1
|
Parashar A, Jha D, Mehta V, Chauhan B, Ghosh P, Deb PK, Jaiswal M, Prajapati SK. Sonic hedgehog signalling pathway contributes in age-related disorders and Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102271. [PMID: 38492808 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by the aging process and manifested by cognitive deficits and progressive memory loss. During aging, several conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, and cholesterol, have been identified as potential causes of AD by affecting Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling. In addition to being essential for cell differentiation and proliferation, Shh signalling is involved in tissue repair and the prevention of neurodegeneration. Neurogenesis is dependent on Shh signalling; inhibition of this pathway results in neurodegeneration. Several protein-protein interactions that are involved in Shh signalling are implicated in the pathophysiology of AD like overexpression of the protein nexin-1 inhibits the Shh pathway in AD. A protein called Growth Arrest Specific-1 works with another protein called cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) to boost Shh signalling. CDO is involved in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Shh signalling strengthened the blood brain barrier and therefore prevent the entry of amyloid beta and other toxins to the brain from periphery. Further, several traditional remedies used for AD and dementia, including Epigallocatechin gallate, yokukansan, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, salvianolic acid, and baicalin, are known to stimulate the Shh pathway. In this review, we elaborated that the Shh signalling exerts a substantial influence on the pathogenesis of AD. In this article, we have tried to explore the various possible connections between the Shh signalling and various known pathologies of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Parashar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan 173 212, India.
| | - Dhruv Jha
- Birla Institute of Technology, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171207, India
| | - Bonney Chauhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan 173 212, India
| | - Pappu Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan 173 212, India
| | - Prashanta Kumar Deb
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan 173 212, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fraxetin Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of Glioma Cells by Inactivating JAK2/STAT3 Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5540139. [PMID: 33959183 PMCID: PMC8075667 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5540139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common brain tumor and is characterized by high mortality rates, high recurrence rates, and short survival time. Migration and invasion are the basic features of gliomas. Thus, inhibition of migration and invasion may be beneficial for the treatment of patients with glioma. Due to its antitumor activity and chemical reactivity, fraxetin has attracted extensive interest and has been proven to be an effective antitumor agent in various cancer types. However, currently, the potential effects of fraxetin on glioma have not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that fraxetin can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of glioma and induce apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, these findings establish fraxetin as a drug candidate for glioma treatment. Furthermore, fraxetin was able to effectively inhibit the JAK2/STAT3 signaling in glioma. In summary, our results show that fraxetin inhibits proliferation, invasion, and migration of glioma by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling and inducing apoptosis of glioma cells. The present study provides a solid basis for the development of new glioma therapies.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang F, Wei J, Li X, Ma C, Gao Y. Early Candidate Urine Biomarkers for Detecting Alzheimer’s Disease Before Amyloid-β Plaque Deposition in an APP (swe)/PSEN1dE9 Transgenic Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 66:613-637. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanshuang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Xundou Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center; Joint Laboratory of Anesthesia and Pain, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Expression of Gas1 in Mouse Brain: Release and Role in Neuronal Differentiation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:841-859. [PMID: 29110208 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Growth arrest-specific 1 (Gas1) is a pleiotropic protein that induces apoptosis of tumor cells and has important roles during development. Recently, the presence of two forms of Gas1 was reported: one attached to the cell membrane by a GPI anchor; and a soluble extracellular form shed by cells. Previously, we showed that Gas1 is expressed in different areas of the adult mouse CNS. Here, we report the levels of Gas1 mRNA protein in different regions and analyzed its expressions in glutamatergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic neurons. We found that Gas1 is expressed in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the Purkinje-molecular layer of the cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus, and fastigial nucleus, as well as in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. In all cases, Gas1 was found in the cell bodies, but not in the neuropil. The Purkinje and the molecular layers show the highest levels of Gas1, whereas the granule cell layer has low levels. Moreover, we detected the expression and release of Gas1 from primary cultures of Purkinje cells and from hippocampal neurons as well as from neuronal cell lines, but not from cerebellar granular cells. In addition, using SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with retinoic acid as a neuronal model, we found that extracellular Gas1 promotes neurite outgrowth, increases the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, and stimulates the inhibition of GSK3β. These findings demonstrate that Gas1 is expressed and released by neurons and promotes differentiation, suggesting an important role for Gas1 in cellular signaling in the CNS.
Collapse
|
5
|
Genome-wide, high-content siRNA screening identifies the Alzheimer's genetic risk factor FERMT2 as a major modulator of APP metabolism. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:955-966. [PMID: 27933404 PMCID: PMC5427165 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified 19 susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, understanding how these genes are involved in the pathophysiology of AD is one of the main challenges of the "post-GWAS" era. At least 123 genes are located within the 19 susceptibility loci; hence, a conventional approach (studying the genes one by one) would not be time- and cost-effective. We therefore developed a genome-wide, high-content siRNA screening approach and used it to assess the functional impact of gene under-expression on APP metabolism. We found that 832 genes modulated APP metabolism. Eight of these genes were located within AD susceptibility loci. Only FERMT2 (a β3-integrin co-activator) was also significantly associated with a variation in cerebrospinal fluid Aβ peptide levels in 2886 AD cases. Lastly, we showed that the under-expression of FERMT2 increases Aβ peptide production by raising levels of mature APP at the cell surface and facilitating its recycling. Taken as a whole, our data suggest that FERMT2 modulates the AD risk by regulating APP metabolism and Aβ peptide production.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sankowski R, Herring A, Keyvani K, Frenzel K, Wu J, Röskam S, Noelker C, Bacher M, Al-Abed Y. The multi-target effects of CNI-1493: convergence of anti-amylodogenic and anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Med 2016; 22:776-788. [PMID: 27847962 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
After several decades of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research and failed clinical trials, one can speculate that targeting a single pathway is not sufficient. However, a cocktail of novel therapeutics will constitute a challenging clinical trial. A more plausible approach will capitalize on a drug that has relevant and synergistic multiple-target effects in AD. We have previously demonstrated the efficacy of CNI-1493 in the CRND8 transgenic AD mouse model. Similar to many anti-inflammatory drugs that were tested in preclinical model of AD, it was speculated that the significant effect of CNI-1493 is due to its established anti-inflammatory properties in rodents and humans. In the present study, we set out to elucidate the protective mechanism of CNI-1493 as a drug simultaneously targeting several aspects of AD pathology. Using C1213, a highly similar analogue of CNI-1493 that lacks anti-inflammatory properties, we show that both compounds directly interact with soluble and insoluble Amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates and attenuate Aβ cytotoxicity in vitro. Additionally, CNI-1493 and C1213 ameliorated Aβ-induced behavioral deficits in nematodes. Finally, C1213 reduced Aβ plaque burden and cognitive deficits in transgenic CRND8 mice to a similar extent as previously shown with CNI-1493. Taken together, our findings suggest anti-amyloidogenic activity as a relevant component for the in-vivo efficacy of CNI-1493 and its analogue C1213. Thus, CNI-1493, a drug with proven safety in humans, is a viable candidate for novel multi-target therapeutic approaches to AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sankowski
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Arne Herring
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Frenzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 64, D-79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jinyu Wu
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Stephan Röskam
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Social Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Noelker
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu XY, He YJ, Yang QH, Huang W, Liu ZH, Ye GR, Tang SH, Shu JC. Induction of autophagy and apoptosis by miR-148a through the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in hepatic stellate cells. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2569-2589. [PMID: 26609469 PMCID: PMC4633891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved biological process that is activated in response to stress. Increasing evidence indicate that dysregulated miRNAs significantly contribute to autophagy and are thus implicated in various pathological conditions, including hepatic fibrosis. MiR-148a, a member of the miR-148/152 family, has been found to be downregulated in hepatic fibrosis and human hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of miR-148a in the development of hepatic fibrosis remains largely unknown. In this study, we describe the epigenetic regulation of miR-148a and its impact on autophagy in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), exploring new targets of miR-148a. We found that miR-148a expression was significantly increased under starvation-induced conditions in LX-2 and T-6 cells. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-148a suppressed target gene expression by directly interacting with the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of growth arrest-specific gene 1 (Gas1) transcripts. Intriguingly, Gas1, which encodes a Hedgehog surface binding receptor and facilitates the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, inhibited autophagosome synthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrated a novel function for miR-148a as a potent inducer of autophagy in HSCs. Overexpressing of miR-148a increased autophagic activity, which inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in HSCs. In conclusion, these data support a novel role for miR-148a as a key regulator of autophagy through the Hh signaling pathway, making miR-148a a potential candidate for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-You Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Red Cross HospitalGuangzhou 510220, China
| | - Ya-Jun He
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Red Cross HospitalGuangzhou 510220, China
| | - Qi-Hong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Red Cross HospitalGuangzhou 510220, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhi-He Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Red Cross HospitalGuangzhou 510220, China
| | - Guo-Rong Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Red Cross HospitalGuangzhou 510220, China
| | - Shao-Hui Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jian-Chang Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Red Cross HospitalGuangzhou 510220, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vingtdeux V, Chandakkar P, Zhao H, Blanc L, Ruiz S, Marambaud P. CALHM1 ion channel elicits amyloid-β clearance by insulin-degrading enzyme in cell lines and in vivo in the mouse brain. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2330-8. [PMID: 25999473 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.167270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide accumulation in the brain. CALHM1, a cell-surface Ca(2+) channel expressed in brain neurons, has anti-amyloidogenic properties in cell cultures. Here, we show that CALHM1 controls Aβ levels in vivo in the mouse brain through a previously unrecognized mechanism of regulation of Aβ clearance. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches in cell lines, we found that CALHM1 ion permeability and extracellular Ca(2+) were required for the Aβ-lowering effect of CALHM1. Aβ level reduction by CALHM1 could be explained by an increase in extracellular Aβ degradation by insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), extracellular secretion of which was strongly potentiated by CALHM1 activation. Importantly, Calhm1 knockout in mice reduced IDE enzymatic activity in the brain, and increased endogenous Aβ concentrations by up to ∼50% in both the whole brain and primary neurons. Thus, CALHM1 controls Aβ levels in cell lines and in vivo by facilitating neuronal and Ca(2+)-dependent degradation of extracellular Aβ by IDE. This work identifies CALHM1 ion channel as a potential target for promoting amyloid clearance in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Vingtdeux
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, Manhasset, New York 11030 USA The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030 USA
| | - Pallavi Chandakkar
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, Manhasset, New York 11030 USA The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030 USA
| | - Haitian Zhao
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, Manhasset, New York 11030 USA The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030 USA
| | - Lionel Blanc
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030 USA
| | - Santiago Ruiz
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, Manhasset, New York 11030 USA The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030 USA
| | - Philippe Marambaud
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, Manhasset, New York 11030 USA The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vingtdeux V, Tanis JE, Chandakkar P, Zhao H, Dreses-Werringloer U, Campagne F, Foskett JK, Marambaud P. Effect of the CALHM1 G330D and R154H human variants on the control of cytosolic Ca2+ and Aβ levels. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112484. [PMID: 25386646 PMCID: PMC4227689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CALHM1 is a plasma membrane voltage-gated Ca2+-permeable ion channel that controls amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism and is potentially involved in the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, Rubio-Moscardo et al. (PLoS One (2013) 8: e74203) reported the identification of two CALHM1 variants, G330D and R154H, in early-onset AD (EOAD) patients. The authors provided evidence that these two human variants were rare and resulted in a complete loss of CALHM1 function. Recent publicly available large-scale exome sequencing data confirmed that R154H is a rare CALHM1 variant (minor allele frequency (MAF) = 0.015%), but that G330D is not (MAF = 3.5% in an African American cohort). Here, we show that both CALHM1 variants exhibited gating and permeation properties indistinguishable from wild-type CALHM1 when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. While there was also no effect of the G330D mutation on Ca2+ uptake by CALHM1 in transfected mammalian cells, the R154H mutation was associated with defects in the control by CALHM1 of both Ca2+ uptake and Aβ levels in this cell system. Together, our data show that the frequent CALHM1 G330D variant has no obvious functional consequences and is therefore unlikely to contribute to EOAD. Our data also demonstrate that the rare R154H variant interferes with CALHM1 control of cytosolic Ca2+ and Aβ accumulation. While these results strengthen the notion that CALHM1 influences Aβ metabolism, further investigation will be required to determine whether CALHM1 R154H, or other natural variants in CALHM1, is/are associated with EOAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Vingtdeux
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - Jessica E. Tanis
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Pallavi Chandakkar
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - Haitian Zhao
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - Ute Dreses-Werringloer
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - Fabien Campagne
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, The Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - J. Kevin Foskett
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Philippe Marambaud
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lunnon K, Smith R, Hannon E, De Jager P, Srivastava G, Volta M, Troakes C, Al-Sarraj S, Burrage J, Macdonald R, Condliffe D, Harries LW, Katsel P, Haroutunian V, Kaminsky Z, Joachim C, Powell J, Lovestone S, Bennett DA, Schalkwyk L, Mill J. Methylomic profiling implicates cortical deregulation of ANK1 in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:1164-70. [PMID: 25129077 PMCID: PMC4410018 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive neuropathology and cognitive decline. We performed a cross-tissue analysis of methylomic variation in AD using samples from four independent human post-mortem brain cohorts. We identified a differentially methylated region in the ankyrin 1 (ANK1) gene that was associated with neuropathology in the entorhinal cortex, a primary site of AD manifestation. This region was confirmed as being substantially hypermethylated in two other cortical regions (superior temporal gyrus and prefrontal cortex), but not in the cerebellum, a region largely protected from neurodegeneration in AD, or whole blood obtained pre-mortem from the same individuals. Neuropathology-associated ANK1 hypermethylation was subsequently confirmed in cortical samples from three independent brain cohorts. This study represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first epigenome-wide association study of AD employing a sequential replication design across multiple tissues and highlights the power of this approach for identifying methylomic variation associated with complex disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lunnon
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Eilis Hannon
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - Philip De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, USA
| | - Gyan Srivastava
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, USA
| | - Manuela Volta
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Joe Burrage
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - Ruby Macdonald
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Lorna W. Harries
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - Pavel Katsel
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- JJ Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Zachary Kaminsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Catharine Joachim
- Department of Neuropathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Powell
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zarco N, Bautista E, Cuéllar M, Vergara P, Flores-Rodriguez P, Aguilar-Roblero R, Segovia J. Growth arrest specific 1 (GAS1) is abundantly expressed in the adult mouse central nervous system. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 61:731-48. [PMID: 23813868 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413498088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth arrest specific 1 (GAS1) is a pleiotropic protein that induces apoptosis and cell arrest in different tumors, but it is also involved in the development of the nervous system and other tissues and organs. This dual ability is likely caused by its capacity to interact both by inhibiting the intracellular signaling cascade induced by glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor and by facilitating the activity of the sonic hedgehog pathway. The presence of GAS1 mRNA has been described in adult mouse brain, and here we corroborated this observation. We then proceeded to determine the distribution of the protein in the adult central nervous system (CNS). We detected, by western blot analysis, expression of GAS1 in olfactory bulb, caudate-putamen, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, mesencephalon, medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord. To more carefully map the expression of GAS1, we performed double-label immunohistochemistry and noticed expression of GAS1 in neurons in all brain areas examined. We also observed expression of GAS1 in astroglial cells, albeit the pattern of expression was more restricted than that seen in neurons. Briefly, in the present article, we report the widespread distribution and cellular localization of the GAS1 native protein in adult mammalian CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Zarco
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (NZ,EB,PV,PF-R,JS)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hayes CD, Dey D, Palavicini JP, Wang H, Patkar KA, Minond D, Nefzi A, Lakshmana MK. Striking reduction of amyloid plaque burden in an Alzheimer's mouse model after chronic administration of carmustine. BMC Med 2013; 11:81. [PMID: 23531149 PMCID: PMC3655051 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently available therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) do not treat the underlying cause of AD. Anecdotal observations in nursing homes from multiple studies strongly suggest an inverse relationship between cancer and AD. Therefore, we reasoned that oncology drugs may be effective against AD. METHODS We screened a library of all the FDA-approved oncology drugs and identified bis-chloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU or carmustine) as an effective amyloid beta (Aβ) reducing compound. To quantify Aβ levels, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing amyloid precursor protein 751WT (APP751WT) called 7WD10 cells were exposed to different concentrations of BCNU for 48 hours and the conditioned media were collected. To detect Aβ the conditioned media were immunoprecipitated with Ab9 antibody and subjected to immunoblot detection. Amyloid plaques were quantified in the brains of a mouse model of AD after chronic exposure to BCNU by thoflavin S staining. RESULTS BCNU decreased normalized levels of Aβ starting from 5 μM by 39% (P < 0.05), 10 μM by 51% (P < 0.01) and 20 μM by 63% (P < 0.01) in CHO cells compared to a control group treated with butyl amine, a structural derivative of BCNU. Interestingly, soluble amyloid precursor protein α (sAPPα) levels were increased to 167% (P < 0.01) at 0.5 μM, 186% (P < 0.05) at 1 μM, 204% (P < 0.01) at 5 μM and 152% (P < 0.05) at 10 μM compared to untreated cells. We also tested the effects of 12 structural derivatives of BCNU on Aβ levels, but none of them were as potent as BCNU. BCNU treatment at 5 μM led to an accumulation of immature APP at the cell surface resulting in an increased ratio of surface to total APP by 184% for immature APP, but no change in mature APP. It is also remarkable that BCNU reduced Aβ generation independent of secretases which were not altered up to 40 μM. Interestingly, levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) were increased at 5 μM (43%, P < 0.05), 10 μM (73%, P < 0.01) and 20 μM (92%, P < 0.001). Most significantly, cell culture results were confirmed in vivo after chronic administration of BCNU at 0.5 mg/kg which led to the reduction of Aβ40 by 75% and amyloid plaque burden by 81%. Conversely, the levels of sAPPα were increased by 45%. CONCLUSIONS BCNU reduces Aβ generation and plaque burden at non-toxic concentrations possibly through altered intracellular trafficking and processing of APP. Taken together these data provided unequivocal evidence that BCNU is a potent secretase-sparing anti-Aβ drug. See related commentary article here http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/82.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal D Hayes
- Section of Neurobiology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, SW Village Parkway 11350, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chapuis J, Vingtdeux V, Capiralla H, Davies P, Marambaud P. Gas1 interferes with AβPP trafficking by facilitating the accumulation of immature AβPP in endoplasmic reticulum-associated raft subdomains. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 28:127-35. [PMID: 21971401 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-110434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) is a type I transmembrane protein that undergoes maturation during trafficking in the secretory pathway. Proper maturation and trafficking of AβPP are necessary prerequisites for AβPP processing to generate amyloid-β (Aβ), the core component of Alzheimer's disease senile plaques. Recently, we reported that the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein growth arrest-specific 1 (Gas1) binds to and interferes with the maturation and processing of AβPP. Gas1 expression led to a trafficking blockade of AβPP between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi. GPI-anchored proteins can exit the ER by transiting through raft subdomains acting as specialized sorting platforms. Here, we show that Gas1 co-partitioned and formed a complex with AβPP in raft fractions, wherein Gas1 overexpression triggered immature AβPP accumulation. Pharmacological interference of ER to Golgi transport increased immature AβPP accumulation upon Gas1 expression in these raft fractions, which were found to be positive for the COPII protein complex component Sec31A, a specific marker for ER exit sites. Furthermore, a Gas1 mutant lacking the GPI anchor that could not transit through rafts was still able to form a complex with AβPP but did not lead to immature AβPP accumulation in rafts. Together these data show that Gas1 interfered with AβPP trafficking by interacting with AβPP to facilitate its translocation into specialized ER-associated rafts where immature AβPP accumulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Chapuis
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|