1
|
Hirao H, Ito T, Kadono K, Kojima H, Naini BV, Nakamura K, Kageyama S, Busuttil RW, Kupiec‐Weglinski JW, Kaldas FM. Donor Hepatic Occult Collagen Deposition Predisposes to Peritransplant Stress and Impacts Human Liver Transplantation. Hepatology 2021; 74:2759-2773. [PMID: 34170562 PMCID: PMC9291051 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Environmentally triggered chronic liver inflammation can cause collagen deposits, whereas early stages of fibrosis without any specific symptoms could hardly be detectable. We hypothesized that some of the human donor grafts in clinical liver transplantation (LT) might possess unrecognizable fibrosis, affecting their susceptibility to LT-induced stress and hepatocellular damage. This retrospective study aimed to assess the impact of occult hepatic fibrosis on clinical LT outcomes. APPROACH AND RESULTS Human (194) donor liver biopsies were stained for collagen with Sirius red, and positive areas (Sirius red-positive area; SRA) were measured. The body mass index, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio, diabetes score was calculated using 962 cases of the donor data at the procurement. LT outcomes, including ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), early allograft dysfunction (EAD), and survival rates, were analyzed according to SRA and BARD scores. With the median SRA in 194 grafts of 9.4%, grafts were classified into low-SRA (<15%; n = 140) and high-SRA (≥15%; n = 54) groups. Grafts with high SRA suffered from higher rates of IRI and EAD (P < 0.05) as compared to those with low SRA. Interestingly, high SRA was identified as an independent risk factor for EAD and positively correlated with the donor BARD score. When comparing low-BARD (n = 692) with high-BARD (n = 270) grafts in the same period, those with high BARD showed significantly higher post-LT transaminase levels and higher rates of IRI and EAD. CONCLUSIONS These findings from the largest clinical study cohort to date document the essential role of occult collagen deposition in donor livers on LT outcomes. High-SRA and donor BARD scores correlated with an increased incidence of hepatic IRI and EAD in LT recipients. This study provides the rationale for in-depth and prospective assessment of occult fibrosis for refined personalized LT management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hirao
- The Dumont‐UCLA Transplantation CenterDivision of Liver and Pancreas TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Takahiro Ito
- The Dumont‐UCLA Transplantation CenterDivision of Liver and Pancreas TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- The Dumont‐UCLA Transplantation CenterDivision of Liver and Pancreas TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Hidenobu Kojima
- The Dumont‐UCLA Transplantation CenterDivision of Liver and Pancreas TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Bita V. Naini
- Department of PathologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- The Dumont‐UCLA Transplantation CenterDivision of Liver and Pancreas TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA,Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- The Dumont‐UCLA Transplantation CenterDivision of Liver and Pancreas TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA,Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ronald W. Busuttil
- The Dumont‐UCLA Transplantation CenterDivision of Liver and Pancreas TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec‐Weglinski
- The Dumont‐UCLA Transplantation CenterDivision of Liver and Pancreas TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Fady M. Kaldas
- The Dumont‐UCLA Transplantation CenterDivision of Liver and Pancreas TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vignier N, Chatzifrangkeskou M, Pinton L, Wioland H, Marais T, Lemaitre M, Le Dour C, Peccate C, Cardoso D, Schmitt A, Wu W, Biferi MG, Naouar N, Macquart C, Beuvin M, Decostre V, Bonne G, Romet-Lemonne G, Worman HJ, Tedesco FS, Jégou A, Muchir A. The non-muscle ADF/cofilin-1 controls sarcomeric actin filament integrity and force production in striated muscle laminopathies. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109601. [PMID: 34433058 PMCID: PMC8411111 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cofilins are important for the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, sarcomere organization, and force production. The role of cofilin-1, the non-muscle-specific isoform, in muscle function remains unclear. Mutations in LMNA encoding A-type lamins, intermediate filament proteins of the nuclear envelope, cause autosomal Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Here, we report increased cofilin-1 expression in LMNA mutant muscle cells caused by the inability of proteasome degradation, suggesting a protective role by ERK1/2. It is known that phosphorylated ERK1/2 directly binds to and catalyzes phosphorylation of the actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin-1 on Thr25. In vivo ectopic expression of cofilin-1, as well as its phosphorylated form on Thr25, impairs sarcomere structure and force generation. These findings present a mechanism that provides insight into the molecular pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies caused by LMNA mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vignier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Maria Chatzifrangkeskou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Luca Pinton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hugo Wioland
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Marais
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mégane Lemaitre
- Sorbonne Université, UMS28, Phénotypage du Petit Animal, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Dour
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Peccate
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Déborah Cardoso
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alain Schmitt
- Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Cochin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria-Grazia Biferi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Naïra Naouar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Coline Macquart
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Maud Beuvin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Decostre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK; Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Antoine Jégou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Packer D, Martin PT. Micro-laminin gene therapy can function as an inhibitor of muscle disease in the dy W mouse model of MDC1A. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 21:274-287. [PMID: 33869655 PMCID: PMC8026908 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gene replacement for laminin-α2-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy 1A (MDC1A) is currently not possible using a single adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector due to the large size of the LAMA2 gene. LAMA2 encodes laminin-α2, a subunit of the trimeric laminin-211 extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that is the predominant laminin expressed in skeletal muscle. LAMA2 expression stabilizes skeletal muscle, in part by binding membrane receptors via its five globular (G) domains. We created a small, AAV-deliverable, micro-laminin gene therapy that expresses these G1-5 domains, LAMA2(G1-5), to test their therapeutic efficacy in the dyW mouse model for MDC1A. We also fused the heparin-binding (HB) domain from HB epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) to LAMA2(G1-5) to test whether this would increase muscle ECM expression. dyW mice treated intravenously with rAAV9.CMV.HB-LAMA2(G1-5) showed increased muscle ECM expression of transgenic protein relative to mice treated with rAAV9.CMV.LAMA2(G1-5) and showed improved weight-normalized forelimb grip strength relative to untreated dyW mice. Additionally, dyW muscle fibers expressing either micro-laminin protein showed some measures of reduced pathology, although levels of muscle cell apoptosis and inflammation were not decreased. Although systemic expression of rAAV9.CMV.HB-LAMA2(G1-5) did not inhibit all disease phenotypes, these studies demonstrate the feasibility of using a micro-laminin gene therapy strategy to deliver gene replacement for MDC1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davin Packer
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul T. Martin
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Corresponding author Paul T. Martin, Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43209, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoshida T, Delafontaine P. Mechanisms of IGF-1-Mediated Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091970. [PMID: 32858949 PMCID: PMC7564605 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a key growth factor that regulates both anabolic and catabolic pathways in skeletal muscle. IGF-1 increases skeletal muscle protein synthesis via PI3K/Akt/mTOR and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathways. PI3K/Akt can also inhibit FoxOs and suppress transcription of E3 ubiquitin ligases that regulate ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS)-mediated protein degradation. Autophagy is likely inhibited by IGF-1 via mTOR and FoxO signaling, although the contribution of autophagy regulation in IGF-1-mediated inhibition of skeletal muscle atrophy remains to be determined. Evidence has suggested that IGF-1/Akt can inhibit muscle atrophy-inducing cytokine and myostatin signaling via inhibition of the NF-κΒ and Smad pathways, respectively. Several miRNAs have been found to regulate IGF-1 signaling in skeletal muscle, and these miRs are likely regulated in different pathological conditions and contribute to the development of muscle atrophy. IGF-1 also potentiates skeletal muscle regeneration via activation of skeletal muscle stem (satellite) cells, which may contribute to muscle hypertrophy and/or inhibit atrophy. Importantly, IGF-1 levels and IGF-1R downstream signaling are suppressed in many chronic disease conditions and likely result in muscle atrophy via the combined effects of altered protein synthesis, UPS activity, autophagy, and muscle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yoshida
- Heart and Vascular Institute, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-48, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (P.D.)
| | - Patrice Delafontaine
- Heart and Vascular Institute, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-48, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ciecierska A, Motyl T, Sadkowski T. Transcriptomic Profile of Primary Culture of Skeletal Muscle Cells Isolated from Semitendinosus Muscle of Beef and Dairy Bulls. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4794. [PMID: 32645861 PMCID: PMC7369917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify differences in the transcriptomic profiles of primary muscle cell cultures derived from the semitendinosus muscle of bulls of beef breeds (Limousin (LIM) and Hereford (HER)) and a dairy breed (Holstein-Friesian (HF)) (n = 4 for each breed). Finding a common expression pattern for proliferating cells may point to such an early orientation of the cattle beef phenotype at the transcriptome level of unfused myogenic cells. To check this hypothesis, microarray analyses were performed. The analysis revealed 825 upregulated and 1300 downregulated transcripts similar in both beef breeds (LIM and HER) and significantly different when compared with the dairy breed (HF) used as a reference. Ontological analyses showed that the largest group of genes were involved in muscle organ development. Muscle cells of beef breeds showed higher expression of genes involved in myogenesis (including erbb-3, myf5, myog, des, igf-1, tgfb2) and those encoding proteins comprising the contractile apparatus (acta1, actc1, myh3, myh11, myl1, myl2, myl4, tpm1, tnnt2, tnnc1). The obtained results confirmed our hypothesis that the expression profile of several groups of genes is common in beef breeds at the level of proliferating satellite cells but differs from that observed in typical dairy breeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciecierska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Motyl
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sadkowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gawlik KI, Durbeej M. A Family of Laminin α2 Chain-Deficient Mouse Mutants: Advancing the Research on LAMA2-CMD. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:59. [PMID: 32457577 PMCID: PMC7188397 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The research on laminin α2 chain-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD) advanced rapidly in the last few decades, largely due to availability of good mouse models for the disease and a strong interest in preclinical studies from scientists all over the world. These mouse models continue to provide a solid platform for understanding the LAMA2-CMD pathology. In addition, they enable researchers to test laborious, necessary routines, but also the most creative scientific approaches in order to design therapy for this devastating disorder. In this review we present animals belonging to the laminin α2 chain-deficient “dy/dy” mouse family (dy/dy, dy2J/dy2J, dy3K/dy3K, dyW/dyW, et al.) and a summary of the scientific progress they facilitated. We also raise a few questions that need to be addressed in order to maximize the usefulness of laminin α2 murine mutants and to further advance the LAMA2-CMD studies. We believe that research opportunities offered by the mouse models for LAMA2-CMD will continuously support our efforts to find a treatment for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga I Gawlik
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Early skeletal muscle pathology and disease progress in the dy 3K/dy 3K mouse model of congenital muscular dystrophy with laminin α2 chain-deficiency. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14324. [PMID: 31586140 PMCID: PMC6778073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of laminin α2 chain leads to a severe form of congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD), and dystrophic symptoms progress rapidly in early childhood. Currently, there is no treatment for this detrimental disorder. Development of therapies is largely hindered by lack of understanding of mechanisms involved in the disease initiation and progress, both in patients but also in mouse models that are commonly used in the preclinical setup. Here, we unveil the first pathogenic events and characterise the disease development in a mouse model for LAMA2-CMD (dy3K/dy3K), by analysing muscles at perinatal, neonatal and postnatal stages. We found that apoptotic muscle fibres were present as early as postnatal day 1. Other typical dystrophic hallmarks (muscle degeneration, inflammation, and extensive production of the extracellular matrix proteins) were clearly evident already at postnatal day 4, and the highest degree of muscle deterioration was reached by day 7. Interestingly, the severe phenotype of limb muscles partially recovered on days 14 and 21, despite worsening of the general condition of the dy3K/dy3K mouse by that age. We found that masticatory muscles were severely affected in dy3K/dy3K mice and this may be an underlying cause of their malnutrition, which contributes to death around day 21. We also showed that several signalling pathways were affected already in 1-day-old dy3K/dy3K muscle. Therapeutic tests in the dy3K/dy3K mouse model should therefore be initiated shortly after birth, but should also take into account timing and correlation between regenerative and pathogenic events.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nguyen Q, Lim KRQ, Yokota T. Current understanding and treatment of cardiac and skeletal muscle pathology in laminin-α2 chain-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2019; 12:113-130. [PMID: 31308722 PMCID: PMC6618038 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s187481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) is a class of severe early-onset muscular dystrophies affecting skeletal/cardiac muscles as well as the central nervous system (CNS). Laminin-α2 chain-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2 MD), also known as merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A), is an autosomal recessive CMD characterized by severe muscle weakness and degeneration apparent at birth or in the first 6 months of life. LAMA2 MD is the most common congenital muscular dystrophy, affecting approximately 4 in 500,000 children. The most common cause of death in early-onset LAMA2 MD is respiratory tract infection, with 30% of them dying within the first decade of life. LAMA2 MD is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the LAMA2 gene encoding for the laminin-α2 chain, one of the subunits of laminin-211. Laminin-211 is an extracellular matrix protein that functions to stabilize the basement membrane and muscle fibers during contraction. Since laminin-α2 is expressed in many tissue types including skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, Schwann cells, and trophoblasts, patients with LAMA2 MD experience a multi-systemic clinical presentation depending on the extent of laminin-α2 chain deficiency. Cardiac manifestations are typically associated with a complete absence of laminin-α2; however, recent case reports highlight cardiac involvement in partial laminin-α2 chain deficiency. Laminin-211 is also expressed in the brain, and many patients have abnormalities on brain imaging; however, mental retardation and/or seizures are rarely seen. Currently, there is no cure for LAMA2 MD, but various therapies are being investigated in an effort to lessen the severity of LAMA2 MD. For example, antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing have efficiently restored the laminin-α2 chain in mouse models in vivo. This review consolidates information on the clinical presentation, genetic basis, pathology, and current treatment approaches for LAMA2 MD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kenji Rowel Q Lim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Toshifumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,The Friends of Garrett Cumming Research & Muscular Dystrophy Canada, HM Toupin Neurological Science Research Chair, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gawlik KI, Harandi VM, Cheong RY, Petersén Å, Durbeej M. Laminin α1 reduces muscular dystrophy in dy 2J mice. Matrix Biol 2018; 70:36-49. [PMID: 29544677 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies, including laminin α2 chain-deficient muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD), are associated with immense personal, social and economic burdens. Thus, effective treatments are urgently needed. LAMA2-CMD is either a severe, early-onset condition with complete laminin α2 chain-deficiency or a milder, late-onset form with partial laminin α2 chain-deficiency. Mouse models dy3K/dy3K and dy2J/dy2J, respectively, recapitulate these two forms of LAMA2-CMD very well. We have previously demonstrated that laminin α1 chain significantly reduces muscular dystrophy in laminin α2 chain-deficient dy3K/dy3K mice. Among all the different pre-clinical approaches that have been evaluated in mice, laminin α1 chain-mediated therapy has been shown to be one of the most effective lines of attack. However, it has remained unclear if laminin α1 chain-mediated treatment is also applicable for partial laminin α2 chain-deficiency. Hence, we have generated dy2J/dy2J mice (that express a substantial amount of an N-terminal truncated laminin α2 chain) overexpressing laminin α1 chain in the neuromuscular system. The laminin α1 chain transgene ameliorated the dystrophic phenotype, restored muscle strength and reduced peripheral neuropathy. Thus, these findings provide additional support for the development of laminin α1 chain-based therapy for LAMA2-CMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga I Gawlik
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Vahid M Harandi
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rachel Y Cheong
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Petersén
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moreira Soares Oliveira B, Durbeej M, Holmberg J. Absence of microRNA-21 does not reduce muscular dystrophy in mouse models of LAMA2-CMD. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181950. [PMID: 28771630 PMCID: PMC5542641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Current evidence suggests that miR-21 plays a significant role in the progression of fibrosis in muscle diseases. Laminin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD) is a severe form of congenital muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the gene encoding laminin α2 chain. Mouse models dy3K/dy3K and dy2J/dy2J, respectively, adequately mirror severe and milder forms of LAMA2-CMD. Both human and mouse LAMA2-CMD muscles are characterized by extensive fibrosis and considering that fibrosis is the final step that destroys muscle during the disease course, anti-fibrotic therapies may be effective strategies for prevention of LAMA2-CMD. We have previously demonstrated a significant up-regulation of the pro-fibrotic miR-21 in dy3K/dy3K and dy2J/dy2J skeletal muscle. Hence, the objective of this study was to explore if absence of miR-21 reduces fibrogenesis and improves the phenotype of LAMA2-CMD mice. Thus, we generated dy3K/dy3K and dy2J/dy2J mice devoid of miR-21 (dy3K/miR-21 and dy2J/miR-21 mice, respectively). However, the muscular dystrophy phenotype of dy3K/miR-21 and dy2J/miR-21 double knock-out mice was not improved compared to dy3K/dy3K or dy2J/dy2J mice, respectively. Mice displayed the same body weight, dystrophic muscles (with fibrosis) and impaired muscle function. These data indicate that miR-21 may not be involved in the development of fibrosis in LAMA2-CMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Accorsi A, Kumar A, Rhee Y, Miller A, Girgenrath M. IGF-1/GH axis enhances losartan treatment in Lama2-related muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4624–4634. [PMID: 27798092 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As the complexities of dystrophic pathology have been elucidated over the last few years, it has become increasingly clear that primary monogenetic defects result in multiple secondary pathologies capable of autonomously driving disease progression. Consequently, single-mode therapies fail to comprehensively ameliorate all aspects of pathology. Lama2-related muscular dystrophy (MDC1A) is a devastating congenital muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene that results in multi-faceted secondary pathologies that include inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and necrosis leading to severe muscle weakness and minimal postnatal growth. This study sought to implement a novel combinatorial treatment utilizing losartan, previously shown to ameliorate fibrosis and inflammation in conjunction with transgenic IGF-1 overexpression to improve postnatal growth. We found that dual-therapy rescued inflammation and fibrosis, improved weight gain, and led to remarkable restoration of muscle architecture and locomotory function in DyW mice (mouse model of MDC1A). We further showed using murine growth hormone that postnatal intervention with both therapies also yielded impressive amelioration of dystrophic pathology. Our results suggest for the first time that a combinatorial anti-fibrotic and pro-myogenic therapy could be the foundation of future therapies to a population of afflicted children in serious need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Accorsi
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02319, USA
| | - Younghwa Rhee
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alex Miller
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mahasweta Girgenrath
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Pfizer Inc., 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02319, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Clark AL, Maruyama S, Sano S, Accorsi A, Girgenrath M, Walsh K, Naya FJ. miR-410 and miR-495 Are Dynamically Regulated in Diverse Cardiomyopathies and Their Inhibition Attenuates Pathological Hypertrophy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151515. [PMID: 26999812 PMCID: PMC4801331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs have emerged as important modulators in cardiac development and pathological remodeling. Recently, we demonstrated that regulation of the Gtl2-Dio3 noncoding RNA locus is dependent on the MEF2 transcription factor in cardiac muscle, and that two of its encoded miRNAs, miR-410 and miR-495, induce robust cardiomyocyte proliferation. Given the possibility of manipulating the expression of these miRNAs to repair the damaged heart by stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation, it is important to determine whether the Gtl2-Dio3 noncoding RNAs are regulated in cardiac disease and whether they function downstream of pathological cardiac stress signaling. Therefore, we examined expression of the above miRNAs processed from the Gtl2-Dio3 locus in various cardiomyopathies. These noncoding RNAs were upregulated in all cardiac disease models examined including myocardial infarction (MI) and chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation, and in the cardiomyopathies associated with muscular dystrophies. Consistent with these observations, we show that the Gtl2-Dio3 proximal promoter is activated by stress stimuli in cardiomyocytes and requires MEF2 for its induction. Furthermore, inhibiting miR-410 or miR-495 in stressed cardiomyocytes attenuated the hypertrophic response. Thus, the Gtl2-Dio3 noncoding RNA locus is a novel marker of cardiac disease and modulating the activity of its encoded miRNAs may mitigate pathological cardiac remodeling in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Clark
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sonomi Maruyama
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Soichi Sano
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anthony Accorsi
- Health Sciences Department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mahasweta Girgenrath
- Health Sciences Department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francisco J Naya
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vohra R, Accorsi A, Kumar A, Walter G, Girgenrath M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Sensitive to Pathological Amelioration in a Model for Laminin-Deficient Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (MDC1A). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138254. [PMID: 26379183 PMCID: PMC4575026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate the reliability of MRI as a non-invasive tool for assessing in vivo muscle health and pathological amelioration in response to Losartan (Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blocker) in DyW mice (mouse model for Laminin-deficient Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Type 1A). Methods Multiparametric MR quantifications along with histological/biochemical analyses were utilized to measure muscle volume and composition in untreated and Losartan-treated 7-week old DyW mice. Results MRI shows that DyW mice have significantly less hind limb muscle volume and areas of hyperintensity that are absent in WT muscle. DyW mice also have significantly elevated muscle levels (suggestive of inflammation and edema). Muscle T2 returned to WT levels in response to Losartan treatment. When considering only muscle pixels without T2 elevation, DyW T2 levels are significantly lower than WT (suggestive of fibrosis) whereas Losartan-treated animals do not demonstrate this decrease in muscle T2. MRI measurements suggestive of elevated inflammation and fibrosis corroborate with increased Mac-1 positive cells as well as increased Picrosirius red staining/COL1a gene expression that is returned to WT levels in response to Losartan. Conclusions MRI is sensitive to and tightly corresponds with pathological changes in DyW mice and thus is a viable and effective non-invasive tool for assessing pathological changes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis/drug therapy
- Fibrosis/metabolism
- Fibrosis/pathology
- Laminin/metabolism
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
- Mice
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophies/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophies/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophies/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/diet therapy
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Reproducibility of Results
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Vohra
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Anthony Accorsi
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Glenn Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Mahasweta Girgenrath
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar A, Accorsi A, Rhee Y, Girgenrath M. Do's and don'ts in the preparation of muscle cryosections for histological analysis. J Vis Exp 2015:e52793. [PMID: 26066009 DOI: 10.3791/52793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological evaluation of muscle biopsies has served as an indispensable tool in the understanding of the development and progression of pathology of neuromuscular disorders. However, in order to do so, proper care needs to be taken when excising and preserving tissues to achieve optimal staining. One method of tissue preservation involves fixing tissues in formaldehyde and then embedding them with paraffin wax. This method preserves morphology well and allows for long-term storage at RT but is cumbersome and requires handling of toxic chemicals. Further, formaldehyde fixation results in antigen cross-linking, which necessitates antigen retrieval protocols for effective immunostaining. On the contrary, frozen sectioning does not require fixation and thus retains biological antigen conformation. This method also provides a distinct advantage in quick turn around time, making it especially useful in situations needing quick histological evaluation like intraoperative surgical biopsies. Here we describe the most effective method of preparing muscle biopsies for visualization with different histological and immunological stains.
Collapse
|
15
|
Durbeej M. Laminin-α2 Chain-Deficient Congenital Muscular Dystrophy: Pathophysiology and Development of Treatment. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2015; 76:31-60. [PMID: 26610911 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Laminin-211 is a major constituent of the skeletal muscle basement membrane. It stabilizes skeletal muscle and influences signal transduction events from the myomatrix to the muscle cell. Mutations in the gene encoding the α2 chain of laminin-211 lead to congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A), a life-threatening disease characterized by severe hypotonia, progressive muscle weakness, and joint contractures. Common complications include severely impaired motor ability, respiratory failure, and feeding difficulties. Several adequate animal models for laminin-α2 chain deficiency exist and analyses of different MDC1A mouse models have led to a significant improvement in our understanding of MDC1A pathogenesis. Importantly, the animal models have been indispensable tools for the preclinical development of new therapeutic approaches for laminin-α2 chain deficiency, highlighting a number of important disease driving mechanisms that can be targeted by pharmacological approaches. In this chapter, I will describe laminin-211 and discuss the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of MDC1A as well as progression toward development of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Durbeej
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gadd VL. Combining immunodetection with histochemical techniques: the effect of heat-induced antigen retrieval on picro-Sirius red staining. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:902-6. [PMID: 25216937 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414553667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Picro-Sirius red is a routine diagnostic stain intended for the histological visualization of collagen fibers (fibrosis) in tissue. Multi-label immunohistochemistry is a powerful tool used by researchers to visualize different cell types and their location within a tissue specimen, and to observe co-localization of antigens. Combining the specificity of immunodetection with the simplicity of Sirius red staining will allow researchers to visualize multi-antigen detection in relation to fibrosis, a common histological feature of injury in many chronic diseases. Pre-treatment of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) specimens with antigen retrieval is essential for the work-up of most commercially available antibodies. The most common form of antigen retrieval involves boiling tissue specimens in buffer to break the cross-linkages caused by formalin fixation. However, this method causes tissue modification and collagen fiber shrinkage leading to suboptimal results when counterstaining for Sirius red. Reduced heat and enzymatic digestion are antigen retrieval methods compatible with Sirius red counterstaining. This paper will discuss the difficulties faced when combining these two staining methods, and provide a detailed method for the simultaneous detection of antigen and Sirius red in FFPE tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Gadd
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (VLG)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Oliveira BM, Matsumura CY, Fontes-Oliveira CC, Gawlik KI, Acosta H, Wernhoff P, Durbeej M. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals metabolic alterations, calcium dysregulation, and increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins in laminin α2 chain-deficient muscle. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:3001-13. [PMID: 24994560 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.032276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophy with laminin α2 chain deficiency (MDC1A) is one of the most severe forms of muscular disease and is characterized by severe muscle weakness and delayed motor milestones. The genetic basis of MDC1A is well known, yet the secondary mechanisms ultimately leading to muscle degeneration and subsequent connective tissue infiltration are not fully understood. In order to obtain new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying MDC1A, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of affected muscles (diaphragm and gastrocnemius) from laminin α2 chain-deficient dy(3K)/dy(3K) mice, using multidimensional protein identification technology combined with tandem mass tags. Out of the approximately 700 identified proteins, 113 and 101 proteins, respectively, were differentially expressed in the diseased gastrocnemius and diaphragm muscles compared with normal muscles. A large portion of these proteins are involved in different metabolic processes, bind calcium, or are expressed in the extracellular matrix. Our findings suggest that metabolic alterations and calcium dysregulation could be novel mechanisms that underlie MDC1A and might be targets that should be explored for therapy. Also, detailed knowledge of the composition of fibrotic tissue, rich in extracellular matrix proteins, in laminin α2 chain-deficient muscle might help in the design of future anti-fibrotic treatments. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000978 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000978).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Menezes de Oliveira
- From the §Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, BMC B12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cintia Y Matsumura
- From the §Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, BMC B12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; ¶Departament of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cibely C Fontes-Oliveira
- From the §Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, BMC B12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kinga I Gawlik
- From the §Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, BMC B12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Acosta
- ‖Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC B12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Wernhoff
- From the §Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, BMC B12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- From the §Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, BMC B12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dysregulation of matricellular proteins is an early signature of pathology in laminin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Skelet Muscle 2014; 4:14. [PMID: 25075272 PMCID: PMC4114446 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-4-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MDC1A is a congenital neuromuscular disorder with developmentally complex and progressive pathologies that results from a deficiency in the protein laminin α2. MDC1A is associated with a multitude of pathologies, including increased apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis. In order to assess and treat a complicated disease such as MDC1A, we must understand the natural history of the disease so that we can identify early disease drivers and pinpoint critical time periods for implementing potential therapies. Results We found that DyW mice show significantly impaired myogenesis and high levels of apoptosis as early as postnatal week 1. We also saw a surge of inflammatory response at the first week, marked by high levels of infiltrating macrophages, nuclear factor κB activation, osteopontin expression and overexpression of inflammatory cytokines. Fibrosis markers and related pathways were also observed to be elevated throughout early postnatal development in these mice, including periostin, collagen and fibronectin gene expression, as well as transforming growth factor β signaling. Interestingly, fibronectin was found to be the predominant fibrous protein of the extracellular matrix in early postnatal development. Lastly, we observed upregulation in various genes related to angiotensin signaling. Methods We sought out to examine the dysregulation of various pathways throughout early development (postnatal weeks 1-4) in the DyW mouse, the most commonly used mouse model of laminin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Muscle function tests (stand-ups and retractions) as well as gene (qRT-PCR) and protein levels (western blot, ELISA), histology (H&E, picrosirius red staining) and immunohistochemistry (fibronectin, TUNEL assay) were used to assess dysregulation of matricelluar protieins. Conclusions Our results implicate the involvement of multiple signaling pathways in driving the earliest stages of pathology in DyW mice. As opposed to classical dystrophies, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the dysregulation of various matricellular proteins appears to be a distinct feature of the early progression of DyW pathology. On the basis of our results, we believe that therapies that may reduce apoptosis and stabilize the homeostasis of extracellular matrix proteins may have increased efficacy if started at a very early age.
Collapse
|
19
|
Tsai LK, Chen CL, Ting CH, Lin-Chao S, Hwu WL, Dodge JC, Passini MA, Cheng SH. Systemic administration of a recombinant AAV1 vector encoding IGF-1 improves disease manifestations in SMA mice. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1450-1459. [PMID: 24814151 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is a progressive motor neuron disease caused by a deficiency of survival motor neuron. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of intravenous administration of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV1) vector encoding human insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in a severe mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. Measurable quantities of human IGF-1 transcripts and protein were detected in the liver (up to 3 months postinjection) and in the serum indicating that IGF-1 was secreted from the liver into systemic circulation. Spinal muscular atrophy mice administered AAV1-IGF-1 on postnatal day 1 exhibited a lower extent of motor neuron degeneration, cardiac and muscle atrophy as well as a greater extent of innervation at the neuromuscular junctions compared to untreated controls at day 8 posttreatment. Importantly, treatment with AAV1-IGF-1 prolonged the animals' lifespan, increased their body weights and improved their motor coordination. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that AAV1-mediated expression of IGF-1 led to an increase in survival motor neuron transcript and protein levels in the spinal cord, brain, muscles, and heart. These data indicate that systemically delivered AAV1-IGF-1 can correct several of the biochemical and behavioral deficits in spinal muscular atrophy mice through increasing tissue levels of survival motor neuron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kai Tsai
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hung Ting
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sue Lin-Chao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James C Dodge
- Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Seng H Cheng
- Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Saito F, Kanagawa M, Ikeda M, Hagiwara H, Masaki T, Ohkuma H, Katanosaka Y, Shimizu T, Sonoo M, Toda T, Matsumura K. Overexpression of LARGE suppresses muscle regeneration via down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 and aggravates muscular dystrophy in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4543-58. [PMID: 24722207 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of muscular dystrophy are caused by defective linkage between α-dystroglycan (α-DG) and laminin. Among these, dystroglycanopathy, including Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), results from abnormal glycosylation of α-DG. Recent studies have shown that like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) strongly enhances the laminin-binding activity of α-DG. Therefore, restoration of the α-DG-laminin linkage by LARGE is considered one of the most promising possible therapies for muscular dystrophy. In this study, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress LARGE (LARGE Tg) and crossed them with dy(2J) mice and fukutin conditional knockout mice, a model for laminin α2-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (MDC1A) and FCMD, respectively. Remarkably, in both the strains, the transgenic overexpression of LARGE resulted in an aggravation of muscular dystrophy. Using morphometric analyses, we found that the deterioration of muscle pathology was caused by suppression of muscle regeneration. Overexpression of LARGE in C2C12 cells further demonstrated defects in myotube formation. Interestingly, a decreased expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was identified in both LARGE Tg mice and LARGE-overexpressing C2C12 myotubes. Supplementing the C2C12 cells with IGF-1 restored the defective myotube formation. Taken together, our findings indicate that the overexpression of LARGE aggravates muscular dystrophy by suppressing the muscle regeneration and this adverse effect is mediated via reduced expression of IGF-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Saito
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan,
| | - Motoi Kanagawa
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Miki Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hagiwara
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan, Department of Medical Science, Teikyo University of Science, Uenohara Campus, Uenohara-shi 409-0193, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Masaki
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan, Department of Medical Science, Teikyo University of Science, Senju Campus, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Ohkuma
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yuki Katanosaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan and
| | - Teruo Shimizu
- Department of Sport and Medical Science, Teikyo University Faculty of Medical Technology, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sonoo
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Matsumura
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Krieger F, Elflein N, Saenger S, Wirthgen E, Rak K, Frantz S, Hoeflich A, Toyka KV, Metzger F, Jablonka S. Polyethylene glycol-coupled IGF1 delays motor function defects in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1. Brain 2014; 137:1374-93. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
22
|
Körner Z, Fontes-Oliveira CC, Holmberg J, Carmignac V, Durbeej M. Bortezomib partially improves laminin α2 chain-deficient muscular dystrophy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1518-28. [PMID: 24631023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophy, caused by mutations in LAMA2 (the gene encoding laminin α2 chain), is a severe and incapacitating disease for which no therapy is yet available. We have recently demonstrated that proteasome activity is increased in laminin α2 chain-deficient muscle and that treatment with the nonpharmaceutical proteasome inhibitor MG-132 reduces muscle pathology in laminin α2 chain-deficient dy(3K)/dy(3K) mice. Here, we explore the use of the selective and therapeutic proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (currently used for treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma) in dy(3K)/dy(3K) mice and in congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A muscle cells. Outcome measures included quantitative muscle morphology, gene and miRNA expression analyses, proteasome activity, motor activity, and survival. Bortezomib improved several histological hallmarks of disease, partially normalized miRNA expression (miR-1 and miR-133a), and enhanced body weight, locomotion, and survival of dy(3K)/dy(3K) mice. In addition, bortezomib reduced proteasome activity in congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A myoblasts and myotubes. These findings provide evidence that the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib partially reduces laminin α2 chain-deficient muscular dystrophy. Investigation of the clinical efficacy of bortezomib administration in congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A clinical trials may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zandra Körner
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Holmberg
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- Genetics of Developmental Abnormalities Team, EA4271, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Van Ry PM, Minogue P, Hodges BL, Burkin DJ. Laminin-111 improves muscle repair in a mouse model of merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:383-96. [PMID: 24009313 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A) is a severe and fatal muscle-wasting disease with no cure. MDC1A patients and the dy(W-/-) mouse model exhibit severe muscle weakness, demyelinating neuropathy, failed muscle regeneration and premature death. We have recently shown that laminin-111, a form of laminin found in embryonic skeletal muscle, can substitute for the loss of laminin-211/221 and prevent muscle disease progression in the dy(W-/-) mouse model. What is unclear from these studies is whether laminin-111 can restore failed regeneration to laminin-α2-deficient muscle. To investigate the potential of laminin-111 protein therapy to improve muscle regeneration, laminin-111 or phosphate-buffered saline-treated laminin-α2-deficient muscle was damaged with cardiotoxin and muscle regeneration quantified. Our results show laminin-111 treatment promoted an increase in myofiber size and number, and an increased expression of α7β1 integrin, Pax7, myogenin and embryonic myosin heavy chain, indicating a restoration of the muscle regenerative program. Together, our results show laminin-111 restores muscle regeneration to laminin-α2-deficient muscle and further supports laminin-111 protein as a therapy for the treatment of MDC1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pam M Van Ry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA and
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Systemic delivery of human mesenchymal stromal cells combined with IGF-1 enhances muscle functional recovery in LAMA2 dy/2j dystrophic mice. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 9:93-109. [PMID: 22664740 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The combination of cell therapy with growth factors could be a useful approach to treat progressive muscular dystrophies. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that IGF-1 considerably enhances the myogenesis of human umbilical cord (UC) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro and that IGF-1 enhances interaction and restoration of dystrophin expression in co-cultures of MSCs and muscle cells from Duchenne patients. In vivo studies showed that human MSCs were able to reach the skeletal muscle of LAMA2(dy/2j) dystrophic mice, through systemic delivery, without immunosuppression. Moreover, we showed, for the first time, that IGF-1 injected systemically together with MSCs markedly reduced muscle inflammation and fibrosis, and significantly improved muscle strength in dystrophic mice. Our results suggest that a combined treatment with IGF-1 and MSCs enhances efficiency of muscle repair and, therefore, should be further considered as a potential therapeutic approach in muscular dystrophies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Muchir A, Kim YJ, Reilly SA, Wu W, Choi JC, Worman HJ. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling has beneficial effects on skeletal muscle in a mouse model of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy caused by lamin A/C gene mutation. Skelet Muscle 2013; 3:17. [PMID: 23815988 PMCID: PMC3702458 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-3-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) encoding A-type nuclear lamins, intermediate filament proteins of the nuclear envelope. Classically, the disease manifests as scapulo-humeroperoneal muscle wasting and weakness, early joint contractures and dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction block; however, move variable skeletal muscle involvement can be present. Previously, we demonstrated increased activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 in hearts of LmnaH222P/H222P mice, a model of autosomal Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, and that blocking its activation improved cardiac function. We therefore examined the role of ERK1/2 activity in skeletal muscle pathology. METHODS Sections of skeletal muscle from LmnaH222P/H222P mice were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and histological analysis performed using light microscopy. ERK1/2 activity was assessed in mouse tissue and cultured cells by immunoblotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction to measure expression of downstream target genes. LmnaH222P/H222P mice were treated with selumetinib, which blocks mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1/2 that activates ERK1/2, from 16 to 20 weeks of age to assess the effects of treatment on muscle histology, ERK1/2 activity and limb grip strength. RESULTS We detected enhanced activation of ERK1/2 in skeletal muscle of LmnaH222P/H222P mice. Treatment with selumetinib ameliorated skeletal muscle histopathology and reduced serum creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Selumetinib treatment also improved muscle function as assessed by in vivo grip strength testing. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that ERK1/2 plays a role in the development of skeletal muscle pathology in LmnaH222/H222P mice. They further provide the first evidence that a small molecule drug may be beneficial for skeletal muscle in autosomal Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Muchir
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yamauchi J, Kumar A, Duarte L, Mehuron T, Girgenrath M. Triggering regeneration and tackling apoptosis: a combinatorial approach to treating congenital muscular dystrophy type 1 A. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4306-17. [PMID: 23773998 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the laminin-α2 gene (OMIM: 607855). Currently, no treatment other than palliative care exists for this disease. In our previous work, genetic interventions in the Lama2(Dy-w) mouse model for MDC1A demonstrated that limited regeneration and uncontrolled apoptosis are important drivers of this disease. However, targeting one of these disease drivers without addressing the other results in only partial rescue of the phenotype. The present study was designed to determine whether utilizing a combinatorial treatment approach can lead to a more profound amelioration of the disease pathology. To accomplish this task, we generated Bax-null Lama2(Dy-w)mice that overexpressed muscle-specific IGF-1 (Lama2(Dy-w)Bax(-/-)+IGF-1tg). Further to test the translational potential of IGF-1 administration in combination with Bax inhibition, we treated Lama2(Dy-w)Bax(-/-) mice postnatally with systemic recombinant human IGF-1 (IPLEX™). These two combinatorial treatments lead to similar, promising outcomes. In addition to increased body and muscle weights, both transgenic overexpression and systemic administration of IGF-1 combined with Bax-inhibition resulted in improved muscle phenotype and locomotory function that were nearly indistinguishable from wild-type mice. These results provide a fundamental proof of concept that justifies the use of a combination therapy as an effective treatment for MDC1A and highlights a compelling argument toward shifting the paradigm in treating multifaceted neuromuscular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Yamauchi
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Meinen S, Lin S, Ruegg MA. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists alleviate muscle pathology in the mouse model for laminin-α2-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (MDC1A). Skelet Muscle 2012; 2:18. [PMID: 22943509 PMCID: PMC3598380 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-2-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laminin-α2-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (MDC1A) is a severe muscle-wasting disease for which no curative treatment is available. Antagonists of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), including the anti-hypertensive drug losartan, have been shown to block also the profibrotic action of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and thereby ameliorate disease progression in mouse models of Marfan syndrome. Because fibrosis and failure of muscle regeneration are the main reasons for the severe disease course of MDC1A, we tested whether L-158809, an analog derivative of losartan, could ameliorate the dystrophy in dyW/dyW mice, the best-characterized model of MDC1A. Methods L-158809 was given in food to dyW/dyW mice at the age of 3 weeks, and the mice were analyzed at the age of 6 to 7 weeks. We examined the effect of L-158809 on muscle histology and on muscle regeneration after injury as well as the locomotor activity and muscle strength of the mice. Results We found that TGF-β signaling in the muscles of the dyW/dyW mice was strongly increased, and that L-158809 treatment suppressed this signaling. Consequently, L-158809 reduced fibrosis and inflammation in skeletal muscle of dyW/dyW mice, and largely restored muscle regeneration after toxin-induced injury. Mice showed improvement in their locomotor activity and grip strength, and their body weight was significantly increased. Conclusion These data provide evidence that AT1 antagonists ameliorate several hallmarks of MDC1A in dyW/dyW mice, the best-characterized mouse model for this disease. Because AT1 antagonists are well tolerated in humans and widely used in clinical practice, these results suggest that losartan may offer a potential future treatment of patients with MDC1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Meinen
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rooney JE, Knapp JR, Hodges BL, Wuebbles RD, Burkin DJ. Laminin-111 protein therapy reduces muscle pathology and improves viability of a mouse model of merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1593-602. [PMID: 22322301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A) is a lethal muscle-wasting disease that is caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene, resulting in the loss of laminin-α2 protein. MDC1A patients exhibit severe muscle weakness from birth, are confined to a wheelchair, require ventilator assistance, and have reduced life expectancy. There are currently no effective treatments or cures for MDC1A. Laminin-α2 is required for the formation of heterotrimeric laminin-211 (ie, α2, β1, and γ1) and laminin-221 (ie, α2, β2, and γ1), which are major constituents of skeletal muscle basal lamina. Laminin-111 (ie, α1, β1, and γ1) is the predominant laminin isoform in embryonic skeletal muscle and supports normal skeletal muscle development in laminin-α2-deficient muscle but is absent from adult skeletal muscle. In this study, we determined whether treatment with Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm-derived mouse laminin-111 protein could rescue MDC1A in the dy(W-/-) mouse model. We demonstrate that laminin-111 protein systemically delivered to the muscles of laminin-α2-deficient mice prevents muscle pathology, improves muscle strength, and dramatically increases life expectancy. Laminin-111 also prevented apoptosis in laminin-α2-deficient mouse muscle and primary human MDC1A myogenic cells, which indicates a conserved mechanism of action and cross-reactivity between species. Our results demonstrate that laminin-111 can serve as an effective protein substitution therapy for the treatment of muscular dystrophy in the dy(W-/-) mouse model and establish the potential for its use in the treatment of MDC1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jachinta E Rooney
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a solid scaffold and signals to cells through ECM receptors. The cell-matrix interactions are crucial for normal biological processes and when disrupted they may lead to pathological processes. In particular, the biological importance of ECM-cell membrane-cytoskeleton interactions in skeletal muscle is accentuated by the number of inherited muscle diseases caused by mutations in proteins conferring these interactions. In this review we introduce laminins, collagens, dystroglycan, integrins, dystrophin and sarcoglycans. Mutations in corresponding genes cause various forms of muscular dystrophy. The muscle disorders are presented as well as advances toward the development of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Carmignac
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jablonka S, Holtmann B, Sendtner M, Metzger F. Therapeutic effects of PEGylated insulin-like growth factor I in the pmn mouse model of motoneuron disease. Exp Neurol 2011; 232:261-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
31
|
The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in the prevention of muscle damage. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:210797. [PMID: 22007139 PMCID: PMC3189583 DOI: 10.1155/2011/210797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are genetically diverse but share common phenotypic features of muscle weakness, degeneration, and progressive decline in muscle function. Previous work has focused on understanding how disruptions in the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex result in muscular dystrophy, supporting a hypothesis that the muscle sarcolemma is fragile and susceptible to contraction-induced injury in multiple forms of dystrophy. Although benign in healthy muscle, contractions in dystrophic muscle may contribute to a higher degree of muscle damage which eventually overwhelms muscle regeneration capacity. While increased susceptibility of muscle to mechanical injury is thought to be an important contributor to disease pathology, it is becoming clear that not all DGC-associated diseases share this supposed hallmark feature. This paper outlines experimental support for a function of the DGC in preventing muscle damage and examines the evidence that supports novel functions for this complex in muscle that when impaired, may contribute to the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy.
Collapse
|
32
|
Carmignac V, Svensson M, Körner Z, Elowsson L, Matsumura C, Gawlik KI, Allamand V, Durbeej M. Autophagy is increased in laminin α2 chain-deficient muscle and its inhibition improves muscle morphology in a mouse model of MDC1A. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4891-902. [PMID: 21920942 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophy caused by laminin α2 chain deficiency (also known as MDC1A) is a severe and incapacitating disease, characterized by massive muscle wasting. The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a major role in muscle wasting and we recently demonstrated that increased proteasomal activity is a feature of MDC1A. The autophagy-lysosome pathway is the other major system involved in degradation of proteins and organelles within the muscle cell. However, it remains to be determined if the autophagy-lysosome pathway is dysregulated in muscular dystrophies, including MDC1A. Using the dy(3K)/dy(3K) mouse model of laminin α2 chain deficiency and MDC1A patient muscle, we show here that expression of autophagy-related genes is upregulated in laminin α2 chain-deficient muscle. Moreover, we found that autophagy inhibition significantly improves the dystrophic dy(3K)/dy(3K) phenotype. In particular, we show that systemic injection of 3-methyladenine (3-MA) reduces muscle fibrosis, atrophy, apoptosis and increases muscle regeneration and muscle mass. Importantly, lifespan and locomotive behavior were also greatly improved. These findings indicate that enhanced autophagic activity is pathogenic and that autophagy inhibition holds a promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of MDC1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Carmignac
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|