1
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Kim Y, Ma R, Zhang Y, Kang HR, Kim US, Han K. Cell-autonomous reduction of CYFIP2 changes dendrite length, dendritic protrusion morphology, and inhibitory synapse density in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons of 17-month-old mice. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:294-302. [PMID: 38832126 PMCID: PMC11146249 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2024.2360740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) have diverse molecular functions in neurons, including the regulation of actin polymerization, mRNA translation, and mitochondrial morphology and function. Mutations in the CYFIP2 gene are associated with early-onset epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders, while decreases in its protein levels are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Notably, previous research has revealed AD-like phenotypes, such as dendritic spine loss, in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons of 12-month-old Cyfip2 heterozygous mice but not of age-matched CA1 pyramidal neuron-specific Cyfip2 conditional knock-out (cKO) mice. This study aims to investigate whether dendritic spine loss in Cyfip2 cKO mice is merely delayed compared to Cyfip2 heterozygous mice, and to explore further neuronal phenotypes regulated by CYFIP2 in aged mice. We characterized dendrite and dendritic protrusion morphologies, along with excitatory/inhibitory synapse densities in CA1 pyramidal neurons of 17-month-old Cyfip2 cKO mice. Overall dendritic branching was normal, with a reduction in the length of basal, not apical, dendrites in CA1 pyramidal neurons of Cyfip2 cKO mice. Furthermore, while dendritic protrusion density remained normal, alterations were observed in the length of mushroom spines and the head volume of stubby spines in basal, not apical, dendrites of Cyfip2 cKO mice. Although excitatory synapse density remained unchanged, inhibitory synapse density increased in apical, not basal, dendrites of Cyfip2 cKO mice. Consequently, a cell-autonomous reduction of CYFIP2 appears insufficient to induce dendritic spine loss in CA1 pyramidal neurons of aged mice. However, CYFIP2 is required to maintain normal dendritic length, dendritic protrusion morphology, and inhibitory synapse density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruiying Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Rim Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - U Suk Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Kim H, Kim E. Genetic background determines synaptic phenotypes in Arid1b-mutant mice. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1341348. [PMID: 38516548 PMCID: PMC10954804 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1341348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ARID1B, a chromatin remodeler, is strongly implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Two previous studies on Arid1b-mutant mice with the same exon 5 deletion in different genetic backgrounds revealed distinct synaptic phenotypes underlying the behavioral abnormalities: The first paper reported decreased inhibitory synaptic transmission in layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) region of the heterozygous Arid1b-mutant (Arid1b+/-) brain without changes in excitatory synaptic transmission. In the second paper, in contrast, we did not observe any inhibitory synaptic change in layer 5 mPFC pyramidal neurons, but instead saw decreased excitatory synaptic transmission in layer 2/3 mPFC pyramidal neurons without any inhibitory synaptic change. In the present report, we show that when we changed the genetic background of Arid1b+/- mice from C57BL/6 N to C57BL/6 J, to mimic the mutant mice of the first paper, we observed both the decreased inhibitory synaptic transmission in layer 5 mPFC pyramidal neurons reported in the first paper, and the decreased excitatory synaptic transmission in mPFC layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons reported in the second paper. These results suggest that genetic background can be a key determinant of the inhibitory synaptic phenotype in Arid1b-mutant mice while having minimal effects on the excitatory synaptic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosang Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technolgoy (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Deslauriers JC, Ghotkar RP, Russ LA, Jarman JA, Martin RM, Tippett RG, Sumathipala SH, Burton DF, Cole DC, Marsden KC. Cyfip2 controls the acoustic startle threshold through FMRP, actin polymerization, and GABA B receptor function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.22.573054. [PMID: 38187577 PMCID: PMC10769380 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.573054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Animals process a constant stream of sensory input, and to survive they must detect and respond to dangerous stimuli while ignoring innocuous or irrelevant ones. Behavioral responses are elicited when certain properties of a stimulus such as its intensity or size reach a critical value, and such behavioral thresholds can be a simple and effective mechanism to filter sensory information. For example, the acoustic startle response is a conserved and stereotyped defensive behavior induced by sudden loud sounds, but dysregulation of the threshold to initiate this behavior can result in startle hypersensitivity that is associated with sensory processing disorders including schizophrenia and autism. Through a previous forward genetic screen for regulators of the startle threshold a nonsense mutation in Cytoplasmic Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (FMRP)-interacting protein 2 (cyfip2) was found that causes startle hypersensitivity in zebrafish larvae, but the molecular mechanisms by which Cyfip2 establishes the acoustic startle threshold are unknown. Here we used conditional transgenic rescue and CRISPR/Cas9 to determine that Cyfip2 acts though both Rac1 and FMRP pathways, but not the closely related FXR1 or FXR2, to establish the acoustic startle threshold during early neurodevelopment. To identify proteins and pathways that may be downstream effectors of Rac1 and FMRP, we performed a candidate-based drug screen that indicated that Cyfip2 can also act acutely to maintain the startle threshold branched actin polymerization and N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). To complement this approach, we used unbiased discovery proteomics to determine that loss of Cyfip2 alters cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix components while also disrupting oxidative phosphorylation and GABA receptor signaling. Finally, we functionally validated our proteomics findings by showing that activating GABAB receptors, which like NMDARs are also FMRP targets, restores normal startle sensitivity in cyfip2 mutants. Together, these data reveal multiple mechanisms by which Cyfip2 regulates excitatory/inhibitory balance in the startle circuit to control the processing of acoustic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C. Deslauriers
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rohit P. Ghotkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Current address: Putnam Associates, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsey A. Russ
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Current address: Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Jordan A. Jarman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Current address: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rubia M. Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Current address: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel G. Tippett
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sureni H. Sumathipala
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Derek F. Burton
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - D. Chris Cole
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kurt C. Marsden
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment (CHHE), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Han KA, Ko J. Orchestration of synaptic functions by WAVE regulatory complex-mediated actin reorganization. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1065-1075. [PMID: 37258575 PMCID: PMC10318009 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The WAVE regulatory complex (WRC), composed of five components-Cyfip1/Sra1, WAVE/Scar, Abi, Nap1/Nckap1, and Brk1/HSPC300-is essential for proper actin cytoskeletal dynamics and remodeling in eukaryotic cells, likely by matching various patterned signals to Arp2/3-mediated actin nucleation. Accumulating evidence from recent studies has revealed diverse functions of the WRC in neurons, demonstrating its crucial role in dictating the assembly of molecular complexes for the patterning of various trans-synaptic signals. In this review, we discuss recent exciting findings on the physiological role of the WRC in regulating synaptic properties and highlight the involvement of WRC dysfunction in various brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Han
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Korea.
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Korea.
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Ma R, Zhang Y, Li H, Kang HR, Kim Y, Han K. Cell-autonomous reduction of CYFIP2 is insufficient to induce Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons of aged mice. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:93-101. [PMID: 36999135 PMCID: PMC10044167 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2192263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) is an evolutionarily conserved multifunctional protein that regulates the neuronal actin cytoskeleton, mRNA translation and transport, and mitochondrial morphology and function. Supporting its critical roles in proper neuronal development and function, human genetic studies have repeatedly identified variants of the CYFIP2 gene in individuals diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders. Notably, a few recent studies have also suggested a mechanistic link between reduced CYFIP2 level and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specifically, in the hippocampus of 12-month-old Cyfip2 heterozygous mice, several AD-like pathologies were identified, including increased levels of Tau phosphorylation and gliosis, and loss of dendritic spines in CA1 pyramidal neurons. However, detailed pathogenic mechanisms, such as cell types and their circuits where the pathologies originate, remain unknown for AD-like pathologies caused by CYFIP2 reduction. In this study, we aimed to address this issue by examining whether the cell-autonomous reduction of CYFIP2 in CA1 excitatory pyramidal neurons is sufficient to induce AD-like phenotypes in the hippocampus. We performed immunohistochemical, morphological, and biochemical analyses in 12-month-old Cyfip2 conditional knock-out mice, which have postnatally reduced CYFIP2 expression level in CA1, but not in CA3, excitatory pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. Unexpectedly, we could not find any significant AD-like phenotype, suggesting that the CA1 excitatory neuron-specific reduction of CYFIP2 level is insufficient to lead to AD-like pathologies in the hippocampus. Therefore, we propose that CYFIP2 reduction in other neurons and/or their synaptic connections with CA1 pyramidal neurons may be critically involved in the hippocampal AD-like phenotypes of Cyfip2 heterozygous mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Rim Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Kihoon Han
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Ma R, Pang K, Kang H, Zhang Y, Bang G, Park S, Hwang E, Ryu JR, Kwon Y, Kang HR, Jin C, Kim Y, Kim SY, Kwon SK, Kim D, Sun W, Kim JY, Han K. Protein interactome and cell-type expression analyses reveal that cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 1 (CYFIP1), but not CYFIP2, associates with astrocytic focal adhesion. J Neurochem 2022; 162:190-206. [PMID: 35567753 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The two members of the cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein family, CYFIP1 and CYFIP2, are evolutionarily conserved multifunctional proteins whose defects are associated with distinct types of brain disorders. Even with high sequence homology between CYFIP1 and CYFIP2, several lines of evidence indicate their different functions in the brain; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we performed reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiments using CYFIP1-2×Myc and CYFIP2-3×Flag knock-in mice and found that CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 are not significantly co-immunoprecipitated with each other in the knock-in brains compared to negative control wild-type brains. Moreover, CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 showed different size distributions by size-exclusion chromatography of wild-type mouse brains. Specifically, mass spectrometry-based analysis of CYFIP1-2×Myc knock-in brains identified 131 proteins in the CYFIP1 interactome. Comparison of the CYFIP1 interactome with the previously identified brain region- and age-matched CYFIP2 interactome, consisting of 140 proteins, revealed only eight common proteins. Investigations using single-cell RNA-sequencing databases suggested non-neuronal cell- and neuron-enriched expression of Cyfip1 and Cyfip2, respectively. At the protein level, CYFIP1 was detected in both neurons and astrocytes, while CYFIP2 was detected only in neurons, suggesting the predominant expression of CYFIP1 in astrocytes. Bioinformatic characterization of the CYFIP1 interactome, and co-expression analysis of Cyfip1 with astrocytic genes, commonly linked CYFIP1 with focal adhesion proteins. Immunocytochemical analysis and proximity ligation assay suggested partial co-localization of CYFIP1 and focal adhesion proteins in cultured astrocytes. Together, these results suggest a CYFIP1-specific association with astrocytic focal adhesion, which may contribute to the different brain functions and dysfunctions of CYFIP1 and CYFIP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaifang Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Geul Bang
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Republic of Korea.,Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Hwang
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryun Ryu
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kwon
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug discovery platform research center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Rim Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunmei Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Brain Science Institute, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Kyu Kwon
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Brain Science Institute, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoun Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug discovery platform research center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.,Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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7
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Manigandan S, Yun JW. Loss of cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) induces browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via repression of GABA-BR and activation of mTORC1. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:863-877. [PMID: 35233844 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic disorders are epidemic diseases. Promoting thermogenesis and a functional increase in the browning of white adipocytes may counteract obesity. On the other hand, the molecular mechanism that regulates brown and beige fat-mediated thermogenesis is unclear. This article reports a molecular network led by cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) that negatively regulates adipocyte browning in white adipocytes. Although the function of CYFIP2 in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) and autism have been reported, its physiological roles in adipocytes remain elusive. Therefore, this study examined the physiological consequences of its deprivation in cultured 3T3-L1 white adipocytes using loss-of-function studies. Combined real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analysis showed that the loss of CYFIP2 induces fat browning, as evidenced by the gene and protein expression levels of the brown fat-associated markers. A deficiency of CYFIP2 promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and significantly enhanced the expression of the core set beige fat-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, Tbx1, and Tmem26) and proteins (PGC-1α, PRDM16, and UCP1). In addition, a CYFIP2 deficiency promoted lipid catabolism and suppressed adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and autophagy. A mechanistic study showed that the loss of CYFIP2 induces browning in white adipocytes, independently via the activation of mTORC1 and suppression of the GABA-BR signaling pathway. The present data revealed a previously unidentified mechanism of CYFIP2 in the browning of white adipocytes and emphasized the potential of CYFIP2 as a pharmacotherapeutic target for treating obesity and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Manigandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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8
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Ru FX, Kong F, Ren CY, He YS, Xia SY, Li YN, Liang YP, Feng JJ, Wei ZY, Chen JH. Repeated Winning and Losing Experiences in Chronic Social Conflicts Are Linked to RNA Editing Pattern Difference. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:896794. [PMID: 35664469 PMCID: PMC9161819 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.896794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Winner-loser effects influence subsequent agonistic interactions between conspecifics. Previous winning experiences could strengthen future aggression and increase the chance of winning the next agonistic interaction, while previous losing experiences could have the opposite effect. Although the role of A-to-I RNA editing has been recently implicated in chronic social defeat stress and aggressive behavior, it remains to be further elucidated in chronic social conflicts in agonistic interactions, especially in the repeated aggression (winners) and repeated defeat (losers) resulted from these conflicts. In the current study, transcriptome-wide A-to-I RNA editing in the dorsal striatum was investigated in a mouse model of chronic social conflicts, and compared between mice repeatedly winning and losing daily agonistic interactions. Our analysis identified 622 A-to-I RNA editing sites in the mouse dorsal striatum, with 23 to be differentially edited in 22 genes, most of which had been previously associated with neurological, psychiatric, or immune disorders. Among these differential RNA editing (DRE) sites four missense variants were observed in neuroligin 2 (Nlgn2), Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (Arhgef9) BLCAP apoptosis inducing factor (Blcap), and cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein 2 (Cyfip2), as well as two noncoding RNA sites in small nucleolar RNA host gene 11 (Snhg11) and the maternally expressed 3 (Meg3) gene. Moreover, significant changes were observed in gene functions and pathways enriched by genes with A-to-I RNA editing in losers and especially winners compared to controls. Our results demonstrate that repeated winning and losing experiences in chronic social conflicts are linked to A-to-I RNA editing pattern difference, underlining its role in the molecular mechanism of agonistic interactions between conspecifics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xia Ru
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Fanzhi Kong
- Shantou University Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ren
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu-Shan He
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Shou-Yue Xia
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu-Ning Li
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liang
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun-Jie Feng
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wei
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
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9
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Chaya T, Ishikane H, Varner LR, Sugita Y, Maeda Y, Tsutsumi R, Motooka D, Okuzaki D, Furukawa T. Deficiency of the neurodevelopmental disorder-associated gene Cyfip2 alters the retinal ganglion cell properties and visual acuity. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:535-547. [PMID: 34508581 PMCID: PMC8863419 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 0.5–3% of the population in the developed world. Individuals with ID exhibit deficits in intelligence, impaired adaptive behavior and often visual impairments. Cytoplasmic fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1)-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) is an interacting partner of the FMR protein, whose loss results in fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited cause of ID. Recently, CYFIP2 variants have been found in patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, developmental delay and ID. Such individuals often exhibit visual impairments; however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of Cyfip2 in retinal and visual functions by generating and analyzing Cyfip2 conditional knockout (CKO) mice. While we found no major differences in the layer structures and cell compositions between the control and Cyfip2 CKO retinas, a subset of genes associated with the transporter and channel activities was differentially expressed in Cyfip2 CKO retinas than in the controls. Multi-electrode array recordings showed more sustained and stronger responses to positive flashes of the ON ganglion cells in the Cyfip2 CKO retina than in the controls, although electroretinogram analysis revealed that Cyfip2 deficiency unaffected the photoreceptor and ON bipolar cell functions. Furthermore, analysis of initial and late phase optokinetic responses demonstrated that Cyfip2 deficiency impaired the visual function at the organismal level. Together, our results shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the visual impairments observed in individuals with CYFIP2 variants and, more generally, in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, including ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Chaya
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikane
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Senshu University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Leah R Varner
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Sugita
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yamato Maeda
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Tsutsumi
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furukawa
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Biembengut ÍV, Silva ILZ, Souza TDACBD, Shigunov P. Cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein (CYFIP) family members and their function in neural development and disorders. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6131-6143. [PMID: 34327661 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein (CYFIP) family is composed of CYFIP1 and CYFIP2. Despite their high similarity and shared interaction with many partners, CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 act at different points in cellular processes. CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 have different expression levels in human tissues, and knockout animals die at different time points of development. CYFIP1, similar to CYFIP2, acts in the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) and plays a role in actin dynamics through the activation of the Arp2/3 complex and in a posttranscriptional regulatory complex with the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Previous reports have shown that CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 may play roles in posttranscriptional regulation in different ways. While CYFIP1 is involved in translation initiation via the 5'UTR, CYFIP2 may regulate mRNA expression via the 3'UTR. In addition, this CYFIP protein family is involved in neural development and maturation as well as in different neural disorders, such as intellectual disabilities, autistic spectrum disorders, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we map diverse studies regarding the functions, regulation, and implications of CYFIP proteins in a series of molecular pathways. We also highlight mutations and their structural effects both in functional studies and in neural diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ísis Venturi Biembengut
- Carlos Chagas Institute-FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, CIC, Curitiba, Paraná, 81830-010, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Shigunov
- Carlos Chagas Institute-FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, CIC, Curitiba, Paraná, 81830-010, Brazil.
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11
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Salcedo-Arellano MJ, Cabal-Herrera AM, Punatar RH, Clark CJ, Romney CA, Hagerman RJ. Overlapping Molecular Pathways Leading to Autism Spectrum Disorders, Fragile X Syndrome, and Targeted Treatments. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:265-283. [PMID: 33215285 PMCID: PMC8116395 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are subdivided into idiopathic (unknown) etiology and secondary, based on known etiology. There are hundreds of causes of ASD and most of them are genetic in origin or related to the interplay of genetic etiology and environmental toxicology. Approximately 30 to 50% of the etiologies can be identified when using a combination of available genetic testing. Many of these gene mutations are either core components of the Wnt signaling pathway or their modulators. The full mutation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene leads to fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common cause of monogenic origin of ASD, accounting for ~ 2% of the cases. There is an overlap of molecular mechanisms in those with idiopathic ASD and those with FXS, an interaction between various signaling pathways is suggested during the development of the autistic brain. This review summarizes the cross talk between neurobiological pathways found in ASD and FXS. These signaling pathways are currently under evaluation to target specific treatments in search of the reversal of the molecular abnormalities found in both idiopathic ASD and FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jimena Salcedo-Arellano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute UCDHS, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Ana Maria Cabal-Herrera
- Group on Congenital Malformations and Dysmorphology, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, 00000, Colombia
| | - Ruchi Harendra Punatar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute UCDHS, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Courtney Jessica Clark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute UCDHS, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Christopher Allen Romney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute UCDHS, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Randi J Hagerman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute UCDHS, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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12
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Zhang Y, Kang Hyae R, Lee SH, Kim Y, Ma R, Jin C, Lim JE, Kim S, Kang Y, Kang H, Kim SY, Kwon SK, Choi SY, Han K. Enhanced Prefrontal Neuronal Activity and Social Dominance Behavior in Postnatal Forebrain Excitatory Neuron-Specific Cyfip2 Knock-Out Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:574947. [PMID: 33192297 PMCID: PMC7658541 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.574947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1)-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) gene is associated with epilepsy, intellectual disability (ID), and developmental delay, suggesting its critical role in proper neuronal development and function. CYFIP2 is involved in regulating cellular actin dynamics and also interacts with RNA-binding proteins. However, the adult brain function of CYFIP2 remains unclear because investigations thus far are limited to Cyfip2 heterozygous (Cyfip2+/- ) mice owing to the perinatal lethality of Cyfip2-null mice. Therefore, we generated Cyfip2 conditional knock-out (cKO) mice with reduced CYFIP2 expression in postnatal forebrain excitatory neurons (CaMKIIα-Cre). We found that in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adult Cyfip2 cKO mice, CYFIP2 expression was decreased in both layer 2/3 (L2/3) and layer 5 (L5) neurons, unlike the L5-specific CYFIP2 reduction observed in adult Cyfip2+/- mice. Nevertheless, filamentous actin (F-actin) levels were increased only in L5 of Cyfip2 cKO mPFC possibly because of a compensatory increase in CYFIP1, the other member of CYFIP family, in L2/3 neurons. Abnormal dendritic spines on basal, but not on apical, dendrites were consistently observed in L5 neurons of Cyfip2 cKO mPFC. Meanwhile, neuronal excitability and activity were enhanced in both L2/3 and L5 neurons of Cyfip2 cKO mPFC, suggesting that CYFIP2 functions of regulating F-actin and excitability/activity may be mediated through independent mechanisms. Unexpectedly, adult Cyfip2 cKO mice did not display locomotor hyperactivity or reduced anxiety observed in Cyfip2+/- mice. Instead, both exhibited enhanced social dominance accessed by the tube test. Together, these results provide additional insights into the functions of CYFIP2 in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rim Kang Hyae
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ruiying Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chunmei Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeju Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Brain Science Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Kyu Kwon
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Brain Science Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Kim GH, Zhang Y, Kang HR, Lee SH, Shin J, Lee CH, Kang H, Ma R, Jin C, Kim Y, Kim SY, Kwon SK, Choi SY, Lee KJ, Han K. Altered presynaptic function and number of mitochondria in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult Cyfip2 heterozygous mice. Mol Brain 2020; 13:123. [PMID: 32917241 PMCID: PMC7488858 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants of the cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein (CYFIP) gene family, CYFIP1 and CYFIP2, are associated with numerous neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. According to several studies, CYFIP1 regulates the development and function of both pre- and post-synapses in neurons. Furthermore, various studies have evaluated CYFIP2 functions in the postsynaptic compartment, such as regulating dendritic spine morphology; however, no study has evaluated whether and how CYFIP2 affects presynaptic functions. To address this issue, in this study, we have focused on the presynapses of layer 5 neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in adult Cyfip2 heterozygous (Cyfip2+/−) mice. Electrophysiological analyses revealed an enhancement in the presynaptic short-term plasticity induced by high-frequency stimuli in Cyfip2+/− neurons compared with wild-type neurons. Since presynaptic mitochondria play an important role in buffering presynaptic Ca2+, which is directly associated with the short-term plasticity, we analyzed presynaptic mitochondria using electron microscopic images of the mPFC. Compared with wild-type mice, the number, but not the volume or cristae density, of mitochondria in both presynaptic boutons and axonal processes in the mPFC layer 5 of Cyfip2+/− mice was reduced. Consistent with an identification of mitochondrial proteins in a previously established CYFIP2 interactome, CYFIP2 was detected in a biochemically enriched mitochondrial fraction of the mouse mPFC. Collectively, these results suggest roles for CYFIP2 in regulating presynaptic functions, which may involve presynaptic mitochondrial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Hyun Kim
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyae Rim Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Shin
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ruiying Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chunmei Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Seok-Kyu Kwon
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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14
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Lee SK, Ahnn J. Regulator of Calcineurin (RCAN): Beyond Down Syndrome Critical Region. Mol Cells 2020; 43:671-685. [PMID: 32576715 PMCID: PMC7468584 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulator of calcineurin (RCAN) was first reported as a novel gene called DSCR1, encoded in a region termed the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) of human chromosome 21. Genome sequence comparisons across species using bioinformatics revealed three members of the RCAN gene family, RCAN1, RCAN2, and RCAN3, present in most jawed vertebrates, with one member observed in most invertebrates and fungi. RCAN is most highly expressed in brain and striated muscles, but expression has been reported in many other tissues, as well, including the heart and kidneys. Expression levels of RCAN homologs are responsive to external stressors such as reactive oxygen species, Ca2+, amyloid β, and hormonal changes and upregulated in pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, cardiac hypertrophy, diabetes, and degenerative neuropathy. RCAN binding to calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, inhibits calcineurin activity, thereby regulating different physiological events via dephosphorylation of important substrates. Novel functions of RCANs have recently emerged, indicating involvement in mitochondria homeostasis, RNA binding, circadian rhythms, obesity, and thermogenesis, some of which are calcineurin-independent. These developments suggest that besides significant contributions to DS pathologies and calcineurin regulation, RCAN is an important participant across physiological systems, suggesting it as a favorable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Joohong Ahnn
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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15
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Lee SH, Zhang Y, Park J, Kim B, Kim Y, Lee SH, Kim GH, Huh YH, Lee B, Kim Y, Lee Y, Kim JY, Kang H, Choi SY, Jang S, Li Y, Kim S, Jin C, Pang K, Kim E, Lee Y, Kim H, Kim E, Choi JH, Kim J, Lee KJ, Choi SY, Han K. Haploinsufficiency of Cyfip2 Causes Lithium-Responsive Prefrontal Dysfunction. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:526-543. [PMID: 32562430 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variants of the cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) encoding an actin-regulatory protein are associated with brain disorders, including intellectual disability and epilepsy. However, specific in vivo neuronal defects and potential treatments for CYFIP2-associated brain disorders remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized Cyfip2 heterozygous (Cyfip2+/- ) mice to understand their neurobehavioral phenotypes and the underlying pathological mechanisms. Furthermore, we examined a potential treatment for such phenotypes of the Cyfip2+/- mice and specified a neuronal function mediating its efficacy. METHODS We performed behavioral analyses of Cyfip2+/- mice. We combined molecular, ultrastructural, and in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological analyses of Cyfip2+/- prefrontal neurons. We also selectively reduced CYFIP2 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice with virus injections. RESULTS Adult Cyfip2+/- mice exhibited lithium-responsive abnormal behaviors. We found increased filamentous actin, enlarged dendritic spines, and enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission and excitability in the adult Cyfip2+/- PFC that was restricted to layer 5 (L5) neurons. Consistently, adult Cyfip2+/- mice showed increased seizure susceptibility and auditory steady-state responses from the cortical electroencephalographic recordings. Among the identified prefrontal defects, lithium selectively normalized the hyperexcitability of Cyfip2+/- L5 neurons. RNA sequencing revealed reduced expression of potassium channel genes in the adult Cyfip2+/- PFC. Virus-mediated reduction of CYFIP2 in the PFC was sufficient to induce L5 hyperexcitability and lithium-responsive abnormal behavior. INTERPRETATION These results suggest that L5-specific prefrontal dysfunction, especially hyperexcitability, underlies both the pathophysiology and the lithium-mediated amelioration of neurobehavioral phenotypes in adult Cyfip2+/- mice, which can be implicated in CYFIP2-associated brain disorders. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:526-543.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Jina Park
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
| | - Bowon Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
| | - Yangsik Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu
| | - Gyu Hyun Kim
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do
| | - Bokyoung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Yeunkum Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Seil Jang
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Shinhyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Chunmei Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University
| | - Kaifang Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Eunjeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - Jee Hyun Choi
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
| | - Jeongjin Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University
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16
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Yang Y, Wang P, Jin B, Dong Z, Chen G, Liu D. Screening of Potential Key Transcripts Involved in Planarian Regeneration and Analysis of Its Regeneration Patterns by PacBio Long-Read Sequencing. Front Genet 2020; 11:580. [PMID: 32612637 PMCID: PMC7308552 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dugesia japonica is an excellent animal model for studying the regeneration mechanism due to its characteristics of rapid regeneration and easy breeding. PacBio sequencing was performed on the intact planarians (In) and regenerating planarians of 1 day (1d), 3 days (3d), and 5 days (5d) after amputation. The aim of this study is to deeply profile the transcriptome of D. japonica and to evaluate its regenerate changes. Using robust statistical analysis, we identified 5931, 5115, and 4669 transcripts differentially expressed between 1d and In, 3d and In, 5d and In, respectively. A total of 63 key transcripts were screened from these DETs. These key transcripts enhance the expression in different regenerate stages respectively to regulate specific processes including signal transduction, mitosis, protein synthesis, transport and degradation, apoptosis, neural development, and energy cycling. Finally, according to the biological processes involved in these potential key transcripts, we propose a hypothesis of head regeneration model about D. japonica. In addition, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis provides a new way to screen key transcripts from large amounts of data. Together, these analyses identify a number of potential key regulators controlling proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and signal transduction. What's more, this study provides a powerful data foundation for further research on planarians regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peizheng Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Baijie Jin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zimei Dong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangwen Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dezeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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17
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Kim SM, Cho SY, Kim MW, Roh SR, Shin HS, Suh YH, Geum D, Lee MA. Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies NURR1-Controlled Network of New Synapse Formation and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Neural Stem Cells. Mol Cells 2020; 43:551-571. [PMID: 32522891 PMCID: PMC7332357 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1) protein has been identified as an obligatory transcription factor in midbrain dopaminergic neurogenesis, but the global set of human NURR1 target genes remains unexplored. Here, we identified direct gene targets of NURR1 by analyzing genome-wide differential expression of NURR1 together with NURR1 consensus sites in three human neural stem cell (hNSC) lines. Microarray data were validated by quantitative PCR in hNSCs and mouse embryonic brains and through comparison to published human data, including genome-wide association study hits and the BioGPS gene expression atlas. Our analysis identified ~40 NURR1 direct target genes, many of them involved in essential protein modules such as synapse formation, neuronal cell migration during brain development, and cell cycle progression and DNA replication. Specifically, expression of genes related to synapse formation and neuronal cell migration correlated tightly with NURR1 expression, whereas cell cycle progression correlated negatively with it, precisely recapitulating midbrain dopaminergic development. Overall, this systematic examination of NURR1-controlled regulatory networks provides important insights into this protein's biological functions in dopamine-based neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | | | - Min Woong Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Seung Ryul Roh
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hee Sun Shin
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Young Ho Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dongho Geum
- Department of Medical Science, Korea University Medical School, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Myung Ae Lee
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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18
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Lee Y, Zhang Y, Kang H, Bang G, Kim Y, Kang HR, Ma R, Jin C, Kim JY, Han K. Epilepsy- and intellectual disability-associated CYFIP2 interacts with both actin regulators and RNA-binding proteins in the neonatal mouse forebrain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:1-6. [PMID: 32560809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Variants of the cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) gene are associated with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, intellectual disability, and developmental delay. However, the current understanding of the molecular functions of CYFIP2 is limited to those related to actin dynamics, and thus, the detailed mechanisms of CYFIP2-associated brain disorders remain largely unknown. Here, we isolated the neonatal forebrain CYFIP2 complex using newly generated Cyfip2-3×Flag knock-in mice, and performed mass spectrometry-based analyses to identify proteins in the complex. The CYFIP2 interactome, consisting of 140 proteins, contained not only the expected actin regulators but also 25 RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) including Argonaute proteins. Functionally, overexpression of brain disorder-associated CYFIP2 R87 variants, but not wild-type, inhibited stress granule formation in HeLa cells. Mechanistically, the CYFIP2 R87 variants formed intracellular clusters with Argonaute proteins under both basal and stress conditions, and thereby possibly preventing their assembly into stress granules. Beyond identifying CYFIP2 interactors in vivo, these results may provide novel insights for better understanding the molecular mechanisms of CYFIP2-associated brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeunkum Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, KISTI, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Geul Bang
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyae Rim Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ruiying Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Chunmei Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, South Korea.
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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19
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Davenport EC, Szulc BR, Drew J, Taylor J, Morgan T, Higgs NF, López-Doménech G, Kittler JT. Autism and Schizophrenia-Associated CYFIP1 Regulates the Balance of Synaptic Excitation and Inhibition. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2037-2051.e6. [PMID: 30784587 PMCID: PMC6381785 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance is implicated in neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, but the underlying genetic etiology remains poorly understood. Copy number variations in CYFIP1 are associated with autism, schizophrenia, and intellectual disability, but its role in regulating synaptic inhibition or E/I balance remains unclear. We show that CYFIP1, and the paralog CYFIP2, are enriched at inhibitory postsynaptic sites. While CYFIP1 or CYFIP2 upregulation increases excitatory synapse number and the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), it has the opposite effect at inhibitory synapses, decreasing their size and the amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). Contrary to CYFIP1 upregulation, its loss in vivo, upon conditional knockout in neocortical principal cells, increases expression of postsynaptic GABAA receptor β2/3-subunits and neuroligin 3, enhancing synaptic inhibition. Thus, CYFIP1 dosage can bi-directionally impact inhibitory synaptic structure and function, potentially leading to altered E/I balance and circuit dysfunction in CYFIP1-associated neurological disorders. CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 are enriched at inhibitory synapses. CYFIP1 upregulation differentially disrupts inhibitory and excitatory synapses. Conditional loss of CYFIP1 alters neuroligin 3 and GABAAR β-subunits expression. Loss of CYFIP1 increases inhibitory synaptic clusters and hence mIPSC amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Davenport
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Blanka R Szulc
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James Drew
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James Taylor
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Toby Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nathalie F Higgs
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Guillermo López-Doménech
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Josef T Kittler
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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20
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Tonelli Gombalová Z, Košuth J, Alexovič Matiašová A, Zrubáková J, Žežula I, Giallongo T, Di Giulio AM, Carelli S, Tomašková L, Daxnerová Z, Ševc J. Majority of cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting neurons in the spinal cord of
C57Bl/6N
mice is present in ectopic position unlike in other studied experimental mice strains and mammalian species. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2523-2550. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Tonelli Gombalová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Košuth
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Alexovič Matiašová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Jarmila Zrubáková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan Žežula
- Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Giulio
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi", L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical ScienceUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Lenka Tomašková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Daxnerová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Ševc
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
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21
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Zhang Y, Kang HR, Han K. Differential cell-type-expression of CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 in the adult mouse hippocampus. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2019; 23:380-383. [PMID: 31853374 PMCID: PMC6913624 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1696406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent molecular genetic studies have suggested that two members of the cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein (CYFIP) gene family, CYFIP1 and CYFIP2, are causally associated with several brain disorders. However, the clinical features of individuals with CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 variants are quite different. In addition, null mice for either Cyfip1 or Cyfip2 are lethal, indicating that these two genes cannot compensate for each other in vivo. Although these results strongly suggest that CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 have distinct functions in vivo, the detailed mechanisms underlying their differences remain enigmatic and unexplored, especially considering their high sequence homology. To address this, we analyzed a recently established mouse brain single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) database and found that Cyfip1 and Cyfip2 are dominantly expressed in non-neurons and neurons, respectively, in all tested brain regions. To validate these observations, we performed fluorescent immunohistochemistry in the adult mouse hippocampus with either a CYFIP1 or CYFIP2 antibody combined with antibodies for various cell-type-specific markers. Consistent with our analysis of the scRNAseq database, CYFIP1 signals were detected in both neurons and astrocytes, while CYFIP2 signals were mainly detected in neurons. These results suggest differential cell-type-expression of CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 in vivo, which provides novel insights into our understanding of the pathophysiology of and potential treatments for CYFIP-associated brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyae Rim Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Zhang Y, Lee Y, Han K. Neuronal function and dysfunction of CYFIP2: from actin dynamics to early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30982501 PMCID: PMC6549915 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.5.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein family (CYFIP1 and CYFIP2) are evolutionarily conserved proteins originally identified as binding partners of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), a messenger RNA (mRNA)-binding protein whose loss causes the fragile X syndrome. Moreover, CYFIP is a key component of the heteropentameric WAVE regulatory complex (WRC), a critical regulator of neuronal actin dynamics. Therefore, CYFIP may play key roles in regulating both mRNA translation and actin polymerization, which are critically involved in proper neuronal development and function. Nevertheless, compared to CYFIP1, neuronal function and dysfunction of CYFIP2 remain largely unknown, possibly due to the relatively less well established association between CYFIP2 and brain disorders. Despite high amino acid sequence homology between CYFIP1 and CYFIP2, several in vitro and animal model studies have suggested that CYFIP2 has some unique neuronal functions distinct from those of CYFIP1. Furthermore, recent whole-exome sequencing studies identified de novo hot spot variants of CYFIP2 in patients with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE), clearly implicating CYFIP2 dysfunction in neurological disorders. In this review, we highlight these recent investigations into the neuronal function and dysfunction of CYFIP2, and also discuss several key questions remaining about this intriguing neuronal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Zhang
- Departments of Neuroscience, and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yeunkum Lee
- Departments of Neuroscience, and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Departments of Neuroscience, and Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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23
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Lee Y, Zhang Y, Ryu JR, Kang HR, Kim D, Jin C, Kim Y, Sun W, Han K. Reduced CYFIP2 Stability by Arg87 Variants Causing Human Neurological Disorders. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:803-805. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeunkum Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
| | - Jae Ryun Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
- Department of Anatomy, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
| | - Hyae Rim Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
| | - Doyoun Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon South Korea
| | - Chunmei Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
- Department of Anatomy, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineKorea University Seoul
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24
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Levitsky LI, Kliuchnikova AA, Kuznetsova KG, Karpov DS, Ivanov MV, Pyatnitskiy MA, Kalinina OV, Gorshkov MV, Moshkovskii SA. Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA Editing in Mouse and Human Brain Proteomes. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900195. [PMID: 31576663 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteogenomics is based on the use of customized genome or RNA sequencing databases for interrogation of shotgun proteomics data in search for proteome-level evidence of genome variations or RNA editing. In this work, the products of adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in human and murine brain proteomes are identified using publicly available brain proteome LC-MS/MS datasets and an RNA editome database compiled from several sources. After filtering of false-positive results, 20 and 37 sites of editing in proteins belonging to 14 and 32 genes are identified for murine and human brain proteomes, respectively. Eight sites of editing identified with high spectral counts overlapped between human and mouse brain samples. Some of these sites have been previously reported using orthogonal methods, such as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptors, CYFIP2, coatomer alpha. Also, differential editing between neurons and microglia is demonstrated in this work for some of the proteins from primary murine brain cell cultures. Because many edited sites are still not characterized functionally at the protein level, the results provide a necessary background for their further analysis in normal and diseased cells and tissues using targeted proteomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev I Levitsky
- V. L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anna A Kliuchnikova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Ksenia G Kuznetsova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Karpov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mark V Ivanov
- V. L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Pyatnitskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia.,Onco Genotest LLC, Moscow, 125047, Russia.,Department of Technologies for Complex System Modelling, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Olga V Kalinina
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße, Homburg, 66421, Germany
| | - Mikhail V Gorshkov
- V. L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, 141700, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Sergei A Moshkovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya st., Moscow, 119121, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, 117997, Russia
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25
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Jin C, Kang HR, Kang H, Zhang Y, Lee Y, Kim Y, Han K. Unexpected Compensatory Increase in Shank3 Transcripts in Shank3 Knock-Out Mice Having Partial Deletions of Exons. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:228. [PMID: 31607862 PMCID: PMC6761322 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants of the SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) gene, which encodes excitatory postsynaptic core scaffolds cause numerous brain disorders. Several lines of Shank3 knock-out (KO) mice with deletions of different Shank3 exons have previously been generated and characterized. The different Shank3 KO mouse lines have both common and line-specific phenotypes. Shank3 isoform diversity is considered a mechanism underlying phenotypic heterogeneity, and compensatory changes through regulation of Shank3 expression may contribute to this heterogeneity. However, whether such compensatory changes occur in Shank3 KO mouse lines has not been investigated in detail. Using previously reported RNA-sequencing analyses, we identified an unexpected increase in Shank3 transcripts in two different Shank3 mutant mouse lines (Shank3B and Shank3ΔC) having partial deletions of Shank3 exons. We validated an increase in Shank3 transcripts in the hippocampus, cortex, and striatum, but not in the cerebellum, of Shank3B heterozygous (HET) and KO mice, using qRT-PCR analyses. In particular, expression of the N-terminal exons 1–12, but not the more C-terminal exons 19–22, was observed to increase in Shank3B mice with deletion of exons 13–16. This suggests a selective compensatory activation of upstream Shank3 promoters. Furthermore, using domain-specific Shank3 antibodies, we confirmed that the increased Shank3 transcripts in Shank3B KO mice produced a small Shank3 isoform that was not detected in wild-type mice. Taken together, our results illustrate another layer of complexity in the regulation of Shank3 expression in the brain, which may also contribute to the phenotypic heterogeneity of different Shank3 KO mouse lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyae Rim Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeunkum Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Marsden KC, Jain RA, Wolman MA, Echeverry FA, Nelson JC, Hayer KE, Miltenberg B, Pereda AE, Granato M. A Cyfip2-Dependent Excitatory Interneuron Pathway Establishes the Innate Startle Threshold. Cell Rep 2019; 23:878-887. [PMID: 29669291 PMCID: PMC6642828 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory experiences dynamically modify whether animals respond to a given stimulus, but it is unclear how innate behavioral thresholds are established. Here, we identify molecular and circuit-level mechanisms underlying the innate threshold of the zebrafish startle response. From a forward genetic screen, we isolated five mutant lines with reduced innate startle thresholds. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identify the causative mutation for one line to be in the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP)-interacting protein cyfip2. We show that cyfip2 acts independently of FMRP and that reactivation of cyfip2 restores the baseline threshold after phenotype onset. Finally, we show that cyfip2 regulates the innate startle threshold by reducing neural activity in a small group of excitatory hindbrain interneurons. Thus, we identify a selective set of genes critical to establishing an innate behavioral threshold and uncover a circuit-level role for cyfip2 in this process. Using forward genetics, electrophysiology, and combined behavior and Ca2+ imaging in zebrafish, Marsden et al. show that cyfip2 regulates the acoustic startle threshold by controlling the activity of excitatory spiral fiber interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt C Marsden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, 100 Brooks Ave., Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Roshan A Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, Haverford College, S108 Sharpless Hall, 370 Lancaster Ave., Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Marc A Wolman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Zoology, 213 Zoology Research Building, 1117 West Johnson St., University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Fabio A Echeverry
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 431 Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica C Nelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katharina E Hayer
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ben Miltenberg
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, S108 Sharpless Hall, 370 Lancaster Ave., Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Alberto E Pereda
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 431 Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1157 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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27
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Nakashima M, Kato M, Aoto K, Shiina M, Belal H, Mukaida S, Kumada S, Sato A, Zerem A, Lerman-Sagie T, Lev D, Leong HY, Tsurusaki Y, Mizuguchi T, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Ogata K, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N. De novo hotspot variants in CYFIP2 cause early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. Ann Neurol 2019. [PMID: 29534297 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cytoplasmic fragile X mental retardation 1 interacting proteins 2 (CYFIP2) is a component of the WASP-family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) regulatory complex, which is involved in actin dynamics. An obvious association of CYFIP2 variants with human neurological disorders has never been reported. Here, we identified de novo hotspot CYFIP2 variants in neurodevelopmental disorders and explore the possible involvement of the CYFIP2 mutants in the WAVE signaling pathway. METHODS We performed trio-based whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 210 families and case-only WES in 489 individuals with epileptic encephalopathies. The functional effect of CYFIP2 variants on WAVE signaling was evaluated by computational structural analysis and in vitro transfection experiments. RESULTS We identified three de novo CYFIP2 variants at the Arg87 residue in 4 unrelated individuals with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. Structural analysis indicated that the Arg87 residue is buried at an interface between CYFIP2 and WAVE1, and the Arg87 variant may disrupt hydrogen bonding, leading to structural instability and aberrant activation of the WAVE regulatory complex. All mutant CYFIP2 showed comparatively weaker interactions to the VCA domain than wild-type CYFIP2. Immunofluorescence revealed that ectopic speckled accumulation of actin and CYFIP2 was significantly increased in cells transfected with mutant CYFIP2. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that de novo Arg87 variants in CYFIP2 have gain-of-function effects on the WAVE signaling pathway and are associated with severe neurological disorders. Ann Neurol 2018;83:794-806.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kazushi Aoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hazrat Belal
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Souichi Mukaida
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Hospital Organization Utano Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoko Kumada
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayelet Zerem
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Metabolic-Neurogenetic Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel- Aviv, Israel
| | - Tally Lerman-Sagie
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Metabolic-Neurogenetic Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel- Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Lev
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Metabolic-Neurogenetic Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel- Aviv
| | - Huey Yin Leong
- Genetic Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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28
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Cioni JM, Wong HHW, Bressan D, Kodama L, Harris WA, Holt CE. Axon-Axon Interactions Regulate Topographic Optic Tract Sorting via CYFIP2-Dependent WAVE Complex Function. Neuron 2019. [PMID: 29518358 PMCID: PMC5855093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are topographically sorted before they arrive at the optic tectum. This pre-target sorting, typical of axon tracts throughout the brain, is poorly understood. Here, we show that cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting proteins (CYFIPs) fulfill non-redundant functions in RGCs, with CYFIP1 mediating axon growth and CYFIP2 specifically involved in axon sorting. We find that CYFIP2 mediates homotypic and heterotypic contact-triggered fasciculation and repulsion responses between dorsal and ventral axons. CYFIP2 associates with transporting ribonucleoprotein particles in axons and regulates translation. Axon-axon contact stimulates CYFIP2 to move into growth cones where it joins the actin nucleating WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) in the periphery and regulates actin remodeling and filopodial dynamics. CYFIP2’s function in axon sorting is mediated by its binding to the WRC but not its translational regulation. Together, these findings uncover CYFIP2 as a key regulatory link between axon-axon interactions, filopodial dynamics, and optic tract sorting. CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 serve non-redundant functions in retinal axon growth and guidance CYFIP2 regulates growth cone filopodial dynamics and axon-axon responses CYFIP2 interacts with RNPs and the WRC in distinct cellular compartments Axon sorting is mediated by CYFIP2’s interaction with the WRC
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Cioni
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Hovy Ho-Wai Wong
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Dario Bressan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Lay Kodama
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - William A Harris
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Christine E Holt
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK.
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29
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Jin C, Kim S, Kang H, Yun KN, Lee Y, Zhang Y, Kim Y, Kim JY, Han K. Shank3 regulates striatal synaptic abundance of Cyld, a deubiquitinase specific for Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains. J Neurochem 2019; 150:776-786. [PMID: 31215654 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (Shank3) proteins are core organizers of the postsynaptic density in neuronal excitatory synapses, and their defects cause various neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Mechanistically, Shank3 directly and indirectly interacts with hundreds of synaptic proteins with diverse functions and potentially exerts its regulatory roles in synaptic development and function via these interactors. However, Shank3-dependent regulation of synaptic abundance has been validated in vivo for only a few Shank3 interactors. Here, using a quantitative proteomic analysis, we identified 136 proteins with altered synaptic abundance in the striatum of Shank3-overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice. By comparing these proteins with those found in a previous analysis of the postsynaptic density of Shank3 knock-out (KO) striatum, we identified and confirmed that cylindromatosis-associated deubiquitinase (Cyld), a deubiquitinase specific for Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains, was up- and down-regulated in Shank3 TG and KO striatal synapses, respectively. Consistently, we found that the synaptic levels of Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains were down- and up-regulated in the Shank3 TG and KO striata, respectively. Furthermore, by isolating and analyzing the synaptic Cyld complex, we generated a Cyld interactome consisting of 103 proteins, which may include Cyld substrates. Bioinformatic analyses suggested associations of the Cyld interactome with a few brain disorders and synaptic functions. Taken together, these results suggest that Shank3 regulates the synaptic abundance of Cyld in the mouse striatum and, thereby, potentially modulates the Lys63-linked polyubiquitination of striatal synaptic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Jin
- Departments of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinhyun Kim
- Departments of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, KISTI, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki Na Yun
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Korea
| | - Yeunkum Lee
- Departments of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Departments of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Departments of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Departments of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Zhao L, Mulligan MK, Nowak TS. Substrain- and sex-dependent differences in stroke vulnerability in C57BL/6 mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:426-438. [PMID: 29260927 PMCID: PMC6421252 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17746174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The C57BL/6 mouse strain is represented by distinct substrains, increasingly recognized to differ genetically and phenotypically. The current study compared stroke vulnerability among C57BL/6 J (J), C57BL/6JEiJ (JEiJ), C57BL/6ByJ (ByJ), C57BL/6NCrl (NCrl), C57BL/6NJ (NJ) and C57BL/6NTac (NTac) substrains, using a model of permanent distal middle cerebral artery and common carotid artery occlusion. Mean infarct volume was nearly two-fold smaller in J, JEiJ and ByJ substrains relative to NCrl, NJ and NTac (N-lineage) mice. This identifies a previously unrecognized confound in stroke studies involving genetically modified strain comparisons if control substrain background were not rigorously matched. Mean infarct size was smaller in females of J and ByJ substrains than in the corresponding males, but there was no sex difference for NCrl and NJ mice. A higher proportion of small infarcts in J and ByJ substrains was largely responsible for both substrain- and sex-dependent differences. These could not be straightforwardly explained by variations in posterior communicating artery patency, MCA anatomy or acute penumbral blood flow deficits. Their larger and more homogeneously distributed infarcts, together with their established use as the common background for many genetically modified strains, may make N-lineage C57BL/6 substrains the preferred choice for future studies in experimental stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Megan K Mulligan
- 2 Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Nowak
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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31
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Costain G, Walker S, Argiropoulos B, Baribeau DA, Bassett AS, Boot E, Devriendt K, Kellam B, Marshall CR, Prasad A, Serrano MA, Stavropoulos DJ, Twede H, Vermeesch JR, Vorstman JAS, Scherer SW. Rare copy number variations affecting the synaptic gene DMXL2 in neurodevelopmental disorders. J Neurodev Disord 2019; 11:3. [PMID: 30732576 PMCID: PMC6366120 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-019-9263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultra-rare genetic variants, including non-recurrent copy number variations (CNVs) affecting important dosage-sensitive genes, are important contributors to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Pairing family-based whole-genome sequencing (WGS) with detailed phenotype data can enable novel gene associations in NDDs. Methods We performed WGS of six members from a three-generation family, where three individuals each had a spectrum of features suggestive of a NDD. CNVs and sequence-level variants were identified and further investigated in disease and control databases. Results We identified a novel 252-kb deletion at 15q21 that overlaps the synaptic gene DMXL2 and the gene GLDN. The microdeletion segregated in NDD-affected individuals. Additional rare inherited and de novo sequence-level variants were found that may also be involved, including a missense change in GRIK5. Multiple CNVs and loss-of-function sequence variants affecting DMXL2 were discovered in additional unrelated individuals with a range of NDDs. Conclusions Disruption of DMXL2 may predispose to NDDs including autism spectrum disorder. The robust interpretation of private variants requires a multifaceted approach that incorporates multigenerational pedigrees and genome-wide and population-scale data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Costain
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Medical Genetics Residency Training Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Walker
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bob Argiropoulos
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Anne S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erik Boot
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Koen Devriendt
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Barbara Kellam
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christian R Marshall
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aparna Prasad
- Lineagen, Inc, 2677 East Parleys Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109, USA
| | - Moises A Serrano
- Lineagen, Inc, 2677 East Parleys Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109, USA
| | - D James Stavropoulos
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hope Twede
- Lineagen, Inc, 2677 East Parleys Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109, USA
| | | | - Jacob A S Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics and McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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32
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Spatially clustering de novo variants in CYFIP2, encoding the cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 2, cause intellectual disability and seizures. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:747-759. [PMID: 30664714 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CYFIP2, encoding the evolutionary highly conserved cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 2, has previously been proposed as a candidate gene for intellectual disability and autism because of its important role linking FMRP-dependent transcription regulation and actin polymerization via the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC). Recently, de novo variants affecting the amino acid p.Arg87 of CYFIP2 were reported in four individuals with epileptic encephalopathy. We here report 12 independent patients harboring a variety of de novo variants in CYFIP2 broadening the molecular and clinical spectrum of a novel CYFIP2-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Using trio whole-exome or -genome sequencing, we identified 12 independent patients carrying a total of eight distinct de novo variants in CYFIP2 with a shared phenotype of intellectual disability, seizures, and muscular hypotonia. We detected seven different missense variants, of which two occurred recurrently (p.(Arg87Cys) and p.(Ile664Met)), and a splice donor variant in the last intron for which we showed exon skipping in the transcript. The latter is expected to escape nonsense-mediated mRNA decay resulting in a truncated protein. Despite the large spacing in the primary structure, the variants spatially cluster in the tertiary structure and are all predicted to weaken the interaction with WAVE1 or NCKAP1 of the actin polymerization regulating WRC-complex. Preliminary genotype-phenotype correlation indicates a profound phenotype in p.Arg87 substitutions and a more variable phenotype in other alterations. This study evidenced a variety of de novo variants in CYFIP2 as a novel cause of mostly severe intellectual disability with seizures and muscular hypotonia.
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33
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Zhang Y, Kang H, Lee Y, Kim Y, Lee B, Kim JY, Jin C, Kim S, Kim H, Han K. Smaller Body Size, Early Postnatal Lethality, and Cortical Extracellular Matrix-Related Gene Expression Changes of Cyfip2-Null Embryonic Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:482. [PMID: 30687000 PMCID: PMC6338024 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) is a key component of the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) which regulates actin polymerization and branching in diverse cellular compartments. Recent whole exome sequencing studies identified de novo hotspot variants in CYFIP2 from patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and microcephaly, suggesting that CYFIP2 may have some functions in embryonic brain development. Although perinatal lethality of Cyfip2-null (Cyfip2 -/-) mice was reported, the exact developmental time point and cause of lethality, and whether Cyfip2 -/- embryonic mice have brain abnormalities remain unknown. We found that endogenous Cyfip2 is mainly expressed in the brain, spinal cord, and thymus of mice at late embryonic stages. Cyfip2 -/- embryos did not show lethality at embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5), but their body size was smaller than that of wild-type (WT) or Cyfip2 +/- littermates. Meanwhile, at postnatal day 0, all identified Cyfip2 -/- mice were found dead, suggesting early postnatal lethality of the mice. Nevertheless, the brain size and cortical cytoarchitecture were comparable among WT, Cyfip2 +/-, and Cyfip2 -/- mice at E18.5. Using RNA-sequencing analyses, we identified 98 and 72 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the E18.5 cortex of Cyfip2 +/- and Cyfip2 -/- mice, respectively. Further bioinformatic analyses suggested that extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression changes in Cyfip2 -/- embryonic cortex. Together, our results suggest that CYFIP2 is critical for embryonic body growth and for early postnatal survival, and that loss of its expression leads to ECM-related gene expression changes in the embryonic cortex without severe gross morphological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, KISTI, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yeunkum Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bokyoung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chunmei Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinhyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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34
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Nowak TS, Mulligan MK. Impact of C57BL/6 substrain on sex-dependent differences in mouse stroke models. Neurochem Int 2018; 127:12-21. [PMID: 30448566 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have recently found significant variation in stroke vulnerability among substrains of C57BL/6 mice, observing that commonly used N-lineage substrains exhibit larger infarcts than C57BL/6J and related substrains. Parallel variation was also seen with respect to sex differences in stroke vulnerability, in that C57BL/6 mice of the N-lineage exhibited comparable infarct sizes in males and females, whereas infarcts tended to be smaller in females than in males of J-lineage substrains. This adds to the growing list of recognized phenotypic and genetic differences among C57BL/6 substrains. Although no previous studies have explicitly compared substrains with respect to sex differences in stroke vulnerability, unrecognized background mismatch has occurred in some studies involving control and genetically modified mice. The aims of this review are to: present the evidence for associated substrain- and sex-dependent differences in a mouse permanent occlusion stroke model; examine the extent to which the published literature in other models compares with these recent results; and consider the potential impact of unrecognized heterogeneity in substrain background on the interpretation of studies investigating the impact of genetic modifications on sex differences in stroke outcome. Substrain emerges as a critical variable to be documented in any experimental stroke study in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus S Nowak
- Department of Neurology and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Megan K Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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35
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Barnes J, Salas F, Mokhtari R, Dolstra H, Pedrosa E, Lachman HM. Modeling the neuropsychiatric manifestations of Lowe syndrome using induced pluripotent stem cells: defective F-actin polymerization and WAVE-1 expression in neuronal cells. Mol Autism 2018; 9:44. [PMID: 30147856 PMCID: PMC6094927 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lowe syndrome (LS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the X-linked gene, OCRL, which codes for inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase. LS is characterized by the triad of congenital cataracts, neurodevelopmental impairment (primarily intellectual and developmental disabilities [IDD]), and renal proximal tubular dysfunction. Studies carried out over the years have shown that hypomorphic mutations in OCRL adversely affect endosome recycling and actin polymerization in kidney cells and patient-derived fibroblasts. The renal problem has been traced to an impaired recycling of megalin, a multi-ligand receptor that plays a key role in the reuptake of lipoproteins, amino acids, vitamin-binding proteins, and hormones. However, the neurodevelopmental aspects of the disorder have been difficult to study because the mouse knockout (KO) model does not display LS-related phenotypes. Fortunately, the discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has provided an opportunity to grow patient-specific neurons, which can be used to model neurodevelopmental disorders in vitro, as demonstrated in the many studies that have been published in the past few years in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and IDD. Methods We now report the first findings in neurons and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) generated from iPS cells derived from patients with LS and their typically developing male siblings, as well as an isogenic line in which the OCRL gene has been incapacitated by a null mutation generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Results We show that neuronal cells derived from patient-specific iPS cells containing hypomorphic variants are deficient in their capacity to produce F-filamentous actin (F-actin) fibers. Abnormalities were also found in the expression of WAVE-1, a component of the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) that regulates actin polymerization. Curiously, neuronal cells carrying the engineered OCRL null mutation, in which OCRL protein is not expressed, did not show similar defects in F-actin and WAVE-1 expression. This is similar to the apparent lack of a phenotype in the mouse Ocrl KO model, and suggests that in the complete absence of OCRL protein, as opposed to producing a dysfunctional protein, as seen with the hypomorphic variants, there is partial compensation for the F-actin/WAVE-1 regulating function of OCRL. Conclusions Alterations in F-actin polymerization and WRC have been found in a number of genetic subgroups of IDD and ASD. Thus, LS, a very rare genetic condition, is linked to a more expansive family of genes responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders that have shared pathogenic features. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13229-018-0227-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Barnes
- 1Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Franklin Salas
- 2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Mokhtari
- 3Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Hedwig Dolstra
- 4Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erika Pedrosa
- 2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Herbert M Lachman
- 1Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,5Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,6Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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36
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Roca C, Martinez-González L, Daniel-Mozo M, Sastre J, Infantes L, Mansilla A, Chaves-Sanjuan A, González-Rubio JM, Gil C, Cañada FJ, Martinez A, Sanchez-Barrena MJ, Campillo NE. Deciphering the Inhibition of the Neuronal Calcium Sensor 1 and the Guanine Exchange Factor Ric8a with a Small Phenothiazine Molecule for the Rational Generation of Therapeutic Synapse Function Regulators. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5910-5921. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roca
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Daniel-Mozo
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano-CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sastre
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Infantes
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano-CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Mansilla
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nuria E. Campillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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37
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Peng J, Wang Y, He F, Chen C, Wu LW, Yang LF, Ma YP, Zhang W, Shi ZQ, Chen C, Xia K, Guo H, Yin F, Pang N. Novel West syndrome candidate genes in a Chinese cohort. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1196-1206. [PMID: 29667327 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS West syndrome (WS) is a classic form of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) characterized by tonic spasms with clustering, arrest of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalography. Genetic defects play a critical role in the pathology of WS, and 54 EIEE genes have been identified till date. This study was designed to uncover new candidate genes for West syndrome. METHODS In this study, we recruited 56 Chinese families with WS of unknown etiology. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify Mendelian inheritance rare or novel variants. The association between candidate genes and WS was analyzed from many aspects, including recurrent genes in patients, predicted variant effect on genes, human tolerance to deficient genes, gene expression in the nervous system, coexpression with EIEE genes, mutual interaction with known EIEE proteins, genes related to ion channel or fragile X mental retardation protein function, and mouse models with manifestation of seizures. Genes with supporting evidence from those aspects were defined as highlight candidate genes. RESULTS Whole exome sequencing identified 112 candidate variants in 89 genes. Among the candidate genes, 33 were autosomal dominant, 22 were autosomal recessive, and 34 were X-linked. Complex bioinformatic analysis revealed 17 highlight candidate genes: ATP2A2, CD99L2, CLCN6, CYFIP1, CYFIP2, GNB1, GPT2, HUWE1, KMT2D, MYO18A, NOS3, RYR1, RYR2, RYR3, TAF1, TECTA, and UBA1. The majority of highlight candidate genes are calcium-signaling pathway and mental retardation genes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first WES study of Chinese WS patients with unknown etiology. This combination of phenotypic and genomic data will enable further testing to elucidate mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Wen Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Fen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Ping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Qing Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Phosphorylation of CYFIP2, a component of the WAVE-regulatory complex, regulates dendritic spine density and neurite outgrowth in cultured hippocampal neurons potentially by affecting the complex assembly. Neuroreport 2018; 28:749-754. [PMID: 28692454 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Actin dynamics is a critical mechanism underlying many cellular processes in neurons. The heteropentameric WAVE-regulatory complex (WRC), consisting of WAVE, CYFIP1/2, Nap, Abi, and HSPC300, is a key regulator of actin dynamics that activates the Arp2/3 complex to initiate actin polymerization and branching. The WRC is basally inactive because of intermolecular interactions among the components, which can be modulated by bindings of phospholipids and Rac1, and phosphorylations of WAVE and Abi. However, the phosphorylation of other components of WRC and their functional significance remain largely unknown. To address this issue, we focused on CYFIP1/2, in which we found two brain-specific phosphorylation sites (S582 of CYFIP2 and T1068/T1067 of CYFIP1/2) from a publicly available phosphoproteome database. To understand their functional effects, we overexpressed wild-type, phospho-blocking, or phospho-mimetic mutants of CYFIP2 in cultured hippocampal neurons, and found that only T1067A CYFIP2 decreased the density of stubby spines. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type CYFIP2 increased neurite length, but T1067A did not exert this effect. To understand the mechanism, we modeled CYFIP2 phosphorylation in the crystal structure of WRC and found that T1067 phosphorylation could weaken the interaction between CYFIP2 and Nap1 by inducing conformational changes of CYFIP2 α-helical bundles. In the co-immunoprecipitation assay, however, wild-type, T1067A, and T1067E CYFIP2 showed similar interaction levels to Nap1, suggesting that T1067 phosphorylation alone is not sufficient to disrupt the interaction. Considering that the activation of WRC requires disassembly of the complex, our results suggest that T1067 phosphorylation, together with other factors, could contribute toward the activation process.
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39
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Cell-type-specific metabolic labeling of nascent proteomes in vivo. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:1196-1201. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Teplyakov E, Wu Q, Liu J, Pugacheva EM, Loukinov D, Boukaba A, Lobanenkov V, Strunnikov A. The downregulation of putative anticancer target BORIS/CTCFL in an addicted myeloid cancer cell line modulates the expression of multiple protein coding and ncRNA genes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73448-73468. [PMID: 29088719 PMCID: PMC5650274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The BORIS/CTCFL gene, is a testis-specific CTCF paralog frequently erroneously activated in cancer, although its exact role in cancer remains unclear. BORIS is both a transcription factor and an architectural chromatin protein. BORIS' normal role is to establish a germline-like gene expression and remodel the epigenetic landscape in testis; it similarly remodels chromatin when activated in human cancer. Critically, at least one cancer cell line, K562, is dependent on BORIS for its self-renewal and survival. Here, we downregulate BORIS expression in the K562 cancer cell line to investigate downstream pathways regulated by BORIS. RNA-seq analyses of both mRNA and small ncRNAs, including miRNA and piRNA, in the knock-down cells revealed a set of differentially expressed genes and pathways, including both testis-specific and general proliferation factors, as well as proteins involved in transcription regulation and cell physiology. The differentially expressed genes included important transcriptional regulators such as SOX6 and LIN28A. Data indicate that both direct binding of BORIS to promoter regions and locus-control activity via long-distance chromatin domain regulation are involved. The sum of findings suggests that BORIS activation in leukemia does not just recapitulate the germline, but creates a unique regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Teplyakov
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongfang Wu
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Dmitry Loukinov
- NIH, NIAID, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Abdelhalim Boukaba
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Alexander Strunnikov
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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41
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Lee Y, Kim SG, Lee B, Zhang Y, Kim Y, Kim S, Kim E, Kang H, Han K. Striatal Transcriptome and Interactome Analysis of Shank3-overexpressing Mice Reveals the Connectivity between Shank3 and mTORC1 Signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:201. [PMID: 28701918 PMCID: PMC5487420 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mania causes symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, elevated mood, reduced anxiety and decreased need for sleep, which suggests that the dysfunction of the striatum, a critical component of the brain motor and reward system, can be causally associated with mania. However, detailed molecular pathophysiology underlying the striatal dysfunction in mania remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify the molecular pathways showing alterations in the striatum of SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (Shank3)-overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice that display manic-like behaviors. The results of transcriptome analysis suggested that mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling may be the primary molecular signature altered in the Shank3 TG striatum. Indeed, we found that striatal mTORC1 activity, as measured by mTOR S2448 phosphorylation, was significantly decreased in the Shank3 TG mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. To elucidate the potential underlying mechanism, we re-analyzed previously reported protein interactomes, and detected a high connectivity between Shank3 and several upstream regulators of mTORC1, such as tuberous sclerosis 1 (TSC1), TSC2 and Ras homolog enriched in striatum (Rhes), via 94 common interactors that we denominated “Shank3-mTORC1 interactome”. We noticed that, among the 94 common interactors, 11 proteins were related to actin filaments, the level of which was increased in the dorsal striatum of Shank3 TG mice. Furthermore, we could co-immunoprecipitate Shank3, Rhes and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin-homologous protein 1 (WAVE1) proteins from the striatal lysate of Shank3 TG mice. By comparing with the gene sets of psychiatric disorders, we also observed that the 94 proteins of Shank3-mTORC1 interactome were significantly associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Altogether, our results suggest a protein interaction-mediated connectivity between Shank3 and certain upstream regulators of mTORC1 that might contribute to the abnormal striatal mTORC1 activity and to the manic-like behaviors of Shank3 TG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeunkum Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Gyun Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bokyoung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Shinhyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- HPC-enabled Convergence Technology Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology InformationDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Feng
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.
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43
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Lee Y, Kang H, Lee B, Zhang Y, Kim Y, Kim S, Kim WK, Han K. Integrative Analysis of Brain Region-specific Shank3 Interactomes for Understanding the Heterogeneity of Neuronal Pathophysiology Related to SHANK3 Mutations. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:110. [PMID: 28469556 PMCID: PMC5395616 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent molecular genetic studies have identified 100s of risk genes for various neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. As the number of risk genes increases, it is becoming clear that different mutations of a single gene could cause different types of disorders. One of the best examples of such a gene is SHANK3, which encodes a core scaffold protein of the neuronal excitatory post-synapse. Deletions, duplications, and point mutations of SHANK3 are associated with autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Nevertheless, how the different mutations of SHANK3 can lead to such phenotypic diversity remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether Shank3 could form protein complexes in a brain region-specific manner, which might contribute to the heterogeneity of neuronal pathophysiology caused by SHANK3 mutations. To test this, we generated a medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) Shank3 in vivo interactome consisting of 211 proteins, and compared this protein list with a Shank3 interactome previously generated from mixed hippocampal and striatal (HP+STR) tissues. Unexpectedly, we found that only 47 proteins (about 20%) were common between the two interactomes, while 164 and 208 proteins were specifically identified in the mPFC and HP+STR interactomes, respectively. Each of the mPFC- and HP+STR-specific Shank3 interactomes represents a highly interconnected network. Upon comparing the brain region-enriched proteomes, we found that the large difference between the mPFC and HP+STR Shank3 interactomes could not be explained by differential protein expression profiles among the brain regions. Importantly, bioinformatic pathway analysis revealed that the representative biological functions of the mPFC- and HP+STR-specific Shank3 interactomes were different, suggesting that these interactors could mediate the brain region-specific functions of Shank3. Meanwhile, the same analysis on the common Shank3 interactors, including Homer and GKAP/SAPAP proteins, suggested that they could mainly function as scaffolding proteins at the post-synaptic density. Lastly, we found that the mPFC- and HP+STR-specific Shank3 interactomes contained a significant number of proteins associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. These results suggest that Shank3 can form protein complexes in a brain region-specific manner, which might contribute to the pathophysiological and phenotypic diversity of disorders related to SHANK3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeunkum Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- HPC-enabled Convergence Technology Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology InformationDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Bokyoung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Shinhyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Ki Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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44
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Lee B, Zhang Y, Kim Y, Kim S, Lee Y, Han K. Age-dependent decrease of GAD65/67 mRNAs but normal densities of GABAergic interneurons in the brain regions of Shank3-overexpressing manic mouse model. Neurosci Lett 2017; 649:48-54. [PMID: 28400125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons is considered a major pathophysiological feature of various neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. The variants of SHANK3 gene, encoding a core scaffold protein of the excitatory postsynapse, have been associated with numerous brain disorders. It has been suggested that abnormalities of GABAergic interneurons could contribute to the SHANK3-related disorders, but the limitation of these studies is that they used mainly Shank3 knock-out mice. Notably, Shank3-overexpressing transgenic mice, modeling human hyperkinetic disorders, also show reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission, abnormal electroencephalography, and spontaneous seizures. However, it has not been investigated whether these phenotypes of Shank3 transgenic mice are associated with GABAergic interneuron dysfunction, or solely due to the cell-autonomous postsynaptic changes of principal neurons. To address this issue, we investigated the densities of parvalbumin- and somatostatin-positive interneurons, and the mRNA and protein levels of GAD65/67 GABA-synthesizing enzymes in the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus of adult Shank3 transgenic mice. We found no significant difference in the measurements performed on wild-type versus Shank3 transgenic mice, except for the decreased GAD65 or GAD67 mRNAs in these brain regions. Interestingly, only GAD65 mRNA was decreased in the hippocampus, but not mPFC and striatum, of juvenile Shank3 transgenic mice which, unlike the adult mice, did not show behavioral hyperactivity. Together, our results suggest age-dependent decrease of GAD65/67 mRNAs but normal densities of certain GABAergic interneurons in the Shank3 transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyoung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Shinhyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Yeunkum Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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45
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Abekhoukh S, Sahin HB, Grossi M, Zongaro S, Maurin T, Madrigal I, Kazue-Sugioka D, Raas-Rothschild A, Doulazmi M, Carrera P, Stachon A, Scherer S, Drula Do Nascimento MR, Trembleau A, Arroyo I, Szatmari P, Smith IM, Milà M, Smith AC, Giangrande A, Caillé I, Bardoni B. New insights into the regulatory function of CYFIP1 in the context of WAVE- and FMRP-containing complexes. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:463-474. [PMID: 28183735 PMCID: PMC5399562 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 1 (CYFIP1) is a candidate gene for intellectual disability (ID), autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy. It is a member of a family of proteins that is highly conserved during evolution, sharing high homology with its Drosophila homolog, dCYFIP. CYFIP1 interacts with the Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP, encoded by the FMR1 gene), whose absence causes Fragile X syndrome, and with the translation initiation factor eIF4E. It is a member of the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC), thus representing a link between translational regulation and the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we present data showing a correlation between mRNA levels of CYFIP1 and other members of the WRC. This suggests a tight regulation of the levels of the WRC members, not only by post-translational mechanisms, as previously hypothesized. Moreover, we studied the impact of loss of function of both CYFIP1 and FMRP on neuronal growth and differentiation in two animal models - fly and mouse. We show that these two proteins antagonize each other's function not only during neuromuscular junction growth in the fly but also during new neuronal differentiation in the olfactory bulb of adult mice. Mechanistically, FMRP and CYFIP1 modulate mTor signaling in an antagonistic manner, likely via independent pathways, supporting the results obtained in mouse as well as in fly at the morphological level. Collectively, our results illustrate a new model to explain the cellular roles of FMRP and CYFIP1 and the molecular significance of their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Abekhoukh
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France.,CNRS Associated International Laboratory (LIA) 'Neogenex', 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - H Bahar Sahin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Mauro Grossi
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France.,CNRS Associated International Laboratory (LIA) 'Neogenex', 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Samantha Zongaro
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France.,CNRS Associated International Laboratory (LIA) 'Neogenex', 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Thomas Maurin
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France.,CNRS Associated International Laboratory (LIA) 'Neogenex', 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Irene Madrigal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniele Kazue-Sugioka
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France.,CNRS Associated International Laboratory (LIA) 'Neogenex', 06560 Valbonne, France.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Principe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
| | - Annick Raas-Rothschild
- Institute of Rare Diseases, Institute of Medical Genetics, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Mohamed Doulazmi
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR8256, IBPS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, France
| | - Pilar Carrera
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrea Stachon
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Principe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
| | - Steven Scherer
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8
| | | | - Alain Trembleau
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR8256, IBPS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, France
| | - Ignacio Arroyo
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada, M5G 1X8
| | - Isabel M Smith
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada, B3K 6R8
| | - Montserrat Milà
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adam C Smith
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Principe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto and Program in Laboratory Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angela Giangrande
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Caillé
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR8256, IBPS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France .,CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France.,CNRS Associated International Laboratory (LIA) 'Neogenex', 06560 Valbonne, France
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46
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Tiwari SS, Mizuno K, Ghosh A, Aziz W, Troakes C, Daoud J, Golash V, Noble W, Hortobágyi T, Giese KP. Alzheimer-related decrease in CYFIP2 links amyloid production to tau hyperphosphorylation and memory loss. Brain 2016; 139:2751-2765. [PMID: 27524794 PMCID: PMC5035822 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease are memory loss, plaques resulting from abnormal processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and presence of neurofibrillary tangles and dystrophic neurites containing hyperphosphorylated tau. Currently, it is not known what links these abnormalities together. Cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) has been suggested to regulate mRNA translation at synapses and this may include local synthesis of APP and alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, a kinase that can phosphorylate tau. Further, CYFIP2 is part of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-family verprolin-homologous protein complex, which has been implicated in actin polymerization at synapses, a process thought to be required for memory formation. Our previous studies on p25 dysregulation put forward the hypothesis that CYFIP2 expression is reduced in Alzheimer's disease and that this contributes to memory impairment, abnormal APP processing and tau hyperphosphorylation. Here, we tested this hypothesis. First, in post-mortem tissue CYFIP2 expression was reduced by ∼50% in severe Alzheimer's hippocampus and superior temporal gyrus when normalized to expression of a neuronal or synaptic marker protein. Interestingly, there was also a trend for decreased expression in mild Alzheimer's disease hippocampus. Second, CYFIP2 expression was reduced in old but not in young Tg2576 mice, a model of familial Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we tested the direct impact of reduced CYFIP2 expression in heterozygous null mutant mice. We found that in hippocampus this reduced expression causes an increase in APP and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) protein, but not mRNA expression, and elevates production of amyloid-β42 Reduced CYFIP2 expression also increases alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II protein expression, and this is associated with hyperphosphorylation of tau at serine-214. The reduced expression also impairs spine maturity without affecting spine density in apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, the reduced expression prevents retention of spatial memory in the water maze. Taken together, our findings indicate that reduced CYFIP2 expression triggers a cascade of change towards Alzheimer's disease, including amyloid production, tau hyperphosphorylation and memory loss. We therefore suggest that CYFIP2 could be a potential hub for targeting treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Suresh Tiwari
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Anshua Ghosh
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Wajeeha Aziz
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jason Daoud
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Vidushi Golash
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Wendy Noble
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK 2 Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Karl Peter Giese
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Copy number variations encompassing the gene encoding Cyfip1 have been associated with a variety of human diseases, including autism and schizophrenia. Here we show that juvenile mice hemizygous for Cyfip1 have altered presynaptic function, enhanced protein translation, and increased levels of F-actin. In developing hippocampus, reduced Cyfip1 levels serve to decrease paired pulse facilitation and increase miniature EPSC frequency without a change in amplitude. Higher-resolution examination shows these changes to be caused primarily by an increase in presynaptic terminal size and enhanced vesicle release probability. Short hairpin-mediated knockdown of Cyfip1 coupled with expression of mutant Cyfip1 proteins indicates that the presynaptic alterations are caused by dysregulation of the WAVE regulatory complex. Such dysregulation occurs downstream of Rac1 as acute exposure to Rac1 inhibitors rescues presynaptic responses in culture and in hippocampal slices. The data serve to highlight an early and essential role for Cyfip1 in the generation of normally functioning synapses and suggest a means by which changes in Cyfip1 levels could impact the generation of neural networks and contribute to abnormal and maladaptive behaviors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Several developmental brain disorders have been associated with gene duplications and deletions that serve to increase or decrease levels of encoded proteins. Cyfip1 is one such protein, but the role it plays in brain development is poorly understood. We asked whether decreased Cyfip1 levels altered the function of developing synapses. The data show that synapses with reduced Cyfip1 are larger and release neurotransmitter more rapidly. These effects are due to Cyfip1's role in actin polymerization and are reversed by expression of a Cyfip1 mutant protein retaining actin regulatory function or by inhibiting Rac1. Thus, Cyfip1 has a more prominent early role regulating presynaptic activity during a stage of development when activity helps to define neural pathways.
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Ergaz Z, Weinstein-Fudim L, Ornoy A. Genetic and non-genetic animal models for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Reprod Toxicol 2016; 64:116-40. [PMID: 27142188 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated, in addition to complex genetic factors, with a variety of prenatal, perinatal and postnatal etiologies. We discuss the known animal models, mostly in mice and rats, of ASD that helps us to understand the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of human ASD. We describe only models where behavioral testing has shown autistic like behaviors. Some genetic models mimic known human syndromes like fragile X where ASD is part of the clinical picture, and others are without defined human syndromes. Among the environmentally induced ASD models in rodents, the most common model is the one induced by valproic acid (VPA) either prenatally or early postnatally. VPA induces autism-like behaviors following single exposure during different phases of brain development, implying that the mechanism of action is via a general biological mechanism like epigenetic changes. Maternal infection and inflammation are also associated with ASD in man and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivanit Ergaz
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School and Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liza Weinstein-Fudim
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School and Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School and Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
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49
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Lima LDA, Feio-dos-Santos AC, Belangero SI, Gadelha A, Bressan RA, Salum GA, Pan PM, Moriyama TS, Graeff-Martins AS, Tamanaha AC, Alvarenga P, Krieger FV, Fleitlich-Bilyk B, Jackowski AP, Brietzke E, Sato JR, Polanczyk GV, Mari JDJ, Manfro GG, do Rosário MC, Miguel EC, Puga RD, Tahira AC, Souza VN, Chile T, Gouveia GR, Simões SN, Chang X, Pellegrino R, Tian L, Glessner JT, Hashimoto RF, Rohde LA, Sleiman PMA, Hakonarson H, Brentani H. An integrative approach to investigate the respective roles of single-nucleotide variants and copy-number variants in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22851. [PMID: 26947246 PMCID: PMC4780010 DOI: 10.1038/srep22851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have attempted to investigate the genetic susceptibility of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but without much success. The present study aimed to analyze both single-nucleotide and copy-number variants contributing to the genetic architecture of ADHD. We generated exome data from 30 Brazilian trios with sporadic ADHD. We also analyzed a Brazilian sample of 503 children/adolescent controls from a High Risk Cohort Study for the Development of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders, and also previously published results of five CNV studies and one GWAS meta-analysis of ADHD involving children/adolescents. The results from the Brazilian trios showed that cases with de novo SNVs tend not to have de novo CNVs and vice-versa. Although the sample size is small, we could also see that various comorbidities are more frequent in cases with only inherited variants. Moreover, using only genes expressed in brain, we constructed two "in silico" protein-protein interaction networks, one with genes from any analysis, and other with genes with hits in two analyses. Topological and functional analyses of genes in this network uncovered genes related to synapse, cell adhesion, glutamatergic and serotoninergic pathways, both confirming findings of previous studies and capturing new genes and genetic variants in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro de Araújo Lima
- Inter-institutional Grad Program on Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mario Pan
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tais Silveira Moriyama
- Department &Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Soledade Graeff-Martins
- Department &Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carina Tamanaha
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alvarenga
- Department &Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Valle Krieger
- Department &Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bacy Fleitlich-Bilyk
- Department &Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Parolin Jackowski
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition. Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vanoni Polanczyk
- Department &Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair de Jesus Mari
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Conceição do Rosário
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eurípedes Constantino Miguel
- Department &Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato David Puga
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Clinical Research, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Tahira
- Department &Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Neri Souza
- Department &Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Chile
- Department &Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Rodrigues Gouveia
- Department &Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Nery Simões
- Inter-institutional Grad Program on Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Serra, ES, Brazil
| | - Xiao Chang
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renata Pellegrino
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronaldo Fumio Hashimoto
- Inter-institutional Grad Program on Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Mathematics &Statistics Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Department &Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrick M A Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Helena Brentani
- Inter-institutional Grad Program on Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department &Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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50
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Choi SY, Han K. Emerging role of synaptic actin-regulatory pathway in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2015.1086435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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