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Noireterre A, Soudet J, Bagdiul I, Stutz F. The cullin Rtt101 promotes ubiquitin-dependent DNA-protein crosslink repair across the cell cycle. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae658. [PMID: 39077933 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) challenge faithful DNA replication and smooth passage of genomic information. Our study unveils the cullin E3 ubiquitin ligase Rtt101 as a DPC repair factor. Genetic analyses demonstrate that Rtt101 is essential for resistance to a wide range of DPC types including topoisomerase 1 crosslinks, in the same pathway as the ubiquitin-dependent aspartic protease Ddi1. Using an in vivo inducible Top1-mimicking DPC system, we reveal the significant impact of Rtt101 ubiquitination on DPC removal across different cell cycle phases. High-throughput methods coupled with next-generation sequencing specifically highlight the association of Rtt101 with replisomes as well as colocalization with DPCs. Our findings establish Rtt101 as a main contributor to DPC repair throughout the yeast cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Noireterre
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Julien Soudet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Ivona Bagdiul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Stutz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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2
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Lazea C, Vulturar R, Chiș A, Encica S, Horvat M, Belizna C, Damian LO. Macrocephaly and Finger Changes: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5567. [PMID: 38791606 PMCID: PMC11122644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrocephaly, characterized by an abnormally large head circumference, often co-occurs with distinctive finger changes, presenting a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. This review aims to provide a current synthetic overview of the main acquired and genetic etiologies associated with macrocephaly and finger changes. The genetic cause encompasses several categories of diseases, including bone marrow expansion disorders, skeletal dysplasias, ciliopathies, inherited metabolic diseases, RASopathies, and overgrowth syndromes. Furthermore, autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are also explored for their potential involvement in macrocephaly and finger changes. The intricate genetic mechanisms involved in the formation of cranial bones and extremities are multifaceted. An excess in growth may stem from disruptions in the intricate interplays among the genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal factors that regulate human growth. Understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms is important for elucidating the developmental pathways and biological processes that contribute to the observed clinical phenotypes. The review provides a practical approach to delineate causes of macrocephaly and finger changes, facilitate differential diagnosis and guide for the appropriate etiological framework. Early recognition contributes to timely intervention and improved outcomes for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Lazea
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- 1st Pediatrics Clinic, Emergency Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Association for Innovation in Rare Inflammatory, Metabolic, Genetic Diseases INNOROG, 30E, Făgetului St., 400497 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adina Chiș
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Association for Innovation in Rare Inflammatory, Metabolic, Genetic Diseases INNOROG, 30E, Făgetului St., 400497 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Svetlana Encica
- Department of Pathology, “Niculae Stancioiu” Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, 19-21 Calea Moților St., 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Melinda Horvat
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, The Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina Belizna
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France;
- Internal Medicine Department Clinique de l’Anjou, Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Laura-Otilia Damian
- Association for Innovation in Rare Inflammatory, Metabolic, Genetic Diseases INNOROG, 30E, Făgetului St., 400497 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rare Musculoskeletal Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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3
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Ayuso-García P, Sánchez-Rueda A, Velasco-Avilés S, Tamayo-Caro M, Ferrer-Pinós A, Huarte-Sebastian C, Alvarez V, Riobello C, Jiménez-Vega S, Buendia I, Cañas-Martin J, Fernández-Susavila H, Aparicio-Rey A, Esquinas-Román EM, Ponte CR, Guhl R, Laville N, Pérez-Andrés E, Lavín JL, González-Lopez M, Cámara NM, Aransay AM, Lozano JJ, Sutherland JD, Barrio R, Martinez-Chantar ML, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Soriano-Navarro M, Matute C, Sánchez-Gómez MV, Bayón-Cordero L, Pérez-Samartín A, Bravo SB, Kurz T, Lama-Díaz T, Blanco MG, Haddad S, Record CJ, van Hasselt PM, Reilly MM, Varela-Rey M, Woodhoo A. Neddylation orchestrates the complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional program that drives Schwann cell myelination. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm7600. [PMID: 38608019 PMCID: PMC11014456 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Myelination is essential for neuronal function and health. In peripheral nerves, >100 causative mutations have been identified that cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder that can affect myelin sheaths. Among these, a number of mutations are related to essential targets of the posttranslational modification neddylation, although how these lead to myelin defects is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting neddylation leads to a notable absence of peripheral myelin and axonal loss both in developing and regenerating mouse nerves. Our data indicate that neddylation exerts a global influence on the complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional program by simultaneously regulating the expression and function of multiple essential myelination signals, including the master transcription factor EGR2 and the negative regulators c-Jun and Sox2, and inducing global secondary changes in downstream pathways, including the mTOR and YAP/TAZ signaling pathways. This places neddylation as a critical regulator of myelination and delineates the potential pathogenic mechanisms involved in CMT mutations related to neddylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ayuso-García
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Rueda
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sergio Velasco-Avilés
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel Tamayo-Caro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Aroa Ferrer-Pinós
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cecilia Huarte-Sebastian
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Vanesa Alvarez
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristina Riobello
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Selene Jiménez-Vega
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Izaskun Buendia
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of UPV/EHU, Sede building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jorge Cañas-Martin
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Héctor Fernández-Susavila
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Adrián Aparicio-Rey
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eva M. Esquinas-Román
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez Ponte
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Romane Guhl
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Université Paris Cité Magistère Européen de Génétique, 85 Boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Laville
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Université Paris Cité Magistère Européen de Génétique, 85 Boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Encarni Pérez-Andrés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - José L. Lavín
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- NEIKER–Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Applied Mathematics Department, Bioinformatics Unit, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Monika González-Lopez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Nuria Macías Cámara
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ana M. Aransay
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - James D. Sutherland
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - María Luz Martinez-Chantar
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Mario Soriano-Navarro
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of UPV/EHU, Sede building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Sánchez-Gómez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of UPV/EHU, Sede building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bayón-Cordero
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of UPV/EHU, Sede building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Pérez-Samartín
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of UPV/EHU, Sede building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana B. Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15705 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Thimo Kurz
- Evotec SE, Innovation Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4RT, UK and School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Tomas Lama-Díaz
- DNA Repair and Genome Integrity Laboratory, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel G. Blanco
- DNA Repair and Genome Integrity Laboratory, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Plaza do Obradoiro s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Saif Haddad
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Christopher J. Record
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Peter M. van Hasselt
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Division Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mary M. Reilly
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Marta Varela-Rey
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Plaza do Obradoiro s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ashwin Woodhoo
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Laboratory, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Plaza do Obradoiro s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Oportunius Research Professor at CIMUS/USC, Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Edey J, Soleimani-Nouri P, Dawson-Kavanagh A, Imran Azeem MS, Episkopou V. X-linked neuronal migration disorders: Gender differences and insights for genetic screening. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:581-599. [PMID: 37574439 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical development depends on neuronal migration of both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons. Neuronal migration disorders (NMDs) are conditions characterised by anatomical cortical defects leading to varying degrees of neurocognitive impairment, developmental delay and seizures. Refractory epilepsy affects 15 million people worldwide, and it is thought that cortical developmental disorders are responsible for 25% of childhood cases. However, little is known about the epidemiology of these disorders, nor are their aetiologies fully understood, though many are associated with sporadic genetic mutations. In this review, we aim to highlight X-linked NMDs including lissencephaly, periventricular nodular heterotopia and polymicrogyria because of their mostly familial inheritance pattern. We focus on the most prominent genes responsible: including DCX, ARX, FLNA, FMR1, L1CAM, SRPX2, DDX3X, NSHDL, CUL4B and OFD1, outlining what is known about their prevalence among NMDs, and the underlying pathophysiology. X-linked disorders are important to recognise clinically, as females often have milder phenotypes. Consequently, there is a greater chance they survive to reproductive age and risk passing the mutations down. Effective genetic screening is important to prevent and treat these conditions, and for this, we need to know gene mutations and have a clear understanding of the function of the genes involved. This review summarises the knowledge base and provides clear direction for future work by both scientists and clinicians alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Edey
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Payam Soleimani-Nouri
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | | | | | - Vasso Episkopou
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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5
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El-Khamisy SF. Oxidative DNA damage and repair at non-coding regulatory regions. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:939-949. [PMID: 37029073 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
DNA breaks at protein-coding sequences are well-established threats to tissue homeostasis and maintenance. They arise from the exposure to intracellular and environmental genotoxins, causing damage in one or two strands of the DNA. DNA breaks have been also reported in non-coding regulatory regions such as enhancers and promoters. They arise from essential cellular processes required for gene transcription, cell identity and function. One such process that has attracted recent attention is the oxidative demethylation of DNA and histones, which generates abasic sites and DNA single-strand breaks. Here, we discuss how oxidative DNA breaks at non-coding regulatory regions are generated and the recently reported role of NuMA (nuclear mitotic apparatus) protein in promoting transcription and repair at these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif F El-Khamisy
- School of Biosciences, The Healthy Lifespan and Neuroscience Institutes, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
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Multiomics Study of a Novel Naturally Derived Small Molecule, NSC772864, as a Potential Inhibitor of Proto-Oncogenes Regulating Cell Cycle Progression in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020340. [PMID: 36672275 PMCID: PMC9856482 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors, and it contributes to high numbers of deaths globally. Although advances in understanding CRC molecular mechanisms have shed significant light on its pathogenicity, current treatment options, including combined chemotherapy and molecular-targeted agents, are still limited due to resistance, with almost 25% of patients developing distant metastasis. Therefore, identifying novel biomarkers for early diagnosis is crucial, as they will also influence strategies for new targeted therapies. The proto-oncogene, c-Met, a tyrosine kinase that promotes cell proliferation, motility, and invasion; c-MYC, a transcription factor associated with the modulation of the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis; and cyclin D1 (CCND1), an essential regulatory protein in the cell cycle, all play crucial roles in cancer progression. In the present study, we explored computational simulations through bioinformatics analysis and identified the overexpression of c-Met/GSK3β/MYC/CCND1 oncogenic signatures that were associated with cancer progression, drug resistance, metastasis, and poor clinical outcomes in CRC. We further demonstrated the anticancer activities of our newly synthesized quinoline-derived compound, NSC772864, against panels of the National Cancer Institute's human CRC cell lines. The compound exhibited cytotoxic activities against various CRC cell lines. Using target prediction tools, we found that c-Met/GSK3β/MYC/CCND1 were target genes for the NSC772864 compound. Subsequently, we performed in silico molecular docking to investigate protein-ligand interactions and discovered that NSC772864 exhibited higher binding affinities with these oncogenes compared to FDA-approved drugs. These findings strongly suggest that NSC772864 is a novel and potential antiCRC agent.
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Meroni A, Grosser J, Agashe S, Ramakrishnan N, Jackson J, Verma P, Baranello L, Vindigni A. NEDDylated Cullin 3 mediates the adaptive response to topoisomerase 1 inhibitors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq0648. [PMID: 36490343 PMCID: PMC9733930 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP11) inhibitors are mainstays of anticancer therapy. These drugs trap TOP1 on DNA, stabilizing the TOP1-cleavage complex (TOP1-cc). The accumulation of TOP1-ccs perturbs DNA replication fork progression, leading to DNA breaks and cell death. By analyzing the genomic occupancy and activity of TOP1, we show that cells adapt to treatment with multiple doses of TOP1 inhibitor by promoting the degradation of TOP1-ccs, allowing cells to better tolerate subsequent doses of TOP1 inhibitor. The E3-RING Cullin 3 ligase in complex with the BTBD1 and BTBD2 adaptor proteins promotes TOP1-cc ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. NEDDylation of Cullin 3 activates this pathway, and inhibition of protein NEDDylation or depletion of Cullin 3 sensitizes cancer cells to TOP1 inhibitors. Collectively, our data uncover a previously unidentified NEDD8-Cullin 3 pathway involved in the adaptive response to TOP1 inhibitors, which can be targeted to improve the efficacy of TOP1 drugs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Meroni
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jan Grosser
- Karolinska Institutet, CMB, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sumedha Agashe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natasha Ramakrishnan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jessica Jackson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Vindigni
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Li D, Wu Z, Liu H, Zhao Z, Zhu H, Xie F, Li X. MOF negatively regulates estrogen receptor α signaling via CUL4B-mediated protein degradation in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:868866. [PMID: 36212422 PMCID: PMC9539768 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.868866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is the dominant tumorigenesis driver in breast cancer (BC), and ERα-positive BC (ERα+ BC) accounts for more than two-thirds of BC cases. MOF (males absent on the first) is a highly conserved histone acetyltransferase that acetylates lysine 16 of histone H4 (H4K16) and several non-histone proteins. Unbalanced expression of MOF has been identified, and high MOF expression predicted a favorable prognosis in BC. However, the association of MOF with ERα and the regulatory mechanisms of MOF in ERα signaling remain elusive. Our study revealed that the expression of MOF is negatively correlated with that of ERα in BC. In ERα+ BC cells, MOF overexpression downregulated the protein abundance of ERα in both cytoplasm and nucleus, thus attenuating ERα-mediated transactivation as well as cellular proliferation and in vivo tumorigenicity of BC cells. MOF promoted ERα protein degradation through CUL4B-mediated ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and induced HSP90 hyperacetylation that led to the loss of chaperone protection of HSP90 to ERα. We also revealed that suppression of MOF restored ERα expression and increased the sensitivity of ERα-negative BC cells to tamoxifen treatment. These results provide a new insight into the tumor-suppressive role of MOF in BC via negatively regulating ERα action, suggesting that MOF might be a potential therapeutic target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheelo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziyan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongying Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangzhi Li,
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9
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Leng X, Duxin JP. Targeting DNA-Protein Crosslinks via Post-Translational Modifications. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:944775. [PMID: 35860355 PMCID: PMC9289515 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.944775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent binding of proteins to DNA forms DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs), which represent cytotoxic DNA lesions that interfere with essential processes such as DNA replication and transcription. Cells possess different enzymatic activities to counteract DPCs. These include enzymes that degrade the adducted proteins, resolve the crosslinks, or incise the DNA to remove the crosslinked proteins. An important question is how DPCs are sensed and targeted for removal via the most suited pathway. Recent advances have shown the inherent role of DNA replication in triggering DPC removal by proteolysis. However, DPCs are also efficiently sensed and removed in the absence of DNA replication. In either scenario, post-translational modifications (PTMs) on DPCs play essential and versatile roles in orchestrating the repair routes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms that trigger DPC removal via PTMs, focusing on ubiquitylation, small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) conjugation (SUMOylation), and poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation). We also briefly discuss the current knowledge gaps and emerging hypotheses in the field.
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10
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Pommier Y, Nussenzweig A, Takeda S, Austin C. Human topoisomerases and their roles in genome stability and organization. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:407-427. [PMID: 35228717 PMCID: PMC8883456 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human topoisomerases comprise a family of six enzymes: two type IB (TOP1 and mitochondrial TOP1 (TOP1MT), two type IIA (TOP2A and TOP2B) and two type IA (TOP3A and TOP3B) topoisomerases. In this Review, we discuss their biochemistry and their roles in transcription, DNA replication and chromatin remodelling, and highlight the recent progress made in understanding TOP3A and TOP3B. Because of recent advances in elucidating the high-order organization of the genome through chromatin loops and topologically associating domains (TADs), we integrate the functions of topoisomerases with genome organization. We also discuss the physiological and pathological formation of irreversible topoisomerase cleavage complexes (TOPccs) as they generate topoisomerase DNA–protein crosslinks (TOP-DPCs) coupled with DNA breaks. We discuss the expanding number of redundant pathways that repair TOP-DPCs, and the defects in those pathways, which are increasingly recognized as source of genomic damage leading to neurological diseases and cancer. Topoisomerases have essential roles in transcription, DNA replication, chromatin remodelling and, as recently revealed, 3D genome organization. However, topoisomerases also generate DNA–protein crosslinks coupled with DNA breaks, which are increasingly recognized as a source of disease-causing genomic damage.
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11
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Li WQ, Wang SH, Zhang ZW, Chen J, Li YM, Lv ZC, Cao HT, Ma XM, Liu HM, Zhu Z. Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis (CAPNON). A case report. Neuropathology 2021; 41:371-375. [PMID: 34374134 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis (CAPNON) are rare, slow-growing, benign lesions occurring throughout the neuroaxis that are frequently misdiagnosed and overlooked by clinicians. Here, we report a case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with a history of recurrent headache for the previous six years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 2.3-cm-sized solid mass in the right frontal lobe that was surrounded by marked edematous areas. The lesion demonstrated dense calcification and avid enhancement. The lesion was initially diagnosed as oligodendroglioma, and then found to be CAPNON based on histopathology of a surgically resected tissue. Genetic analysis revealed a nonsense mutation in the CUL4B gene. The patient's condition appeared to reflect a reactive, rather than neoplastic, process. Clinicians should be prepared to detect such pseudotumors histopathologically in order to avoid unnecessary differential tests of neoplastic or infectious diseases, as well as potentially harmful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen-Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Chao Lv
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Tian Cao
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Ma
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Cristini A, Géraud M, Sordet O. Transcription-associated DNA breaks and cancer: A matter of DNA topology. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 364:195-240. [PMID: 34507784 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcription is an essential cellular process but also a major threat to genome integrity. Transcription-associated DNA breaks are particularly detrimental as their defective repair can induce gene mutations and oncogenic chromosomal translocations, which are hallmarks of cancer. The past few years have revealed that transcriptional breaks mainly originate from DNA topological problems generated by the transcribing RNA polymerases. Defective removal of transcription-induced DNA torsional stress impacts on transcription itself and promotes secondary DNA structures, such as R-loops, which can induce DNA breaks and genome instability. Paradoxically, as they relax DNA during transcription, topoisomerase enzymes introduce DNA breaks that can also endanger genome integrity. Stabilization of topoisomerases on chromatin by various anticancer drugs or by DNA alterations, can interfere with transcription machinery and cause permanent DNA breaks and R-loops. Here, we review the role of transcription in mediating DNA breaks, and discuss how deregulation of topoisomerase activity can impact on transcription and DNA break formation, and its connection with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Cristini
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Mathéa Géraud
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Sordet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
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13
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Ye X, Liu X, Gao M, Gong L, Tian F, Shen Y, Hu H, Sun G, Zou Y, Gong Y. CUL4B Promotes Temozolomide Resistance in Gliomas by Epigenetically Repressing CDNK1A Transcription. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638802. [PMID: 33869025 PMCID: PMC8050354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for glioblastoma (GBM) and anaplastic gliomas, is one of the most significant obstacles in clinical treatment. TMZ resistance is regulated by complex genetic and epigenetic networks. Understanding the mechanisms of TMZ resistance can help to identify novel drug targets and more effective therapies. CUL4B has been shown to be upregulated and promotes progression and chemoresistance in several cancer types. However, its regulatory effect and mechanisms on TMZ resistance have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to decipher the role and mechanism of CUL4B in TMZ resistance. Western blot and public datasets analysis showed that CUL4B was upregulated in glioma specimens. CUL4B elevation positively correlated with advanced pathological stage, tumor recurrence, malignant molecular subtype and poor survival in glioma patients receiving TMZ treatment. CUL4B expression was correlated with TMZ resistance in GBM cell lines. Knocking down CUL4B restored TMZ sensitivity, while upregulation of CUL4B promoted TMZ resistance in GBM cells. By employing senescence β-galactosidase staining, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we found that CUL4B coordinated histone deacetylase (HDAC) to co-occupy the CDKN1A promoter and epigenetically silenced CDKN1A transcription, leading to attenuation of TMZ-induced senescence and rendering the GBM cells TMZ resistance. Collectively, our findings identify a novel mechanism by which GBM cells develop resistance to TMZ and suggest that CUL4B inhibition may be beneficial for overcoming resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yangli Shen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huili Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongxin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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14
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Jang SM, Redon CE, Thakur BL, Bahta MK, Aladjem MI. Regulation of cell cycle drivers by Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1637-1651. [PMID: 33005013 PMCID: PMC8080560 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has revealed new roles for Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) in a myriad of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression. In addition to CRL1, also named SCF (SKP1-Cullin 1-F box protein), which has been known for decades as an important factor in the regulation of the cell cycle, it is now evident that all eight CRL family members are involved in the intricate cellular pathways driving cell cycle progression. In this review, we summarize the structure of CRLs and their functions in driving the cell cycle. We focus on how CRLs target key proteins for degradation or otherwise alter their functions to control the progression over the various cell cycle phases leading to cell division. We also summarize how CRLs and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ligase complex closely cooperate to govern efficient cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Jang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA.
| | - Christophe E Redon
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Bhushan L Thakur
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Meriam K Bahta
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA.
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15
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Sun Y, Saha LK, Saha S, Jo U, Pommier Y. Debulking of topoisomerase DNA-protein crosslinks (TOP-DPC) by the proteasome, non-proteasomal and non-proteolytic pathways. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 94:102926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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CRL4 Ubiquitin Pathway and DNA Damage Response. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1217:225-239. [PMID: 31898231 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage occurs in a human cell at an average frequency of 10,000 incidences per day by means of external and internal culprits, damage that triggers sequential cellular responses and stalls the cell cycle while activating specific DNA repair pathways. Failure to remove DNA lesions would compromise genomic integrity, leading to human diseases such as cancer and premature aging. If DNA damage is extensive and cannot be repaired, cells undergo apoptosis. DNA damage response (DDR) often entails posttranslational modifications of key DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint proteins, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Cullin-RING ligase 4 (CRL4) enzyme has been found to target multiple DDR proteins for ubiquitination. In this chapter, we will discuss key repair and checkpoint proteins that are subject to ubiquitin-dependent regulation by members of the CRL4 family during ultraviolet light (UV)-induced DNA damage.
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17
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Burkardt DD, Tatton-Brown K, Dobyns W, Graham JM. Approach to overgrowth syndromes in the genome era. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 181:483-490. [PMID: 31793186 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This introduction to the special issue of AJMG Part C: Overgrowth Syndromes updates the current understanding of overgrowth syndromes. We clarify the terminology associated with overgrowth, review some common pathways to overgrowth and present a preliminary classification based on currently known genomic and epigenetic mechanisms. We introduce the articles of this issue-new research and reviews of well-established and recently described overgrowth syndromes of the brain, body or both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrina Tatton-Brown
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,St George's University of London, London, UK.,Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, UK
| | - William Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - John M Graham
- Division of Medical Genetics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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18
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UCHL3 Regulates Topoisomerase-Induced Chromosomal Break Repair by Controlling TDP1 Proteostasis. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3352-3365. [PMID: 29898404 PMCID: PMC6019701 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic damage can feature DNA-protein crosslinks whereby their acute accumulation is utilized to treat cancer and progressive accumulation causes neurodegeneration. This is typified by tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1), which repairs topoisomerase-mediated chromosomal breaks. Although TDP1 levels vary in multiple clinical settings, the mechanism underpinning this variation is unknown. We reveal that TDP1 is controlled by ubiquitylation and identify UCHL3 as the deubiquitylase that controls TDP1 proteostasis. Depletion of UCHL3 increases TDP1 ubiquitylation and turnover rate and sensitizes cells to TOP1 poisons. Overexpression of UCHL3, but not a catalytically inactive mutant, suppresses TDP1 ubiquitylation and turnover rate. TDP1 overexpression in the topoisomerase therapy-resistant rhabdomyosarcoma is driven by UCHL3 overexpression. In contrast, UCHL3 is downregulated in spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy (SCAN1), causing elevated levels of TDP1 ubiquitylation and faster turnover rate. These data establish UCHL3 as a regulator of TDP1 proteostasis and, consequently, a fine-tuner of protein-linked DNA break repair. TDP1 proteostasis is controlled by a UCHL3-dependent ubiquitylation mechanism UCHL3 depletion sensitizes mammalian cells to TOP1 inhibitors Increased TDP1 protein in rhabdomyosarcoma is driven by UCHL3 upregulation Decreased TDP1 protein in spinocerebellar ataxia is driven by UCHL3 downregulation
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19
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Jang SM, Zhang Y, Utani K, Fu H, Redon CE, Marks AB, Smith OK, Redmond CJ, Baris AM, Tulchinsky DA, Aladjem MI. The replication initiation determinant protein (RepID) modulates replication by recruiting CUL4 to chromatin. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2782. [PMID: 30018425 PMCID: PMC6050238 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle progression in mammals is modulated by two ubiquitin ligase complexes, CRL4 and SCF, which facilitate degradation of chromatin substrates involved in the regulation of DNA replication. One member of the CRL4 complex, the WD-40 containing protein RepID (DCAF14/PHIP), selectively binds and activates a group of replication origins. Here we show that RepID recruits the CRL4 complex to chromatin prior to DNA synthesis, thus playing a crucial architectural role in the proper licensing of chromosomes for replication. In the absence of RepID, cells rely on the alternative ubiquitin ligase, SKP2-containing SCF, to progress through the cell cycle. RepID depletion markedly increases cellular sensitivity to SKP2 inhibitors, which triggered massive genome re-replication. Both RepID and SKP2 interact with distinct, non-overlapping groups of replication origins, suggesting that selective interactions of replication origins with specific CRL components execute the DNA replication program and maintain genomic stability by preventing re-initiation of DNA replication. RepID has previously been shown to promote origin firing. Here the authors reveal that RepID regulates replication origins via the recruitment of the CRL4 complex, and prevents re-initiation and unscheduled DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Jang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Koichi Utani
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Haiqing Fu
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Christophe E Redon
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Anna B Marks
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Owen K Smith
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Catherine J Redmond
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Adrian M Baris
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Danielle A Tulchinsky
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA.
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20
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Jang SM, Redon CE, Aladjem MI. Chromatin-Bound Cullin-Ring Ligases: Regulatory Roles in DNA Replication and Potential Targeting for Cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:19. [PMID: 29594129 PMCID: PMC5859106 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING (Really Interesting New Gene) E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), the largest family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, are functional multi-subunit complexes including substrate receptors, adaptors, cullin scaffolds, and RING-box proteins. CRLs are responsible for ubiquitination of ~20% of cellular proteins and are involved in diverse biological processes including cell cycle progression, genome stability, and oncogenesis. Not surprisingly, cullins are deregulated in many diseases and instances of cancer. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of CRL-mediated ubiquitination in the regulation of DNA replication/repair, including specific roles in chromatin assembly and disassembly of the replication machinery. The development of novel therapeutics targeting the CRLs that regulate the replication machinery and chromatin in cancer is now an attractive therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize the structure and assembly of CRLs and outline their cellular functions and their diverse roles in cancer, emphasizing the regulatory functions of nuclear CRLs in modulating the DNA replication machinery. Finally, we discuss the current strategies for targeting CRLs against cancer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirit I. Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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21
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He F, Cheng XM, Gu WL. Effects of cullin 4B on the proliferation and invasion of human gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4973-4980. [PMID: 29393470 PMCID: PMC5865957 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major aim of the present study was to explore the effects of cullin 4B (CUL4B) on the proliferation and invasion of human gastric cancer cells. Gastric tumor tissues and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues were obtained from 21 gastric cancer patients, and gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, MGC-803, KATO-III, MKN-45, SGC-7901, BGC-823 and MKN-74) were cultured. BGC-823 cells were transfected with CUL4B small interfering (si)RNA or control siRNA. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to detect the mRNA expression of CUL4B. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the protein levels of Wnt, β-catenin, glutathione synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, caspase-3 and cyclin E. MTT and Transwell assays were performed to examine cell proliferation and invasion following CUL4B knockdown. In addition, the effect of CUL4B knockdown on the cell cycle and apoptosis of BGC-823 cells was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. The results indicated that compared with the adjacent non-tumor tissues and a normal gastric epithelial cell line, gastric cancer tissues and cell lines exhibited significantly higher expression of CUL4B. Knockdown of CUL4B in gastric cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation, caused G1 arrest and inhibited cell invasion. Silencing of CUL4B also resulted in decreased Wnt and β-catenin expression, but increased expression of GSK-3β, caspase-3 and cyclin E. These results indirectly demonstrate that CUL4B enhances the proliferation and invasion abilities of gastric cancer cells by upregulating the constituent factors Wnt and β-catenin, as well as by negatively regulating the mRNA and protein expression of GSK-3β, caspase-3 and cyclin E. The potential mechanism of CUL4B highlighted in the present study may be helpful for the treatment of patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Jianhu Hospital of Nantong University, Jianhu People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224700, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Mei Cheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Long Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Jianhu Hospital of Nantong University, Jianhu People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224700, P.R. China
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22
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MicroRNA-300 Regulates the Ubiquitination of PTEN through the CRL4B DCAF13 E3 Ligase in Osteosarcoma Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:254-268. [PMID: 29499938 PMCID: PMC5768150 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cullins, critical members of the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), are often aberrantly expressed in different cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding aberrant expression of these cullins and the specific substrates of CRLs in different cancers are mostly unknown. Here, we demonstrate that overexpressed CUL4B in human osteosarcoma cells forms an E3 complex with DNA damage binding protein 1 (DDB1) and DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 13 (DCAF13). In vitro and in vivo analyses indicated that the CRL4BDCAF13 E3 ligase specifically recognized the tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) for degradation, and disruption of this E3 ligase resulted in PTEN accumulation. Further analyses indicated that miR-300 directly targeted the 3' UTR of CUL4B, and DNA hypermethylation of a CpG island in the miR-300 promoter region contributed to the downregulation of miR-300. Interestingly, ectopic expression of miR-300 or treatment with 5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, decreased the stability of CRL4BDCAF13 E3 ligase and reduced PTEN ubiquitination. By applying in vitro screening to identify small molecules that specifically inhibit CUL4B-DDB1 interaction, we found that TSC01131 could greatly inhibit osteosarcoma cell growth and could disrupt the stability of the CRL4BDCAF13 E3 ligase. Collectively, our findings shed new light on the molecular mechanism of CUL4B function and might also provide a new avenue for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Abstract
Cullin 4B (CUL4B) is a scaffold of the Cullin4B-Ring E3 ligase complex (CRL4B) that plays an important role in proteolysis and is implicated in tumorigenesis. Aberrant expression of CUL4B has been reported in various types of human diseases. Recently, studies have shown that CUL4B was overexpressed in a multitude of solid neoplasms and affect the expression of several tumor suppressor genes. In this review, we aim to summarize the biological function of CUL4B in order to better understand its pathogenesis in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021 Shandong People's Republic of China.,Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012 Shandong People's Republic of China
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24
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Jia L, Yan F, Cao W, Chen Z, Zheng H, Li H, Pan Y, Narula N, Ren X, Li H, Zhou P. Dysregulation of CUL4A and CUL4B Ubiquitin Ligases in Lung Cancer. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:2966-2978. [PMID: 27974468 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.765230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase 4 (CRL4) is implicated in controlling cell cycle, DNA damage repair, and checkpoint response based on studies employing cell lines and mouse models. CRL4 proteins, including CUL4A and CUL4B, are often highly accumulated in human malignancies. Elevated CRL4 attenuates DNA damage repair and increases genome instability that is believed to facilitate tumorigenesis. However, this has yet to be evaluated in human patients with cancer. In our study, 352 lung cancer and 62 normal lung specimens of Asian origin were constructed into tissue microarrays of four distinct lung cancer subtypes. Expression of CUL4A, CUL4B, and their substrates was detected by immunohistochemistry and analyzed statistically for their prognostic value and association with DNA damage response and genomic instability. Our results show that both CUL4A and CUL4B are overexpressed in the majority of lung carcinomas (PCUL4A <0.001 and PCUL4B <0.001) and significantly associated with tumor size (PCUL4A <0.001 and PCUL4B = 0.002), lymphatic invasion (PCUL4A = 0.004 and PCUL4B <0.001), metastasis (PCUL4A = 0.019 and PCUL4B = 0.006), and advanced TNM stage (PCUL4A <0.001 and PCUL4B <0.001), which parallels gene amplification and abnormal activation of the canonical WNT signaling. Moreover, overexpression of CUL4A, but not CUL4B, is significantly associated with tobacco smoking (p = 0.01) and is inversely correlated with XPC and P21, both of which are substrates of CUL4A (PCUL4A = 0.019 and PCUL4B = 0.006). Higher levels of CUL4A or CUL4B are significantly associated with the overall survival of patients (PCUL4A <0.001 and PCUL4B <0.001) and progression-free survival (PCUL4A <0.001 and PCUL4B = 0.001). Our findings revealed that CUL4A and CUL4B are differentially associated with etiologic factors for pulmonary malignancies and are independent prognostic markers for the survival of distinct lung cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jia
- From the Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy
| | - Fan Yan
- From the Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy.,the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, and
| | - Haixin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, and
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment
| | - Navneet Narula
- the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Xiubao Ren
- From the Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy,
| | - Hui Li
- From the Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, .,the Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China and
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- From the Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, .,the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
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25
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Sang Y, Yan F, Ren X. The role and mechanism of CRL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase in cancer and its potential therapy implications. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42590-602. [PMID: 26460955 PMCID: PMC4767455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CRLs (Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases) are the largest E3 ligase family in eukaryotes, which ubiquitinate a wide range of substrates involved in cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, DNA damage response, genomic integrity, tumor suppression and embryonic development. CRL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase, as one member of CRLs family, consists of a RING finger domain protein, cullin4 (CUL4) scaffold protein and DDB1–CUL4 associated substrate receptors. The CUL4 subfamily includes two members, CUL4A and CUL4B, which share extensively sequence identity and functional redundancy. Aberrant expression of CUL4 has been found in a majority of tumors. Given the significance of CUL4 in cancer, understanding its detailed aspects of pathogenesis of human malignancy would have significant value for the treatment of cancer. Here, the work provides an overview to address the role of CRL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase in cancer development and progression, and discuss the possible mechanisms of CRL4 ligase involving in many cellular processes associated with tumor. Finally, we discuss its potential value in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhou Sang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Yan
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
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26
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Peng Z, Liao Z, Matsumoto Y, Yang A, Tomkinson AE. Human DNA Ligase I Interacts with and Is Targeted for Degradation by the DCAF7 Specificity Factor of the Cul4-DDB1 Ubiquitin Ligase Complex. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21893-21902. [PMID: 27573245 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, processing, and joining of Okazaki fragments during DNA replication is complex, requiring the sequential action of a large number of proteins. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a DNA sliding clamp, interacts with and coordinates the activity of several DNA replication proteins, including the enzymes flap endonuclease 1 (FEN-1) and DNA ligase I that complete the processing and joining of Okazaki fragments, respectively. Although it is evident that maintaining the appropriate relative stoichiometry of FEN-1 and DNA ligase I, which compete for binding to proliferating cell nuclear antigen, is critical to prevent genomic instability, little is known about how the steady state levels of DNA replication proteins are regulated, in particular the proteolytic mechanisms involved in their turnover. Because DNA ligase I has been reported to be ubiquitylated, we used a proteomic approach to map ubiquitylation sites and screen for DNA ligase I-associated E3 ubiquitin ligases. We identified three ubiquitylated lysine residues and showed that DNA ligase I interacts with and is targeted for ubiquitylation by DCAF7, a specificity factor for the Cul4-DDB1 complex. Notably, knockdown of DCAF7 reduced the degradation of DNA ligase I in response to inhibition of proliferation and replacement of ubiquitylated lysine residues reduced the in vitro ubiquitylation of DNA ligase I by Cul4-DDB1 and DCAF7. In contrast, a different E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates FEN-1 turnover. Thus, although the expression of many of the genes encoding DNA replication proteins is coordinately regulated, our studies reveal that different mechanisms are involved in the turnover of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Peng
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and the University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 and
| | - Zhongping Liao
- the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and the University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 and
| | - Austin Yang
- the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Alan E Tomkinson
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and the University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 and
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27
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Yuan J, Jiang B, Zhang A, Qian Y, Tan H, Gao J, Shao C, Gong Y. Accelerated hepatocellular carcinoma development in CUL4B transgenic mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15209-21. [PMID: 25945838 PMCID: PMC4558146 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin 4B (CUL4B) is a component of the Cullin 4B-Ring E3 ligase (CRL4B) complex that functions in proteolysis and in epigenetic regulation. CUL4B possesses tumor-promoting properties and is markedly upregulated in many types of human cancers. To determine the role of CUL4B in liver tumorigenesis, we generated transgenic mice that expressed human CUL4B in livers and other tissues and evaluated the development of spontaneous and chemically-induced hepatocellular carcinomas. We observed that CUL4B transgenic mice spontaneously developed liver tumors at a high incidence at old ages and exhibited enhanced DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. There was a high proliferation rate in the livers of CUL4B transgenic mice that was accompanied by increased levels of Cdk1, Cdk4 and cyclin D1 and decreased level of p16. The transgenic mice also exhibited increased compensatory proliferation after DEN-induced liver injury, which was accompanied by activation of Akt, Erk, p38 and NF-κB. We also found that Prdx3 was downregulated and that DEN induced a higher level of reactive oxygen species in the livers of transgenic mice. Together, our results demonstrate a critical role of CUL4B in hepatocarcinogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jupeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Life Science, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haining Tan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Life Science, Jinan, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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28
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Cristini A, Park JH, Capranico G, Legube G, Favre G, Sordet O. DNA-PK triggers histone ubiquitination and signaling in response to DNA double-strand breaks produced during the repair of transcription-blocking topoisomerase I lesions. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:1161-78. [PMID: 26578593 PMCID: PMC4756817 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although defective repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) leads to neurodegenerative diseases, the processes underlying their production and signaling in non-replicating cells are largely unknown. Stabilized topoisomerase I cleavage complexes (Top1cc) by natural compounds or common DNA alterations are transcription-blocking lesions whose repair depends primarily on Top1 proteolysis and excision by tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase-1 (TDP1). We previously reported that stabilized Top1cc produce transcription-dependent DSBs that activate ATM in neurons. Here, we use camptothecin (CPT)-treated serum-starved quiescent cells to induce transcription-blocking Top1cc and show that those DSBs are generated during Top1cc repair from Top1 peptide-linked DNA single-strand breaks generated after Top1 proteolysis and before excision by TDP1. Following DSB induction, ATM activates DNA-PK whose inhibition suppresses H2AX and H2A ubiquitination and the later assembly of activated ATM into nuclear foci. Inhibition of DNA-PK also reduces Top1 ubiquitination and proteolysis as well as resumption of RNA synthesis suggesting that DSB signaling further enhances Top1cc repair. Finally, we show that co-transcriptional DSBs kill quiescent cells. Together, these new findings reveal that DSB production and signaling by transcription-blocking Top1 lesions impact on non-replicating cell fate and provide insights on the molecular pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as SCAN1 and AT syndromes, which are caused by TDP1 and ATM deficiency, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Cristini
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Joon-Hyung Park
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Giovanni Capranico
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Gaëlle Legube
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LBCMCP, 31062 Toulouse, France CNRS, LBCMCP, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Favre
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse 31037, France
| | - Olivier Sordet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse 31037, France
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29
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Human X-linked Intellectual Disability Factor CUL4B Is Required for Post-meiotic Sperm Development and Male Fertility. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20227. [PMID: 26832838 PMCID: PMC4735749 DOI: 10.1038/srep20227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that an E3-ubiquitin ligase associated with human X-linked intellectual disability, CUL4B, plays a crucial role in post-meiotic sperm development. Initially, Cul4b(Δ)/Y male mice were found to be sterile and exhibited a progressive loss in germ cells, thereby leading to oligoasthenospermia. Adult Cul4b mutant epididymides also contained very low numbers of mature spermatozoa, and these spermatazoa exhibited pronounced morphological abnormalities. In post-meiotic spermatids, CUL4B was dynamically expressed and mitosis of spermatogonia and meiosis of spermatocytes both appeared unaffected. However, the spermatids exhibited significantly higher levels of apoptosis during spermiogenesis, particularly during the acrosome phase through the cap phase. Comparative proteomic analyses identified a large-scale shift between wild-type and Cul4b mutant testes during early post-meiotic sperm development. Ultrastructural pathology studies further detected aberrant acrosomes in spermatids and nuclear morphology. The protein levels of both canonical and non-canonical histones were also affected in an early spermatid stage in the absence of Cul4b. Thus, X-linked CUL4B appears to play a critical role in acrosomal formation, nuclear condensation, and in regulating histone dynamics during haploid male germ cell differentiation in relation to male fertility in mice. Thus, it is possible that CUL4B-selective substrates are required for post-meiotic sperm morphogenesis.
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30
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Sakasai R, Iwabuchi K. The distinctive cellular responses to DNA strand breaks caused by a DNA topoisomerase I poison in conjunction with DNA replication and RNA transcription. Genes Genet Syst 2015; 90:187-94. [PMID: 26616758 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.15-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) inhibits DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) through a non-catalytic mechanism that stabilizes the Top1-DNA cleavage complex (Top1cc) and blocks the DNA re-ligation step, resulting in the accumulation in the genome of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), which are converted to secondary strand breaks when they collide with the DNA replication and RNA transcription machinery. DNA strand breaks mediated by replication, which have one DNA end, are distinct in repair from the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that have two ends and are caused by ionizing radiation and other agents. In contrast to two-ended DSBs, such one-ended DSBs are preferentially repaired through the homologous recombination pathway. Conversely, the repair of one-ended DSBs by the non-homologous end-joining pathway is harmful for cells and leads to cell death. The choice of repair pathway has a crucial impact on cell fate and influences the efficacy of anticancer drugs such as CPT derivatives. In addition to replication-mediated one-ended DSBs, transcription also generates DNA strand breaks upon collision with the Top1cc. Some reports suggest that transcription-mediated DNA strand breaks correlate with neurodegenerative diseases. However, the details of the repair mechanisms of, and cellular responses to, transcription-mediated DNA strand breaks still remain unclear. In this review, combining our recent results and those of previous reports, we introduce and discuss the responses to CPT-induced DNA damage mediated by DNA replication and RNA transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sakasai
- Department of Biochemistry I, Kanazawa Medical University
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31
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Chen P, Yao GD. The role of cullin proteins in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:29-37. [PMID: 26472722 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cullin proteins are a family of scaffolding proteins that associate with RING proteins and ubiquitin E3 ligases and mediate substrate-receptor bindings. Thus, cullin proteins regulate the specificity of ubiquitin targeting in the regulation of proteins involved in various cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. There are seven cullin proteins that have been identified in eukaryotes: CUL1, CUL2, CUL3, CUL4A, CUL4B, CUL5, and CUL7/p53-associated parkin-like cytoplasmic protein. All of these proteins contain a conserved cullin homology domain that binds to RING box proteins. Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes are activated upon post-translational modification by neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally downregulated protein 8. The aberrant expression of several cullin proteins has been implicated in many cancers though the significance in gastric cancer has been less well investigated. This review provides the first systematic discussion of the associations between all members of the cullin protein family and gastric cancer. Functional and regulatory mechanisms of cullin proteins in gastric carcinoma progression are also summarized along with a discussion concerning future research areas. Accumulating evidence suggests a critical role of cullin proteins in tumorigenesis, and a better understanding of the function of these individual cullin proteins and their targets will help identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Tong-Dao-Bei Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Tong-Dao-Bei Street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Hannah J, Zhou P. Distinct and overlapping functions of the cullin E3 ligase scaffolding proteins CUL4A and CUL4B. Gene 2015; 573:33-45. [PMID: 26344709 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cullin 4 subfamily of genes includes CUL4A and CUL4B, which share a mostly identical amino acid sequence aside from the elongated N-terminal region in CUL4B. Both act as scaffolding proteins for modular cullin RING ligase 4 (CRL4) complexes which promote the ubiquitination of a variety of substrates. CRL4 function is vital to cells as loss of both genes or their shared substrate adaptor protein DDB1 halts proliferation and eventually leads to cell death. Due to their high structural similarity, CUL4A and CUL4B share a substantial overlap in function. However, in some cases, differences in subcellular localization, spatiotemporal expression patterns and stress-inducibility preclude functional compensation. In this review, we highlight the most essential functions of the CUL4 genes in: DNA repair and replication, chromatin-remodeling, cell cycle regulation, embryogenesis, hematopoiesis and spermatogenesis. CUL4 genes are also clinically relevant as dysregulation can contribute to the onset of cancer and CRL4 complexes are often hijacked by certain viruses to promote viral replication and survival. Also, mutations in CUL4B have been implicated in a subset of patients suffering from syndromic X-linked intellectual disability (AKA mental retardation). Interestingly, the antitumor effects of immunomodulatory drugs are caused by their binding to the CRL4CRBN complex and re-directing the E3 ligase towards the Ikaros transcription factors IKZF1 and IKZF3. Because of their influence over key cellular functions and relevance to human disease, CRL4s are considered promising targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Hannah
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave. NY, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave. NY, NY 10065, United States.
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33
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Li Q, Li Y, Gu B, Fang L, Zhou P, Bao S, Huang L, Dai X. Akt Phosphorylates Wnt Coactivator and Chromatin Effector Pygo2 at Serine 48 to Antagonize Its Ubiquitin/Proteasome-mediated Degradation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21553-67. [PMID: 26170450 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.639419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pygopus 2 (Pygo2/PYGO2) is an evolutionarily conserved coactivator and chromatin effector in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that regulates cell growth and differentiation in various normal and malignant tissues. Although PYGO2 is highly overexpressed in a number of human cancers, the molecular mechanism underlying its deregulation is largely unknown. Here we report that Pygo2 protein is degraded through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and is posttranslationally stabilized through phosphorylation by activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling. Specifically, Pygo2 is stabilized upon inhibition of the proteasome, and its intracellular level is regulated by Cullin 4 (Cul4) and DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1), components of the Cul4-DDB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Furthermore, Pygo2 is phosphorylated at multiple residues, and Akt-mediated phosphorylation at serine 48 leads to its decreased ubiquitylation and increased stability. Finally, we provide evidence that Akt and its upstream growth factors act in parallel with Wnt to stabilize Pygo2. Taken together, our findings highlight chromatin regulator Pygo2 as a common node downstream of oncogenic Wnt and Akt signaling pathways and underscore posttranslational modification, particularly phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, as a significant mode of regulation of Pygo2 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Li
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, the State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Center for Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Yuewei Li
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Bingnan Gu
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Shilai Bao
- the State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Center for Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697,
| | - Xing Dai
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry,
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Zhao W, Jiang B, Hu H, Zhang S, Lv S, Yuan J, Qian Y, Zou Y, Li X, Jiang H, Liu F, Shao C, Gong Y. Lack of CUL4B leads to increased abundance of GFAP-positive cells that is mediated by PTGDS in mouse brain. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4686-97. [PMID: 26025376 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the mammalian brain and are important for the functions of the central nervous system. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is regarded as a hallmark of mature astrocytes, though some GFPA-positive cells may act as neural stem cells. Missense heterozygous mutations in GFAP cause Alexander disease that manifests leukodystrophy and intellectual disability. Here, we show that CUL4B, a scaffold protein that assembles E3 ubiquitin ligase, represses the expression of GFAP in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during brain development. Lack of Cul4b in NPCs in cultures led to increased generation of astrocytes, marked by GFAP and S100β. The GFAP+ cells were also found to be more abundant in the brains of nervous system-specific Cul4b knockout mice in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that the increased generation of GFAP+ cells from Cul4b-null NPCs was mediated by an upregulation of prostaglandin D2 synthase PTGDS. We showed that the increased GFAP expression can be attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of the PTGDS enzymatic activity or by shRNA-mediated knockdown of Ptgds. Importantly, exogenously added PTGDS could promote the generation of GFAP+ cells from wild-type NPCs. We further observed that Ptgds is targeted and repressed by the CUL4B/PRC2 complex. Together, our results demonstrate CUL4B as a negative regulator of GFAP expression during neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Baichun Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Huili Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shuqian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shuaishuai Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jupeng Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yanyan Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yongxin Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China and
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China,
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China,
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Yi J, Lu G, Li L, Wang X, Cao L, Lin M, Zhang S, Shao G. DNA damage-induced activation of CUL4B targets HUWE1 for proteasomal degradation. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4579-90. [PMID: 25883150 PMCID: PMC4482080 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1/Mule/ARF-BP1 plays an important role in integrating/coordinating diverse cellular processes such as DNA damage repair and apoptosis. A previous study has shown that HUWE1 is required for the early step of DNA damage-induced apoptosis, by targeting MCL-1 for proteasomal degradation. However, HUWE1 is subsequently inactivated, promoting cell survival and the subsequent DNA damage repair process. The mechanism underlying its regulation during this process remains largely undefined. Here, we show that the Cullin4B-RING E3 ligase (CRL4B) is required for proteasomal degradation of HUWE1 in response to DNA damage. CUL4B is activated in a NEDD8-dependent manner, and ubiquitinates HUWE1 in vitro and in vivo. The depletion of CUL4B stabilizes HUWE1, which in turn accelerates the degradation of MCL-1, leading to increased induction of apoptosis. Accordingly, cells deficient in CUL4B showed increased sensitivity to DNA damage reagents. More importantly, upon CUL4B depletion, these phenotypes can be rescued through simultaneous depletion of HUWE1, consistent with the role of CUL4B in regulating HUWE1. Collectively, these results identify CRL4B as an essential E3 ligase in targeting the proteasomal degradation of HUWE1 in response to DNA damage, and provide a potential strategy for cancer therapy by targeting HUWE1 and the CUL4B E3 ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Institute of Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guang Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sha Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Genze Shao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China Institute of Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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36
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Autosomal Recessive Ataxias Due to Defects in DNA Repair. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Maginn EN, de Sousa CH, Wasan HS, Stronach EA. Opportunities for translation: targeting DNA repair pathways in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:45-54. [PMID: 24727386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the poorest prognosis neoplasms. It is typified by high levels of genomic aberrations and copy-number variation, intra-tumoural heterogeneity and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Improved therapeutic options, ideally targeted against cancer-specific biological mechanisms, are urgently needed. Although induction of DNA damage and/or modulation of DNA damage response pathways are associated with the activity of a number of conventional PDAC chemotherapies, the effectiveness of this approach in the treatment of PDAC has not been comprehensively reviewed. Here, we review chemotherapeutic agents that have shown anti-cancer activity in PDAC and whose mechanisms of action involve modulation of DNA repair pathways. In addition, we highlight novel potential targets within these pathways based on the emerging understanding of PDAC biology and their exploitation as targets in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaina N Maginn
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
| | - Camila H de Sousa
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Harpreet S Wasan
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Euan A Stronach
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Srivastava AK, Schwartz CE. Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders: causal genes and molecular mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 2:161-74. [PMID: 24709068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are the most common developmental disorders present in humans. Combined, they affect between 3 and 5% of the population. Additionally, they can be found together in the same individual thereby complicating treatment. The causative factors (genes, epigenetic and environmental) are quite varied and likely interact so as to further complicate the assessment of an individual patient. Nonetheless, much valuable information has been gained by identifying candidate genes for ID or ASD. Understanding the etiology of either ID or ASD is of utmost importance for families. It allows a determination of the risk of recurrence, the possibility of other comorbidity medical problems, the molecular and cellular nature of the pathobiology and hopefully potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Srivastava
- J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Charles E Schwartz
- J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA.
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Thirunavukarasou A, Singh P, Govindarajalu G, Bandi V, Baluchamy S. E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin4B mediated polyubiquitination of p53 for its degradation. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 390:93-100. [PMID: 24452595 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-1960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Controlled protein ubiquitination through E3 ubiquitin ligases and degradation via 26S proteasome machinery is required for orderly progression through cell cycle, chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and development. Each cullin-dependent ubiquitin ligase (E3) complex can recruit various substrates for their degradation. Cullin 4A (CUL4A) and Cullin 4B (CUL4B) are members of cullin family proteins that mediate ubiquitin dependent proteolysis. Though, these two cul4 genes are functionally redundant, Cullin 4B is not a substitute for all the Cullin 4A functions. Published report has shown that CUL4A interacts with p53 and induces its decay. Although, CUL4A has been known to control several cellular processes, little is known about CUL4B functions. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the role of CUL4B on p53 polyubiquitination. Our stable cell line and transient transfection studies show that CUL4B indeed interacts with p53 and induces its polyubiquitination. Importantly, both CUL4A and CUL4B overexpressing cells show almost equal levels of p53 polyubiquitination. Moreover, we observed an increased level of polyubiquitination on p53 in CUL4B overexpressing stable cell line upon treatment with siRNA specific for CUL4A indicating that CUL4B plays a vital role in p53 stability. In addition, we have observed the differential expression of CUL4B in various eukaryotic cell lines and mouse tissues suggesting the important role of CUL4B in various tissues. Together, these observations establish an important negative regulatory role of CUL4B on p53 stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Thirunavukarasou
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, R. V. Nagar, Kalapet, 605014, Pondicherry, India
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40
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Jiang T, Tang HM, Wu ZH, Chen J, Lu S, Zhou CZ, Yan DW, Peng ZH. Cullin 4B is a novel prognostic marker that correlates with colon cancer progression and pathogenesis. Med Oncol 2013; 30:534. [PMID: 23649548 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cullin 4B (CUL4B), a scaffold protein of the Cullin4B-RING E3 ligase complex, functions in proteolysis. The present study aims to investigate its expression pattern and evaluate whether CUL4B expression was associated with histopathological and prognosis in the patients with colon cancer. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to identify CUL4B expression in tumor tissue and the paired adjacent normal mucosa from patients with colon cancer. Immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 203 cases of colon cancer was performed to analyze the association between CUL4B expression and clinicopathological features. Results indicated that CUL4B mRNA and protein levels in tumor tissues were both higher than that in normal mucosae (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical study displayed that high CUL4B expression was significantly associated with the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, histological differentiation, vascular invasion, and advanced tumor stage. Patients with CUL4B-positive tumors had a higher recurrence rate and poorer survival than patients with CUL4B-negative tumors. In multivariate analyses, CUL4B expression was an independent factor for determining colon cancer prognosis after surgery. In conclusion, CUL4B might promote the progression of colon cancer and can be served as a novel independent prognostic marker for the prediction of recurrence in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
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41
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ATM deficiency results in accumulation of DNA-topoisomerase I covalent intermediates in neural cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58239. [PMID: 23626666 PMCID: PMC3634035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of peptide-linked DNA breaks contributes to neurodegeration in humans. This is typified by defects in tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) and human hereditary ataxia. TDP1 primarily operates at single-strand breaks (SSBs) created by oxidative stress or by collision of transcription machinery with topoisomerase I intermediates (Top1-CCs). Cellular and cell-free studies have shown that Top1 at stalled Top1-CCs is first degraded to a small peptide resulting in Top1-SSBs, which are the primary substrates for TDP1. Here we established an assay to directly compare Top1-SSBs and Top1-CCs. We subsequently employed this assay to reveal an increased steady state level of Top1-CCs in neural cells lacking Atm; the protein mutated in ataxia telangiectasia. Our data suggest that the accumulation of endogenous Top1-CCs in Atm-/- neural cells is primarily due to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. Biochemical purification of Top1-CCs from neural cell extract and the use of Top1 poisons further confirmed a role for Atm during the formation/resolution of Top1-CCs. Finally, we report that global transcription is reduced in Atm-/- neural cells and fails to recover to normal levels following Top1-mediated DNA damage. Together, these data identify a distinct role for ATM during the formation/resolution of neural Top1-CCs and suggest that their accumulation contributes to the neuropathology of ataxia telangiectasia.
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42
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Sertic S, Evolvi C, Tumini E, Plevani P, Muzi-Falconi M, Rotondo G. Non-canonical CRL4A/4B(CDT2) interacts with RAD18 to modulate post replication repair and cell survival. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60000. [PMID: 23555860 PMCID: PMC3612035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cullin-4CDT2 E3 ubiquitin ligase plays an essential role in DNA replication origin licensing directing degradation of several licensing factors at the G1/S transition in order to prevent DNA re-replication. Recently a RAD18-independent role of Cullin-4CDT2 in PCNA monoubiquitylation has been proposed. In an effort to better understand the function of Cullin-4CDT2 E3 ubiquitin ligase in mammalian Post-Replication Repair during an unperturbed S-phase, we show that down-regulation of Cullin-4CDT2 leads to two distinguishable independent phenotypes in human cells that unveil at least two independent roles of Cullin-4CDT2 in S-phase. Apart from the re-replication preventing activity, we identified a non-canonical Cullin-4CDT2 complex, containing both CUL4A and CUL4B, associated to the COP9 signalosome, that controls a RAD18-dependent damage avoidance pathway essential during an unperturbed S-phase. Indeed, we show that the non-canonical Cullin-4A/4BCDT2 complex binds to RAD18 and it is required to modulate RAD18 protein levels onto chromatin and the consequent dynamics of PCNA monoubiquitylation during a normal S-phase. This function prevents replication stress, ATR hyper-signaling and, ultimately, apoptosis. A very similar PRR regulatory mechanism has been recently described for Spartan. Our findings uncover a finely regulated process in mammalian cells involving Post-Replication Repair factors, COP9 signalosome and a non-canonical Cullin4-based E3 ligase which is essential to tolerate spontaneous damage and for cell survival during physiological DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sertic
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Evolvi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tumini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Plevani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Muzi-Falconi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail: (MM-F); (GR)
| | - Giuseppe Rotondo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail: (MM-F); (GR)
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He F, Lu D, Jiang B, Wang Y, Liu Q, Liu Q, Shao C, Li X, Gong Y. X-linked intellectual disability gene CUL4B targets Jab1/CSN5 for degradation and regulates bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:595-605. [PMID: 23357576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cullin 4B (CUL4B) is a scaffold protein involved in the assembly of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase (E3) complexes. Contemporary reports have identified multiple mutations of CUL4B gene as being causally associated with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). Identifying the specific protein substrates will help to better understand the physiological functions of CUL4B. The current study identified Jun activation domain-binding protein (Jab1/CSN5) in the COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex as a novel proteolytic target for the CUL4B ubiquitin ligase complex. The impaired degradation of Jab1 was observed in cells after RNAi-mediated CUL4B depletion. Integrity of DDB1-CUL4B-ROC1 was further demonstrated to be indispensable for the degradation of Jab1. In addition, the degradation of Jab1 is independent of CUL4A, a cullin family member closely related to CUL4B. In vitro and in vivo ubiquitination assays revealed that CUL4B promoted the polyubiquitination of Jab1. Interestingly, CUL4B-silenced cells were shown to exhibit abnormal upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Furthermore, in vivo studies of embryonic fibroblasts in Cul4b-deficient mice demonstrated Jab1 accumulation and increased activation of the BMP signaling pathway. Together, the current findings demonstrate the CUL4B E3 ubiquitin ligase plays a key role in targeting Jab1 for degradation, potentially revealing a previously undocumented mechanism for regulation of the BMP signaling pathway involved with the CUL4B-based E3 complex. This observation may provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CUL4B-associated XLID pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan He
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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44
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Lin RK, Ho CW, Liu LF, Lyu YL. Topoisomerase IIβ deficiency enhances camptothecin-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7182-92. [PMID: 23344961 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.415471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT), a topoisomerase (Top) I-targeting drug that stabilizes Top1-DNA covalent adducts, can induce S-phase-specific cytotoxicity due to the arrest of progressing replication forks. However, CPT-induced non-S-phase cytotoxicity is less well characterized. In this study, we have identified topoisomerase IIβ (Top2β) as a specific determinant for CPT sensitivity, but not for many other cytotoxic agents, in non-S-phase cells. First, quiescent mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking Top2β were shown to be hypersensitive to CPT with prominent induction of apoptosis. Second, ICRF-187, a Top2 catalytic inhibitor known to deplete Top2β, specifically sensitized MEFs to CPT. To explore the molecular basis for CPT hypersensitivity in Top2β-deficient cells, we found that upon CPT exposure, the RNA polymerase II large subunit (RNAP LS) became progressively depleted, followed by recovery to nearly the original level in wild-type MEFs, whereas RNAP LS remained depleted without recovery in Top2β-deficient cells. Concomitant with the reduction of the RNAP LS level, the p53 protein level was greatly induced. Interestingly, RNAP LS depletion has been well documented to lead to p53-dependent apoptosis. Altogether, our findings support a model in which Top2β deficiency promotes CPT-induced apoptosis in quiescent non-S-phase cells, possibly due to RNAP LS depletion and p53 accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Kuo Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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45
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Tomicic MT, Kaina B. Topoisomerase degradation, DSB repair, p53 and IAPs in cancer cell resistance to camptothecin-like topoisomerase I inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1835:11-27. [PMID: 23006513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors applied in cancer therapy such as topotecan and irinotecan are derivatives of the natural alkaloid camptothecin (CPT). The mechanism of CPT poisoning of TOP1 rests on inhibition of the re-ligation function of the enzyme resulting in the stabilization of the TOP1-cleavable complex. In the presence of CPTs this enzyme-DNA complex impairs transcription and DNA replication, resulting in fork stalling and the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in proliferating cells. As with most chemotherapeutics, intrinsic and acquired drug resistance represents a hurdle that limits the success of CPT therapy. Preclinical data indicate that resistance to CPT-based drugs might be caused by factors such as (a) poor drug accumulation in the tumor, (b) high rate of drug efflux, (c) mutations in TOP1 leading to failure in CPT docking, or (d) altered signaling triggered by the drug-TOP1-DNA complex, (e) expression of DNA repair proteins, and (f) failure to activate cell death pathways. This review will focus on the issues (d-f). We discuss degradation of TOP1 as part of the repair pathway in the processing of TOP1 associated DNA damage, give a summary of proteins involved in repair of CPT-induced replication mediated DSB, and highlight the role of p53 and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), particularly XIAP and survivin, in cancer cell resistance to CPT-like chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja T Tomicic
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany.
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46
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Liu HC, Enikolopov G, Chen Y. Cul4B regulates neural progenitor cell growth. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:112. [PMID: 22992378 PMCID: PMC3506489 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cullin ubiquitin ligases are activated via the covalent modification of Cullins by the small ubiquitin-like protein nedd8 in a process called neddylation. Genetic mutations of cullin-4b (cul4b) cause a prevalent type of X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) in males, but the physiological function of Cul4B in neuronal cells remains unclear. Results There are three major isoforms of Cul4B (1, 2, and 3) in human and rodent tissues. By examining the endogenous Cul4B isoforms in the brain, this study demonstrates that Cul4B-1 and Cul4B-2 isoforms are unneddylated and more abundant in the brain whereas the lesser species Cul4B-3 that misses the N-terminus present in the other two isoforms is neddylated. The data suggest that the N-terminus of Cul4B inhibits neddylation in the larger isoforms. Immunostaining of human NT-2 cells also shows that most Cul4B is unneddylated, especially when it is localized in the process in G0-synchronized cells. This study demonstrates that Cul4B accumulates during mitosis and downregulation of Cul4B arrests NPCs and NT-2 cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In both human and rodent brain tissues, Cul4B-positive cells accumulate β-catenin in the dentate subgranular zone and the subventricular zone. These Cul4B-positive cells also co-express the MPM-2 mitotic epitope, suggesting that Cul4B is also necessary for mitosis progression in vivo. Conclusions This study provides first evidence that unneddylated Cul4B isoforms exist in the brain and are necessary for mitosis progression in NPCs. The data suggest that unneddylated Cul4B isoforms specifically inhibits β-catenin degradation during mitosis. Furthermore, unneddylated Cul4B may play a role in addition to cell cycle since it is exclusively localized to the processes in starved NT-2 cells. Further analyses of the different isoforms of Cul4B will help understand the cognitive deficits in Cul4B-linked XLID and give insights into drug and biomarker discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio C Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Slot 807, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Baptista MS, Duarte CB, Maciel P. Role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in nervous system function and disease: using C. elegans as a dissecting tool. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2691-715. [PMID: 22382927 PMCID: PMC11115168 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its central roles in protein quality control, regulation of cell cycle, intracellular signaling, DNA damage response and transcription regulation, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays specific roles in the nervous system, where it contributes to precise connectivity through development, and later assures functionality by regulating a wide spectrum of neuron-specific cellular processes. Aberrations in this system have been implicated in the etiology of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we provide an updated view on the UPS and highlight recent findings concerning its role in normal and diseased nervous systems. We discuss the advantages of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans as a tool to unravel the major unsolved questions concerning this biochemical pathway and its involvement in nervous system function and dysfunction, and expose the new possibilities, using state-of-the-art techniques, to assess UPS function using this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio S Baptista
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Chen CY, Tsai MS, Lin CY, Yu IS, Chen YT, Lin SR, Juan LW, Chen YT, Hsu HM, Lee LJ, Lin SW. Rescue of the genetically engineered Cul4b mutant mouse as a potential model for human X-linked mental retardation. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4270-85. [PMID: 22763239 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in CUL4B, which encodes a scaffold protein of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, has been found in patients with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). However, early deletion of Cul4b in mice causes prenatal lethality, which has frustrated attempts to characterize the phenotypes in vivo. In this report, we successfully rescued Cul4b mutant mice by crossing female mice in which exons 4-5 of Cul4b were flanked by loxP sequences with Sox2-Cre male mice. In Cul4b-deficient (Cul4b(Δ)/Y) mice, no CUL4B protein was detected in any of the major organs, including the brain. In the hippocampus, the levels of CUL4A, CUL4B substrates (TOP1, β-catenin, cyclin E and WDR5) and neuronal markers (MAP2, tau-1, GAP-43, PSD95 and syn-1) were not sensitive to Cul4b deletion, whereas the number of parvalbumin (PV)-positive GABAergic interneurons was decreased in Cul4b(Δ)/Y mice, especially in the dentate gyrus (DG). Some dendritic features, including the complexity, diameter and spine density in the CA1 and DG hippocampal neurons, were also affected by Cul4b deletion. Together, the decrease in the number of PV-positive neurons and altered dendritic properties in Cul4b(Δ)/Y mice imply a reduction in inhibitory regulation and dendritic integration in the hippocampal neural circuit, which lead to increased epileptic susceptibility and spatial learning deficits. Our results identify Cul4b(Δ)/Y mice as a potential model for the non-syndromic model of XLMR that replicates the CUL4B-associated MR and is valuable for the development of a therapeutic strategy for treating MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Jiang B, Zhao W, Yuan J, Qian Y, Sun W, Zou Y, Guo C, Chen B, Shao C, Gong Y. Lack of Cul4b, an E3 ubiquitin ligase component, leads to embryonic lethality and abnormal placental development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37070. [PMID: 22606329 PMCID: PMC3351389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) complexes participate in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, transcription, signal transduction and development. Serving as the scaffold protein, cullins are crucial for the assembly of ligase complexes, which recognize and target various substrates for proteosomal degradation. Mutations in human CUL4B, one of the eight members in cullin family, are one of the major causes of X-linked mental retardation. We here report the generation and characterization of Cul4b knockout mice, in which exons 3 to 5 were deleted. In contrast to the survival to adulthood of human hemizygous males with CUL4B null mutation, Cul4b null mouse embryos show severe developmental arrest and usually die before embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5). Accumulation of cyclin E, a CRL (CUL4B) substrate, was observed in Cul4b null embryos. Cul4b heterozygotes were recovered at a reduced ratio and exhibited a severe developmental delay. The placentas in Cul4b heterozygotes were disorganized and were impaired in vascularization, which may contribute to the developmental delay. As in human CUL4B heterozygotes, Cul4b null cells were selected against in Cul4b heterozygotes, leading to various degrees of skewed X-inactivation in different tissues. Together, our results showed that CUL4B is indispensable for embryonic development in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jupeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanyan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chenhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bingxi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (YG); (CS)
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (YG); (CS)
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Abstract
Cullin/RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL) comprise the largest subfamily of ubiquitin ligases. CRLs are involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, DNA damage response (DDR), development, immune response, transcriptional regulation, circadian rhythm, viral infection, and protein quality control. One of the main functions of CRLs is to regulate the DDR, a fundamental signaling cascade that maintains genome integrity. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of CRL ubiquitin ligases and their roles in control of the DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Mei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX, USA
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