and prominent forehead. 2D cephalometric studies showed constant maxillo-mandibular retrusion, with excessive vertical dimensions of the lower third of the face, and modifications of cranial base angles. All patients with available CT-scan had premature fusion of skull base synchondroses. 3D morphometric analyses showed more severe craniofacial phenotypes associated with increasing patient age, predominantly regarding the midface-with increased maxillary retrusion in older patients-and the skull base-with closure of the spheno-occipital angle. At the mandibular level, both the corpus and ramus showed shape modifications with age, with shortened anteroposterior mandibular length, as well as ramus and condylar region lengths. We report a significant correlation between the severity of maxillo-mandibular retrusion and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows more severe craniofacial phenotypes at older ages, with increased maxillomandibular retrusion, and demonstrates a significant anatomo-functional correlation between the severity of midface and mandible craniofacial features and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Morice
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et chirurgie plastique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares MAFACE, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire 'Forme et Croissance du Crâne', Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia. INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
| | - Maxime Taverne
- Laboratoire 'Forme et Croissance du Crâne', Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Eché
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et chirurgie plastique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares MAFACE, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Griffon
- Unité de ventilation non invasive et du sommeil de l'enfant, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM, Paris, EA, France
| | - Brigitte Fauroux
- Unité de ventilation non invasive et du sommeil de l'enfant, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM, Paris, EA, France
| | - Nicolas Leboulanger
- Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Couloigner
- Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia. INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia. INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Picard
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et chirurgie plastique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares MAFACE, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Legeai-Mallet
- Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia. INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Kadlub
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et chirurgie plastique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares MAFACE, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Roman Hossein Khonsari
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et chirurgie plastique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares MAFACE, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire 'Forme et Croissance du Crâne', Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia. INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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Ueharu H, Pan H, Hayano S, Zapien-Guerra K, Yang J, Mishina Y. Augmentation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in cranial neural crest cells in mice deforms skull base due to premature fusion of intersphenoidal synchondrosis. Genesis 2023; 61:e23509. [PMID: 36622051 PMCID: PMC10757424 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) are a diverse group of disorders affecting the shapes of the face and the head. Malformation of the cranial base in humans leads CFAs, such as midfacial hypoplasia and craniosynostosis. These patients have significant burdens associated with breathing, speaking, and chewing. Invasive surgical intervention is the current primary option to correct these structural deficiencies. Understanding molecular cellular mechanism for craniofacial development would provide novel therapeutic options for CFAs. In this study, we found that enhanced bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) (P0-Cre;caBmpr1a mice) causes premature fusion of intersphenoid synchondrosis (ISS) resulting in leading to short snouts and hypertelorism. Histological analyses revealed reduction of proliferation and higher cell death in ISS at postnatal day 3. We demonstrated to prevent the premature fusion of ISS in P0-Cre;caBmpr1a mice by injecting a p53 inhibitor Pifithrin-α to the pregnant mother from E15.5 to E18.5, resulting in rescue from short snouts and hypertelorism. We further demonstrated to prevent premature fusion of cranial sutures in P0-Cre;caBmpr1a mice by injecting Pifithrin-α through E8.5 to E18.5. These results suggested that enhanced BMP-p53-induced cell death in cranial NCCs causes premature fusion of ISS and sutures in time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ueharu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haichun Pan
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Satoru Hayano
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Karen Zapien-Guerra
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Su H, Yang G, Yang HX, Liu MN, Li XD, Chen L, Li Y, Wang DQ, Ma T, Song YL, Li HJ, Du CG, Li XH, Cao GF. Downregulated FGFR3 Expression Inhibits In Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Mice with TBXT Gene Mutation. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 174:578-584. [PMID: 36913092 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) inhibitor BGJ-398 on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSC) into osteoblasts in wild type (wt) mice and in animals with mutation in TBXT gene (mt) and possible differences in the pluripotency of these cells. Cytology tests showed that the cultured BM MSC could differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. The effect of different BGJ-398 concentrations on the expression of FGFR3, RUNX2, SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD5, SMAD6, SMAD7, and SMAD8 were studied by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The expression of RUNX2 protein was evaluated by Western blotting. BM MSC of mt and wt mice did not differ in pluripotency and expressed the same membrane marker antigens. BGJ-398 inhibitor reduced the expression of FGFR3 and RUNX2. In BM MSC from mt and wt mice have similar gene expression (and its changing) in FGFR3, RUNX2, SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD5, SMAD6, SMAD7, and SMAD8 genes. Thus, our experiments confirmed the effect of decreased expression of FGFR3 on osteogenic differentiation of BM MSC from wt and mt mice. However, BM MSC from mt and wt mice did not differ in pluripotency and are an adequate model for laboratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - G Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - H X Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - M N Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - X D Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - L Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - D Q Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - T Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - Y L Song
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - H J Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - C G Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - X H Li
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - G F Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China.
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10
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Zhou Z, Zhong J, Zhang J, Yang J, Leng X, Yao B, Wang X, Dong H. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insight into the molecular targets and signaling pathways of deer TGF-1 regulating chondrocytes proliferation and differentiation. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3155-3166. [PMID: 36696024 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondrocytes are the only cell components in the cartilage, which has the poor regeneration ability. Thus, repairing damaged cartilage remains a huge challenge. Sika deer antlers are mainly composed of cartilaginous tissues that have an astonishing capacity for repair and renewal. Our previous study has demonstrated the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) is considered to be a key molecule involved in rapid growth, with the strongest expression in the cartilage layer. However, it remains to be clarified whether deer TGF-β1 has significantly different function from other species such as mouse, and what is the molecular mechanism of regulating cartilage growth. METHODS Primary chondrocytes was collected from new born mouse rib cartilage. The effect of TGF-β1 on primary chondrocytes viability was elucidated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology combined with validation methods such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Differential expression genes were identified using the DEGseq package. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the overexpression of deer TGF-β1 possibly promoted chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, while simultaneously suppressing chondrocyte differentiation through regulating transcription factors, growth factors, ECM related genes, proliferation and differentiation marker genes, such as Comp, Fgfr3, Atf4, Stat1 etc., and signaling pathways such as the MAPK signaling pathway, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels etc. In addition, by comparing the amino acid sequence and structures between the deer TGF-β1 and mouse TGF-β1, we found that deer TGF-β1 and mouse TGF-β1 proteins are mainly structurally different in arm domains, which is the main functional domain. Phenotypic identification results showed that deer TGF-β1 may has stronger function than mouse TGF-β1. CONCLUSION These results suggested that deer TGF-β1 has the ability to promote chondrogenesis by regulating chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and ECM synthesis. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of deer TGF-β1 on chondrocyte viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Zhou
- Northeast Asia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Jinghong Zhong
- Northeast Asia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- Northeast Asia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of traditional Chinese medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- Northeast Asia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Baojin Yao
- Northeast Asia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Xukai Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China.
| | - Haisi Dong
- Northeast Asia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China.
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11
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Genetic Interference of FGFR3 Impedes Invasion of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Cells by Alleviating RAS/MAPK Signal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021776. [PMID: 36675289 PMCID: PMC9863353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) is a less common disease in Western countries but has a high level of prevalence in Asian populations. Compared to bladder cancer, unique etiologic and genomic factors are involved in UTUC. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) up-regulation has been proposed as a promising target for bladder cancer therapy. In this study, we aimed to profile the expression of FGFR3 in Asian and Caucasian UTUC tissues and to evaluate the in vitro therapeutic efficacy of small interference RNA (siRNA)-mediated FGFR3 silencing in UTUC treatment. The FGFR3 expression levels in renal pelvis tissues and microarray sections from Asian and Caucasian patients with UTUC, respectively, were measured via immunohistochemistry. The BFTC-909 and UM-UC-14 UTUC cell lines were used to examine the effects of FGFR3 silencing on proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression, and signaling machinery. FGFR3 expression increased as the TNM stage increased in both Asian and Caucasian UTUC tumors, and no statistical difference was identified between the two groups. In vitro studies demonstrated that FGFR3 siRNA delivery significantly inhibited proliferation and migration and suppressed the expression of EMT markers and transcription factors in UTUC cells. Mechanistically, FGFR3 silencing alleviated the constitutive expression of RAS and the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling mediators, including ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. FGFR3 silencing elicited an apoptosis-inducing effect similar to that of FGFR inhibition. Conclusion: siRNA-targeted FGFR3 expression may impede the expansion and invasion of UTUC cells by alleviating the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway. The genetic interference of FGFR3 expression via siRNA in UTUC cells may constitute a useful therapeutic strategy.
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12
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Cheung MS, Mohnike K. Meeting Report from 2nd ICCBH-ERN BOND Spinal Complications in Children and Adults with Achondroplasia Workshop, Dublin, Ireland, 2nd July 2022. Bone 2022; 165:116574. [PMID: 36183981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A pre-meeting workshop on spinal complications in children and adults with achondroplasia was held in Dublin, Ireland at the 10th International Conference on Children's Bone Health (ICCBH) 2-5 July 2022. The pathophysiology, natural history and medical/surgical management of thoraco-lumbar kyphosis and spinal stenosis remains poorly described in the literature. The structure of the workshop consisted of lectures, a debate and an interactive round table discussion. In total over 100 delegates affiliated to over 70 institutions from 20 countries were in attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira S Cheung
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Klaus Mohnike
- University of Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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13
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Kato D, Matsushita M, Takegami Y, Mishima K, Kamiya N, Osawa Y, Imagama S, Kitoh H. Gain-of-Function of FGFR3 Accelerates Bone Repair Following Ischemic Osteonecrosis in Juvenile Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:622-633. [PMID: 36069912 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone collapse, bone deformity, and a long treatment period are major clinical problems associated with juvenile ischemic osteonecrosis (JIO). Accelerating the process of bone repair in JIO is expected to shorten the treatment duration and better maintain morphology. We previously indicated that both bone formation and resorption were accelerated following distraction osteogenesis-mediated limb lengthening in genetically engineered mutant mice with a gain-of-function mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene (i.e., Fgfr3 mice). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of FGFR3 in the bone repair process following surgically induced ischemic osteonecrosis in the mutant mice. Epiphyseal deformity was less in the Fgfr3 mice compared to the wild-type mice at 6 weeks following ischemic osteonecrosis in skeletally immature age. Assessment of the morphology by micro-computed tomography (CT) revealed that the trabecular bone volume was increased in the Fgfr3 mice. Dynamic bone histomorphometry revealed increased rates of bone formation and mineral apposition in the Fgfr3 mice at 4 weeks post-surgery. The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells rapidly increased, and the numbers of TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells rapidly decreased in the Fgfr3 mice. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was increased at the earlier phase post-surgery in the Fgfr3 mice. The activation of FGFR3 signaling shortens the time needed for bone repair after ischemic osteonecrosis by accelerating revascularization, bone resorption, and new bone formation. Our findings are clinically relevant as a new potential strategy for the treatment of JIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisaku Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Takegami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mishima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Department of Sports Medicine, Tenri University, 80 Tainosho-cho, Tenri, 632-0071, Japan
| | - Yusuke Osawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, 7-426 Morioka-cho, Obu, 474-8710, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive Pediatric Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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14
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Hallett SA, Ono W, Franceschi RT, Ono N. Cranial Base Synchondrosis: Chondrocytes at the Hub. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7817. [PMID: 35887171 PMCID: PMC9317907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cranial base is formed by endochondral ossification and functions as a driver of anteroposterior cranial elongation and overall craniofacial growth. The cranial base contains the synchondroses that are composed of opposite-facing layers of resting, proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes with unique developmental origins, both in the neural crest and mesoderm. In humans, premature ossification of the synchondroses causes midfacial hypoplasia, which commonly presents in patients with syndromic craniosynostoses and skeletal Class III malocclusion. Major signaling pathways and transcription factors that regulate the long bone growth plate-PTHrP-Ihh, FGF, Wnt, BMP signaling and Runx2-are also involved in the cranial base synchondrosis. Here, we provide an updated overview of the cranial base synchondrosis and the cell population within, as well as its molecular regulation, and further discuss future research opportunities to understand the unique function of this craniofacial skeletal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A. Hallett
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.H.); (R.T.F.)
| | - Wanida Ono
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Renny T. Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (S.A.H.); (R.T.F.)
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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15
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Calandrelli R, Pilato F, Massimi L, Onesimo R, D'Apolito G, Tenore L, Leoni C, Zampino G, Colosimo C. Thoracolumbar stenosis and neurologic symptoms: Quantitative MRI in achondroplasia. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:884-893. [PMID: 35691933 PMCID: PMC9545383 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Whole‐spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, to identify structural abnormalities associated with the development of symptomatic spinal stenosis in achondroplasia. Methods Forty‐two subjects with achondroplasia were grouped into four age‐related categories. Congenital spinal deformities (vertebral body and disc height, interpedicular distance), acquired spinal degenerative changes, thoracic kyphotic (TK) angle, thoracolumbar kyphotic (TLK) angle, spinal canal widths were evaluated by MRI. Results Patients in the first three groups were asymptomatic and younger (group 1: 4.4 ± 0.78 years; group 2: 8.18 ± 0.60 years; group 3: 10.95 ± 0.93 years) than the symptomatic group (group 4: 23 ± 1.30 years). Patients showed height of vertebral bodies, whole canal width, and average lumbar interpedicular distance reduced. Discs degeneration was more pronounced in the lumbar region and in symptomatic adult patients. TK and TLK angles showed a positive correlation with age (p < .05, r = .42; p < .05, r = .41), whereas thoracic and thoracolumbar canal width had a negative correlation (p < .05, r = −.69; p < .05, r = −.58). A negative correlation between lumbar discs degeneration and canal width was found only at L1‐L3 level (p < .05, r = −.35). At L1‐L3, the canal width cutoff value of .59 allowed the differentiation between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients (area under the curve of .966, p < .0001). Conclusion In achondroplasia, the spinal canal narrowing, due to accelerated degenerative changes, is a predisposing factor of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis. Lumbar canal MRI is a helpful tool to detect the risk of the development of neurological symptoms; in adult patients, a stenosis higher than 60% of upper lumbar canal could be a critical value for the onset of neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Calandrelli
- Institute of Radiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pilato
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Massimi
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Apolito
- Institute of Radiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tenore
- Institute of Radiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Colosimo
- Institute of Radiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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16
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Investigating Type B Basilar Invagination through cephalic indices. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:e1262-e1268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Cabet S, Szathmari A, Mottolese C, Franco P, Guibaud L, Rossi M, Di Rocco F. New insights in craniovertebral junction MR changes leading to stenosis in children with achondroplasia. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:1137-1145. [PMID: 35505148 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize natural history and early changes of craniovertebral junction stenosis in achondroplasia correlating with clinical and radiological outcome. METHODS Retrospective measures on craniovertebral junction were performed blindly, on sagittal T2-weighted images, in 21 patients with achondroplasia referred from 2008 to 2020. Clinical and polysomnography data were retrospectively collected. Each patient was paired for age and gender with four controls. Wilcoxon means comparison or Student's t-tests were applied. RESULTS Twenty-one patients (11 females, from 0.1 to 39 years of age) were analyzed and paired with 84 controls. A craniovertebral junction stenosis was found in 11/21 patients (52.4%), all before the age of 2 years. Despite a significant reduction of the foramen magnum diameter (mean ± SD: patients 13.6 ± 6.2 mm, controls 28.5 ± 4.7 mm, p < .001), craniovertebral junction stenosis resulted from the narrowing of C2 dens-opisthion antero-posterior diameter (8.7 ± 3.9 mm vs 24.6 ± 5.1 mm, p < .001). Other significant changes were opisthion anterior placement (-0.4 ± 2.8 mm vs 9.4 ± 2.3 mm, p < .001), posterior tilt of C2 (46.2 ± 13.7° vs 31.6 ± 7.9°, p < .001) and of C1 (15.1 ± 4.3° vs 11.9 ± 5.0°, p = 0.01), and dens thickening (9.4 ± 2.2 mm vs 8.5 ± 2.1 mm, p = 0.03), allowing to define three distinguishable early craniovertebral junction patterns in achondroplasia. All children with C2-opisthion antero-posterior diameter of more than 6 mm had a better clinical and radiological outcome. CONCLUSION Craniovertebral junction in achondroplasia results from narrowing between C2 dens and opisthion related to anterior placement of opisthion, thickening of C2 dens, and posterior tilt of C1-C2. A threshold of 6 mm for dens-opisthion sagittal diameter seems to correlate with clinical and radiological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cabet
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de LyonBron, France.,Department of Genetics, National Referral Center for Developmental Abnormalities and Competence Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS, GENDEV Team, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Hospices Civils de LyonBron, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandru Szathmari
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Referral Center for Craniosynostosis and Craniofacial Malformations, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Carmine Mottolese
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Referral Center for Craniosynostosis and Craniofacial Malformations, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Patricia Franco
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, INSERM U1028, CNRL, Waking Team, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
| | - Laurent Guibaud
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de LyonBron, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Department of Genetics, National Referral Center for Developmental Abnormalities and Competence Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS, GENDEV Team, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Hospices Civils de LyonBron, France
| | - Federico Di Rocco
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France. .,Department of Neurosurgery, National Referral Center for Craniosynostosis and Craniofacial Malformations, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France.
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18
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Takemoto G, Matsushita M, Okamoto T, Ito T, Matsuura Y, Takashima C, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Ebi H, Imagama S, Kitoh H, Ohno K, Hosono Y. Meclozine Attenuates the MARK Pathway in Mammalian Chondrocytes and Ameliorates FGF2-Induced Bone Hyperossification in Larval Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:694018. [PMID: 35118060 PMCID: PMC8804316 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.694018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meclozine has been developed as an inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) to treat achondroplasia (ACH). Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was attenuated by meclozine in FGF2-treated chondrocyte cell line, but the site of its action has not been elucidated. Although orally administered meclozine promoted longitudinal bone growth in a mouse model of ACH, its effect on craniofacial bone development during the early stage remains unknown. Herein, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed using murine chondrocytes from FGF2-treated cultured tibiae, which was significantly elongated by meclozine treatment. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that FGF2 significantly increased the enrichment score of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family signaling cascades in chondrocytes; however, meclozine reduced this enrichment. Next, we administered meclozine to FGF2-treated larval zebrafish from 8 h post-fertilization (hpf). We observed that FGF2 significantly increased the number of ossified vertebrae in larval zebrafish at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf), while meclozine delayed vertebral ossification in FGF2-induced zebrafish. Meclozine also reversed the FGF2-induced upregulation of ossified craniofacial bone area, including ceratohyal, hyomandibular, and quadrate. The current study provided additional evidence regarding the inhibitory effect of meclozine on the FGF2-induced upregulation of MAPK signaling in chondrocytes and FGF2-induced development of craniofacial and vertebral bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Takemoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masaki Matsushita, ; Yasuyuki Hosono,
| | - Takaaki Okamoto
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshinari Ito
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuura
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chieko Takashima
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Hiromichi Ebi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive Pediatric Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hosono
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masaki Matsushita, ; Yasuyuki Hosono,
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19
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Rignol G, Garcia S, Authier F, Smith K, Tosello L, Marsault R, Dellugat P, Goncalves D, Brouillard M, Stavenhagen J, Santarelli L, Czech C, Gouze E. Longitudinal Imaging of the Skull Base Synchondroses Demonstrate Prevention of a Premature Ossification After Recifercept Treatment in Mouse Model of Achondroplasia. JBMR Plus 2021; 6:e10568. [PMID: 35229060 PMCID: PMC8861980 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guylene Rignol
- Rare Disease Unit Pfizer, Research and Development Nice France
| | | | | | - Kaamula Smith
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV Nice France
| | | | | | - Pierre Dellugat
- Rare Disease Unit Pfizer, Research and Development Nice France
| | - Diogo Goncalves
- Rare Disease Unit Pfizer, Research and Development Nice France
| | | | | | | | - Christian Czech
- Rare Disease Unit Pfizer, Research and Development Nice France
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20
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den Ottelander BK, Dremmen MHG, de Planque CA, van der Oest MJW, Mathijssen IMJ, van Veelen MLC. Does the association between abnormal anatomy of the skull base and cerebellar tonsillar position also exist in syndromic craniosynostosis? J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 75:797-805. [PMID: 34799294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerebellar tonsillar herniation (TH) occurs frequently in syndromic craniosynostosis; however, the exact pathogenesis is unknown. This study evaluates the association between skull base deformities and TH in syndromic craniosynostosis. METHODS Retrospective study MRI study comparing syndromic craniosynostosis to controls. Measured parameters included clivus length, skull base angle, Boogard's angle, foramen magnum area, and cerebellar tonsillar position (TP). The association between skull base parameters and TP was evaluated with linear mixed models, correcting for age and risk factors for TH in craniosynostosis (hydrocephalus, intracranial hypertension, craniocerebral disproportion, and lambdoid synostosis). RESULTS Two hundred and eighty-two scans in 145 patients were included, and 146 scans in 146 controls. The clivus was smaller at birth, and its growth was retarded in all syndromes. The skull base angle was smaller at birth in Apert and Crouzon syndromes, and the evolution through time was normal. Boogard's angle was smaller at birth in Apert syndrome, and its evolution was disturbed in Apert and Saethre-Chotzen syndromes. The foramen magnum was smaller at birth in Crouzon and Saethre-Chotzen syndromes, and its growth was disturbed in Apert, Crouzon, and Saethre-Chotzen syndromes. TP was higher at birth in Apert syndrome, but lowered faster. In Crouzon syndrome, TP was lower at birth and throughout life. A smaller clivus and larger foramen magnum were associated with a lower TP in controls (p<0.001, p=0.007), and in Crouzon syndrome, this applied to only foramen magnum size (p=0.004). CONCLUSION The skull base and its growth are significantly different in syndromic craniosynostosis compared to controls. However, only foramen magnum area is associated with TP in Crouzon syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca K den Ottelander
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dutch Craniofacial Center, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Room EE-1591, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein H G Dremmen
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dutch Craniofacial Center, Department of Radiology, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine A de Planque
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dutch Craniofacial Center, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Room EE-1591, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark J W van der Oest
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dutch Craniofacial Center, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Room EE-1591, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irene M J Mathijssen
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dutch Craniofacial Center, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Room EE-1591, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Lise C van Veelen
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dutch Craniofacial Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Room SK-1204, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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Legare JM, Liu C, Pauli RM, Alade AY, Hashmi SS, Campbell JW, Smid CJ, Modaff P, Little ME, Rodriguez-Buritica DF, Serna ME, Hecht JT, Hoover-Fong JE, Bober MB. Achondroplasia Natural History Study (CLARITY): 60-year experience in cervicomedullary decompression in achondroplasia from four skeletal dysplasia centers. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2021; 28:229-235. [PMID: 34087800 DOI: 10.3171/2020.12.peds20715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors sought to determine the overall incidence of cervicomedullary decompression (CMD) in patients with achondroplasia and the characteristics associated with those surgeries across multiple institutions with experience caring for individuals with skeletal dysplasias. METHODS Data from CLARITY (Achondroplasia Natural History Study) for 1374 patients with achondroplasia from four skeletal dysplasia centers (A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Johns Hopkins University, University of Texas Health, and University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health) followed from 1957 to 2017 were recorded in a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database. Data collected and analyzed included surgeries, indications, complications, ages at time of procedures, screening procedures, and medical diagnoses. RESULTS There were 314 CMD procedures in 281 patients (20.5% of the entire cohort). The median age of first CMD was 1.3 years in males and 1.1 years in females. Over time, there was a decrease in the median age of patients at first CMD. All patients born before 1980 who underwent CMD had the procedure after 5 years of age, whereas 98% of patients born after 2010 underwent CMD before 5 years of age. In addition, a greater proportion of patients born in more recent decades had documented neuroimaging and polysomnography (PSG) prior to CMD. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) were placed more frequently in patients undergoing CMD (23%) than in the entire cohort (8%). Patients who required either CMD or VPS were 7 times more likely to require both surgeries than patients who required neither surgery (OR 7.0, 95% CI 4.66-10.53; p < 0.0001). Overall, 10.3% of patients who underwent CMD required a subsequent CMD. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CMD in this large achondroplasia cohort was 20%, with more recently treated patients undergoing first CMD at younger ages than earlier patients. The use of neuroimaging and PSG screening modalities increased over time, suggesting that increased and better surveillance contributed to earlier identification and intervention in patients with cervicomedullary stenosis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Legare
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Chengxin Liu
- 2Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, and
| | - Richard M Pauli
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - S Shahrukh Hashmi
- 4McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey W Campbell
- 5A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, Delaware; and
| | - Cory J Smid
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- 6Children's Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Peggy Modaff
- 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mary Ellen Little
- 5A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, Delaware; and
| | | | - Maria Elena Serna
- 4McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaqueline T Hecht
- 4McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Julie E Hoover-Fong
- 2Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, and
| | - Michael B Bober
- 5A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, Delaware; and
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22
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Wrobel W, Pach E, Ben-Skowronek I. Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Treatment Methods in Achondroplasia: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115573. [PMID: 34070375 PMCID: PMC8197470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Achondroplasia (ACH) is a disease caused by a missense mutation in the FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) gene, which is the most common cause of short stature in humans. The treatment of ACH is necessary and urgent because untreated achondroplasia has many complications, both orthopedic and neurological, which ultimately lead to disability. This review presents the current and potential pharmacological treatments for achondroplasia, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of all the drugs that have been demonstrated in human and animal studies in different stages of clinical trials. The article includes the potential impacts of drugs on achondroplasia symptoms other than short stature, including their effects on spinal canal stenosis, the narrowing of the foramen magnum and the proportionality of body structure. Addressing these effects could significantly improve the quality of life of patients, possibly reducing the frequency and necessity of hospitalization and painful surgical procedures, which are currently the only therapeutic options used. The criteria for a good drug for achondroplasia are best met by recombinant human growth hormone at present and will potentially be met by vosoritide in the future, while the rest of the drugs are in the early stages of clinical trials.
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23
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Biosse Duplan M, Dambroise E, Estibals V, Veziers J, Guicheux J, Legeai-Mallet L. An Fgfr3-activating mutation in immature murine osteoblasts affects the appendicular and craniofacial skeleton. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048272. [PMID: 33737326 PMCID: PMC8084574 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Achondroplasia (ACH), the most common form of dwarfism, is caused by a missense mutation in the gene coding for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). The resulting increase in FGFR3 signaling perturbs the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes (CCs), alters the process of endochondral ossification and thus reduces bone elongation. Increased FGFR3 signaling in osteoblasts (OBs) might also contribute to bone anomalies in ACH. In the present study of a mouse model of ACH, we sought to determine whether FGFR3 overactivation in OBs leads to bone modifications. The model carries an Fgfr3-activating mutation (Fgfr3Y367C/+) that accurately mimics ACH; we targeted the mutation to either immature OBs and hypertrophic CCs or to mature OBs by using the Osx-cre and collagen 1α1 (2.3 kb Col1a1)-cre mouse strains, respectively. We observed that Fgfr3 activation in immature OBs and hypertrophic CCs (Osx-Fgfr3) not only perturbed the hypertrophic cells of the growth plate (thus affecting long bone growth) but also led to osteopenia and low cortical thickness in long bones in adult (3-month-old) mice but not growing (3-week-old) mice. Importantly, craniofacial membranous bone defects were present in the adult mice. In contrast, activation of Fgfr3 in mature OBs (Col1-Fgfr3) had very limited effects on skeletal shape, size and micro-architecture. In vitro, we observed that Fgfr3 activation in immature OBs was associated with low mineralization activity. In conclusion, immature OBs appear to be affected by Fgfr3 overactivation, which might contribute to the bone modifications observed in ACH independently of CCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Biosse Duplan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
- Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- Service de Médecine Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, AP-HP, Paris 75018, France
| | - Emilie Dambroise
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
- Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
| | - Valentin Estibals
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
- Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
| | - Joelle Veziers
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS – Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France
- SC3M, SFR Santé F. Bonamy, FED 4203, UMS Inserm 016, CNRS 3556, Nantes F-44042, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Jérome Guicheux
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS – Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France
- SC3M, SFR Santé F. Bonamy, FED 4203, UMS Inserm 016, CNRS 3556, Nantes F-44042, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Laurence Legeai-Mallet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
- Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
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24
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Molecular Genetic Studies of Intraoperative Ligamentum Flavum Bioptates of Patients with Spinal Canal Stenosis. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2020-5.6.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Savarirayan R, Irving M, Maixner W, Thompson D, Offiah AC, Connolly DJA, Raghavan A, Powell J, Kronhardt M, Jeha G, Ghani S, Fisheleva E, Day JRS. Rationale, design, and methods of a randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial with open-label extension to investigate the safety of vosoritide in infants, and young children with achondroplasia at risk of requiring cervicomedullary decompression surgery. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211003782. [PMID: 33761804 PMCID: PMC10395166 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211003782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Achondroplasia causes narrowing of the foramen magnum and the spinal canal leading to increased mortality due to cervicomedullary compression in infants and significant morbidity due to spinal stenosis later in adulthood. Vosoritide is a C-natriuretic peptide analogue that has been shown to improve endochondral ossification in children with achondroplasia. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the safety of vosoritide and whether vosoritide can improve the growth of the foramen magnum and spinal canal in children that may require decompression surgery. An Achondroplasia Foramen Magnum Score will be used to identify infants at risk of requiring decompression surgery. This is a 2-year open label randomized controlled trial of vosoritide in infants with achondroplasia ages 0 to ≤12 months. Approximately 20 infants will be randomized 1:1 to either open label once daily subcutaneous vosoritide combined with standard of care or standard of care alone. The primary and secondary aims of the study are to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vosoritide in children with cervicomedullary compression at risk of requiring decompression surgery. The trial will be carried out in specialized skeletal dysplasia treatment centers with well established multidisciplinary care pathways and standardized approaches to the neurosurgical management of cervicomedually compression. After 2 years, infants randomized to standard of care alone will be eligible to switch to vosoritide plus standard of care for an additional 3 years. This pioneering trial hopes to address the important question as to whether treatment with vosoritide at an early age in infants at risk of requiring cervicomedullary decompression surgery is safe, and can improve growth at the foramen magnum and spinal canal alleviating stenosis. This in turn may reduce compression of surrounding structures including the neuraxis and spinal cord, which could alleviate future morbidity and mortality.Trial registrations: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04554940; EudraCT number, 2020-001055-40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Savarirayan
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melita Irving
- Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Wirginia Maixner
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dominic Thompson
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London UK
| | - Amaka C Offiah
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel JA Connolly
- Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ashok Raghavan
- Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - George Jeha
- BioMarin Pharmaceuticals Inc., Novato, CA, USA
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26
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Morice A, Cornette R, Giudice A, Collet C, Paternoster G, Arnaud É, Galliani E, Picard A, Legeai-Mallet L, Khonsari RH. Early mandibular morphological differences in patients with FGFR2 and FGFR3-related syndromic craniosynostoses: A 3D comparative study. Bone 2020; 141:115600. [PMID: 32822871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Syndromic craniosynostoses are defined by the premature fusion of one or more cranial and facial sutures, leading to skull vault deformation, and midfacial retrusion. More recently, mandibular shape modifications have been described in FGFR-related craniosynostoses, which represent almost 75% of the syndromic craniosynostoses. Here, further characterisation of the mandibular phenotype in FGFR-related craniosynostoses is provided in order to confirm mandibular shape modifications, as this could contribute to a better understanding of the involvement of the FGFR pathway in craniofacial development. The aim of our study was to analyse early mandibular morphology in a cohort of patients with FGFR2- (Crouzon and Apert) and FGFR3- (Muenke and Crouzonodermoskeletal) related syndromic craniosynostoses. We used a comparative geometric morphometric approach based on 3D imaging. Thirty-one anatomical landmarks and eleven curves with sliding semi-landmarks were defined to model the shape of the mandible. In total, 40 patients (12 with Crouzon, 12 with Apert, 12 with Muenke and 4 with Crouzonodermoskeletal syndromes) and 40 age and sex-matched controls were included (mean age: 13.7 months ±11.9). Mandibular shape differed significantly between controls and each patient group based on geometric morphometrics. Mandibular shape in FGFR2-craniosynostoses was characterized by open gonial angle, short ramus height, and high and prominent symphysis. Short ramus height appeared more pronounced in Apert than in Crouzon syndrome. Additionally, narrow inter-condylar and inter-gonial distances were observed in Crouzon syndrome. Mandibular shape in FGFR3-craniosynostoses was characterized by high and prominent symphysis and narrow inter-gonial distance. In addition, narrow condylar processes affected patients with Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome. Statistical analysis of variance showed significant clustering of Apert and Crouzon, Crouzon and Muenke, and Apert and Muenke patients (p < 0.05). Our results confirm distinct mandibular shapes at early ages in FGFR2- (Crouzon and Apert syndromes) and FGFR3-related syndromic craniosynostoses (Muenke and Crouzonodermoskeletal syndromes) and reinforce the hypothesis of genotype-phenotype correspondence concerning mandibular morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morice
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares MAFACE Fentes et Malformations Faciales, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratoire 'Bases Moléculaires et Physiopathologiques des Ostéochondrodysplasies', INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
| | - R Cornette
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Université des Antilles, CNRS, CP 50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Giudice
- Università Degli Studi di Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - C Collet
- BIOSCAR, INSERM U1132, Université de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France; Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU-Paris-GH Saint Louis Lariboisière Widal, Paris, France
| | - G Paternoster
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CRANIOST Craniosténoses et Malformations Craniofaciales, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - É Arnaud
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CRANIOST Craniosténoses et Malformations Craniofaciales, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - E Galliani
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares MAFACE Fentes et Malformations Faciales, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Picard
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares MAFACE Fentes et Malformations Faciales, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - L Legeai-Mallet
- Laboratoire 'Bases Moléculaires et Physiopathologiques des Ostéochondrodysplasies', INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - R H Khonsari
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares MAFACE Fentes et Malformations Faciales, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratoire 'Bases Moléculaires et Physiopathologiques des Ostéochondrodysplasies', INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CRANIOST Craniosténoses et Malformations Craniofaciales, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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27
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Smid CJ, Legare JM, Modaff P, Pauli RM. Craniocervical junction issues after infancy in achondroplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:182-189. [PMID: 33103849 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
More information is available concerning risks of craniocervical junction issues in infancy than at later ages. Therefore, we elected to quantify the risks at greater than 1 year of age through a retrospective analysis of 477 individuals with achondroplasia using a REDCap database. Evaluation of these 477 individuals revealed 77 (16.1%) who had pathologic neurologic manifestations after 1 year of age related to the craniocervical junction. Within this subpopulation of 77 individuals, 43 (55.8%) underwent craniocervical decompression surgery, or 9.0% of the total population. Whether decompressed or not, most individuals with craniocervical junction issues after infancy had a normal outcome, without long-term neurological sequelae (57/77, 74.0%). The remaining 20 had various long-term neurological issues. This is the first cohort based estimate of risks related to the upper cervical spine in individuals with achondroplasia specifically beyond infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory J Smid
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,The Midwest Regional Bone Dysplasia Clinic, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Janet M Legare
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Children's Wisconsin & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peggy Modaff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Children's Wisconsin & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard M Pauli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Children's Wisconsin & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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28
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Hanley PC, Kanwar HS, Martineau C, Levine MA. Short Stature is Progressive in Patients with Heterozygous NPR2 Mutations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5877389. [PMID: 32720985 PMCID: PMC7442278 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NPR2 encodes atrial natriuretic peptide receptor B (ANPRB), a regulator of skeletal growth. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in NPR2 result in acromesomelic dysplasia Maroteaux type (AMDM; OMIM 602875), while heterozygous mutations may account for 2% to 6% of idiopathic short stature (ISS). OBJECTIVE Describe the physical proportions and growth characteristics of an extended family with novel NPR2 mutations including members with AMDM, ISS, or normal stature. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS We performed whole exome sequencing in 2 healthy parents and 2 children with AMDM. Detailed genotyping and phenotyping were performed on members of a multigenerational family in an academic medical center. We expressed mutant proteins in mammalian cells and characterized expression and function. RESULTS The sisters with AMDM were compound heterozygotes for missense mutations in the NPR2 gene, a novel p.P93S (maternal) and the previously reported p.R989L (paternal). Both mutant ANPRB proteins were normally expressed in HEK293T cells and exhibited dominant negative effects on wild-type ANPRB catalytic activity. Heterozygous relatives had proportionate short stature (height z-scores -2.06 ± 0.97, median ± SD) compared with their wild-type siblings (-1.37 ± 0.59). Height z-scores progressively and significantly decreased as NPR2-heterozygous children matured, while remaining constant in their wild-type siblings. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic NPR2 mutations cause severe skeletal dysplasia (AMDM), whereas heterozygous mutations lead to a subtler phenotype characterized by progressive short stature with by increasing loss of height potential with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Hanley
- Division of Endocrinology, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Patrick C. Hanley, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Nemours Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, DE 19803. E-mail:
| | - Harsh S Kanwar
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Center for Bone Health, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Corine Martineau
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Center for Bone Health, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael A Levine
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Center for Bone Health, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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29
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Xie Y, Su N, Yang J, Tan Q, Huang S, Jin M, Ni Z, Zhang B, Zhang D, Luo F, Chen H, Sun X, Feng JQ, Qi H, Chen L. FGF/FGFR signaling in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:181. [PMID: 32879300 PMCID: PMC7468161 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences suggest that the fibroblast growth factor/FGF receptor (FGF/FGFR) signaling has crucial roles in a multitude of processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis by regulating cellular lineage commitment, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of various types of cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of FGF signaling and its roles in organ development, injury repair, and the pathophysiology of spectrum of diseases, which is a consequence of FGF signaling dysregulation, including cancers and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this context, the agonists and antagonists for FGF-FGFRs might have therapeutic benefits in multiple systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianding Sun
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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30
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Dambroise E, Ktorza I, Brombin A, Abdessalem G, Edouard J, Luka M, Fiedler I, Binder O, Pelle O, Patton EE, Busse B, Menager M, Sohm F, Legeai-Mallet L. Fgfr3 Is a Positive Regulator of Osteoblast Expansion and Differentiation During Zebrafish Skull Vault Development. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1782-1797. [PMID: 32379366 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gain or loss-of-function mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) result in cranial vault defects highlighting the protein's role in membranous ossification. Zebrafish express high levels of fgfr3 during skull development; in order to study FGFR3's role in cranial vault development, we generated the first fgfr3 loss-of-function zebrafish (fgfr3lof/lof ). The mutant fish exhibited major changes in the craniofacial skeleton, with a lack of sutures, abnormal frontal and parietal bones, and the presence of ectopic bones. Integrated analyses (in vivo imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing of the osteoblast lineage) of zebrafish fgfr3lof/lof revealed a delay in osteoblast expansion and differentiation, together with changes in the extracellular matrix. These findings demonstrate that fgfr3 is a positive regulator of osteogenesis. We conclude that changes in the extracellular matrix within growing bone might impair cell-cell communication, mineralization, and new osteoblast recruitment. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dambroise
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Ktorza
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Brombin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ghaith Abdessalem
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Joanne Edouard
- UMS AMAGEN, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)-CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Imke Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Binder
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Pelle
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mickaël Menager
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Sohm
- UMS AMAGEN, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)-CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France.,Functional Genomics Institute of Lyon, University of Lyon, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Legeai-Mallet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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31
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Funato N. New Insights Into Cranial Synchondrosis Development: A Mini Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:706. [PMID: 32850826 PMCID: PMC7432265 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synchondroses formed via endochondral ossification in the cranial base are an important growth center for the neurocranium. Abnormalities in the synchondroses affect cranial base elongation and the development of adjacent regions, including the craniofacial bones. In the central region of the cranial base, there are two synchondroses present—the intersphenoid synchondrosis and the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. These synchondroses consist of mirror image bipolar growth plates. The cross-talk of several signaling pathways, including the parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH)/parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), Wnt/β-catenin, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways, as well as regulation by cilium assembly and the transcription factors encoded by the RUNX2, SIX1, SIX2, SIX4, and TBX1 genes, play critical roles in synchondrosis development. Deletions or activation of these gene products in mice causes the abnormal ossification of cranial synchondrosis and skeletal elements. Gene disruption leads to both similar and markedly different abnormalities in the development of intersphenoid synchondrosis and spheno-occipital synchondrosis, as well as in the phenotypes of synchondroses and skeletal bones. This paper reviews the development of cranial synchondroses, along with its regulation by the signaling pathways and transcription factors, highlighting the differences between intersphenoid synchondrosis and spheno-occipital synchondrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Funato
- Department of Signal Gene Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Sun X, Zhang R, Chen H, Du X, Chen S, Huang J, Liu M, Xu M, Luo F, Jin M, Su N, Qi H, Yang J, Tan Q, Zhang D, Ni Z, Liang S, Zhang B, Chen D, Zhang X, Luo L, Chen L, Xie Y. Fgfr3 mutation disrupts chondrogenesis and bone ossification in zebrafish model mimicking CATSHL syndrome partially via enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Theranostics 2020; 10:7111-7130. [PMID: 32641982 PMCID: PMC7330844 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CATSHL syndrome, characterized by camptodactyly, tall stature and hearing loss, is caused by loss-of-function mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptors 3 (FGFR3) gene. Most manifestations of patients with CATSHL syndrome start to develop in the embryonic stage, such as skeletal overgrowth, craniofacial abnormalities, however, the pathogenesis of these phenotypes especially the early maldevelopment remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, there are no effective therapeutic targets for this skeleton dysplasia. Methods: We generated fgfr3 knockout zebrafish by CRISPR/Cas9 technology to study the developmental mechanisms and therapeutic targets of CATSHL syndrome. Several zebrafish transgenic lines labeling osteoblasts and chondrocytes, and live Alizarin red staining were used to analyze the dynamical skeleton development in fgfr3 mutants. Western blotting, whole mount in situ hybridization, Edu labeling based cell proliferation assay and Wnt/β-catenin signaling antagonist were used to explore the potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Results: We found that fgfr3 mutant zebrafish, staring from early development stage, showed craniofacial bone malformation with microcephaly and delayed closure of cranial sutures, chondroma-like lesion and abnormal development of auditory sensory organs, partially resembling the clinical manifestations of patients with CATSHL syndrome. Further studies showed that fgfr3 regulates the patterning and shaping of pharyngeal arches and the timely ossification of craniofacial skeleton. The abnormal development of pharyngeal arch cartilage is related to the augmented hypertrophy and disordered arrangement of chondrocytes, while decreased proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts may be involved in the delayed maturation of skull bones. Furthermore, we revealed that deficiency of fgfr3 leads to enhanced IHH signaling and up-regulated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and pharmacological inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin could partially alleviate the phenotypes of fgfr3 mutants. Conclusions: Our study further reveals some novel phenotypes and underlying developmental mechanism of CATSHL syndrome, which deepens our understanding of the pathogenesis of CATSHL and the role of fgfr3 in skeleton development. Our findings provide evidence that modulation of Wnt/β-catenin activity could be a potential therapy for CATSHL syndrome and related skeleton diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianding Sun
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ruobin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Mi Liu
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Sen Liang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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33
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Funato N, Srivastava D, Shibata S, Yanagisawa H. TBX1 Regulates Chondrocyte Maturation in the Spheno-occipital Synchondrosis. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1182-1191. [PMID: 32442036 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520925080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The synchondrosis in the cranial base is an important growth center for the craniofacial region. Abnormalities in the synchondroses affect the development of adjacent regions, including the craniofacial skeleton. Here, we report that the transcription factor TBX1, the candidate gene for DiGeorge syndrome, is expressed in mesoderm-derived chondrocytes and plays an essential and specific role in spheno-occipital synchondrosis development by inhibiting the expression of genes involved in chondrocyte hypertrophy and osteogenesis. In Tbx1-deficient mice, the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was completely mineralized at birth. TBX1 interacts with RUNX2, a master molecule of osteoblastogenesis and a regulator of chondrocyte maturation, and suppresses its transcriptional activity. Indeed, deleting Tbx1 triggers accelerated mineralization due to accelerated chondrocyte differentiation, which is associated with ectopic expression of downstream targets of RUNX2 in the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. These findings reveal that TBX1 acts as a regulator of chondrocyte maturation and osteogenesis during the spheno-occipital synchondrosis development. Thus, the tight regulation of endochondral ossification by TBX1 is crucial for the normal progression of chondrocyte differentiation in the spheno-occipital synchondrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Funato
- Department of Signal Gene Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Shibata
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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34
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Huet T, Cohen-Solal M, Laredo JD, Collet C, Baujat G, Cormier-Daire V, Yelnik A, Orcel P, Beaudreuil J. Lumbar spinal stenosis and disc alterations affect the upper lumbar spine in adults with achondroplasia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4699. [PMID: 32170149 PMCID: PMC7070089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In achondroplasia, lumbar spinal stenosis arises from congenital dysplasia and acquired degenerative changes. We here aimed to describe the changes of the lumbar spinal canal and intervertebral disc in adults. We included 18 adults (age ≥ 18 years) with achondroplasia and lumbar spinal stenosis. Radiographs were used to analyze spinal-pelvic angles. Antero-posterior diameter of the spinal canal and the grade of disc degeneration were measured by MRI. Antero-posterior diameters of the spinal canal differed by spinal level (P < 0.05), with lower values observed at T12-L1, L1-2 and L2-3. Degrees of disc degeneration differed by intervertebral level, with higher degrees observed at L1-2, L2-3 and L3-4. A significant correlation was found between disc degeneration and thoraco-lumbar kyphosis at L2-3, between antero-posterior diameter of the spinal canal and lumbar lordosis at T12-L1 and L2-3, and between antero-posterior diameter of the spinal canal and thoraco-lumbar kyphosis at L1-2. Unlike the general population, spinal stenosis and disc degeneration involve the upper part of the lumbar spine in adults with achondroplasia, associated with thoraco-lumbar kyphosis and loss of lumbar lordosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Huet
- Université de Paris, BIOSCAR Inserm U1132 and Department of Rheumatology and Reference Center for Constitutional Bone Diseases, AP-HP Hospital Lariboisière, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Université de Paris, BIOSCAR Inserm U1132 and Department of Rheumatology and Reference Center for Constitutional Bone Diseases, AP-HP Hospital Lariboisière, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Denis Laredo
- Université de Paris, Department of Bone and Joint Imaging, AP-HP Hospital Lariboisière, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- Université de Paris, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, AP-HP Hospital Lariboisière, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Université de Paris, Department of Genetics, Reference Center for Constitutional Bone Diseases, AP-HP Hospital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Université de Paris, Department of Genetics, Reference Center for Constitutional Bone Diseases, AP-HP Hospital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Alain Yelnik
- Université de Paris, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, AP-HP Hospital Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Orcel
- Université de Paris, BIOSCAR Inserm U1132 and Department of Rheumatology and Reference Center for Constitutional Bone Diseases, AP-HP Hospital Lariboisière, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Johann Beaudreuil
- Université de Paris, BIOSCAR Inserm U1132 and Department of Rheumatology and Reference Center for Constitutional Bone Diseases, AP-HP Hospital Lariboisière, F-75010, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, AP-HP Hospital Fernand Widal, Paris, France.
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35
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Högler W, Ward LM. New developments in the management of achondroplasia. Wien Med Wochenschr 2020; 170:104-111. [PMID: 32144686 PMCID: PMC7098936 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-020-00741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Achondroplasia is the most common form of disproportionate short stature. A dominantly inherited FGFR3 mutation permanently activates the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and its downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. This inhibits chondrocyte differentiation and puts a break on growth plate function, in addition to causing serious medical complications such as foramen magnum and spinal stenosis and upper airway narrowing. A great deal has been learned about complications and consequences of FGFR3 activation and management guidance is evolving aimed to reduce the increased mortality and morbidity in this condition, particularly deaths from spinal cord compression and sleep apnoea in infants and small children. To date, no drugs are licensed for treatment of achondroplasia. Here, we report on the various substances in the drug development pipeline which target elements in molecular disease mechanism such as FGF (fibroblast growth factor) ligands, FGFR3, MAPK signalling as well as the C‑type natriuretic peptide receptor NPR‑B (natriuretic peptide receptor B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Krankenhausstraße 26-30, 4020, Linz, Austria. .,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Leanne M Ward
- Departments of Paediatrics and Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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36
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Liu SB, Lu LF, Lu XB, Li S, Zhang YA. Zebrafish FGFR3 is a negative regulator of RLR pathway to decrease IFN expression. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:224-229. [PMID: 31200068 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 3 is one of the four distinct membrane-spanning tyrosine kinases required for proper skeletal development. In fish, the role of FGFR3 is still unclear. In this article, we reveal that zebrafish FGFR3 is a negative regulator of interferon (IFN) production in the innate immune response by suppressing the activity of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) in the process of virus infection. qPCR experiments demonstrate that the transcriptional level of cellular FGFR3 was upregulated by infection with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), indicating that FGFR3 might be involved in the process of host cell response to viral infection. Then, overexpression of FGFR3 significantly impeded the IFN promoter activity induced by a stimulator. In addition, the capabilities of a retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) system to activate IFN promoter were decreased during the overexpression of FGFR3. Subsequently, FGFR3 decreased the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and mediator of IRF3 activation (MITA) by TBK1. These findings suggest that zebrafish FGFR3 is a negative regulator of IFN by attenuating the kinase activity of TBK1, leading to the suppression of IFN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Bo Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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37
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Yotsumoto T, Morozumi N, Furuya M, Fujii T, Hirota K, Ueda Y, Nakao K, Yamanaka S, Yoshikiyo K, Yoshida S, Nishimura T, Abe Y, Jindo T, Ogasawara H, Yasoda A. Foramen magnum stenosis and midface hypoplasia in C-type natriuretic peptide-deficient rats and restoration by the administration of human C-type natriuretic peptide with 53 amino acids. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216340. [PMID: 31120905 PMCID: PMC6532844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)-knockout (KO) rats exhibit impaired skeletal growth, with long bones shorter than those in wild-type (WT) rats. This study compared craniofacial morphology in the CNP-KO rat with that in the Spontaneous Dwarf Rat (SDR), a growth hormone (GH)-deficient model. The effects of subcutaneous administration of human CNP with 53 amino acids (CNP-53) from 5 weeks of age for 4 weeks on craniofacial morphology in CNP-KO rats were also investigated. Skulls of CNP-KO rats at 9 weeks of age were longitudinally shorter and the foramen magnum was smaller than WT rats. There were no differences in foramen magnum stenosis and midface hypoplasia between CNP-KO rats at 9 and 33 weeks of age. These morphological features were the same as those observed in CNP-KO mice and activated fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 achondroplasia-phenotype mice. In contrast, SDR did not exhibit foramen magnum stenosis and midface hypoplasia, despite shorter stature than in control rats. After administration of exogenous CNP-53, the longitudinal skull length and foramen magnum size in CNP-KO rats were significantly greater, and full or partial rescue was confirmed. The synchondrosis at the cranial base in CNP-KO rats is closed at 9 weeks, but not at 4 weeks of age. In contrast, synchondrosis closure in CNP-KO rats treated with CNP-53 was incomplete at 9 weeks of age. Administration of exogenous CNP-53 accelerated craniofacial skeletogenesis, leading to improvement in craniofacial morphology. As these findings in CNP-KO rats are similar to those in patients with achondroplasia, treatment with CNP-53 or a CNP analog may be able to restore craniofacial morphology and foramen magnum size as well as short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Yotsumoto
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd. Kobe, Japan
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Toshihito Fujii
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisho Hirota
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Ueda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Nakao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yamanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yoshikiyo
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd. Kobe, Japan
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshida
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd. Kobe, Japan
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Nishimura
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd. Kobe, Japan
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd. Kobe, Japan
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Jindo
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd. Kobe, Japan
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogasawara
- Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd. Kobe, Japan
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasoda
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
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Genetic Analysis in Fetal Skeletal Dysplasias by Trio Whole-Exome Sequencing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2492590. [PMID: 31218223 PMCID: PMC6537022 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2492590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias (SDs) comprise a series of severe congenital disorders that have strong clinical heterogeneity and usually attribute to diverse genetic variations. The pathogenesis of more than half of SDs remains unclear. Additionally, the clinical manifestations of fetal SDs are ambiguous, which poses a big challenge for accurate diagnosis. In this study, eight unrelated families with fetal SD were recruited and subjected to sequential tests including chromosomal karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and trio whole-exome sequencing (WES). Sanger sequencing and quantitative fluorescence PCR (QF-PCR) were performed as affirmative experiments. In six families, a total of six pathogenic/likely pathogenic variations were identified in four genes including SLC26A2, FGFR3, FLNB, and TMEM38B. These variations caused disorders following autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance patterns, respectively. The results provided reliable evidence for the subsequent genetic counseling and reproductive options to these families. With its advantage in variation calling and interpreting, trio WES is a promising strategy for the investigation of fetal SDs in cases with normal karyotyping and CMA results. It has considerable prospects to be utilized in prenatal diagnosis.
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Zheng C, Lin X, Xu X, Wang C, Zhou J, Gao B, Fan J, Lu W, Hu Y, Jie Q, Luo Z, Yang L. Suppressing UPR-dependent overactivation of FGFR3 signaling ameliorates SLC26A2-deficient chondrodysplasias. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:695-709. [PMID: 30685387 PMCID: PMC6413327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the SLC26A2 gene cause a spectrum of currently incurable human chondrodysplasias. However, genotype-phenotype relationships of SLC26A2-deficient chondrodysplasias are still perplexing and thus stunt therapeutic development. Methods To investigate the causative role of SLC26A2 deficiency in chondrodysplasias and confirm its skeleton-specific pathology, we generated and analyzed slc26a2−/− and Col2a1-Cre; slc26a2fl/fl mice. The therapeutic effect of NVP-BGJ398, an FGFR inhibitor, was tested with both explant cultures and timed pregnant females. Findings Two lethal forms of human SLC26A2-related chondrodysplasias, achondrogenesis type IB (ACG1B) and atelosteogenesis type II (AO2), are phenocopied by slc26a2−/− mice. Unexpectedly, slc26a2−/− chondrocytes are defective for collagen secretion, exhibiting intracellular retention and compromised extracellular deposition of ColII and ColIX. As a consequence, the ATF6 arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is preferentially triggered to overactivate FGFR3 signaling by inducing excessive FGFR3 in slc26a2−/− chondrocytes. Consistently, suppressing FGFR3 signaling by blocking either FGFR3 or phosphorylation of the downstream effector favors the recovery of slc26a2−/− cartilage cultures from impaired growth and unbalanced cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, administration of an FGFR inhibitor to pregnant females shows therapeutic effects on pathological features in slc26a2−/− newborns. Finally, we confirm the skeleton-specific lethality and pathology of global SLC26A2 deletion through analyzing the Col2a1-Cre; slc26a2fl/fl mouse line. Interpretation Our study unveils a previously unrecognized pathogenic mechanism underlying ACG1B and AO2, and supports suppression of FGFR3 signaling as a promising therapeutic approach for SLC26A2-related chondrodysplasias. Fund This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81871743, 81730065 and 81772377).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xisheng Lin
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinru Zhou
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiguang Lu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaqian Hu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Jie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
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40
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are expressed throughout all stages of skeletal development. In the limb bud and in cranial mesenchyme, FGF signaling is important for formation of mesenchymal condensations that give rise to bone. Once skeletal elements are initiated and patterned, FGFs regulate both endochondral and intramembranous ossification programs. In this chapter, we review functions of the FGF signaling pathway during these critical stages of skeletogenesis, and explore skeletal malformations in humans that are caused by mutations in FGF signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Pierre J Marie
- UMR-1132 Inserm (Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) and University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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Abstract
Achondroplasia is the most common of the skeletal dysplasias that result in marked short stature (dwarfism). Although its clinical and radiologic phenotype has been described for more than 50 years, there is still a great deal to be learned about the medical issues that arise secondary to this diagnosis, the manner in which these are best diagnosed and addressed, and whether preventive strategies can ameliorate the problems that can compromise the health and well being of affected individuals. This review provides both an updated discussion of the care needs of those with achondroplasia and an exploration of the limits of evidence that is available regarding care recommendations, controversies that are currently present, and the many areas of ignorance that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Pauli
- Midwest Regional Bone Dysplasia Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Fafilek B, Balek L, Bosakova MK, Varecha M, Nita A, Gregor T, Gudernova I, Krenova J, Ghosh S, Piskacek M, Jonatova L, Cernohorsky NH, Zieba JT, Kostas M, Haugsten EM, Wesche J, Erneux C, Trantirek L, Krakow D, Krejci P. The inositol phosphatase SHIP2 enables sustained ERK activation downstream of FGF receptors by recruiting Src kinases. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/548/eaap8608. [PMID: 30228226 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aap8608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) drives pathologies caused by mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). We previously identified the inositol phosphatase SHIP2 (also known as INPPL1) as an FGFR-interacting protein and a target of the tyrosine kinase activities of FGFR1, FGFR3, and FGFR4. We report that loss of SHIP2 converted FGF-mediated sustained ERK activation into a transient signal and rescued cell phenotypes triggered by pathologic FGFR-ERK signaling. Mutant forms of SHIP2 lacking phosphoinositide phosphatase activity still associated with FGFRs and did not prevent FGF-induced sustained ERK activation, demonstrating that the adaptor rather than the catalytic activity of SHIP2 was required. SHIP2 recruited Src family kinases to the FGFRs, which promoted FGFR-mediated phosphorylation and assembly of protein complexes that relayed signaling to ERK. SHIP2 interacted with FGFRs, was phosphorylated by active FGFRs, and promoted FGFR-ERK signaling at the level of phosphorylation of the adaptor FRS2 and recruitment of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11. Thus, SHIP2 is an essential component of canonical FGF-FGFR signal transduction and a potential therapeutic target in FGFR-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohumil Fafilek
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Balek
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kunova Bosakova
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Varecha
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandru Nita
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Gregor
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Gudernova
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Krenova
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Somadri Ghosh
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Martin Piskacek
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Jonatova
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jennifer T Zieba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michal Kostas
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Margrethe Haugsten
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Wesche
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Lukas Trantirek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic. .,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
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43
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Abstract
The cranial base is a central and integral component of the cranioskeleton, yet little is known about its growth. Despite the dissimilarities between human and murine cranioskeletal form, mouse models are proving instrumental in studying craniofacial growth. The objectives of this review are to summarize recent findings from numerous mouse models that display growth defects in one or more cranial base synchondroses, with accompanying changes in chondrocyte cellular zones. Many of these models also display altered growth of the cranial vault and/or the facial region. FGFR, PTHrP, Ihh, BMP and Wnt/β-catenin, as well as components of primary cilia, are the major genes and signalling pathways identified in cranial base synchondroses. Together, these models are helping to uncover specific genetic influences and signalling pathways operational at the cranial base synchondroses. Many of these genes are in common with those of importance in the cranial vault and the facial skeleton, emphasizing the molecular integration of growth between the cranial base and other cranial regions. Selected models are also being utilized in testing therapeutic agents to correct defective craniofacial and cranial base growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Vora
- Oral Health Sciences, Orthodontics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sittewelle M, Monsoro-Burq AH. AKT signaling displays multifaceted functions in neural crest development. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S144-S155. [PMID: 29859890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AKT signaling is an essential intracellular pathway controlling cell homeostasis, cell proliferation and survival, as well as cell migration and differentiation in adults. Alterations impacting the AKT pathway are involved in many pathological conditions in human disease. Similarly, during development, multiple transmembrane molecules, such as FGF receptors, PDGF receptors or integrins, activate AKT to control embryonic cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and also cell fate decisions. While many studies in mouse embryos have clearly implicated AKT signaling in the differentiation of several neural crest derivatives, information on AKT functions during the earliest steps of neural crest development had remained relatively scarce until recently. However, recent studies on known and novel regulators of AKT signaling demonstrate that this pathway plays critical roles throughout the development of neural crest progenitors. Non-mammalian models such as fish and frog embryos have been instrumental to our understanding of AKT functions in neural crest development, both in neural crest progenitors and in the neighboring tissues. This review combines current knowledge acquired from all these different vertebrate animal models to describe the various roles of AKT signaling related to neural crest development in vivo. We first describe the importance of AKT signaling in patterning the tissues involved in neural crest induction, namely the dorsal mesoderm and the ectoderm. We then focus on AKT signaling functions in neural crest migration and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méghane Sittewelle
- Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anne H Monsoro-Burq
- Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, F-91405 Orsay, France; Institut Universitaire de France, F-75005 Paris, France.
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45
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Ledwon JK, Turin SY, Gosain AK, Topczewska JM. The expression of fgfr3 in the zebrafish head. Gene Expr Patterns 2018; 29:32-38. [PMID: 29630949 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is essential for many developmental processes and plays a pivotal role in skeletal homeostasis, regeneration and wound healing. FGF signals through one of five tyrosine kinase receptors: Fgfr1a, -1b, -2, -3, -4. To characterize the expression of zebrafish fgfr3 from the larval stage to adulthood, we used RNAscope in situ hybridization on paraffin sections of the zebrafish head. Our study revealed spatial and temporal distribution of fgfr3 transcript in chondrocytes of the head cartilages, osteoblasts involved in bone formation, ventricular zone of the brain, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the skin, and lens epithelium of the eye. In general, the expression pattern of zebrafish fgfr3 is similar to the expression observed in higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Ledwon
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sergey Y Turin
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arun K Gosain
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jolanta M Topczewska
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.
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46
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Shoja MM, Ramdhan R, Jensen CJ, Chern JJ, Oakes WJ, Tubbs RS. Embryology of the craniocervical junction and posterior cranial fossa, part II: Embryogenesis of the hindbrain. Clin Anat 2018; 31:488-500. [PMID: 29344994 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although pathology of the hindbrain and its derivatives can have life altering effects on a patient, a comprehensive review on its embryology is difficult to find in the peer-reviewed medical literature. Therefore, this review article, using standard search engines, seemed timely. The embryology of the hindbrain is complex and relies on a unique timing of various neurovascular and bony elements. Derailment of these developmental processes can lead to a wide range of malformations such as the Chiari malformations. Therefore, a good working knowledge of this embryology as outlined in this review of the hindbrain is important for those treating patients with involvement of this region of the central nervous system. Clin. Anat. 31:488-500, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali M Shoja
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rebecca Ramdhan
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada
| | - Chad J Jensen
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada
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Gouveia CHA, Miranda-Rodrigues M, Martins GM, Neofiti-Papi B. Thyroid Hormone and Skeletal Development. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 106:383-472. [PMID: 29407443 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for skeletal development from the late fetal life to the onset of puberty. During this large window of actions, TH has key roles in endochondral and intramembranous ossifications and in the longitudinal bone growth. There is evidence that TH acts directly in skeletal cells but also indirectly, specially via the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis, to control the linear skeletal growth and maturation. The presence of receptors, plasma membrane transporters, and activating and inactivating enzymes of TH in skeletal cells suggests that direct actions of TH in these cells are crucial for skeletal development, which has been confirmed by several in vitro and in vivo studies, including mouse genetic studies, and clinical studies in patients with resistance to thyroid hormone due to dominant-negative mutations in TH receptors. This review examines progress made on understanding the mechanisms by which TH regulates the skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia H A Gouveia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Experimental Pathophysiology Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Gisele M Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Experimental Pathophysiology Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Bianca Neofiti-Papi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Experimental Pathophysiology Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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48
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Osawa Y, Matsushita M, Hasegawa S, Esaki R, Fujio M, Ohkawara B, Ishiguro N, Ohno K, Kitoh H. Activated FGFR3 promotes bone formation via accelerating endochondral ossification in mouse model of distraction osteogenesis. Bone 2017; 105:42-49. [PMID: 28802681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Achondroplasia (ACH) is one of the most common short-limbed skeletal dysplasias caused by gain-of-function mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptors 3 (FGFR3) gene. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a treatment option for short stature in ACH in some countries. Although the patients with ACH usually show faster healing in DO, details of the newly formed bone have not been examined. We have developed a mouse model of DO and analyzed new bone regenerates of the transgenic mice with ACH (Fgfr3ach mice) histologically and morphologically. We established two kinds of DO protocols, the short-DO consisted of 5days of latency period followed by 5days of distraction with a rate of 0.4mm per 24h, and the long-DO consisted of the same latency period followed by 7days of distraction with a rate of 0.3mm per 12h. The callus formation was evaluated radiologically by bone fill score and quantified by micro-CT scan in both protocols. The histomorphometric analysis was performed in the short-DO protocol by various stainings, including Villanueva Goldner, Safranin-O/Fast green, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and type X collagen. Bone fill scores were significantly higher in Fgfr3ach mice than in wild-type mice in both protocols. The individual bone parameters, including bone volume and bone volume/tissue volume, were also significantly higher in Fgfr3ach mice than in wild-type mice in both protocols. The numbers of osteoblasts, as well as osteoclasts, around the trabecular bone were increased in Fgfr3ach mice. Cartilaginous tissues of the distraction region rapidly disappeared in Fgfr3ach mice compared to wild-type mice during the consolidation phase. Similarly, type X collagen-positive cells were markedly decreased in Fgfr3ach mice during the same period. Fgfr3ach mice exhibited accelerated bone regeneration after DO. Accelerated endochondral ossification could contribute to faster healing in Fgfr3ach mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Osawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Masaki Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sachi Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryusaku Esaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masahito Fujio
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Bisei Ohkawara
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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González-del Angel A, Caro-Contreras A, Alcántara-Ortigoza MA, Ramos S, Cruz-Alcívar R, Moyers-Pérez P. Unique association of hypochondroplasia with craniosynostosis and cleft palate in a Mexican family. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:161-166. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna González-del Angel
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
| | - Alan Caro-Contreras
- Médico Residente de Genética Médica, Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
| | - Miguel Angel Alcántara-Ortigoza
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
| | - Sandra Ramos
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
| | - Roberto Cruz-Alcívar
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
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Driessen C, Rijken BF, Doerga PN, Dremmen MH, Joosten KF, Mathijssen IM. The effect of early fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis on midface hypoplasia and obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Crouzon syndrome. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:1069-1073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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