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Getz TE, Chrenek MA, Papania JT, Shelton DA, Markand S, Iuvone PM, Kozmik Z, Boatright JH, Nickerson JM. Conditional Knockouts of Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein Suggest Two Independent Mechanisms for Retinal Degeneration and Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:32. [PMID: 38904640 PMCID: PMC11193143 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein's (IRBP) role in eye growth and its involvement in cell homeostasis remain poorly understood. One hypothesis proposes early conditional deletion of the IRBP gene could lead to a myopic response with retinal degeneration, whereas late conditional deletion (after eye size is determined) could cause retinal degeneration without myopia. Here, we sought to understand if prior myopia was required for subsequent retinal degeneration in the absence of IRBP. This study investigates if any cell type or developmental stage is more important in myopia or retinal degeneration. Methods IBRPfl/fl mice were bred with 5 Cre-driver lines: HRGP-Cre, Chx10-Cre, Rho-iCre75, HRGP-Cre Rho-iCre75, and Rx-Cre. Mice were analyzed for IRBP gene expression through digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Young adult (P30) mice were tested for retinal degeneration and morphology using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Function was analyzed using electroretinograms (ERGs). Eye sizes and axial lengths were compared through external eye measurements and whole eye biometry. Results Across all outcome measures, when bred to IRBPfl/fl, HRGP-Cre and Chx10-Cre lines showed no differences from IRBPfl/fl alone. With the Rho-iCre75 line, small but significant reductions were seen in retinal thickness with SD-OCT imaging and postmortem H&E staining without increased axial length. Both the HRGP-Cre+Rho-iCre75 and the Rx-Cre lines showed significant decreases in retinal thickness and outer nuclear layer cell counts. Using external eye measurements and SD-OCT imaging, both lines showed an increase in eye size. Finally, function in both lines was roughly halved across scotopic, photopic, and flicker ERGs. Conclusions Our studies support hypotheses that for both eye size determination and retinal homeostasis, there are two critical timing windows when IRBP must be expressed in rods or cones to prevent myopia (P7-P12) and degeneration (P21 and later). The rod-specific IRBP knockout (Rho-iCre75) showed significant retinal functional losses without myopia, indicating that the two phenotypes are independent. IRBP is needed for early development of photoreceptors and eye size, whereas Rho-iCre75 IRBPfl/fl knockout results in retinal degeneration without myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E. Getz
- Emory University, Department of Ophthalmology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Micah A. Chrenek
- Emory University, Department of Ophthalmology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jack T. Papania
- Emory University, Department of Ophthalmology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Debresha A. Shelton
- Emory University, Department of Ophthalmology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Shanu Markand
- Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri, United States
| | - P. Michael Iuvone
- Emory University, Department of Ophthalmology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zbynek Kozmik
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jeffrey H. Boatright
- Emory University, Department of Ophthalmology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Atlanta Veterans Administration Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - John M. Nickerson
- Emory University, Department of Ophthalmology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Fukasaku H, Meguro A, Takeuchi M, Mizuki N, Ota M, Funakoshi K. Association of PDGFRA polymorphisms with the risk of corneal astigmatism in a Japanese population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16075. [PMID: 37752244 PMCID: PMC10522672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal astigmatism is reportedly associated with polymorphisms of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) gene region in Asian populations of Chinese, Malay, and Indian ancestry and populations of European ancestry. In this study, we investigated whether these PDGFRA polymorphisms are associated with corneal astigmatism in a Japanese population. We recruited 1,535 cases with corneal astigmatism (mean corneal cylinder power across both eyes: ≤ - 0.75 diopters [D]) and 842 controls (> - 0.75 D) to genotype 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PDGFRA gene region. We also performed imputation analysis in the region, with 179 imputed SNPs included in the statistical analyses. The PDGFRA SNPs were not significantly associated with the cases with corneal astigmatism ≤ - 0.75 D. However, the odds ratios (ORs) of the minor alleles of SNPs in the upstream region of PDGFRA, including rs7673984, rs4864857, and rs11133315, tended to increase according to the degree of corneal astigmatism, and these SNPs were significantly associated with the cases with corneal astigmatism ≤ - 1.25 D or ≤ - 1.50 D (Pc < 0.05, OR = 1.34-1.39). These results suggest that PDGFRA SNPs play a potential role in the development of greater corneal astigmatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Fukasaku
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Fukasaku Eye Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 220-0003, Japan
| | - Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masao Ota
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kengo Funakoshi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
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Zhang X, Sun Y, Meng L, Ye C, Han H, Zhang T, Feng Y, Li J, Duan L, Chen Y. Whole-exome sequencing analysis identifies novel variants associated with Kawasaki disease susceptibility. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2023; 21:78. [PMID: 37550746 PMCID: PMC10405421 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute pediatric vasculitis affecting genetically susceptible infants and children. Although the pathogenesis of KD remains unclear, growing evidence links genetic susceptibility to the disease. METHODS To explore the genes associated with susceptibility in KD, we applied whole-exome sequencing to KD and control subjects from Yunnan province, China. We conducted association study analysis on the two groups. RESULTS In this study, we successfully identified 11 significant rare variants in two genes (MYH14 and RBP3) through the genotype/allele frequency analysis. A heterozygous variant (c.2650G > A, p.V884M) of the RBP3 gene was identified in 12 KD cases, while eight heterozygous variants (c.566G > A, p.R189H; c.1109 C > T, p.S370L; c.3917T > G, p.L1306R; c.4301G > A, p.R1434Q; c.5026 C > T, p.R1676W; c.5329 C > T, p.R1777C; c.5393 C > A, p.A1798D and c.5476 C > T, p.R1826C) of the MYH14 gene were identified in 8 KD cases respectively. CONCLUSION This study suggested that nine variants in MYH14 and RBP3 gene may be associated with KD susceptibility in the population from Yunnan province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Yunnan, China
| | - Lijuan Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Yunnan, China
| | - Caixia Ye
- Maternity and Child health care Hospital of Yunyang County, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Tiesong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Yunnan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jianxiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Yunnan, China
| | - Lifen Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Yunnan, China.
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Fuse N, Sakurai M, Motoike IN, Kojima K, Takai-Igarashi T, Nakaya N, Tsuchiya N, Nakamura T, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Miyazawa A, Homma K, Ido K, Taira M, Kobayashi T, Shimizu R, Uruno A, Kodama EN, Suzuki K, Hamanaka Y, Tomita H, Sugawara J, Suzuki Y, Nagami F, Ogishima S, Katsuoka F, Minegishi N, Hozawa A, Kuriyama S, Yaegashi N, Kure S, Kinoshita K, Yamamoto M. Genome-wide Association Study of Axial Length in Population-based Cohorts in Japan. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100113. [PMID: 36246171 PMCID: PMC9559092 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate the differences in ocular biometric parameters by generation and gender and to identify axial length (AL)-associated genetic variants in Japanese individuals, we analyzed Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) Eye Study data. Design We designed the ToMMo Eye Study, examined AL variations, and conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Participants In total, 33 483 participants aged > 18 years who were recruited into the community-based cohort (CommCohort) and the birth and three-generation cohort (BirThree Cohort) of the ToMMo Eye Study were examined. Methods Each participant was screened with an interview, ophthalmic examinations, and a microarray analysis. The GWASs were performed in 22 379 participants in the CommCohort (discovery stage) and 11 104 participants in the BirThree Cohort (replication stage). We evaluated the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with AL using a genome-wide significance threshold (5 × 10-8) in each stage of the study and in the subsequent meta-analysis. Main Outcome Measures We identified the association of SNPs with AL and distributions of AL in right and left eyes and individuals of different sexes and ages. Results In the discovery stage, the mean AL of the right eye (23.99 mm) was significantly greater than that of the left eye (23.95 mm). This difference was reproducible across sexes and ages. The GWASs revealed 703 and 215 AL-associated SNPs with genome-wide significance in the discovery and validation stages, respectively, and many of the SNPs in the discovery stage were replicated in the validation stage. Validated SNPs and their associated loci were meta-analyzed for statistical significance (P < 5 × 10-8). This study identified 1478 SNPs spread over 31 loci. Of the 31 loci, 5 are known AL loci, 15 are known refractive-error loci, 4 are known corneal-curvature loci, and 7 loci are newly identified loci that are not known to be associated with AL. Of note, some of them shared functional relationships with previously identified loci. Conclusions Our large-scale GWASs exploiting ToMMo Eye Study data identified 31 loci linked to variations in AL, 7 of which are newly reported in this article. The results revealed genetic heterogeneity and similarity in SNPs related to ethnic variations in AL.
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Jiang L, Huang G, Dai C, Zheng R, Xie C, Duan S, Zhong L, Liu X, Gong B, Yao D, Yang Z, Shi Y. Association of genetic variants in PDGFRA with high myopia in the Han population of southwestern China. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 43:184-190. [PMID: 34865611 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1998550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations of 11 genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FRAP1 and PDGFRA with high myopia (HM) in a Han Chinese population. METHODS A total of 442 HM patients and 947 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Five genetic models were analysed to further evaluate the association of target SNPs with HM. SNP functional annotation database tools were used to predict and analyse the potential function of these SNPs. RESULTS Our findings indicated that rs2114039 located in PDGFRA had significant association with HM in a Han Chinese population (P = 2.00E-06, OR = 0.647, 95%CI = 0.542-0.773). The common genotypes rs2114039CC, rs2114039CT and rs2114039CT+TT all had a decreased risk of HM when compared with rs2114039TT (P = 4.10E-05, OR = 0.290, 95%CI = 0.161-0.524; P = 1.00E-03, OR = 0.626, 95%CI = 0.479-0.819; P = 9.00E-06, OR = 0.560, 95%CI = 0.433-0.724, respectively). In addition, compared with rs2114039CT+TT, rs2114039CC also had a decreased risk of HM (P = 3.59E-04, OR = 0.347, 95% CI = 0.194-0.620). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that rs2114039, located in PDGFRA, was significantly associated with HM in the southwest Han Chinese population. Additionally, rs2114039 might influence the function of PDGFRA by regulating the growth of human vision through different pathways. Furthermore, functional research on the role of PDGFRA in myopia pathogenesis should be conducted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Jiang
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Dai
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics/Genecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Scu-cuhk), Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Podiatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunbao Xie
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Suyang Duan
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yuan XL, Zhang R, Zheng Y, Sun L, Wang G, Chen S, Xu Y, Chen SL, Qiu K, Ng TK. Corneal curvature-associated MTOR variant differentiates mild myopia from high myopia in Han Chinese population. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:446-457. [PMID: 33979260 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1923035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia is the most prevalent ocular disorder in the world, and corneal parameters have been regarded as key ocular biometric parameters determining the refractive status. Here, we aimed to determine the association of genome-wide association study-identified corneal curvature (CC)-related gene variants with different severity of myopia and ocular biometric parameters in Chinese population. METHODS Total 2,101 unrelated Han Chinese subjects were recruited, including 1,649 myopia and 452 control subjects. Five previously reported CC-associated gene variants (PDGFRA, MTOR, WNT7B, CMPK1 and RBP3) were genotyped by TaqMan assay, and their association with different myopia severity and ocular biometric parameters were evaluated. RESULTS Joint additive effect analysis showed that MTOR rs74225573 paired with PDGFRA rs2114039 (P = .009, odds ratio (OR) = 4.91) or CMPK1 rs17103186 (P = .002, OR = 13.03) were significantly associated with higher risk in mild myopia. Critically, mild myopia subjects had significantly higher frequency in MTOR rs74225573 C allele than high myopia subjects (P = .003), especially in male subjects (P = .001, OR = 0.49). High myopia subjects carrying MTOR rs74225573 C allele have significant flatter CC (P = .035) and longer corneal radius (P = .044) than those carrying TT genotype. CONCLUSION This study revealed that male high myopia subjects are more prone to carry CC-related MTOR rs74225573 T allele, whereas mild myopia subjects are prone to carry the C allele. MTOR rs7422573 variant could be a genetic marker to differentiate mild from high myopia in risk assessment. ABBREVIATIONS ACD: anterior chamber depth; AL: axial length; AL/CR: axial length/corneal radius ratio; ANOVA: analysis of variance; CC: corneal curvature; CCT: central corneal thickness; C.I.: confidence interval; CMPK1: cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1; CR: corneal radius; D: diopter; GWAS: genome-wide association studies; HWE: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; LT: lens thickness; MIPEP: mitochondrial intermediate peptidase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OR: odds ratio; PDGFRA: platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α; RBP3: retinol-binding protein 3; SD: standard deviation; SE: spherical equivalence; SNTB1: syntrophin beta 1; VCD: vitreous chamber depth; VIPR2: vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2; WNT7B: wingless/integrated family member 7B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Riping Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqian Zheng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Sun
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaowan Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunliang Qiu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Xiao H, Lin S, Jiang D, Lin Y, Liu L, Zhang Q, He J, Chen Y. Association of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Genes With Myopia: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese Children. Front Genet 2021; 12:654869. [PMID: 34122509 PMCID: PMC8191505 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.654869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study was designed to investigate whether the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, a downstream component of dopamine signaling, is involved in myopia among Chinese children. Methods During a 3.5-year follow-up, 488 primary school students were enrolled in this study. Non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SE) and other ocular parameters were assessed. Four variants of four genes in the ERK signaling pathway were selected: RASGRF1 rs6495367, PTPN5 rs1550870, PTPRR rs11178469, and PDGFRA rs6554163. SNPscan was used to genotype single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). PLINK software was used to assess the associations of the genetic variants with the occurrence or development of myopia, SE, and other ocular parameters. We created a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and microRNA (miRNA)-gene network using String and Cytoscape and conducted enrichment analyses on the genes in these networks. Results In total, 426 children (baseline age: 7.28 ± 0.26 years; 236 (55.4%) boys and 190 girls) wereenrolled. After adjusting for confounding factors with 10,000 permutations, children with the CT or TT genotype of PTPN5 rs1550870 were more susceptible to myopia than those with the CC genotype (adjusted p = 0.011). Additionally, PTPN5 rs1550870 was correlated with significant myopic shift and increasing axial length (AL) and lens thickness (LT) but had a negative effect on central corneal thickness (CCT). RASGRF1 rs6495367 was negatively associated with myopic shift (additive: adjusted p = 0.034; dominant: adjusted p = 0.020), myopic SE and AL. PDGFRA rs6554163 TA or AA was negatively associated with increasing LT (adjusted p = 0.033). Evaluation of the effects of SNP-SNP combinations on incident myopia revealed a statistically significant one-locus model: PTPN5 rs1550870 [cross-validation consistency (CVC) = 10/10, adjusted p = 0.0107]. The genes in the PPI and miRNA-gene interaction networks were subjected to enrichment analyses, which suggested that these genes are involved mainly in eye development and dopaminergic synapse-related processes. Conclusion We identified genetic variants of crucial ERK signaling pathway genes that were significantly correlated with myopia and ocular parameter alterations in Chinese children. A combination of gene and miRNA functional analyses with enrichment analyses highlights the regulatory effects associated with ocular development and dopamine biological functions. This study offers novel clues to understand the role of dopamine in the molecular mechanisms of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishao Xiao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shudan Lin
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Lin
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linjie Liu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Juan He
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Abstract
Astigmatism causes deterioration of the retinal image and affects vision quality. Maintenance and improvement of visual function requires an understanding of the prevalence, age-related changes, and mechanisms of astigmatism. In this article, we discuss the findings of studies that investigated astigmatism. Some of these studies showed that the prevalence of high degrees of astigmatism in childhood typically decreases with emmetropization. With-the-rule astigmatism occurs most commonly in young adults. With age, the prevalence of astigmatism increases, and the axis shifts from a predominance of with-the-rule astigmatism to a predominance of against-the-rule astigmatism. This age-related change is caused by alterations in corneal curvature. Although the cause of this change is not fully understood, alterations in the position and tension of the eyelid, corneal stromal collagen fibrils, Descemet membrane, and extraocular muscles may influence the shape of the cornea. Furthermore, genetic factors may contribute to the development of astigmatism. Technological advances in ophthalmology are expected to improve our understanding of the etiology of astigmatism and enable the maintenance of quality of vision.
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9
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Lin Y, Ding Y, Jiang D, Li C, Huang X, Liu L, Xiao H, Vasudevan B, Chen Y. Genome-Wide Association of Genetic Variants With Refraction, Axial Length, and Corneal Curvature: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese Schoolchildren. Front Genet 2020; 11:276. [PMID: 32269590 PMCID: PMC7109285 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myopia is a common eye disorder that is approaching epidemic proportions worldwide. A genome-wide association study identified AREG (rs12511037), GABRR1 (rs13215566), and PDE10A (rs12206610) as being associated with refractive error in Asian populations. The present study investigated the associations between these three genetic variants and the occurrence and development of myopia, spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), and corneal curvature (CC) in a cohort of southeastern Chinese schoolchildren. Methods We examined and followed 550 children in grade 1 enrolled in the Wenzhou Epidemiology of Refractive Error (WERE) project. During the 4-year follow-up, non-cycloplegic refraction was evaluated twice each year, and the AL and CC were measured once every year. Age, sex, and the amounts of time spent on near work and outdoors were documented with a questionnaire. Sanger DNA sequencing was used to genotype single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPtest software was used to identify potential genetic variants associated with myopia, SER, AL, and CC. Ten thousand permutations were used to correct for multiple testing. Results In total, 469 children, including 249 (53.1%) boys and 220 (46.9%) girls, were included in analyses. The mean age of all the children was 6.33 ± 0.48 years. After adjusting for age, sex, time spent on near work and time spent outdoors, neither the genotypes nor the allele frequencies of the three SNPs were significantly associated with myopic shift, incident myopia or the change in SER. After adjusting for age, sex, near-work time and outdoor time with 10,000 permutations, the genotype AREG (rs12511037) was associated with an increase in AL (P′-values for the dominant, recessive, additive and general models were 0.0032, 0.0275, 0.0045, and 0.0099, respectively); the genotype PDE10A (rs12206610) was associated with a change in CC in the additive (P′ = 0.0096), dominant (P′ = 0.0096), and heterozygous models (P′ = 0.0096). Conclusion These findings preliminarily indicate that AREG SNP rs12511037 and PDE10A SNP rs12206610 are etiologically relevant for ocular traits, providing a basis for further exploration of the development of myopia and its molecular mechanism. However, elucidating the role of AREG and PDE10A in the pathogenesis of myopia requires further animal model and human genetic epidemiology studies. This trial is registered as ChiCTR1900020584 at www.Chictr.org.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Lin
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunchun Li
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Huang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linjie Liu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haishao Xiao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Yanyan Chen
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Genome-wide association meta-analysis of corneal curvature identifies novel loci and shared genetic influences across axial length and refractive error. Commun Biol 2020; 3:133. [PMID: 32193507 PMCID: PMC7081241 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal curvature, a highly heritable trait, is a key clinical endophenotype for myopia - a major cause of visual impairment and blindness in the world. Here we present a trans-ethnic meta-analysis of corneal curvature GWAS in 44,042 individuals of Caucasian and Asian with replication in 88,218 UK Biobank data. We identified 47 loci (of which 26 are novel), with population-specific signals as well as shared signals across ethnicities. Some identified variants showed precise scaling in corneal curvature and eye elongation (i.e. axial length) to maintain eyes in emmetropia (i.e. HDAC11/FBLN2 rs2630445, RBP3 rs11204213); others exhibited association with myopia with little pleiotropic effects on eye elongation. Implicated genes are involved in extracellular matrix organization, developmental process for body and eye, connective tissue cartilage and glycosylation protein activities. Our study provides insights into population-specific novel genes for corneal curvature, and their pleiotropic effect in regulating eye size or conferring susceptibility to myopia.
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11
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Liao X, Tan QQ, Lan CJ. Myopia genetics in genome-wide association and post-genome-wide association study era. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1487-1492. [PMID: 31544047 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.09.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of myopia and refractive error have generated exciting results and identified novel risk-associated loci. However, the interpretation of the findings of GWAS of complex diseases is not straightforward and has remained challenging. This review provides a brief summary of the main focus on the advantages and limitations of GWAS of myopia, with potential strategies that may contribute to further insight into the genetics of myopia in the post-GWAS or omics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College; Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing-Qing Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College; Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chang-Jun Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College; Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
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12
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Tedja MS, Haarman AEG, Meester-Smoor MA, Kaprio J, Mackey DA, Guggenheim JA, Hammond CJ, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW. IMI - Myopia Genetics Report. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:M89-M105. [PMID: 30817828 PMCID: PMC6892384 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge on the genetic background of refractive error and myopia has expanded dramatically in the past few years. This white paper aims to provide a concise summary of current genetic findings and defines the direction where development is needed. We performed an extensive literature search and conducted informal discussions with key stakeholders. Specific topics reviewed included common refractive error, any and high myopia, and myopia related to syndromes. To date, almost 200 genetic loci have been identified for refractive error and myopia, and risk variants mostly carry low risk but are highly prevalent in the general population. Several genes for secondary syndromic myopia overlap with those for common myopia. Polygenic risk scores show overrepresentation of high myopia in the higher deciles of risk. Annotated genes have a wide variety of functions, and all retinal layers appear to be sites of expression. The current genetic findings offer a world of new molecules involved in myopiagenesis. As the missing heritability is still large, further genetic advances are needed. This Committee recommends expanding large-scale, in-depth genetic studies using complementary big data analytics, consideration of gene-environment effects by thorough measurement of environmental exposures, and focus on subgroups with extreme phenotypes and high familial occurrence. Functional characterization of associated variants is simultaneously needed to bridge the knowledge gap between sequence variance and consequence for eye growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milly S. Tedja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annechien E. G. Haarman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magda A. Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie J. M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - for the CREAM Consortium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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13
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Valgaeren H, Koppen C, Van Camp G. A new perspective on the genetics of keratoconus: why have we not been more successful? Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 39:158-174. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2017.1393831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Valgaeren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp & Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carina Koppen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual Optics and Visual Rehabilitation, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp & Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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14
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Williams KM, Hammond CJ. GWAS in myopia: insights into disease and implications for the clinic. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2016.1164597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Mascarenhas R, Pietrzak M, Smith RM, Webb A, Wang D, Papp AC, Pinsonneault JK, Seweryn M, Rempala G, Sadee W. Allele-Selective Transcriptome Recruitment to Polysomes Primed for Translation: Protein-Coding and Noncoding RNAs, and RNA Isoforms. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136798. [PMID: 26331722 PMCID: PMC4558023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA translation into proteins is highly regulated, but the role of mRNA isoforms, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and genetic variants remains poorly understood. mRNA levels on polysomes have been shown to correlate well with expressed protein levels, pointing to polysomal loading as a critical factor. To study regulation and genetic factors of protein translation we measured levels and allelic ratios of mRNAs and ncRNAs (including microRNAs) in lymphoblast cell lines (LCL) and in polysomal fractions. We first used targeted assays to measure polysomal loading of mRNA alleles, confirming reported genetic effects on translation of OPRM1 and NAT1, and detecting no effect of rs1045642 (3435C>T) in ABCB1 (MDR1) on polysomal loading while supporting previous results showing increased mRNA turnover of the 3435T allele. Use of high-throughput sequencing of complete transcript profiles (RNA-Seq) in three LCLs revealed significant differences in polysomal loading of individual RNA classes and isoforms. Correlated polysomal distribution between protein-coding and non-coding RNAs suggests interactions between them. Allele-selective polysome recruitment revealed strong genetic influence for multiple RNAs, attributable either to differential expression of RNA isoforms or to differential loading onto polysomes, the latter defining a direct genetic effect on translation. Genes identified by different allelic RNA ratios between cytosol and polysomes were enriched with published expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) affecting RNA functions, and associations with clinical phenotypes. Polysomal RNA-Seq combined with allelic ratio analysis provides a powerful approach to study polysomal RNA recruitment and regulatory variants affecting protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Mascarenhas
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Smith
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Danxin Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Audrey C. Papp
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Julia K. Pinsonneault
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michal Seweryn
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Grzegorz Rempala
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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