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Clark JF, Soriano P. Diverse Fgfr1 signaling pathways and endocytic trafficking regulate mesoderm development. Genes Dev 2024; 38:393-414. [PMID: 38834239 PMCID: PMC11216173 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351593.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway is a conserved signaling pathway required for embryonic development. Activated FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) drives multiple intracellular signaling cascade pathways, including ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT, collectively termed canonical signaling. However, unlike Fgfr1-null embryos, embryos containing hypomorphic mutations in Fgfr1 lacking the ability to activate canonical downstream signals are still able to develop to birth but exhibit severe defects in all mesodermal-derived tissues. The introduction of an additional signaling mutation further reduces the activity of Fgfr1, leading to earlier lethality, reduced somitogenesis, and more severe changes in transcriptional outputs. Genes involved in migration, ECM interaction, and phosphoinositol signaling were significantly downregulated, proteomic analysis identified changes in interactions with endocytic pathway components, and cells expressing mutant receptors show changes in endocytic trafficking. Together, we identified processes regulating early mesoderm development by mechanisms involving both canonical and noncanonical Fgfr1 pathways, including direct interaction with cell adhesion components and endocytic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Clark
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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2
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Clark JF, Soriano P. Diverse Fgfr1 signaling pathways and endocytic trafficking regulate early mesoderm development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.16.580629. [PMID: 38405698 PMCID: PMC10888970 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.16.580629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway is a conserved signaling pathway required for embryonic development. Activated FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) drives multiple intracellular signaling cascade pathways, including ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT, collectively termed canonical signaling. However, unlike Fgfr1 null embryos, embryos containing hypomorphic mutations in Fgfr1 lacking the ability to activate canonical downstream signals are still able to develop to birth, but exhibit severe defects in all mesodermal-derived tissues. The introduction of an additional signaling mutation further reduces the activity of Fgfr1, leading to earlier lethality, reduced somitogenesis, and more severe changes in transcriptional outputs. Genes involved in migration, ECM-interaction, and phosphoinositol signaling were significantly downregulated, proteomic analysis identified changes in interactions with endocytic pathway components, and cells expressing mutant receptors show changes in endocytic trafficking. Together, we identify processes regulating early mesoderm development by mechanisms involving both canonical and non-canonical Fgfr1 pathways, including direct interaction with cell adhesion components and endocytic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. Clark
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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3
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Shen N, Zhang J, Xia Y, Shen XX, Wang J, Jin YY, Zhang R, Li JY, Chen LJ. [Clinical characteristics and prognosis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients with FGFR3 gene mutations]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2023; 44:989-994. [PMID: 38503521 PMCID: PMC10834875 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the influence of FGFR3 gene mutations on the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) . Methods: A total of 198 patients with NDMM admitted to the Department of Hematology in Jiangsu Province Hospital between January 2016 and February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Next-generation sequencing and cytoplasmic light chain immunofluorescence with fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed for all patients. The prognostic significance of FGFR3 mutation and clinical features were analyzed using the Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Among 198 patients, 28 carried the FGFR3 gene mutation. These patients had significantly lower serum albumin levels, higher β(2)-microglobulin levels, advanced Revised International Staging System stages, more frequent occurrence of t (4;14) , and shorter median progression-free survival (PFS) time (28 months vs 33 months, P=0.024) and overall survival (OS) time (54 months vs undefined, P=0.028) than patients without FGFR3 mutation. Additionally, patients carrying either FGFR3 mutation or t (4;14) had lower PFS (30 months vs 38 months, P=0.012) and OS (54 months vs undefined, P=0.017) than those without. The Cox proportional hazards model identified FGFR3 mutation as an independent risk factor for PFS and OS. Conclusion: FGFR3 gene mutation was an unfavorable independent prognostic predictor for NDMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Y Xia
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - X X Shen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Y Y Jin
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - R Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - J Y Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - L J Chen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
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4
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Lin YW, Kao HJ, Chen WT, Kao CF, Wu JY, Chen YT, Lee YC. Cell-based screen identifies porphyrins as FGFR3 activity inhibitors with therapeutic potential for achondroplasia and cancer. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171257. [PMID: 37824212 PMCID: PMC10721322 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Overactive fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) signaling drives pathogenesis in a variety of cancers and a spectrum of short-limbed bone dysplasias, including the most common form of human dwarfism, achondroplasia (ACH). Targeting FGFR3 activity holds great promise as a therapeutic approach for treatment of these diseases. Here, we established a receptor/adaptor translocation assay system that can specifically monitor FGFR3 activation, and we applied it to identify FGFR3 modulators from complex natural mixtures. An FGFR3-suppressing plant extract of Amaranthus viridis was identified from the screen, and 2 bioactive porphyrins, pheophorbide a (Pa) and pyropheophorbide a, were sequentially isolated from the extract and functionally characterized. Further analysis showed that Pa reduced excessive FGFR3 signaling by decreasing its half-life in FGFR3-overactivated multiple myeloma cells and chondrocytes. In an ex vivo culture system, Pa alleviated defective long bone growth in humanized ACH mice (FGFR3ACH mice). Overall, our study presents an approach to discovery and validation of plant extracts or drug candidates that target FGFR3 activation. The compounds identified by this approach may have applications as therapeutics for FGFR3-associated cancers and skeletal dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wen Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Jung Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fu Kao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yi-Ching Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Niazi Y, Paramasivam N, Blocka J, Kumar A, Huhn S, Schlesner M, Weinhold N, Sijmons R, De Jong M, Durie B, Goldschmidt H, Hemminki K, Försti A. Investigation of Rare Non-Coding Variants in Familial Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010096. [PMID: 36611892 PMCID: PMC9818386 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy whereby a single clone of plasma cells over-propagates in the bone marrow, resulting in the increased production of monoclonal immunoglobulin. While the complex genetic architecture of MM is well characterized, much less is known about germline variants predisposing to MM. Genome-wide sequencing approaches in MM families have started to identify rare high-penetrance coding risk alleles. In addition, genome-wide association studies have discovered several common low-penetrance risk alleles, which are mainly located in the non-coding genome. Here, we further explored the genetic basis in familial MM within the non-coding genome in whole-genome sequencing data. We prioritized and characterized 150 upstream, 5' untranslated region (UTR) and 3' UTR variants from 14 MM families, including 20 top-scoring variants. These variants confirmed previously implicated biological pathways in MM development. Most importantly, protein network and pathway enrichment analyses also identified 10 genes involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, which have previously been established as important MM pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Niazi
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (K.H.)
| | - Nagarajan Paramasivam
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joanna Blocka
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Stefanie Huhn
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Weinhold
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Sijmons
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam De Jong
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Durie
- Cedars Sinai Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (K.H.)
| | - Asta Försti
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Ding T, Hao J. Sirtuin 2 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation and RAS/ERK signaling, and promotes cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in multiple myeloma. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:760. [PMID: 34476507 PMCID: PMC8436222 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the regulatory role of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) in malignant progression of multiple myeloma (MM) and the potential associated signaling pathways. In total, 30 patients with MM and 15 healthy bone marrow donors were enrolled in the current study and their bone marrow samples were collected to isolate the plasma cells. The expression levels of SIRT2 were detected in MM cell lines (KMS-28BM, U266, RPMI-8226 and NCI-H929) and normal plasma cells (collected from healthy bone marrow donors as the control) via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. SIRT2 knockdown was established by transfecting two MM cell lines (RPMI-8226 and NCI-H929 cells) with short hairpin RNA-SIRT2 recombinant plasmid; the control group was transfected with a control recombinant plasmid. Subsequently, the effect of SIRT2 knockdown on MM cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression and RAS/ERK signaling was investigated via Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and western blot assays, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT2 were increased in U266 (P<0.001), KMS-28BM (P<0.001), RPMI-8226 (P<0.001) and NCI-H929 (P<0.001) cells compared with those in the control cells. In NCI-H929 and RPMI-8226 cells, cell proliferation was decreased 48 h (P<0.05) and 72 h (P<0.05) after SIRT2 knockdown. Furthermore, the cell apoptotic rate was elevated 48 h after SIRT2 knockdown (P<0.01). In addition, the percentage of cells at the G0/G1 phase was increased (P<0.01), whereas the percentage of cells at the S phase was reduced (P<0.01) 48 h after SIRT2 knockdown. The expression levels of HRAS and phosphorylated-ERK were also reduced 48 h after SIRT2 knockdown. In conclusion, SIRT2 was highly expressed in MM cell lines, and knockdown of SIRT2 inhibited MM cell proliferation, inactivated the RAS/ERK signaling pathway, and promoted cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianling Ding
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jing'an District Beizhan Hospital, Shanghai 200070, P.R. China
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7
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Ferguson HR, Smith MP, Francavilla C. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) and Noncanonical Partners in Cancer Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1201. [PMID: 34068954 PMCID: PMC8156822 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that success of targeted therapies in the treatment of cancer is context-dependent and is influenced by a complex crosstalk between signaling pathways and between cell types in the tumor. The Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling axis highlights the importance of such context-dependent signaling in cancer. Aberrant FGFR signaling has been characterized in almost all cancer types, most commonly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, glioblastoma, prostate cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. This occurs primarily through amplification and over-expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2 resulting in ligand-independent activation. Mutations and translocations of FGFR1-4 are also identified in cancer. Canonical FGF-FGFR signaling is tightly regulated by ligand-receptor combinations as well as direct interactions with the FGFR coreceptors heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and Klotho. Noncanonical FGFR signaling partners have been implicated in differential regulation of FGFR signaling. FGFR directly interacts with cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, contributing to invasive and migratory properties of cancer cells, whereas interactions with other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate angiogenic, resistance to therapy, and metastatic potential of cancer cells. The diversity in FGFR signaling partners supports a role for FGFR signaling in cancer, independent of genetic aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet R. Ferguson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Michael P. Smith
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
- Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
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8
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Abstract
The identification of mutations in FGFR3 in bladder tumors in 1999 led to major interest in this receptor and during the subsequent 20 years much has been learnt about the mutational profiles found in bladder cancer, the phenotypes associated with these and the potential of this mutated protein as a target for therapy. Based on mutational and expression data, it is estimated that >80% of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC) and ∼40% of muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBC) have upregulated FGFR3 signalling, and these frequencies are likely to be even higher if alternative splicing of the receptor, expression of ligands and changes in regulatory mechanisms are taken into account. Major efforts by the pharmaceutical industry have led to development of a range of agents targeting FGFR3 and other FGF receptors. Several of these have entered clinical trials, and some have presented very encouraging early results in advanced bladder cancer. Recent reviews have summarised the drugs and related clinical trials in this area. This review will summarise what is known about the effects of FGFR3 and its mutant forms in normal urothelium and bladder tumors, will suggest when and how this protein contributes to urothelial cancer pathogenesis and will highlight areas that may benefit from further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Knowles
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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9
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Fibroblast growth factor receptor influences primary cilium length through an interaction with intestinal cell kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4316-4325. [PMID: 30782830 PMCID: PMC6410813 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800338116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A properly functioning primary cilium is prerequisite for both normal development and aging of all ciliated organisms, including humans. In vertebrates, the signaling of Hedgehog family morphogens depends entirely on primary cilium. Recently, we reported that fibroblast growth factors (FGF) signaling interacts with that of Hedgehog, and that this is a consequence of FGF regulating length of the cilium and speed of processes that happen therein. In this report, we provide a molecular mechanism of such interaction, identifying intestinal cell kinase as a mediator of the FGF-induced changes in the ciliary morphology and function. This expands our understanding how FGF signaling regulates intracellular processes, and how aberrant FGF signaling contributes to diseases, such as achondroplasia and cancer. Vertebrate primary cilium is a Hedgehog signaling center but the extent of its involvement in other signaling systems is less well understood. This report delineates a mechanism by which fibroblast growth factor (FGF) controls primary cilia. Employing proteomic approaches to characterize proteins associated with the FGF-receptor, FGFR3, we identified the serine/threonine kinase intestinal cell kinase (ICK) as an FGFR interactor. ICK is involved in ciliogenesis and participates in control of ciliary length. FGF signaling partially abolished ICK’s kinase activity, through FGFR-mediated ICK phosphorylation at conserved residue Tyr15, which interfered with optimal ATP binding. Activation of the FGF signaling pathway affected both primary cilia length and function in a manner consistent with cilia effects caused by inhibition of ICK activity. Moreover, knockdown and knockout of ICK rescued the FGF-mediated effect on cilia. We provide conclusive evidence that FGF signaling controls cilia via interaction with ICK.
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10
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Balek L, Nemec P, Konik P, Kunova Bosakova M, Varecha M, Gudernova I, Medalova J, Krakow D, Krejci P. Proteomic analyses of signalling complexes associated with receptor tyrosine kinase identify novel members of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 interactome. Cell Signal 2018; 42:144-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) family of ligands and receptor tyrosine kinases is required throughout embryonic and postnatal development and also regulates multiple homeostatic functions in the adult. Here, Brewer et al. review the mechanisms of Fgf signaling by focusing on genetic strategies that enable in vivo analysis. The fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) family of ligands and receptor tyrosine kinases is required throughout embryonic and postnatal development and also regulates multiple homeostatic functions in the adult. Aberrant Fgf signaling causes many congenital disorders and underlies multiple forms of cancer. Understanding the mechanisms that govern Fgf signaling is therefore important to appreciate many aspects of Fgf biology and disease. Here we review the mechanisms of Fgf signaling by focusing on genetic strategies that enable in vivo analysis. These studies support an important role for Erk1/2 as a mediator of Fgf signaling in many biological processes but have also provided strong evidence for additional signaling pathways in transmitting Fgf signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Richard Brewer
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Pierre Mazot
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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12
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Jing Q, Wang Y, Liu H, Deng X, Jiang L, Liu R, Song H, Li J. FGFs: crucial factors that regulate tumour initiation and progression. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:438-47. [PMID: 27383016 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are crucial signalling molecules involved in normal cell growth, differentiation and proliferation. Over the past few decades, a large body of research has illustrated effects of individual FGFs on tumour initiation and progression. Tumour development is commonly accompanied with generation of new blood and lymph vessels, which support enhanced cell proliferation. Moreover, acquisition of tumour cells of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, enhances tumour cell migration and invasion potentials, crucial steps in tumour metastasis. This review summarizes recent findings concerning roles of FGFs in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jing
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haixing Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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13
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di Martino E, Tomlinson DC, Williams SV, Knowles MA. A place for precision medicine in bladder cancer: targeting the FGFRs. Future Oncol 2016; 12:2243-63. [PMID: 27381494 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder tumors show diverse molecular features and clinical outcome. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer has poor prognosis and novel approaches to systemic therapy are urgently required. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer has good prognosis, but high recurrence rate and the requirement for life-long disease monitoring places a major burden on patients and healthcare providers. Studies of tumor tissues from both disease groups have identified frequent alterations of FGFRs, including mutations of FGFR3 and dysregulated expression of FGFR1 and FGFR3 that suggest that these may be valid therapeutic targets. We summarize current understanding of the molecular alterations affecting these receptors in bladder tumors, preclinical studies validating them as therapeutic targets, available FGFR-targeted agents and results from early clinical trials in bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica di Martino
- Section of Molecular Oncology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Darren C Tomlinson
- Astbury Centre for Structural & Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Astbury Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sarah V Williams
- Section of Molecular Oncology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Section of Molecular Oncology, Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
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14
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Salazar L, Kashiwada T, Krejci P, Meyer AN, Casale M, Hallowell M, Wilcox WR, Donoghue DJ, Thompson LM. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 interacts with and activates TGFβ-activated kinase 1 tyrosine phosphorylation and NFκB signaling in multiple myeloma and bladder cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86470. [PMID: 24466111 PMCID: PMC3900522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. In the United States alone, 1 in 4 deaths is due to cancer and for 2013 a total of 1,660,290 new cancer cases and 580,350 cancer-related deaths are projected. Comprehensive profiling of multiple cancer genomes has revealed a highly complex genetic landscape in which a large number of altered genes, varying from tumor to tumor, impact core biological pathways and processes. This has implications for therapeutic targeting of signaling networks in the development of treatments for specific cancers. The NFκB transcription factor is constitutively active in a number of hematologic and solid tumors, and many signaling pathways implicated in cancer are likely connected to NFκB activation. A critical mediator of NFκB activity is TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Here, we identify TAK1 as a novel interacting protein and target of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) tyrosine kinase activity. We further demonstrate that activating mutations in FGFR3 associated with both multiple myeloma and bladder cancer can modulate expression of genes that regulate NFκB signaling, and promote both NFκB transcriptional activity and cell adhesion in a manner dependent on TAK1 expression in both cancer cell types. Our findings suggest TAK1 as a potential therapeutic target for FGFR3-associated cancers, and other malignancies in which TAK1 contributes to constitutive NFκB activation.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Proliferation
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunoprecipitation
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Peptide Fragments
- Phosphorylation
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Two-Hybrid System Techniques
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Salazar
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Tamara Kashiwada
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University and Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - April N. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Malcolm Casale
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew Hallowell
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - William R. Wilcox
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Donoghue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Leslie Michels Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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15
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Francavilla C, Rigbolt K, Emdal K, Carraro G, Vernet E, Bekker-Jensen D, Streicher W, Wikström M, Sundström M, Bellusci S, Cavallaro U, Blagoev B, Olsen J. Functional Proteomics Defines the Molecular Switch Underlying FGF Receptor Trafficking and Cellular Outputs. Mol Cell 2013; 51:707-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Lei B, Schwinn DA, Morris DP. Stimulation of α1a adrenergic receptors induces cellular proliferation or antiproliferative hypertrophy dependent solely on agonist concentration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72430. [PMID: 23991110 PMCID: PMC3749976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of α1aAdrenergic Receptors (ARs) is known to have anti-proliferative and hypertrophic effects; however, some studies also suggests this receptor can increase cell proliferation. Surprisingly, we find the α1aAR expressed in rat-1 fibroblasts can produce either phenotype, depending exclusively on agonist concentration. Stimulation of the α1aAR by high dose phenylephrine (>10−7 M) induces an antiproliferative, hypertrophic response accompanied by robust and extended p38 activation. Inhibition of p38 with SB203580 prevented the antiproliferative response, while inhibition of Erk or Jnk had no effect. In stark contrast, stimulation of the α1aAR with low dose phenylephrine (∼10−8 M) induced an Erk-dependent increase in cellular proliferation. Agonist-induced Erk phosphorylation was preceded by rapid FGFR and EGFR transactivation; however, only EGFR inhibition blocked Erk activation and proliferation. The general matrix metalloprotease inhibitor, GM6001, blocked agonist induced Erk activation within seconds, strongly suggesting EGFR activation involved extracellular triple membrane pass signaling. Erk activation required little Ca2+ release and was blocked by PLCβ or PKC inhibition but not by intracellular Ca2+ chelation, suggesting Ca2+ independent activation of novel PKC isoforms. In contrast, Ca2+ release was essential for PI3K/Akt activation, which was acutely maximal at non-proliferative doses of agonist. Remarkably, our data suggests EGFR transactivation leading to Erk induced proliferation has the lowest activation threshold of any α1aAR response. The ability of α1aARs to induce proliferation are discussed in light of evidence suggesting antagonistic growth responses reflect native α1aAR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Debra A. Schwinn
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Morris
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Ding JH, Chang YS. Atrial natriuretic peptide: a possible mediator involved in dexamethasone's inhibition of cell proliferation in multiple myeloma. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:207-9. [PMID: 22595807 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been recognized for several decades for its role of regulating blood pressure. Recently, cumulating evidences show that ANP plays an anticancer role in various solid tumors via blocking the kinase cascade of Ras-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 with the result of inhibition of DNA synthesis. ANP, as well as its receptors (NPR-A and NPR-C) has been identified present in the embryonic stem cell and a wide range of cancer cells. Various lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes, have been detected the presence of ANP. Multiple myeloma (MM), though the therapies have evolved significantly, is still an incurable disease as B lymphocyte cell neoplasm. Dexamethasone is the cornerstone in treatment of MM via inactivation of Ras-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 cascade reaction. Coincidently, dexamethasone can increase the expression of ANP markedly. Nevertheless, the role of ANP in MM is unclear. Based on these results above, we raise the hypothesis that ANP is involved in mediating dexamethasone's inhibition of proliferation in MM cells, which suggests that ANP may be a potential agent to treat MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hua Ding
- Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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18
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Zingone A, Cultraro CM, Shin DM, Bean CM, Morse HC, Janz S, Kuehl WM. Ectopic expression of wild-type FGFR3 cooperates with MYC to accelerate development of B-cell lineage neoplasms. Leukemia 2010; 24:1171-8. [PMID: 20393505 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The t(4;14) translocation in multiple myeloma (MM) simultaneously dysregulates two apparent oncogenes: fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) controlled by the 3' immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer on der(14) and MMSET controlled by the intronic Emu enhancer on der(4). Although all MM tumors and cell lines with a t(4;14) translocation have dysregulated MMSET, about 25% do not express FGFR3. Therefore, the function of dysregulated wild-type (WT) FGFR3 in the pathogenesis of MM remains unclear. We developed a murine transgenic (TG) model in which WT FGFR3 is overexpressed in B lymphoid cells. Although high levels of FGFR3 resulted in lymphoid hyperplasia in about one-third of older mice, no increase in tumorigenesis was observed. However, double TG FGFR3/Myc mice develop mature B lymphoma tumors that occur with a higher penetrance and shorter latency than in single TG Myc mice (P=0.006). We conclude that expression of high levels of WT FGFR3 can be oncogenic and cooperate with MYC to generate B lymphoid tumors. This suggests that dysregulated FGFR3 expression is likely to be essential at least for the early stages of pathogenesis of MM tumors that have a t(4;14) translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zingone
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105, USA
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