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Minegishi G, Kobayashi Y, Fujikura M, Sano A, Kazuki Y, Kobayashi K. Induction of hepatic CYP3A4 expression by cholesterol and cholic acid: Alterations of gene expression, microsomal activity, and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1197. [PMID: 38644590 PMCID: PMC11033495 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is a drug-metabolizing enzyme that is abundantly expressed in the liver and intestine. It is an important issue whether compounds of interest affect the expression of CYP3A4 because more than 30% of commercially available drugs are metabolized by CYP3A4. In this study, we examined the effects of cholesterol and cholic acid on the expression level and activity of CYP3A4 in hCYP3A mice that have a human CYP3A gene cluster and show human-like regulation of the coding genes. A normal diet (ND, CE-2), CE-2 with 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid (HCD) or CE-2 with 0.5% cholic acid was given to the mice. The plasma concentrations of cholesterol, cholic acid and its metabolites in HCD mice were higher than those in ND mice. In this condition, the expression levels of hepatic CYP3A4 and the hydroxylation activities of triazolam, a typical CYP3A4 substrate, in liver microsomes of HCD mice were higher than those in liver microsomes of ND mice. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of triazolam in HCD mice were lower than those in ND mice. In conclusion, our study suggested that hepatic CYP3A4 expression and activity are influenced by the combination of cholesterol and cholic acid in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Minegishi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical PharmacyMeiji Pharmaceutical UniversityKiyoseJapan
| | - Yuka Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical PharmacyMeiji Pharmaceutical UniversityKiyoseJapan
| | - Mayu Fujikura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical PharmacyMeiji Pharmaceutical UniversityKiyoseJapan
| | - Ayane Sano
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical PharmacyMeiji Pharmaceutical UniversityKiyoseJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC)Tottori UniversityTottoriJapan
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life ScienceTottori UniversityTottoriJapan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical PharmacyMeiji Pharmaceutical UniversityKiyoseJapan
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Adachi M, Kumagai T, Hosho K, Nagata K, Fujiyoshi M, Shimada M. Exploring Acute Liver Damage: Slimming Health Foods and CYP3A4 Induction. Yonago Acta Med 2024; 67:124-134. [PMID: 38803590 PMCID: PMC11128086 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Patients taking multiple drugs and various health foods often develop acute hepatitis. We hypothesized that the interaction between health foods and drug metabolism was the cause of severe liver injury in these patients. Therefore, we studied changes in the activity of the drug-metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P450 (CYP), using slimming health food extracts and elucidated the molecular mechanism of liver injury onset through hepatotoxicity evaluation. Methods For cytotoxicity testing, health food extract samples were added to HepG2 cells derived from hepatic parenchymal cells and culture medium, and cell viability was calculated 48 h after culture. To evaluate CYP3A4 induction, 3-1-10 cells constructed with a reporter linked to CYP3A4 gene were used, and reporter activity was measured 48 h after culture. Results In the chronological order of the slimming health food intake history of the patient, niacinamide and Gymnema sylvestre extracts strongly inhibited HepG2 cell viability. In contrast, dietary supplements A and Coleus forskohlii extract strongly induced CYP3A4 reporter activity. To confirm CYP3A4 induction in humans, humanized CYP3A/pregnane X receptor (PXR) mice were treated with forskolin. CYP3A4 mRNA expression levels were elevated 3.9 times compared to that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Coleus forskohlii extract showed the strongest transcriptional activation of CYP3A4 gene. In a mouse model of human-type drug metabolism, forskolin induced CYP3A4 transcription. Thus, we concluded that CYP3A4 induction by Coleus forskohlii is one of the causes of crucial hepatocellular injury, which is a type of liver injury caused by the active metabolite of acetaminophen produced by CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Adachi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kumagai
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Keiko Hosho
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nagata
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | | | - Miki Shimada
- Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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MacLeod AK, Coquelin KS, Huertas L, Simeons FRC, Riley J, Casado P, Guijarro L, Casanueva R, Frame L, Pinto EG, Ferguson L, Duncan C, Mutter N, Shishikura Y, Henderson CJ, Cebrian D, Wolf CR, Read KD. Acceleration of infectious disease drug discovery and development using a humanized model of drug metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315069121. [PMID: 38315851 PMCID: PMC10873626 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315069121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A key step in drug discovery, common to many disease areas, is preclinical demonstration of efficacy in a mouse model of disease. However, this demonstration and its translation to the clinic can be impeded by mouse-specific pathways of drug metabolism. Here, we show that a mouse line extensively humanized for the cytochrome P450 gene superfamily ("8HUM") can circumvent these problems. The pharmacokinetics, metabolite profiles, and magnitude of drug-drug interactions of a test set of approved medicines were in much closer alignment with clinical observations than in wild-type mice. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Leishmania donovani, and Trypanosoma cruzi was well tolerated in 8HUM, permitting efficacy assessment. During such assessments, mouse-specific metabolic liabilities were bypassed while the impact of clinically relevant active metabolites and DDI on efficacy were well captured. Removal of species differences in metabolism by replacement of wild-type mice with 8HUM therefore reduces compound attrition while improving clinical translation, accelerating drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kenneth MacLeod
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin-Sebastien Coquelin
- Division of Systems Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, DundeeDD2 4GD, United Kingdom
| | - Leticia Huertas
- Global Health Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid28760, Spain
| | - Frederick R. C. Simeons
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Riley
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Casado
- Global Health Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid28760, Spain
| | - Laura Guijarro
- Global Health Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid28760, Spain
| | - Ruth Casanueva
- Global Health Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid28760, Spain
| | - Laura Frame
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Erika G. Pinto
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Ferguson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Duncan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Mutter
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Yoko Shishikura
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Henderson
- Division of Systems Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, DundeeDD2 4GD, United Kingdom
| | - David Cebrian
- Global Health Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid28760, Spain
| | - C. Roland Wolf
- Division of Systems Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, DundeeDD2 4GD, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D. Read
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry, University of Dundee, DundeeDD1 5EH, United Kingdom
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Damoiseaux D, Schinkel AH, Beijnen JH, Huitema ADR, Dorlo TPC. Predictability of human exposure by human-CYP3A4-transgenic mouse models: A meta-analysis. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13668. [PMID: 38037826 PMCID: PMC10766057 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
First-in-human dose predictions are primarily based on no-observed-adverse-effect levels in animal studies. Predictions from these animal models are only as effective as their ability to predict human results. To narrow the gap between human and animals, researchers have, among other things, focused on the replacement of animal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes with their human counterparts (called humanization), especially in mice. Whereas research in humanized mice is extensive, the emphasis has been particularly on qualitative rather than quantitative predictions. Because the CYP3A4 enzyme is most involved in the metabolism of clinically used drugs, most benefit was expected from CYP3A4 models. There are several applications of these mouse models regarding in vivo CYP3A4 functionality, one of which might be their capacity to help improve first-in-human (FIH) dose predictions for CYP3A4-metabolized drugs. To evaluate whether human-CYP3A4-transgenic mouse models are better predictors of human exposure compared to the wild-type mouse model, we performed a meta-analysis comparing both mouse models in their ability to accurately predict human exposure of small-molecule drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. Results showed that, in general, the human-CYP3A4-transgenic mouse model had similar accuracy in the prediction of human exposure compared to the wild-type mouse model, suggesting that there is limited added value in humanization of the mouse Cyp3a enzymes if the primary aim is to acquire more accurate FIH dose predictions. Despite the results of this meta-analysis, corrections for interspecies differences through extension of human-CYP3A4-transgenic mouse models with pharmacokinetic modeling approaches seems a promising contribution to more accurate quantitative predictions of human pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Damoiseaux
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alfred H. Schinkel
- Division of PharmacologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jos H. Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Alwin D. R. Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of PharmacologyPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical PharmacyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas P. C. Dorlo
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of PharmacyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Watanabe M, Miyamoto H, Okamoto K, Nakano K, Matsunari H, Kazuki K, Hasegawa K, Uchikura A, Takayanagi S, Umeyama K, Hiramuki Y, Kemter E, Klymuik N, Kurome M, Kessler B, Wolf E, Kazuki Y, Nagashima H. Phenotypic features of dystrophin gene knockout pigs harboring a human artificial chromosome containing the entire dystrophin gene. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:444-453. [PMID: 37588685 PMCID: PMC10425850 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian artificial chromosomes have enabled the introduction of extremely large amounts of genetic information into animal cells in an autonomously replicating, nonintegrating format. However, the evaluation of human artificial chromosomes (HACs) as novel tools for curing intractable hereditary disorders has been hindered by the limited efficacy of the delivery system. We generated dystrophin gene knockout (DMD-KO) pigs harboring the HAC bearing the entire human DMD via a somatic cell cloning procedure (DYS-HAC-cloned pig). Restored human dystrophin expression was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining in the skeletal muscle of the DYS-HAC-cloned pigs. Viability at the first month postpartum of the DYS-HAC-cloned pigs, including motor function in the hind leg and serum creatinine kinase level, was improved significantly when compared with that in the original DMD-KO pigs. However, decrease in systemic retention of the DYS-HAC vector and limited production of the DMD protein might have caused severe respiratory impairment with general prostration by 3 months postpartum. The results demonstrate that the use of transchromosomic cloned pigs permitted a straightforward estimation of the efficacy of the DYS-HAC carried in affected tissues/organs in a large-animal disease model, providing novel insights into the therapeutic application of exogenous mammalian artificial chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hitomaru Miyamoto
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Okamoto
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shuko Takayanagi
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Umeyama
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hiramuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymuik
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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Ohira T, Yoshimura K, Kugoh H. Human artificial chromosome carrying 3p21.3-p22.2 region suppresses hTERT transcription in oral cancer cells. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:17. [PMID: 37353691 PMCID: PMC10289923 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein ribonucleic enzyme that elongates telomere repeat sequences at the ends of chromosomes and contributes to cellular immortalization. The catalytic component of telomerase, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), has been observed to be reactivated in immortalized cells. Notably, most cancer cells have been found to have active hTERT mRNA transcription, resulting in continuous cell division, which is crucial for malignant transformation. Therefore, discovering mechanisms underlying the regulation of hTERT transcription is an attractive target for cancer-specific treatments.Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 3p21.3 has been frequently observed in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Moreover, we previously reported that HSC3 OSCC microcell hybrid clones with an introduced human chromosome 3 (HSC3#3) showed inhibition of hTERT transcription compared with the parental HSC3 cells. This study examined whether hTERT transcription regulators are present in the 3p21.3 region. We constructed a human artificial chromosome (HAC) vector (3p21.3-HAC) with only the 3p21.3-p22.2 region and performed functional analysis using the 3p21.3-HAC. HSC3 microcell hybrid clones with an introduced 3p21.3-HAC exhibited significant suppression of hTERT transcription, similar to the microcell hybrid clones with an intact chromosome 3. In contrast, HSC3 clones with truncated chromosome 3 with deletion of the 3p21.3 region (3delp21.3) showed no effect on hTERT expression levels. These results provide direct evidence that hTERT suppressor gene(s) were retained in the 3p21.3 region, suggesting that the presence of regulatory factors that control telomerase enzyme activity may be involved in the development of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Ohira
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-Cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-Cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kaho Yoshimura
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-Cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kugoh
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-Cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-Cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Division of Genome and Cellular Function, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-Cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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Kobayashi K, Minegishi G, Kuriyama N, Miyajima A, Abe S, Kazuki K, Kazuki Y. Metabolic Disposition of Triazolam and Clobazam in Humanized CYP3A Mice with a Double-Knockout Background of Mouse Cyp2c and Cyp3a Genes. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:174-182. [PMID: 36379710 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout (KO) of mouse Cyp3a genes increases the expression of hepatic CYP2C enzymes, which can metabolize triazolam, a typical substrate of human CYP3A. There is still marked formation of 1'-hydroxytriazolam in Cyp3a-KO (3aKO) mice after triazolam dosing. Here, we generated a new model of humanized CYP3A (hCYP3A) mice with a double-KO background of Cyp3a and Cyp2c genes (2c3aKO), and we examined the metabolic profiles of triazolam in wild-type (WT), 2c3aKO, and hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice in vitro and in vivo In vitro studies using liver microsomes showed that the formation of 1'-hydroxytriazolam in 2c3aKO mice was less than 8% of that in WT mice. The formation rate of 1'-hydroxytriazolam in hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice was eightfold higher than that in 2c3aKO mice. In vivo studies showed that area under the curve (AUC) of 1'-hydroxytriazolam in 2c3aKO mice was less than 3% of that in WT mice. The AUC of 1'-hydroxytriazolam in hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice was sixfold higher than that in 2c3aKO mice. These results showed that formation of 1'-hydroxytriazolam was significantly decreased in 2c3aKO mice. Metabolic functions of human CYP3A enzymes were distinctly found in hCYP3A mice with the 2c3aKO background. Moreover, hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice treated with clobazam showed human CYP3A-mediated formation of desmethylclobazam and prolonged elimination of desmethylclobazam, which is found in poor metabolizers of CYP2C19. The novel hCYP3A mouse model without mouse Cyp2c and Cyp3a genes (hCYP3A/2c3aKO) is expected to be useful to evaluate human CYP3A-mediated metabolism in vivo SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT: Humanized CYP3A (hCYP3A/2c3aKO) mice with a background of double knockout (KO) for mouse Cyp2c and Cyp3a genes were generated. Although CYP2C enzymes played a compensatory role in the metabolism of triazolam to 1'-hydroxytriazolam in the previous hCYP3A/3aKO mice with Cyp2c genes, the novel hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice clearly showed functions of human CYP3A enzymes introduced by chromosome engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Genki Minegishi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Nina Kuriyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Kobayashi K, Deguchi T, Abe S, Kajitani N, Kazuki K, Takehara S, Nakamura K, Kurihara A, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Analysis of in vitro and in vivo metabolism of zidovudine and gemfibrozil in trans-chromosomic mouse line expressing human UGT2 enzymes. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e01030. [PMID: 36424908 PMCID: PMC9692130 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the conjugation of various substrates with sugars. Since the UGT2 family forms a large cluster spanning 1.5 Mb, transgenic mouse lines carrying the entire human UGT2 family have not been constructed because of limitations in conventional cloning techniques. Therefore, we made a humanized mouse model for UGT2 by chromosome engineering technologies. The results showed that six UGT2 isoforms examined were expressed in the liver of adult humanized UGT2 (hUGT2) mice. Thus, the functions of human UGT2B7 in the liver of hUGT2 mice were evaluated. Glucuronide of azidothymidine (AZT, zidovudine), a typical UGT2B7 substrate, was formed in the liver microsomes of hUGT2 mice but not in the liver microsomes of wild-type and Ugt2-knockout mice. When AZT was intravenously administered, AZT glucuronide was detected in the bile and urine of hUGT2 mice, but it was not detected in the bile and urine of wild-type and Ugt2-knockout mice. These results indicated that the hUGT2 mice express functional human UGT2B7 in the liver. This finding was also confirmed by using gemfibrozil as an alternative UGT2B7 substrate. Gemfibrozil glucuronide was formed in the liver microsomes of hUGT2 mice and was mainly excreted in the bile of hUGT2 mice after intravenous dosing of gemfibrozil. This hUGT2 mouse model will enable improved predictions of pharmacokinetics, urinary and biliary excretion and drug-drug interactions mediated by human UGT2, at least UGT2B7, in drug development research and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical PharmacyMeiji Pharmaceutical UniversityKiyose, TokyoJapan
| | - Tsuneo Deguchi
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.Chuo‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC)Tottori UniversityYonago, TottoriJapan
| | - Naoyo Kajitani
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC)Tottori UniversityYonago, TottoriJapan
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC)Tottori UniversityYonago, TottoriJapan
| | - Shoko Takehara
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC)Tottori UniversityYonago, TottoriJapan
| | - Kazuomi Nakamura
- Advanced Medicine, Innovation and Clinical Research CenterTottori University HospitalYonago, TottoriJapan
| | - Atsushi Kurihara
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.Chuo‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC)Tottori UniversityYonago, TottoriJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC)Tottori UniversityYonago, TottoriJapan,Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of MedicineTottori UniversityYonagi, TottoriJapan
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9
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Sato K, Sanoh S, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Ohta S, Kotake Y. Assessment of metabolic activation of felbamate in chimeric mice with humanized liver in combination with in vitro metabolic assays. J Toxicol Sci 2022; 47:277-288. [PMID: 35786679 DOI: 10.2131/jts.47.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Felbamate (FBM) is an antiepileptic drug that has minimal toxicity in preclinical toxicological species but has a serious idiosyncratic drug toxicity (IDT) in humans. The formation of reactive metabolites is common among most drugs associated with IDT, and 2-phenylpropenal (2-PP) is believed to be the cause of IDT by FBM. It is important to consider the species difference in susceptibility to IDT between experimental animals and humans. In the present study, we used an in vitro and in vivo model system to reveal species difference in IDT of FBM. Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) and carboxylesterase (CES) expressing microsomes were used to clarify the isozymes involved in the metabolism of FBM. The remaining amount of FBM was significantly reduced in incubation with microsomes expressing human CYP2C8, 2C9, 2E1, and CES1c isozymes. Chimeric mice with humanized liver are expected to predict IDT in humans. Therefore, metabolite profiles in chimeric mice with humanized liver were investigated after administration of FBM. Metabolites after glutathione (GSH) conjugation of 2-phenylpropenal (2-PP), which is the reactive metabolite responsible for FBM-induced IDT, were detected in chimeric mice plasma and liver homogenate. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) visualizes distribution of FBM and endogenous GSH, and GSH levels in human hepatocyte were decreased after administration of FBM. In this study, we identified CYP and CES isozymes involved in the metabolism of FBM and confirmed reactive metabolite formation and subsequent decrease in GSH using humanized animal model. These results would provide useful information for the susceptibility to IDT between experimental animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Sato
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University.,Non-Clinical Regulatory Science, Applied Research & Operations, Astellas Pharma Inc
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Yuji Ishida
- R&D Dept., PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University
| | - Chise Tateno
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University.,R&D Dept., PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd.,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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10
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Hannon SL, Ding X. Assessing cytochrome P450 function using genetically engineered mouse models. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 95:253-284. [PMID: 35953157 PMCID: PMC10544722 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability to knock out and/or humanize different genes in experimental animals, globally or in cell- and tissue-specific patterns, has revolutionized scientific research in many areas. Genetically engineered mouse models, including knockout models, transgenic models, and humanized models, have played important roles in revealing the in vivo functions of various cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. These functions are very diverse, ranging from the biotransformation of drugs and other xenobiotics, events that often dictate their pharmacokinetic or toxicokinetic properties and the associated therapeutic or adverse actions, to the metabolism of endogenous compounds, such as steroid hormones and other bioactive substances, that may determine susceptibility to many diseases, such as cancer and metabolic diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive list of Cyp-knockout, human CYP-transgenic, and CYP-humanized mouse models that target genes in the CYP1-4 gene families, and highlight their utility in assessing the in vivo metabolism, bioactivation, and toxicity of various xenobiotic compounds, including therapeutic agents and chemical carcinogens. We aim to showcase the advantages of utilizing these mouse models for in vivo drug metabolism and toxicology studies, and to encourage and facilitate greater utility of engineered mouse models to further improve our knowledge of the in vivo functions of various P450 enzymes, which is integral to our ability to develop safer and more effective therapeutics and to identify individuals predisposed to adverse drug reactions or environmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarrah L Hannon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ken R. Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ken R. Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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11
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Uno N, Takata S, Komoto S, Miyamoto H, Nakayama Y, Osaki M, Mayuzumi R, Miyazaki N, Hando C, Abe S, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Suzuki T, Nakajima Y, Oshimura M, Tomizuka K, Kazuki Y. Panel of human cell lines with human/mouse artificial chromosomes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3009. [PMID: 35194085 PMCID: PMC8863800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) and mouse artificial chromosomes (MACs) are non-integrating chromosomal gene delivery vectors for molecular biology research. Recently, microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) of HACs/MACs has been achieved in various human cells that include human immortalised mesenchymal stem cells (hiMSCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, the conventional strategy of gene introduction with HACs/MACs requires laborious and time-consuming stepwise isolation of clones for gene loading into HACs/MACs in donor cell lines (CHO and A9) and then transferring the HAC/MAC into cells via MMCT. To overcome these limitations and accelerate chromosome vector-based functional assays in human cells, we established various human cell lines (HEK293, HT1080, hiMSCs, and hiPSCs) with HACs/MACs that harbour a gene-loading site via MMCT. Model genes, such as tdTomato, TagBFP2, and ELuc, were introduced into these preprepared HAC/MAC-introduced cell lines via the Cre-loxP system or simultaneous insertion of multiple gene-loading vectors. The model genes on the HACs/MACs were stably expressed and the HACs/MACs were stably maintained in the cell lines. Thus, our strategy using this HAC/MAC-containing cell line panel has dramatically simplified and accelerated gene introduction via HACs/MACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Uno
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Shuta Takata
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shinya Komoto
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hitomaru Miyamoto
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Division of Radioisotope Science, Research Initiative Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ryota Mayuzumi
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Natsumi Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hando
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Suzuki
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuma Tomizuka
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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12
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Construction of stable mouse artificial chromosome from native mouse chromosome 10 for generation of transchromosomic mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20050. [PMID: 34625612 PMCID: PMC8501010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian artificial chromosomes derived from native chromosomes have been applied to biomedical research and development by generating cell sources and transchromosomic (Tc) animals. Human artificial chromosome (HAC) is a precedent chromosomal vector which achieved generation of valuable humanized animal models for fully human antibody production and human pharmacokinetics. While humanized Tc animals created by HAC vector have attained significant contributions, there was a potential issue to be addressed regarding stability in mouse tissues, especially highly proliferating hematopoietic cells. Mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vectors derived from native mouse chromosome 11 demonstrated improved stability, and they were utilized for humanized Tc mouse production as a standard vector. In mouse, however, stability of MAC vector derived from native mouse chromosome other than mouse chromosome 11 remains to be evaluated. To clarify the potential of mouse centromeres in the additional chromosomes, we constructed a new MAC vector from native mouse chromosome 10 to evaluate the stability in Tc mice. The new MAC vector was transmitted through germline and stably maintained in the mouse tissues without any apparent abnormalities. Through this study, the potential of additional mouse centromere was demonstrated for Tc mouse production, and new MAC is expected to be used for various applications.
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13
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Minegishi G, Kazuki Y, Nitta SI, Miyajima A, Akita H, Kobayashi K. In vivo evaluation of intestinal human CYP3A inhibition by macrolide antibiotics in CYP3A-humanised mice. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:764-770. [PMID: 34013847 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1921314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It is important to predict drug-drug interactions via inhibition of intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) which is a determinant of bioavailability of orally administered CYP3A substrates. However, inhibitory effects of macrolide antibiotics on CYP3A-mediated metabolism are not entirely identical between humans and rodents.We investigated the effects of macrolide antibiotics, clarithromycin and erythromycin, on in vitro and in vivo metabolism of triazolam, a CYP3A substrate, in CYP3A-humanised mice generated by using a mouse artificial chromosome vector carrying a human CYP3A gene.Metabolic activities of triazolam were inhibited by macrolide antibiotics in liver and intestine microsomes of CYP3A-humanised mice.The area under the plasma concentration-time curve ratios of 4-hydroxytriazolam to triazolam after oral dosing of triazolam were significantly decreased by multiple administration of macrolide antibiotics. The plasma concentrations ratios of α-hydroxytriazolam and 4-hydroxytriazolam to triazolam in portal blood were significantly decreased by multiple administration of clarithromycin in CYP3A-humanised mice.These results suggest that intestinal CYP3A activity was inhibited by macrolide antibiotics in CYP3A-humanised mice in vitro and in vivo. The plasma concentrations of triazolam and its metabolites in the portal blood of CYP3A-humanised mice would be useful for direct evaluation of intestinal CYP3A-mediated drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Minegishi
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nitta
- Bioanalysis Department, Medical Solution Segment, Advanced Technology Center, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Kazuki Y, Uno N, Abe S, Kajitani N, Kazuki K, Yakura Y, Sawada C, Takata S, Sugawara M, Nagashima Y, Okada A, Hiratsuka M, Osaki M, Ferrari G, Tedesco FS, Nishikawa S, Fukumoto K, Takayanagi SI, Kunisato A, Kaneko S, Oshimura M, Tomizuka K. Engineering of human induced pluripotent stem cells via human artificial chromosome vectors for cell therapy and disease modeling. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:629-639. [PMID: 33552683 PMCID: PMC7819819 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds great promise for gene and cell therapy as well as drug discovery. However, there are potential concerns regarding the safety and control of gene expression using conventional vectors such as viruses and plasmids. Although human artificial chromosome (HAC) vectors have several advantages as a gene delivery vector, including stable episomal maintenance and the ability to carry large gene inserts, the full potential of HAC transfer into iPSCs still needs to be explored. Here, we provide evidence of a HAC transfer into human iPSCs by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer via measles virus envelope proteins for various applications, including gene and cell therapy, establishment of versatile human iPSCs capable of gene loading and differentiation into T cells, and disease modeling for aneuploidy syndrome. Thus, engineering of human iPSCs via desired HAC vectors is expected to be widely applied in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Narumi Uno
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Naoyo Kajitani
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yuwna Yakura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sawada
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shuta Takata
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Masaki Sugawara
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nagashima
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Akane Okada
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hiratsuka
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Giulia Ferrari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Satoshi Nishikawa
- Regenerative Medicine Research Laboratories, Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin, Co., Ltd. 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Ken Fukumoto
- Cell Therapy Project, R&D Division, Kirin Holdings, Co., Ltd. 1-13-5, Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Takayanagi
- Cell Therapy Project, R&D Division, Kirin Holdings, Co., Ltd. 1-13-5, Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Atsushi Kunisato
- Project Planning Section, Kirin Holdings, Co., Ltd., 4-10-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0001 Japan
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuma Tomizuka
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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15
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Nakayama Y, Adachi K, Shioda N, Maeta S, Nanba E, Kugoh H. Establishment of FXS-A9 panel with a single human X chromosome from fragile X syndrome-associated individual. Exp Cell Res 2020; 398:112419. [PMID: 33296661 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inheritable form of intellectual disability. FMR1, the gene responsible for FXS, is located on human chromosome Xq27.3 and contains a stretch of CGG trinucleotide repeats in its 5' untranslated region. FXS is caused by CGG repeats that expand beyond 200, resulting in FMR1 silencing via promoter hypermethylation. The molecular mechanism underlying CGG repeat expansion, a fundamental cause of FXS, remains poorly understood, partly due to a lack of experimental systems. Accumulated evidence indicates that the large chromosomal region flanking a CGG repeat is critical for repeat dynamics. In the present study, we isolated and introduced whole human X chromosomes from healthy, FXS premutation carriers, or FXS patients who carried disease condition-associated CGG repeat lengths, into mouse A9 cells via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. The CGG repeat length-associated methylation status and human FMR1 expression in these monochromosomal hybrid cells mimicked those in humans. Thus, this set of A9 cells containing CGG repeats from three different origins (FXS-A9 panel) may provide a valuable resource for investigating a series of genetic and epigenetic CGG repeat dynamics during FXS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakayama
- Division of Radioisotope Science, Research Initiative Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kaori Adachi
- Division of Genomic Science, Research Initiative Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Nofirifumi Shioda
- Department of Genomic Neurology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shoya Maeta
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Eiji Nanba
- Office for Research Strategy, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kugoh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan; Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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16
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Okuyama S, Kawamura F, Kubiura M, Tsuji S, Osaki M, Kugoh H, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y, Tada M. Real-time fluorometric evaluation of hepatoblast proliferation in vivo and in vitro using the expression of CYP3A7 coding for human fetus-specific P450. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00642. [PMID: 32886454 PMCID: PMC7507068 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fields of drug discovery and regenerative medicine require large numbers of adult human primary hepatocytes. For this purpose, it is desirable to use hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Premature hepatoblast-like cells (HB-LCs) differentiated from PSCs provide an intermediate source and steady supply of newly mature HLCs. To develop an efficient HB-LC induction method, we constructed a red fluorescent reporter, CYP3A7R, in which DsRed is placed under the transcriptional control of CYP3A7 coding for a human fetus-type P450 enzyme. Before using this reporter in human cells, we created transgenic mice using mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) carrying a CYP3A7R transgene and confirmed that CYP3A7R was specifically expressed in fetal and newborn livers and reactivated in the adult liver in response to hepatic regeneration. Moreover, we optimized the induction procedure of HB-LCs from transgenic mouse ESCs using semi-quantitative fluorometric evaluation. Activation of Wnt signaling together with chromatin modulation prior to Activin A treatment greatly improved the induction efficiency of HB-LCs. BMP2 and 1.7% dimethyl sulfoxide induced selective proliferation of HB-LCs, which matured to HLCs. Therefore, CYP3A7R will provide a fluorometric evaluation system for high content screening of chemicals that induce HB-LC differentiation, hepatocyte regeneration, and hepatotoxicity when it is introduced into human PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Okuyama
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceToho UniversityFunabashiJapan
| | - Fumihiko Kawamura
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceToho UniversityFunabashiJapan
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and BiofunctionGraduate School of Medical ScienceTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Musashi Kubiura
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceToho UniversityFunabashiJapan
| | - Saori Tsuji
- Chromosome Engineering Research CenterTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Chromosome Engineering Research CenterTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Kugoh
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and BiofunctionGraduate School of Medical ScienceTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
- Chromosome Engineering Research CenterTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research CenterTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and BiofunctionGraduate School of Medical ScienceTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
- Chromosome Engineering Research CenterTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Masako Tada
- Stem Cells & Reprogramming LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyFaculty of ScienceToho UniversityFunabashiJapan
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17
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Human Alphoid tetO Artificial Chromosome as a Gene Therapy Vector for the Developing Hemophilia A Model in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040879. [PMID: 32260189 PMCID: PMC7226776 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human artificial chromosomes (HACs), including the de novo synthesized alphoidtetO-HAC, are a powerful tool for introducing genes of interest into eukaryotic cells. HACs are mitotically stable, non-integrative episomal units that have a large transgene insertion capacity and allow efficient and stable transgene expression. Previously, we have shown that the alphoidtetO-HAC vector does not interfere with the pluripotent state and provides stable transgene expression in human induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) and mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In this study, we have elaborated on a mouse model of ex vivo iPSC- and HAC-based treatment of hemophilia A monogenic disease. iPSCs were developed from FVIIIY/− mutant mice fibroblasts and FVIII cDNA, driven by a ubiquitous promoter, was introduced into the alphoidtetO-HAC in hamster CHO cells. Subsequently, the therapeutic alphoidtetO-HAC-FVIII was transferred into the FVIIIY/– iPSCs via the retro-microcell-mediated chromosome transfer method. The therapeutic HAC was maintained as an episomal non-integrative vector in the mouse iPSCs, showing a constitutive FVIII expression. This study is the first step towards treatment development for hemophilia A monogenic disease with the use of a new generation of the synthetic chromosome vector—the alphoidtetO-HAC.
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Sinenko SA, Ponomartsev SV, Tomilin AN. Human artificial chromosomes for pluripotent stem cell-based tissue replacement therapy. Exp Cell Res 2020; 389:111882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Moriwaki T, Abe S, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Transchromosomic technology for genomically humanized animals. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111914. [PMID: 32142854 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
"Genomically" humanized animals are invaluable tools for generating human disease models and for biomedical research. Humanized animal models have generally been developed via conventional transgenic technologies; however, conventional gene delivery vectors such as viruses, plasmids, bacterial artificial chromosomes, P1 phase-derived artificial chromosomes, and yeast artificial chromosomes have limitations for transgenic animal creation as their loading gene capacity is restricted, and the expression of transgenes is unstable. Transchromosomic (Tc) techniques using mammalian artificial chromosomes, including human chromosome fragments, human artificial chromosomes, and mouse artificial chromosomes, have overcome these limitations. These tools can carry multiple genes or Mb-sized genomic loci and their associated regulatory elements, which has facilitated the creation of more useful and complex transgenic models for human disease, drug development, and humanized animal research. This review describes the history of Tc animal development, the applications of Tc animals, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Moriwaki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Trans Chromosomics, Inc., 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Trans Chromosomics, Inc., 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan; Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan; Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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20
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Current advances in microcell-mediated chromosome transfer technology and its applications. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111915. [PMID: 32092294 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomes and chromosomal gene delivery vectors, human/mouse artificial chromosomes (HACs/MACs), can introduce megabase-order DNA sequences into target cells and are used for applications including gene mapping, gene expression control, gene/cell therapy, and the development of humanized animals and animal models of human disease. Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT), which enables chromosome transfer from donor cells to target cells, is a key technology for these applications. In this review, we summarize the principles of gene transfer with HACs/MACs; their engineering, characteristics, and utility; and recent advances in the chromosome transfer technology.
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Kouprina N, Larionov V. TAR Cloning: Perspectives for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine, and Biotechnology. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 14:16-26. [PMID: 31276008 PMCID: PMC6586605 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Completion of the human genome sequence and recent advances in engineering technologies have enabled an unprecedented level of understanding of DNA variations and their contribution to human diseases and cellular functions. However, in some cases, long-read sequencing technologies do not allow determination of the genomic region carrying a specific mutation (e.g., a mutation located in large segmental duplications). Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning allows selective, most accurate, efficient, and rapid isolation of a given genomic fragment or a full-length gene from simple and complex genomes. Moreover, this method is the only way to simultaneously isolate the same genomic region from multiple individuals. As such, TAR technology is currently in a leading position to create a library of the individual genes that comprise the human genome and physically characterize the sites of chromosomal alterations (copy number variations [CNVs], inversions, translocations) in the human population, associated with the predisposition to different diseases, including cancer. It is our belief that such a library and analysis of the human genome will be of great importance to the growing field of gene therapy, new drug design methods, and genomic research. In this review, we detail the motivation for TAR cloning for human genome studies, biotechnology, and biomedicine, discuss the recent progress of some TAR-based projects, and describe how TAR technology in combination with HAC (human artificial chromosome)-based and CRISPR-based technologies may contribute in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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22
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Kobayashi K, Kuze J, Abe S, Takehara S, Minegishi G, Igarashi K, Kitajima S, Kanno J, Yamamoto T, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. CYP3A4 Induction in the Liver and Intestine of Pregnane X Receptor/CYP3A-Humanized Mice: Approaches by Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Portal Blood Analysis. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:600-608. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Minegishi G, Kazuki Y, Yamasaki Y, Okuya F, Akita H, Oshimura M, Kobayashi K. Comparison of the hepatic metabolism of triazolam in wild-type andCyp3a-knockout mice for understanding CYP3A-mediated metabolism inCYP3A-humanised mice in vivo. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1303-1310. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1560516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Genki Minegishi
- Laboratory of DDS design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamasaki
- Laboratory of DDS design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fuka Okuya
- Laboratory of DDS design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory of DDS design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of DDS design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Ukai H, Sumiyama K, Ueda HR. Next-generation human genetics for organism-level systems biology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 58:137-145. [PMID: 30954899 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Systems-biological approaches, such as comprehensive identification and analysis of system components and networks, are necessary to understand design principles of human physiology and pathology. Although reverse genetics using mouse models have been used previously, it is a low throughput method because of the need for repetitive crossing to produce mice having all cells of the body with knock-out or knock-in mutations. Moreover, there are often issues from the interspecific gap between humans and mice. To overcome these problems, high-throughput methods for producing knock-out or knock-in mice are necessary. In this review, we describe 'next-generation' human genetics, which can be defined as high-throughput mammalian genetics without crossing to knock out human-mouse ortholog genes or to knock in genetically humanized mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ukai
- ES-mouse/Virus Core, International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenta Sumiyama
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Humanized UGT2 and CYP3A transchromosomic rats for improved prediction of human drug metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3072-3081. [PMID: 30718425 PMCID: PMC6386724 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808255116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomically humanized animals overcoming species differences are invaluable for biomedical research. Although rats would be preferred over mice for several applications, generation of a humanized model is restricted to mice due to the difficulty of complex genetic manipulations in rats. In this study, we successfully generated humanized rats with megabase-sized gene clusters via combination of chromosome transfer using mouse artificial chromosome vector and genome editing technologies. In the humanized UGT2 and CYP3A transchromosomic rats described in this paper, the expression of the human genes, as well as the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of relevant probe substrates, accurately mimic the situation in humans. Thus, the advanced technologies can be used to generate fully humanized rats useful for biomedical research. Although “genomically” humanized animals are invaluable tools for generating human disease models as well as for biomedical research, their development has been mainly restricted to mice via established transgenic-based and embryonic stem cell-based technologies. Since rats are widely used for studying human disease and for drug efficacy and toxicity testing, humanized rat models would be preferred over mice for several applications. However, the development of sophisticated humanized rat models has been hampered by the difficulty of complex genetic manipulations in rats. Additionally, several genes and gene clusters, which are megabase range in size, were difficult to introduce into rats with conventional technologies. As a proof of concept, we herein report the generation of genomically humanized rats expressing key human drug-metabolizing enzymes in the absence of their orthologous rat counterparts via the combination of chromosome transfer using mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) and genome editing technologies. About 1.5 Mb and 700 kb of the entire UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 and cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A genomic regions, respectively, were successfully introduced via the MACs into rats. The transchromosomic rats were combined with rats carrying deletions of the endogenous orthologous genes, achieved by genome editing. In the “transchromosomic humanized” rat strains, the gene expression, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism observed in humans were well reproduced. Thus, the combination of chromosome transfer and genome editing technologies can be used to generate fully humanized rats for improved prediction of the pharmacokinetics and drug–drug interactions in humans, and for basic research, drug discovery, and development.
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26
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Sinenko SA, Skvortsova EV, Liskovykh MA, Ponomartsev SV, Kuzmin AA, Khudiakov AA, Malashicheva AB, Alenina N, Larionov V, Kouprina N, Tomilin AN. Transfer of Synthetic Human Chromosome into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Biomedical Applications. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120261. [PMID: 30544831 PMCID: PMC6316689 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AlphoidtetO-type human artificial chromosome (HAC) has been recently synthetized as a novel class of gene delivery vectors for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based tissue replacement therapeutic approach. This HAC vector was designed to deliver copies of genes into patients with genetic diseases caused by the loss of a particular gene function. The alphoidtetO-HAC vector has been successfully transferred into murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and maintained stably as an independent chromosome during the proliferation and differentiation of these cells. Human ESCs and iPSCs have significant differences in culturing conditions and pluripotency state in comparison with the murine naïve-type ESCs and iPSCs. To date, transferring alphoidtetO-HAC vector into human iPSCs (hiPSCs) remains a challenging task. In this study, we performed the microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) of alphoidtetO-HAC expressing the green fluorescent protein into newly generated hiPSCs. We used a recently modified MMCT method that employs an envelope protein of amphotropic murine leukemia virus as a targeting cell fusion agent. Our data provide evidence that a totally artificial vector, alphoidtetO-HAC, can be transferred and maintained in human iPSCs as an independent autonomous chromosome without affecting pluripotent properties of the cells. These data also open new perspectives for implementing alphoidtetO-HAC as a gene therapy tool in future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Sinenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., St-Petersburg 194064, Russia.
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, Gatchina 188300, Russia.
| | - Elena V Skvortsova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., St-Petersburg 194064, Russia.
| | - Mikhail A Liskovykh
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Sergey V Ponomartsev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., St-Petersburg 194064, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Kuzmin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., St-Petersburg 194064, Russia.
| | - Aleksandr A Khudiakov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., St-Petersburg 197341, Russia.
| | - Anna B Malashicheva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Str., St-Petersburg 197341, Russia.
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, 10 Robert-Rössle-Straße, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Alexey N Tomilin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., St-Petersburg 194064, Russia.
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St-Petersburg State University, 7-9, Universitetskaya nab., St-Petersburg 199034, Russia.
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Lee HS, Carmena M, Liskovykh M, Peat E, Kim JH, Oshimura M, Masumoto H, Teulade-Fichou MP, Pommier Y, Earnshaw WC, Larionov V, Kouprina N. Systematic Analysis of Compounds Specifically Targeting Telomeres and Telomerase for Clinical Implications in Cancer Therapy. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6282-6296. [PMID: 30166419 PMCID: PMC6214708 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The targeting of telomerase and telomere maintenance mechanisms represents a promising therapeutic approach for various types of cancer. In this work, we designed a new protocol to screen for and rank the efficacy of compounds specifically targeting telomeres and telomerase. This approach used two isogenic cell lines containing a circular human artificial chromosome (HAC, lacking telomeres) and a linear HAC (containing telomeres) marked with the EGFP transgene; compounds that target telomerase or telomeres should preferentially induce loss of the linear HAC but not the circular HAC. Our assay allowed quantification of chromosome loss by routine flow cytometry. We applied this dual-HAC assay to rank a set of known and newly developed compounds, including G-quadruplex (G4) ligands. Among the latter group, two compounds, Cu-ttpy and Pt-ttpy, induced a high rate of linear HAC loss with no significant effect on the mitotic stability of a circular HAC. Analysis of the mitotic phenotypes induced by these drugs revealed an elevated rate of chromatin bridges in late mitosis and cytokinesis as well as UFB (ultrafine bridges). Chromosome loss after Pt-ttpy or Cu-ttpy treatment correlated with the induction of telomere-associated DNA damage. Overall, this platform enables identification and ranking of compounds that greatly increase chromosome mis-segregation rates as a result of telomere dysfunction and may expedite the development of new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.Significance: An assay provides a unique opportunity to screen thousands of chemical compounds for their ability to inactivate replication of telomeric ends in cancer cells and holds potential to lay the foundation for the discovery of new treatments for cancer. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6282-96. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sheung Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mar Carmena
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Mikhail Liskovykh
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Emma Peat
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou
- Chemistry Modelling and Imaging for Biology, CNRS UMR 9187- INSERM U1196 Institute Curie, Research Center, Campus University Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
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Karlgren M, Simoff I, Keiser M, Oswald S, Artursson P. CRISPR-Cas9: A New Addition to the Drug Metabolism and Disposition Tool Box. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1776-1786. [PMID: 30126863 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.082842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9), i.e., CRISPR-Cas9, has been extensively used as a gene-editing technology during recent years. Unlike earlier technologies for gene editing or gene knockdown, such as zinc finger nucleases and RNA interference, CRISPR-Cas9 is comparably easy to use, affordable, and versatile. Recently, CRISPR-Cas9 has been applied in studies of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and for ADME model generation. To date, about 50 papers have been published describing in vitro or in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of ADME and ADME-related genes. Twenty of these papers describe gene editing of clinically relevant genes, such as ATP-binding cassette drug transporters and cytochrome P450 drug-metabolizing enzymes. With CRISPR-Cas9, the ADME tool box has been substantially expanded. This new technology allows us to develop better and more predictive in vitro and in vivo ADME models and map previously underexplored ADME genes and gene families. In this mini-review, we give an overview of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology and summarize recent applications of CRISPR-Cas9 within the ADME field. We also speculate about future applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in ADME research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karlgren
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
| | - I Simoff
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
| | - M Keiser
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
| | - S Oswald
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
| | - P Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
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Bissig KD, Han W, Barzi M, Kovalchuk N, Ding L, Fan X, Pankowicz FP, Zhang QY, Ding X. P450-Humanized and Human Liver Chimeric Mouse Models for Studying Xenobiotic Metabolism and Toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1734-1744. [PMID: 30093418 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.083303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evaluation of drug candidates in experimental animal models is an essential step in drug development. Humanized mouse models have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional animal models. The purpose of this mini-review is to provide a brief survey of currently available mouse models for studying human xenobiotic metabolism. Here, we describe both genetic humanization and human liver chimeric mouse models, focusing on the advantages and limitations while outlining their key features and applications. Although this field of biomedical science is relatively young, these humanized mouse models have the potential to transform preclinical drug testing and eventually lead to a more cost-effective and rapid development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Dimiter Bissig
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.-D.B., M.B., F.P.P.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (W.H., N.K., L.D., X.F., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.)
| | - Weiguo Han
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.-D.B., M.B., F.P.P.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (W.H., N.K., L.D., X.F., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.)
| | - Mercedes Barzi
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.-D.B., M.B., F.P.P.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (W.H., N.K., L.D., X.F., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.)
| | - Nataliia Kovalchuk
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.-D.B., M.B., F.P.P.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (W.H., N.K., L.D., X.F., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.)
| | - Liang Ding
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.-D.B., M.B., F.P.P.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (W.H., N.K., L.D., X.F., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.)
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.-D.B., M.B., F.P.P.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (W.H., N.K., L.D., X.F., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.)
| | - Francis P Pankowicz
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.-D.B., M.B., F.P.P.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (W.H., N.K., L.D., X.F., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.)
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.-D.B., M.B., F.P.P.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (W.H., N.K., L.D., X.F., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.)
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.-D.B., M.B., F.P.P.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (W.H., N.K., L.D., X.F., Q.-Y.Z., X.D.)
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Yamasaki Y, Kobayashi K, Okuya F, Kajitani N, Kazuki K, Abe S, Takehara S, Ito S, Ogata S, Uemura T, Ohtsuki S, Minegishi G, Akita H, Chiba K, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Characterization of P-Glycoprotein Humanized Mice Generated by Chromosome Engineering Technology: Its Utility for Prediction of Drug Distribution to the Brain in Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1756-1766. [PMID: 29777024 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the MDR1 gene in humans and by the Mdr1a/1b genes in rodents, is expressed in numerous tissues and performs as an efflux pump to limit the distribution and absorption of many drugs. Owing to species differences of P-gp between humans and rodents, it is difficult to predict the impact of P-gp on pharmacokinetics and the tissue distribution of P-gp substrates in humans from the results of animal experiments. Therefore, we generated a novel P-gp humanized mouse model by using a mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vector [designated human MDR1-MAC (hMDR1-MAC) mice]. The results showed that hMDR1 mRNA was expressed in various tissues of hMDR1-MAC mice. Furthermore, the expression of human P-gp was detected in the brain capillary fraction and plasma membrane fraction of intestinal epithelial cells isolated from hMDR1-MAC mice, although the expression levels of intestinal P-gp were extremely low. Thus, we evaluated the function of human P-gp at the blood-brain barrier of hMDR1-MAC mice. The brain-to-plasma ratios of P-gp substrates in hMDR1-MAC mice were much lower than those in Mdr1a/1b-knockout mice, and the brain-to-plasma ratio of paclitaxel was significantly increased by pretreatment with a P-gp inhibitor in hMDR1-MAC mice. These results indicated that the hMDR1-MAC mice are the first P-gp humanized mice expressing functional human P-gp at the blood-brain barrier. This mouse is a promising model with which to evaluate species differences of P-gp between humans and mice in vivo and to estimate the brain distribution of drugs in humans while taking into account species differences of P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Fuka Okuya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Naoyo Kajitani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Shoko Takehara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Shingo Ito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Seiryo Ogata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Tatsuki Uemura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Genki Minegishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Kan Chiba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
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Nitta SI, Hashimoto M, Kazuki Y, Takehara S, Suzuki H, Oshimura M, Akita H, Chiba K, Kobayashi K. Evaluation of 4β-Hydroxycholesterol and 25-Hydroxycholesterol as Endogenous Biomarkers of CYP3A4: Study with CYP3A-Humanized Mice. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:61. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Honma K, Abe S, Endo T, Uno N, Oshimura M, Ohbayashi T, Kazuki Y. Development of a multiple-gene-loading method by combining multi-integration system-equipped mouse artificial chromosome vector and CRISPR-Cas9. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193642. [PMID: 29505588 PMCID: PMC5837097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vectors have several advantages as gene delivery vectors, such as stable and independent maintenance in host cells without integration, transferability from donor cells to recipient cells via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT), and the potential for loading a megabase-sized DNA fragment. Previously, a MAC containing a multi-integrase platform (MI-MAC) was developed to facilitate the transfer of multiple genes into desired cells. Although the MI system can theoretically hold five gene-loading vectors (GLVs), there are a limited number of drugs available for the selection of multiple-GLV integration. To overcome this issue, we attempted to knock out and reuse drug resistance genes (DRGs) using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. In this study, we developed new methods for multiple-GLV integration. As a proof of concept, we introduced five GLVs in the MI-MAC by these methods, in which each GLV contained a gene encoding a fluorescent or luminescent protein (EGFP, mCherry, BFP, Eluc, and Cluc). Genes of interest (GOI) on the MI-MAC were expressed stably and functionally without silencing in the host cells. Furthermore, the MI-MAC carrying five GLVs was transferred to other cells by MMCT, and the resultant recipient cells exhibited all five fluorescence/luminescence signals. Thus, the MI-MAC was successfully used as a multiple-GLV integration vector using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. The MI-MAC employing these methods may resolve bottlenecks in developing multiple-gene humanized models, multiple-gene monitoring models, disease models, reprogramming, and inducible gene expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Honma
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Tottori Industrial Promotion Organization, Tottori, Tottori, Japan
| | - Narumi Uno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohbayashi
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Satoh D, Abe S, Kobayashi K, Nakajima Y, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Human and mouse artificial chromosome technologies for studies of pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 33:17-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Uno N, Abe S, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Combinations of chromosome transfer and genome editing for the development of cell/animal models of human disease and humanized animal models. J Hum Genet 2017; 63:145-156. [PMID: 29180645 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome transfer technology, including chromosome modification, enables the introduction of Mb-sized or multiple genes to desired cells or animals. This technology has allowed innovative developments to be made for models of human disease and humanized animals, including Down syndrome model mice and humanized transchromosomic (Tc) immunoglobulin mice. Genome editing techniques are developing rapidly, and permit modifications such as gene knockout and knockin to be performed in various cell lines and animals. This review summarizes chromosome transfer-related technologies and the combined technologies of chromosome transfer and genome editing mainly for the production of cell/animal models of human disease and humanized animal models. Specifically, these include: (1) chromosome modification with genome editing in Chinese hamster ovary cells and mouse A9 cells for efficient transfer to desired cell types; (2) single-nucleotide polymorphism modification in humanized Tc mice with genome editing; and (3) generation of a disease model of Down syndrome-associated hematopoiesis abnormalities by the transfer of human chromosome 21 to normal human embryonic stem cells and the induction of mutation(s) in the endogenous gene(s) with genome editing. These combinations of chromosome transfer and genome editing open up new avenues for drug development and therapy as well as for basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Uno
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.,Trans Chromosomics Inc., 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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Modification of single-nucleotide polymorphism in a fully humanized CYP3A mouse by genome editing technology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15189. [PMID: 29123154 PMCID: PMC5680201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A (CYP3A) enzymes metabolize approximately 50% of commercially available drugs. Recently, we developed fully humanized transchromosomic (Tc) CYP3A mice with the CYP3A cluster including CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and CYP3A43. Our humanized CYP3A mice have the CYP3A5*3 (g.6986G) allele, resulting in the almost absence of CYP3A5 protein expression in the liver and intestine. To produce model mice for predicting CYP3A5′s contribution to pharmacokinetics, we performed a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) modification of CYP3A5 (g.6986G to A, *3 to *1) on the CYP3A cluster using genome editing in both mouse ES cells and fertilized eggs, and produced humanized CYP3A5*1 mice recapitulating the CYP3A5*1 carrier phenotype in humans. The humanized CYP3A mouse with CYP3A5*1 is the first Tc mouse for predicting the SNP effect on pharmacokinetics in humans. The combination of Tc technology and genome editing enables the production of useful humanized models that reflect humans with different SNPs.
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36
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CRISPR/Cas9-induced transgene insertion and telomere-associated truncation of a single human chromosome for chromosome engineering in CHO and A9 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12739. [PMID: 28986519 PMCID: PMC5630592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome engineering techniques including gene insertion, telomere-associated truncation and microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) are powerful tools for generation of humanised model animal, containing megabase-sized genomic fragments. However, these techniques require two cell lines: homologous recombination (HR)-proficient DT40 cells for chromosome modification, and CHO cells for transfer to recipient cells. Here we show an improved technique using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9-induced HR in CHO and mouse A9 cells without DT40 cells following MMCT to recipient cells. Transgene insertion was performed in CHO cells with the insertion of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) using CRISPR/Cas9 and a circular targeting vector containing two 3 kb HR arms. Telomere-associated truncation was performed in CHO cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and a linearised truncation vector containing a single 7 kb HR arm at the 5′ end, a 1 kb artificial telomere at the 3′ end. At least 11% and 6% of the targeting efficiency were achieved for transgene insertion and telomere-associated truncation, respectively. The transgene insertion was also confirmed in A9 cells (29%). The modified chromosomes were transferrable to other cells. Thus, this CHO and A9 cell-mediated chromosome engineering using the CRISPR/Cas9 for direct transfer of the modified chromosome is a rapid technique that will facilitate chromosome manipulation.
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van de Werken HJG, Haan JC, Feodorova Y, Bijos D, Weuts A, Theunis K, Holwerda SJB, Meuleman W, Pagie L, Thanisch K, Kumar P, Leonhardt H, Marynen P, van Steensel B, Voet T, de Laat W, Solovei I, Joffe B. Small chromosomal regions position themselves autonomously according to their chromatin class. Genome Res 2017; 27:922-933. [PMID: 28341771 PMCID: PMC5453326 DOI: 10.1101/gr.213751.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The spatial arrangement of chromatin is linked to the regulation of nuclear processes. One striking aspect of nuclear organization is the spatial segregation of heterochromatic and euchromatic domains. The mechanisms of this chromatin segregation are still poorly understood. In this work, we investigated the link between the primary genomic sequence and chromatin domains. We analyzed the spatial intranuclear arrangement of a human artificial chromosome (HAC) in a xenospecific mouse background in comparison to an orthologous region of native mouse chromosome. The two orthologous regions include segments that can be assigned to three major chromatin classes according to their gene abundance and repeat repertoire: (1) gene-rich and SINE-rich euchromatin; (2) gene-poor and LINE/LTR-rich heterochromatin; and (3) gene-depleted and satellite DNA-containing constitutive heterochromatin. We show, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 4C-seq technologies, that chromatin segments ranging from 0.6 to 3 Mb cluster with segments of the same chromatin class. As a consequence, the chromatin segments acquire corresponding positions in the nucleus irrespective of their chromosomal context, thereby strongly suggesting that this is their autonomous property. Interactions with the nuclear lamina, although largely retained in the HAC, reveal less autonomy. Taken together, our results suggest that building of a functional nucleus is largely a self-organizing process based on mutual recognition of chromosome segments belonging to the major chromatin classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmen J G van de Werken
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Josien C Haan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Yana Feodorova
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dominika Bijos
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - An Weuts
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Koen Theunis
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Sjoerd J B Holwerda
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Meuleman
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ludo Pagie
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Thanisch
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter Marynen
- Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Bas van Steensel
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Wouter de Laat
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Irina Solovei
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Boris Joffe
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Yamazaki H. Differences in Toxicological and Pharmacological Responses Mediated by Polymorphic Cytochromes P450 and Related Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:53-60. [PMID: 27750412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Research over the past 30 years has elucidated the roles of polymorphic human liver cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes associated with toxicological and/or pharmacological actions. Thalidomide exerts its various pharmacological and toxic actions in primates through multiple mechanisms, including nonspecific modification of many protein networks after bioactivation by autoinduced human P450 enzymes. To overcome species differences between rodents, currently, nonhuman primates and/or mouse models with transplanted human hepatocytes are used. Interindividual variability of P450-dependent drug clearances in cynomolgus monkeys and common marmosets is partly accounted for by polymorphic P450 variants and/or aging, just as it is in humans with increased prevalence of polypharmacy. Genotyping of P450 genes in nonhuman primates would be beneficial before and/or after drug metabolism and toxicity testing and evaluation as well in humans. Genome-wide association studies in humans have been rapidly advanced; however, unique whole-gene deletion of P450 2A6 was subsequently developed to cover nicotine-related lung cancer risk study. Regarding polypharmacy, toxicological research should generally be aimed at identifying the risk of adverse drug events following specific potential drug exposures by examining single or multiple metabolic pathways involving single or multiple drug-metabolizing enzymes. Current and next-generation research of drug metabolism and disposition resulting in drug toxicity would be addressed under advanced knowledge of polymorphic and age-related intra- and/or interspecies differences of drug-metabolizing enzymes. In the near future, humanized animal models combining transplanted hepatocytes and a humanized immune system may be available to study human immune reactions caused by human-type drug metabolites. Such sophisticated models should provide preclinical predictions of human drug metabolism and potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
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Hashimoto M, Kobayashi K, Yamazaki M, Kazuki Y, Takehara S, Oshimura M, Chiba K. Cyp3a deficiency enhances androgen receptor activity and cholesterol synthesis in the mouse prostate. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 163:121-8. [PMID: 27137100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone regulates cellular functions in the prostate through activation of the androgen receptor (AR), which may enhance expression levels of cholesterogenic enzymes through activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein2 (SREBP2). Because testosterone is inactivated to 6β-hydroxytestosterone by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), we examined the effects of Cyp3a deficiency on circulating testosterone levels and its effects on activation of the AR and expression levels of cholesterogenic enzymes in the prostate using Cyp3a-knockout (Cyp3a(-/-)) mice. The results showed that Cyp3a(-/-) mice had remarkably increased free testosterone levels in plasma along with suppressed testosterone 6β-hydroxylation activities in liver microsomes, suggesting that Cyp3a is a major determinant of systemic levels of testosterone in mice. The results also showed that mRNA expression levels of the AR target genes were increased significantly, and that AR bindings to the promoter region of the AR target genes were more abundant in the prostates of Cyp3a(-/-) mice. These findings suggest that AR activation was stimulated in the prostate of Cyp3a(-/-) mice. In addition, the protein expression levels of SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), mRNA expression levels of SREBP2 target genes and total cholesterol contents were increased in the prostates of Cyp3a(-/-) mice. The findings suggest that Cyp3a deficiency stimulated the expression of Scap via activation of the AR, which elevated cholesterogenic gene expression levels through activation of SREBP2 and increased total cholesterol contents in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Mana Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, Japan; Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shoko Takehara
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kan Chiba
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
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40
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Yamazaki H, Suemizu H, Kazuki Y, Oofusa K, Kuribayashi S, Shimizu M, Ninomiya S, Horie T, Shibata N, Guengerich FP. Assessment of Protein Binding of 5-Hydroxythalidomide Bioactivated in Humanized Mice with Human P450 3A-Chromosome or Hepatocytes by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis/Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1279-81. [PMID: 27464947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioactivation of 5-hydroxy-[carbonyl-(14)C]thalidomide, a known metabolite of thalidomide, by human artificial or native cytochrome P450 3A enzymes, and nonspecific binding in livers of mice was assessed using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with accelerator mass spectrometry. The apparent major target proteins were liver microsomal cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 and ATP synthase subunit α in mice containing humanized P450 3A genes or transplanted humanized liver. Liver cytosolic retinal dehydrogenase 1 and glutathione transferase A1 were targets in humanized mice with P450 3A and hepatocytes, respectively. 5-Hydroxythalidomide is bioactivated by human P450 3A enzymes and trapped with proteins nonspecifically in humanized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University , Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ken Oofusa
- Idea Consultants Inc. , Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-8519, Japan
| | | | - Makiko Shimizu
- Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | | | - Toru Horie
- Drug Discovery and Development Institute , Tsukuba, Ibaragi 305-0036, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology , Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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Yamazaki H, Suemizu H, Mitsui M, Shimizu M, Guengerich FP. Combining Chimeric Mice with Humanized Liver, Mass Spectrometry, and Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1903-1911. [PMID: 27337115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Species differences exist in terms of drug oxidation activities, which are mediated mainly by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. To overcome the problem of species extrapolation, transchromosomic mice containing a human P450 3A cluster or chimeric mice transplanted with human hepatocytes have been introduced into the human toxicology research area. In this review, drug metabolism and disposition mediated by humanized livers in chimeric mice are summarized in terms of biliary/urinary excretions of phthalate and bisphenol A and plasma clearances of the human cocktail probe drugs caffeine, warfarin, omeprazole, metoprolol, and midazolam. Simulation of human plasma concentrations of the teratogen thalidomide and its human metabolites is possible with a simplified physiologically based pharmacokinetic model based on data obtained in chimeric mice, in accordance with reported clinical thalidomide concentrations. In addition, in vivo nonspecific hepatic protein binding parameters of metabolically activated 14C-drug candidate and hepatotoxic medicines in humanized liver mice can be analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry and are useful for predictions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Marina Mitsui
- Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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Suzuki T, Kazuki Y, Oshimura M, Hara T. Highly Efficient Transfer of Chromosomes to a Broad Range of Target Cells Using Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Expressing Murine Leukemia Virus-Derived Envelope Proteins. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157187. [PMID: 27271046 PMCID: PMC4896634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) is an essential step for introducing chromosomes from donor cells to recipient cells. MMCT allows not only for genetic/epigenetic analysis of specific chromosomes, but also for utilization of human and mouse artificial chromosomes (HACs/MACs) as gene delivery vectors. Although the scientific demand for genome scale analyses is increasing, the poor transfer efficiency of the current method has hampered the application of chromosome engineering technology. Here, we developed a highly efficient chromosome transfer method, called retro-MMCT, which is based on Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing envelope proteins derived from ecotropic or amphotropic murine leukemia viruses. Using this method, we transferred MACs to NIH3T3 cells with 26.5 times greater efficiency than that obtained using the conventional MMCT method. Retro-MMCT was applicable to a variety of recipient cells, including embryonic stem cells. Moreover, retro-MMCT enabled efficient transfer of MAC to recipient cells derived from humans, monkeys, mice, rats, and rabbits. These results demonstrate the utility of retro-MMCT for the efficient transfer of chromosomes to various types of target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Suzuki
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hara
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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43
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Moorthy B, Chu C, Carlin DJ. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: from metabolism to lung cancer. Toxicol Sci 2016; 145:5-15. [PMID: 25911656 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) often results in lung cancer, a disease with the highest cancer mortality in the United States. After entry into the lung, PAHs induce phase I metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases, i.e. CYP1A1/2 and 1B1, and phase II enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases, UDP glucuronyl transferases, NADPH quinone oxidoreductases (NQOs), aldo-keto reductases (AKRs), and epoxide hydrolases (EHs), via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent and independent pathways. Humans can also be exposed to PAHs through diet, via consumption of charcoal broiled foods. Metabolism of PAHs through the CYP1A1/1B1/EH pathway, CYP peroxidase pathway, and AKR pathway leads to the formation of the active carcinogens diol-epoxides, radical cations, and o-quinones. These reactive metabolites produce DNA adducts, resulting in DNA mutations, alteration of gene expression profiles, and tumorigenesis. Mutations in xenobiotic metabolic enzymes, as well as polymorphisms of tumor suppressor genes (e.g. p53) and/or genes involved in gene expression (e.g. X-ray repair cross-complementing proteins), are associated with lung cancer susceptibility in human populations from different ethnicities, gender, and age groups. Although various metabolic activation/inactivation pathways, AhR signaling, and genetic susceptibilities contribute to lung cancer, the precise points at which PAHs induce tumor initiation remain unknown. The goal of this review is to provide a current state-of-the-science of the mechanisms of human lung carcinogenesis mediated by PAHs, the experimental approaches used to study this complex class of compounds, and future directions for research of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagavatula Moorthy
- *Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas and Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Chun Chu
- *Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas and Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Danielle J Carlin
- *Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas and Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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Thalidomide-induced limb abnormalities in a humanized CYP3A mouse model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21419. [PMID: 26903378 PMCID: PMC4763305 DOI: 10.1038/srep21419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide is a teratogen in humans but not in rodents. It causes multiple birth defects including malformations of limbs, ears, and other organs. However, the species-specific mechanism of thalidomide teratogenicity is not completely understood. Reproduction of the human teratogenicity of thalidomide in rodents has previously failed because of the lack of a model reflecting human drug metabolism. In addition, because the maternal metabolic effect cannot be eliminated, the migration of unchanged thalidomide to embryos is suppressed, and the metabolic activation is insufficient to develop teratogenicity. Previously, we generated transchromosomic mice containing a human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A cluster in which the endogenous mouse Cyp3a genes were deleted. Here, we determined whether human CYP3A or mouse Cyp3a enzyme expression was related to the species difference in a whole embryo culture system using humanized CYP3A mouse embryos. Thalidomide-treated embryos with the human CYP3A gene cluster showed limb abnormalities, and human CYP3A was expressed in the placenta, suggesting that human CYP3A in the placenta may contribute to the teratogenicity of thalidomide. These data suggest that the humanized CYP3A mouse is a useful model to predict embryonic toxicity in humans.
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Nakada N, Kawamura A, Kamimura H, Sato K, Kazuki Y, Kakuni M, Ohbuchi M, Kato K, Tateno C, Oshimura M, Usui T. MurineCyp3aknockout chimeric mice with humanized liver: prediction of the metabolic profile of nefazodone in humans. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2016; 37:3-14. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Nakada
- Drug Metabolism Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc.; Osaka Japan
| | - Akio Kawamura
- Drug Metabolism Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc.; Osaka Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kamimura
- ADME & Tox Research Institute; Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd; Tokyo Japan
| | - Koya Sato
- Drug Metabolism Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc.; Osaka Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science; Tottori University; Yonago Tottori Japan
| | | | - Masato Ohbuchi
- Drug Metabolism Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc.; Osaka Japan
| | - Kota Kato
- Drug Metabolism Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc.; Osaka Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- PhoenixBio, Co., Ltd; Higashi Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
- Liver Research Project Center; Hiroshima University; Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science; Tottori University; Yonago Tottori Japan
| | - Takashi Usui
- Drug Metabolism Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc.; Osaka Japan
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46
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Oshimura M, Uno N, Kazuki Y, Katoh M, Inoue T. A pathway from chromosome transfer to engineering resulting in human and mouse artificial chromosomes for a variety of applications to bio-medical challenges. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:111-33. [PMID: 25657031 PMCID: PMC4365188 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-014-9459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) is a technique to transfer a chromosome from defined donor cells into recipient cells and to manipulate chromosomes as gene delivery vectors and open a new avenue in somatic cell genetics. However, it is difficult to uncover the function of a single specific gene via the transfer of an entire chromosome or fragment, because each chromosome or fragment contains a set of numerous genes. Thus, alternative tools are human artificial chromosome (HAC) and mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vectors, which can carry a gene or genes of interest. HACs/MACs have been generated mainly by either a "top-down approach" (engineered creation) or a "bottom-up approach" (de novo creation). HACs/MACs with one or more acceptor sites exhibit several characteristics required by an ideal gene delivery vector, including stable episomal maintenance and the capacity to carry large genomic loci plus their regulatory elements, thus allowing the physiological regulation of the introduced gene in a manner similar to that of native chromosomes. The MMCT technique is also applied for manipulating HACs and MACs in donor cells and delivering them to recipient cells. This review describes the lessons learned and prospects identified from studies on the construction of HACs and MACs, and their ability to drive exogenous gene expression in cultured cells and transgenic animals via MMCT. New avenues for a variety of applications to bio-medical challenges are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan,
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Scheer N, Kapelyukh Y, Rode A, Oswald S, Busch D, McLaughlin LA, Lin D, Henderson CJ, Wolf CR. Defining Human Pathways of Drug Metabolism In Vivo through the Development of a Multiple Humanized Mouse Model. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1679-90. [PMID: 26265742 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Variability in drug pharmacokinetics is a major factor in defining drug efficacy and side effects. There remains an urgent need, particularly with the growing use of polypharmacy, to obtain more informative experimental data predicting clinical outcomes. Major species differences in multiplicity, substrate specificity, and regulation of enzymes from the cytochrome P450-dependent mono-oxygenase system play a critical role in drug metabolism. To develop an in vivo model for predicting human responses to drugs, we generated a mouse, where 31 P450 genes from the Cyp2c, Cyp2d, and Cyp3a gene families were exchanged for their relevant human counterparts. The model has been improved through additional humanization for the nuclear receptors constitutive androgen receptor and pregnane X receptor that control the expression of key drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. In this most complex humanized mouse model reported to date, the cytochromes P450 function as predicted and we illustrate how these mice can be applied to predict drug-drug interactions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Scheer
- Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Köln, Germany (N.S., A.R.); University Medicine of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Greifswald, Germany (S.O., D.B); and Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (Y.K., L.A.M., D.L., C.H., C.R.W)
| | - Yury Kapelyukh
- Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Köln, Germany (N.S., A.R.); University Medicine of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Greifswald, Germany (S.O., D.B); and Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (Y.K., L.A.M., D.L., C.H., C.R.W)
| | - Anja Rode
- Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Köln, Germany (N.S., A.R.); University Medicine of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Greifswald, Germany (S.O., D.B); and Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (Y.K., L.A.M., D.L., C.H., C.R.W)
| | - Stefan Oswald
- Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Köln, Germany (N.S., A.R.); University Medicine of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Greifswald, Germany (S.O., D.B); and Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (Y.K., L.A.M., D.L., C.H., C.R.W)
| | - Diana Busch
- Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Köln, Germany (N.S., A.R.); University Medicine of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Greifswald, Germany (S.O., D.B); and Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (Y.K., L.A.M., D.L., C.H., C.R.W)
| | - Lesley A McLaughlin
- Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Köln, Germany (N.S., A.R.); University Medicine of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Greifswald, Germany (S.O., D.B); and Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (Y.K., L.A.M., D.L., C.H., C.R.W)
| | - De Lin
- Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Köln, Germany (N.S., A.R.); University Medicine of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Greifswald, Germany (S.O., D.B); and Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (Y.K., L.A.M., D.L., C.H., C.R.W)
| | - Colin J Henderson
- Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Köln, Germany (N.S., A.R.); University Medicine of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Greifswald, Germany (S.O., D.B); and Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (Y.K., L.A.M., D.L., C.H., C.R.W)
| | - C Roland Wolf
- Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Köln, Germany (N.S., A.R.); University Medicine of Greifswald, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Greifswald, Germany (S.O., D.B); and Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom (Y.K., L.A.M., D.L., C.H., C.R.W)
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48
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Scheer N, Wilson ID. A comparison between genetically humanized and chimeric liver humanized mouse models for studies in drug metabolism and toxicity. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:250-63. [PMID: 26360054 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mice that have been genetically humanized for proteins involved in drug metabolism and toxicity and mice engrafted with human hepatocytes are emerging and promising in vivo models for an improved prediction of the pharmacokinetic, drug-drug interaction and safety characteristics of compounds in humans. The specific advantages and disadvantages of these models should be carefully considered when using them for studies in drug discovery and development. Here, an overview on the corresponding genetically humanized and chimeric liver humanized mouse models described to date is provided and illustrated with examples of their utility in drug metabolism and toxicity studies. We compare the strength and weaknesses of the two different approaches, give guidance for the selection of the appropriate model for various applications and discuss future trends and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Hiratsuka M, Ueda K, Uno N, Uno K, Fukuhara S, Kurosaki H, Takehara S, Osaki M, Kazuki Y, Kurosawa Y, Nakamura T, Katoh M, Oshimura M. Retargeting of microcell fusion towards recipient cell-oriented transfer of human artificial chromosome. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:58. [PMID: 26088202 PMCID: PMC4472177 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human artificial chromosome (HAC) vectors have some unique characteristics as compared with conventional vectors, carrying large transgenes without size limitation, showing persistent expression of transgenes, and existing independently from host genome in cells. With these features, HACs are expected to be promising vectors for modifications of a variety of cell types. However, the method of introduction of HACs into target cells is confined to microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT), which is less efficient than other methods of vector introduction. Application of Measles Virus (MV) fusogenic proteins to MMCT instead of polyethylene glycol (PEG) has partly solved this drawback, whereas the tropism of MV fusogenic proteins is restricted to human CD46- or SLAM-positive cells. Results Here, we show that retargeting of microcell fusion by adding anti-Transferrin receptor (TfR) single chain antibodies (scFvs) to the extracellular C-terminus of the MV-H protein improves the efficiency of MV-MMCT to human fibroblasts which originally barely express both native MV receptors, and are therefore resistant to MV-MMCT. Efficacy of chimeric fusogenic proteins was evaluated by the evidence that the HAC, tagged with a drug-resistant gene and an EGFP gene, was transferred from CHO donor cells into human fibroblasts. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that no perturbation of either the HAC status or the functions of transgenes was observed on account of retargeted MV-MMCT when another HAC carrying four reprogramming factors (iHAC) was transferred into human fibroblasts. Conclusions Retargeted MV-MMCT using chimeric H protein with scFvs succeeded in extending the cell spectrum for gene transfer via HAC vectors. Therefore, this technology could facilitate the systematic cell engineering by HACs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-015-0142-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Hiratsuka
- Division of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Kana Ueda
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biofunction, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Narumi Uno
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biofunction, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan. .,Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Uno
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biofunction, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Fukuhara
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biofunction, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Hajime Kurosaki
- Division of Integrative Bioscience, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
| | - Shoko Takehara
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biofunction, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biofunction, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan. .,Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Kurosawa
- Division of Antibody Project, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Nakamura
- Division of Integrative Bioscience, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
| | - Motonobu Katoh
- Division of Human Genome Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan. .,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan.
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Mouse embryonic stem cells with a multi-integrase mouse artificial chromosome for transchromosomic mouse generation. Transgenic Res 2015; 24:717-27. [PMID: 26055730 PMCID: PMC4504986 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-015-9884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) has several advantages as a gene delivery vector, including stable episomal maintenance of the exogenous genetic material and the ability to carry large and/or multiple gene inserts including their regulatory elements. Previously, a MAC containing multi-integration site (MI-MAC) was generated to facilitate transfer of multiple genes into desired cells. To generate transchromosomic (Tc) mice containing a MI-MAC with genes of interest, the desired genes were inserted into MI-MAC in CHO cells, and then the MI-MAC was transferred to mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT). However, the efficiency of MMCT from CHO to mES cells is very low (<10−6). In this study, we constructed mES cell lines containing a MI-MAC vector to directly insert a gene of interest into the MI-MAC in mES cells via a simple transfection method for Tc mouse generation. The recombination rate of the GFP gene at each attachment site (FRT, PhiC31attP, R4attP, TP901-1attP and Bxb1attP) on MI-MAC was greater than 50 % in MI-MAC mES cells. Chimeric mice with high coat colour chimerism were generated from the MI-MAC mES cell lines and germline transmission from the chimera was observed. As an example for the generation of Tc mice with a desired gene by the MI-MAC mES approach, a Tc mouse strain ubiquitously expressing Emerald luciferase was efficiently established. Thus, the findings suggest that this new Tc strategy employing mES cells and a MI-MAC vector is efficient and useful for animal transgenesis.
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