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Gonkowski S. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and its receptors in the enteric nervous system and other parts of the gastrointestinal wall. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:1089-1099. [PMID: 38407437 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) belonging to the transmembrane growth factors family is widespread in living organisms. It acts through ErbB family receptors and first of all takes part in embryogenesis, as well as in developmental, regenerative and adaptive processes occurring in various internal organs and systems. It is known that NRG1 and its receptors are present in various parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. First of all NRG1 and ErbB receptors have been detected in the enteric nervous system (ENS) localized in the wall of the esophagus, stomach and intestine and regulating the majority of the GI tract functions, but also in the mucosal and muscular layers of the GI tract. The NRG1/ErbB pathway is involved in the development and differentiation of the ENS and regulation of the intestinal epithelium functions. Moreover, dysregulation of this pathway results in a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases. However, till now there are no summarizations of previous studies concerning distribution and functions of NRG1 and its receptors in the GI tract. The present review fills this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
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2
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Kuil LE, Chauhan RK, de Graaf BM, Cheng WW, Kakiailatu NJM, Lasabuda R, Verhaeghe C, Windster JD, Schriemer D, Azmani Z, Brooks AS, Edie S, Reeves RH, Eggen BJL, Shepherd IT, Burns AJ, Hofstra RMW, Melotte V, Brosens E, Alves MM. ATP5PO levels regulate enteric nervous system development in zebrafish, linking Hirschsprung disease to Down Syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166991. [PMID: 38128843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by the absence of enteric nervous system (ENS) in the distal region of the intestine. Down Syndrome (DS) patients have a >50-fold higher risk of developing HSCR than the general population, suggesting that overexpression of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) genes contribute to HSCR etiology. However, identification of responsible genes remains challenging. Here, we describe a genetic screening of potential candidate genes located on Hsa21, using the zebrafish. Candidate genes were located in the DS-HSCR susceptibility region, expressed in the human intestine, were known potential biomarkers for DS prenatal diagnosis, and were present in the zebrafish genome. With this approach, four genes were selected: RCAN1, ITSN1, ATP5PO and SUMO3. However, only overexpression of ATP5PO, coding for a component of the mitochondrial ATPase, led to significant reduction of ENS cells. Paradoxically, in vitro studies showed that overexpression of ATP5PO led to a reduction of ATP5PO protein levels. Impaired neuronal differentiation and reduced mitochondrial ATP production, were also detected in vitro, after overexpression of ATP5PO in a neuroblastoma cell line. Finally, epistasis was observed between ATP5PO and ret, the most important HSCR gene. Taken together, our results identify ATP5PO as the gene responsible for the increased risk of HSCR in DS patients in particular if RET variants are also present, and show that a balanced expression of ATP5PO is required for normal ENS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R K Chauhan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B M de Graaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W W Cheng
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N J M Kakiailatu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Lasabuda
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Verhaeghe
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J D Windster
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia's Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Schriemer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Z Azmani
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Edie
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - R H Reeves
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - B J L Eggen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - I T Shepherd
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - A J Burns
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Gastrointestinal Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - R M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - V Melotte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - E Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia's Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Chatterjee S, Fries LE, Yaacov O, Hu N, Berk-Rauch HE, Chakravarti A. RET enhancer haplotype-dependent remodeling of the human fetal gut development program. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011030. [PMID: 37948459 PMCID: PMC10664930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is associated with deficiency of the receptor tyrosine kinase RET, resulting in loss of cells of the enteric nervous system (ENS) during fetal gut development. The major contribution to HSCR risk is from common sequence variants in RET enhancers with additional risk from rare coding variants in many genes. Here, we demonstrate that these RET enhancer variants specifically alter the human fetal gut development program through significant decreases in gene expression of RET, members of the RET-EDNRB gene regulatory network (GRN), other HSCR genes, with an altered transcriptome of 2,382 differentially expressed genes across diverse neuronal and mesenchymal functions. A parsimonious hypothesis for these results is that beyond RET's direct effect on its GRN, it also has a major role in enteric neural crest-derived cell (ENCDC) precursor proliferation, its deficiency reducing ENCDCs with relative expansion of non-ENCDC cells. Thus, genes reducing RET proliferative activity can potentially cause HSCR. One such class is the 23 RET-dependent transcription factors enriched in early gut development. We show that their knockdown in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells reduces RET and/or EDNRB gene expression, expanding the RET-EDNRB GRN. The human embryos we studied had major remodeling of the gut transcriptome but were unlikely to have had HSCR: thus, genetic or epigenetic changes in addition to those in RET are required for aganglionosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumantra Chatterjee
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Lauren E. Fries
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Or Yaacov
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Nan Hu
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Hanna E. Berk-Rauch
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
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Yang Q, Wang F, Wang Z, Guo J, Chang T, Dalielihan B, Yang G, Lei C, Dang R. mRNA sequencing provides new insights into the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung's disease in mice. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:268. [PMID: 37676292 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to use RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR to identify the main susceptibility genes linked to the occurrence and development of Hirschsprung disease in the colonic tissues of EDNRBm1yzcm and wild mice. METHODS RNA was extracted from colon tissues of 3 mutant homozygous mice and 3 wild mice. RNA degradation, contamination concentration, and integrity were then measured. The extracted RNA was then sequenced using the Illumina platform. The obtained sequence data are filtered to ensure data quality and compared to the reference genome for further analysis. DESeq2 was used for gene expression analysis of the raw data. In addition, graphene oxide enrichment analysis and RT-qPCR validation were also performed. RESULTS This study identified 8354 differentially expressed genes in EDNRBm1yzcm and wild mouse colon tissues by RNA sequencing, including 4346 upregulated genes and 4005 downregulated genes. Correspondingly, the results of RT-qPCR analysis showed good correlation with the transcriptome data. In addition, GO and KEGG enrichment results suggested that there were 8103 terms and 320 pathways in all DEGs. When P < 0.05, 1081 GO terms and 320 KEGG pathways reached a significant level. Finally, through the existing studies and the enrichment results of differentially expressed genes, it was determined that axon guidance and the focal adhesion pathway may be closely related to the occurrence of HSCR. CONCLUSIONS This study analyzed and identified the differential genes in colonic tissues between EDNRBm1yzcm mice and wild mice, which provided new insight for further mining the potential pathogenic genes of Hirschsprung's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fuwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiajun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tingjin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Baligen Dalielihan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ruihua Dang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Yang Y, Xia L, Yang W, Wang Z, Meng W, Zhang M, Ma Q, Gou J, Wang J, Shu Y, Wu X. Transcriptome profiling of intact bowel wall reveals that PDE1A and SEMA3D are possible markers with roles in enteric smooth muscle apoptosis, proliferative disorders, and dysautonomia in Crohn's disease. Front Genet 2023; 14:1194882. [PMID: 37727374 PMCID: PMC10505932 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1194882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex and multifactorial inflammatory condition, comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). While numerous studies have explored the immune response in IBD through transcriptional profiling of the enteric mucosa, the subtle distinctions in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis remain insufficiently understood. Methods: The intact bowel wall specimens from IBD surgical patients were divided based on their inflammatory status into inflamed Crohn's disease (iCD), inflamed ulcerative colitis (iUC) and non-inflamed (niBD) groups for RNA sequencing. Differential mRNA GO (Gene Ontology), and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), and GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) bioinformatic analyses were performed with a focus on the enteric autonomic nervous system (ANS) and smooth muscle cell (SMC). The transcriptome results were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: A total of 2099 differentially expressed genes were identified from the comparison between iCD and iUC. Regulation of SMC apoptosis and proliferation were significantly enriched in iCD, but not in iUC. The involved gene PDE1A in iCD was 4-fold and 1.5-fold upregulated at qPCR and IHC compared to that in iUC. Moreover, only iCD was significantly associated with the gene sets of ANS abnormality. The involved gene SEMA3D in iCD was upregulated 8- and 5-fold at qPCR and IHC levels compared to iUC. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PDE1A and SEMA3D may serve as potential markers implicated in enteric smooth muscle apoptosis, proliferative disorders, and dysautonomia specifically in Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenming Yang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjian Meng
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of General Surgery, West China Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhe Gou
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Shu
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Center, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Vincent E, Chatterjee S, Cannon GH, Auer D, Ross H, Chakravarti A, Goff LA. Ret deficiency decreases neural crest progenitor proliferation and restricts fate potential during enteric nervous system development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211986120. [PMID: 37585461 PMCID: PMC10451519 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211986120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase RET plays a critical role in the fate specification of enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDCs) during enteric nervous system (ENS) development. RET loss of function (LoF) is associated with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), which is marked by aganglionosis of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although the major phenotypic consequences and the underlying transcriptional changes from Ret LoF in the developing ENS have been described, cell type- and state-specific effects are unknown. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on an enriched population of ENCDCs from the developing GI tract of Ret null heterozygous and homozygous mice at embryonic day (E)12.5 and E14.5. We demonstrate four significant findings: 1) Ret-expressing ENCDCs are a heterogeneous population comprising ENS progenitors as well as glial- and neuronal-committed cells; 2) neurons committed to a predominantly inhibitory motor neuron developmental trajectory are not produced under Ret LoF, leaving behind a mostly excitatory motor neuron developmental program; 3) expression patterns of HSCR-associated and Ret gene regulatory network genes are impacted by Ret LoF; and 4) Ret deficiency leads to precocious differentiation and reduction in the number of proliferating ENS precursors. Our results support a model in which Ret contributes to multiple distinct cellular phenotypes during development of the ENS, including the specification of inhibitory neuron subtypes, cell cycle dynamics of ENS progenitors, and the developmental timing of neuronal and glial commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vincent
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Sumantra Chatterjee
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Gabrielle H. Cannon
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Dallas Auer
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Holly Ross
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Loyal A. Goff
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
- Kavli Neurodiscovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21205
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Chi S, Li S, Cao G, Guo J, Han Y, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Luo Z, Li X, Rong L, Zhang M, Li L, Tang S. The interplay of common genetic variants NRG1 rs2439302 and RET rs2435357 increases the risk of developing Hirschsprung's disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1184799. [PMID: 37484916 PMCID: PMC10361661 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1184799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: As a congenital and genetically related disease, many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to be associated with the risk of HSCR. Our previous research showed that SNP rs2439302 (NRG1) interacted with rs2435357 (RET) to increase the risk of HSCR development. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still not well understood. Methods: SNP rs2439302 (NRG1) and rs2435357 (RET) were genotyped in 470 HSCR cases. The expression of NRG1 and RET was investigated in the colon of HSCR patients. Knockdown of the NRG1 and RET homologs was performed in zebrafish to investigate their synergistic effect on ENS development. The effect of SNP rs2439302 and rs2435357 polymorphism on neuron proliferation, migration, and differentiation were investigated in SHSY-5Y cells and IPSCs. Results: Significant downregulation of NRG1 and RET expression was noticed in the aganglionic segment of HSCR patients and SHSY-5Y cells with rs2439302 GG/rs2435357 TT genotype. NRG1 and RET double mutants caused the most severe reduction in enteric neuron numbers than NRG1 single mutant or RET single mutant in the hindgut of zebrafish. SHSY-5Y cells and IPSCs with rs2439302 GG/rs2435357 TT genotype exhibited a decreased proliferative, migration, and differentiative capacity. CTCF showed a considerably higher binding ability to SNP rs2439302 CC than GG. NRG1 reduction caused a further decrease in SOX10 expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway, which regulates RET expression by directly binding to rs2435357. Discussion: SNP rs2439302 (NRG1) GG increases the risk of developing HSCR by affecting the binding of transcription factor CTCF and interacting with rs2435357 (RET) to regulate RET expression via the PI3K/Akt/SOX10 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Chi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqing Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialing Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunqiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibo Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibin Luo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liying Rong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linglu Li
- China Zebrafish Resource Center, National Aquatic Biological Resource Center, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaotao Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Whole genome sequencing reveals epistasis effects within RET for Hirschsprung disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20423. [PMID: 36443333 PMCID: PMC9705416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variants in RET and NRG1 have been associated with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), a congenital disorder characterised by incomplete innervation of distal gut, in East Asian (EA) populations. However, the allelic effects so far identified do not fully explain its heritability, suggesting the presence of epistasis, where effect of one genetic variant differs depending on other (modifier) variants. Few instances of epistasis have been documented in complex diseases due to modelling complexity and data challenges. We proposed four epistasis models to comprehensively capture epistasis for HSCR between and within RET and NRG1 loci using whole genome sequencing (WGS) data in EA samples. 65 variants within the Topologically Associating Domain (TAD) of RET demonstrated significant epistasis with the lead enhancer variant (RET+3; rs2435357). These epistatic variants formed two linkage disequilibrium (LD) clusters represented by rs2506026 and rs2506028 that differed in minor allele frequency and the best-supported epistatic model. Intriguingly, rs2506028 is in high LD with one cis-regulatory variant (rs2506030) highlighted previously, suggesting that detected epistasis might be mediated through synergistic effects on transcription regulation of RET. Our findings demonstrated the advantages of WGS data for detecting epistasis, and support the presence of interactive effects of regulatory variants in RET for HSCR.
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Iskandar K, Simanjaya S, Indrawan T, Kalim AS, Marcellus, Heriyanto DS, Gunadi. Is There Any Mosaicism in REarranged During Transfection Variant in Hirschsprung Disease's Patients? Front Pediatr 2022; 10:842820. [PMID: 35359901 PMCID: PMC8960445 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.842820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a heterogeneous genetic disease characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the intestinal tract. The REarranged during Transfection (RET) is the most responsible gene for its pathogenesis. RET's somatic mosaicisms have been reported for HSCR; however, they are still under-recognized. Therefore, we determined the frequency of somatic mutation of RET rs2435357 in HSCR patients at our institution. METHODS We performed RET rs2435357 genotyping from 73 HSCR formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) rectal and 60 non-HSCR controls using the PCR-RFLP method. Subsequently, we compared those frequencies of genotypes for RET rs2435357 with our previous genotyping data from 93 HSCR blood specimens. RESULTS The frequencies of genotypes for RET rs2435357 in HSCR paraffin-embedded rectal were CC 0, CT 11 (15%), and TT 62 (85%), whereas their frequencies in HSCR blood samples were CC 4 (4.3%), CT 22 (23.7%), and TT 67 (72%). Those frequencies differences almost reached a significant level (p = 0.06). Moreover, the frequency of RET rs2435357 risk allele (T) was significantly higher in HSCR patients (135/146, 92.5%) than controls (46/120, 38.3%) (p = 3.4 × 10-22), with an odds ratio of 19.74 (95% confidence interval = 9.65-40.41). CONCLUSION Our study suggests somatic mosaicism in HSCR patients. These findings further imply the complexity of the pathogenesis of HSCR. Moreover, our study confirms the RET rs2435357 as a significant genetic risk factor for HSCR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Iskandar
- Department of Child Health/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/UGM Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Susan Simanjaya
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Taufik Indrawan
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alvin Santoso Kalim
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marcellus
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Didik Setyo Heriyanto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gunadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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10
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Chatterjee S, Karasaki KM, Fries LE, Kapoor A, Chakravarti A. A multi-enhancer RET regulatory code is disrupted in Hirschsprung disease. Genome Res 2021; 31:2199-2208. [PMID: 34782358 PMCID: PMC8647834 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275667.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The major genetic risk factors for Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) are three common polymorphisms within cis-regulatory elements (CREs) of the receptor tyrosine kinase gene RET, which reduce its expression during enteric nervous system (ENS) development. These risk variants attenuate binding of the transcription factors RARB, GATA2, and SOX10 to their cognate CREs, reduce RET gene expression, and dysregulate other ENS and HSCR genes in the RET-EDNRB gene regulatory network (GRN). Here, we use siRNA, ChIP, and CRISPR-Cas9 deletion analyses in the SK-N-SH cell line to ask how many additional HSCR-associated risk variants reside in RET CREs that affect its gene expression. We identify 22 HSCR-associated variants in candidate RET CREs, of which seven have differential allele-specific in vitro enhancer activity, and four of these seven affect RET gene expression; of these, two enhancers are bound by the transcription factor PAX3. We also show that deleting multiple variant-containing enhancers leads to synergistic effects on RET gene expression. These, coupled with our prior results, show that common sequence variants in at least 10 RET enhancers affect HSCR risk, seven with experimental evidence of affecting RET gene expression, extending the known RET-EDNRB GRN to reveal an extensive regulatory code modulating disease risk at a single gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumantra Chatterjee
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Kameko M Karasaki
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Lauren E Fries
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ashish Kapoor
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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11
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Kapoor A, Nandakumar P, Auer DR, Sosa MX, Ross H, Bollinger J, Yan J, Berrios C, Chakravarti A. Multiple, independent, common variants at RET, SEMA3 and NRG1 gut enhancers specify Hirschsprung disease risk in European ancestry subjects. J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:2286-2294. [PMID: 34006365 PMCID: PMC8526751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a developmental disorder of the enteric nervous system (ENS) characterized by congenital aganglionosis arising from coding variants in ENS genes causing partial or total loss-of-function. Low-penetrance, common, noncoding variants at RET, SEMA3 and NRG1 loci are also associated with HSCR, with small-to-moderate loss of gene expression mediated through sequence variants in cis-regulatory elements (CRE) as another causal mechanism. Since these latter variants are common, many individuals carry multiple risk variants. However, the extent and combinatorial effects of all putative CRE variants within and across these loci on HSCR is unknown. METHODS Using 583 HSCR subjects, one of the largest samples of European ancestry studied, and genotyping 56 tag variants, we evaluated association of all common variants overlapping putative gut CREs and fine-mapped causal variants at RET, SEMA3 and NRG1. RESULTS We demonstrate that 28 and 8 tag variants, several of which are genetically independent, overlap putative-enhancers at the RET and SEMA3 loci, respectively, as well as two fine-mapped tag variants at the NRG1 locus, are significantly associated with HSCR. Importantly, disease risk increases with increasing numbers of risk alleles from multiple variants within and across these loci, varying >25-fold across individuals. CONCLUSION This increasing allele number-dependent risk, we hypothesize, arises from HSCR-relevant ENS cells sensing the reduced gene expression at multiple ENS genes since their developmental effects are integrated through gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kapoor
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Priyanka Nandakumar
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dallas R. Auer
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Maria X. Sosa
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Holly Ross
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juli Bollinger
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jia Yan
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Courtney Berrios
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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12
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MacKenzie KC, Garritsen R, Chauhan RK, Sribudiani Y, de Graaf BM, Rugenbrink T, Brouwer R, van Ijcken WFJ, de Blaauw I, Brooks AS, Sloots CEJ, Meeuwsen CJHM, Wijnen RM, Newgreen DF, Burns AJ, Hofstra RMW, Alves MM, Brosens E. The Somatic Mutation Paradigm in Congenital Malformations: Hirschsprung Disease as a Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212354. [PMID: 34830235 PMCID: PMC8624421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) do not always receive a genetic diagnosis after routine screening in clinical practice. One of the reasons for this could be that the causal mutation is not present in the cell types that are usually tested—whole blood, dermal fibroblasts or saliva—but is only in the affected tissue. Such mutations are called somatic, and can occur in a given cell at any stage of development after conception. They will then be present in all subsequent daughter cells. Here, we investigated the presence of somatic mutations in HSCR patients. For this, whole-exome sequencing and copy number analysis were performed in DNA isolated from purified enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) and blood or fibroblasts of the same patient. Variants identified were subsequently validated by Sanger sequencing. Several somatic variants were identified in all patients, but causative mutations for HSCR were not specifically identified in the ENCCs of these patients. Larger copy number variants were also not found to be specific to ENCCs. Therefore, we believe that somatic mutations are unlikely to be identified, if causative for HSCR. Here, we postulate various modes of development following the occurrence of a somatic mutation, to describe the challenges in detecting such mutations, and hypothesize how somatic mutations may contribute to ‘missing heritability’ in developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C. MacKenzie
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.C.M.); (R.G.); (R.K.C.); (Y.S.); (B.M.d.G.); (T.R.); (A.S.B.); (A.J.B.); (R.M.W.H.)
| | - Rhiana Garritsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.C.M.); (R.G.); (R.K.C.); (Y.S.); (B.M.d.G.); (T.R.); (A.S.B.); (A.J.B.); (R.M.W.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.d.B.); (C.E.J.S.); (C.J.H.M.M.); (R.M.W.)
| | - Rajendra K. Chauhan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.C.M.); (R.G.); (R.K.C.); (Y.S.); (B.M.d.G.); (T.R.); (A.S.B.); (A.J.B.); (R.M.W.H.)
- Fluidigm Europe B.V., 1101 CM Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Yunia Sribudiani
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.C.M.); (R.G.); (R.K.C.); (Y.S.); (B.M.d.G.); (T.R.); (A.S.B.); (A.J.B.); (R.M.W.H.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas of Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Bianca M. de Graaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.C.M.); (R.G.); (R.K.C.); (Y.S.); (B.M.d.G.); (T.R.); (A.S.B.); (A.J.B.); (R.M.W.H.)
| | - Tim Rugenbrink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.C.M.); (R.G.); (R.K.C.); (Y.S.); (B.M.d.G.); (T.R.); (A.S.B.); (A.J.B.); (R.M.W.H.)
| | - Rutger Brouwer
- Department of Cell Biology & Center for Biomics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.B.); (W.F.J.v.I.)
| | - Wilfred F. J. van Ijcken
- Department of Cell Biology & Center for Biomics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.B.); (W.F.J.v.I.)
| | - Ivo de Blaauw
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.d.B.); (C.E.J.S.); (C.J.H.M.M.); (R.M.W.)
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alice S. Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.C.M.); (R.G.); (R.K.C.); (Y.S.); (B.M.d.G.); (T.R.); (A.S.B.); (A.J.B.); (R.M.W.H.)
| | - Cornelius E. J. Sloots
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.d.B.); (C.E.J.S.); (C.J.H.M.M.); (R.M.W.)
| | - Conny J. H. M. Meeuwsen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.d.B.); (C.E.J.S.); (C.J.H.M.M.); (R.M.W.)
| | - René M. Wijnen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.d.B.); (C.E.J.S.); (C.J.H.M.M.); (R.M.W.)
| | - Donald F. Newgreen
- Department of Cell Biology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Alan J. Burns
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.C.M.); (R.G.); (R.K.C.); (Y.S.); (B.M.d.G.); (T.R.); (A.S.B.); (A.J.B.); (R.M.W.H.)
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert M. W. Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.C.M.); (R.G.); (R.K.C.); (Y.S.); (B.M.d.G.); (T.R.); (A.S.B.); (A.J.B.); (R.M.W.H.)
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Maria M. Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.C.M.); (R.G.); (R.K.C.); (Y.S.); (B.M.d.G.); (T.R.); (A.S.B.); (A.J.B.); (R.M.W.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.A.); (E.B.)
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.C.M.); (R.G.); (R.K.C.); (Y.S.); (B.M.d.G.); (T.R.); (A.S.B.); (A.J.B.); (R.M.W.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.A.); (E.B.)
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13
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Roles of Enteric Neural Stem Cell Niche and Enteric Nervous System Development in Hirschsprung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189659. [PMID: 34575824 PMCID: PMC8465795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) is highly modulated by the synchronized interaction between the enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) and the neural stem cell niche comprising the gut microenvironment. Genetic defects dysregulating the cellular behaviour(s) of the ENCCs result in incomplete innervation and hence ENS dysfunction. Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a rare complex neurocristopathy in which the enteric neural crest-derived cells fail to colonize the distal colon. In addition to ENS defects, increasing evidence suggests that HSCR patients may have intrinsic defects in the niche impairing the extracellular matrix (ECM)-cell interaction and/or dysregulating the cellular niche factors necessary for controlling stem cell behaviour. The niche defects in patients may compromise the regenerative capacity of the stem cell-based therapy and advocate for drug- and niche-based therapies as complementary therapeutic strategies to alleviate/enhance niche-cell interaction. Here, we provide a summary of the current understandings of the role of the enteric neural stem cell niche in modulating the development of the ENS and in the pathogenesis of HSCR. Deciphering the contribution of the niche to HSCR may provide important implications to the development of regenerative medicine for HSCR.
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14
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Kuil LE, MacKenzie KC, Tang CS, Windster JD, Le TL, Karim A, de Graaf BM, van der Helm R, van Bever Y, Sloots CEJ, Meeussen C, Tibboel D, de Klein A, Wijnen RMH, Amiel J, Lyonnet S, Garcia-Barcelo MM, Tam PKH, Alves MM, Brooks AS, Hofstra RMW, Brosens E. Size matters: Large copy number losses in Hirschsprung disease patients reveal genes involved in enteric nervous system development. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009698. [PMID: 34358225 PMCID: PMC8372947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a complex genetic disease characterized by absence of ganglia in the intestine. HSCR etiology can be explained by a unique combination of genetic alterations: rare coding variants, predisposing haplotypes and Copy Number Variation (CNV). Approximately 18% of patients have additional anatomical malformations or neurological symptoms (HSCR-AAM). Pinpointing the responsible culprits within a CNV is challenging as often many genes are affected. Therefore, we selected candidate genes based on gene enrichment strategies using mouse enteric nervous system transcriptomes and constraint metrics. Next, we used a zebrafish model to investigate whether loss of these genes affects enteric neuron development in vivo. This study included three groups of patients, two groups without coding variants in disease associated genes: HSCR-AAM and HSCR patients without associated anomalies (HSCR-isolated). The third group consisted of all HSCR patients in which a confirmed pathogenic rare coding variant was identified. We compared these patient groups to unaffected controls. Predisposing haplotypes were determined, confirming that every HSCR subgroup had increased contributions of predisposing haplotypes, but their contribution was highest in isolated HSCR patients without RET coding variants. CNV profiling proved that specifically HSCR-AAM patients had larger Copy Number (CN) losses. Gene enrichment strategies using mouse enteric nervous system transcriptomes and constraint metrics were used to determine plausible candidate genes located within CN losses. Validation in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 targeting confirmed the contribution of UFD1L, TBX2, SLC8A1, and MAPK8 to ENS development. In addition, we revealed epistasis between reduced Ret and Gnl1 expression and between reduced Ret and Tubb5 expression in vivo. Rare large CN losses—often de novo—contribute to HSCR in HSCR-AAM patients. We proved the involvement of six genes in enteric nervous system development and Hirschsprung disease. Hirschsprung disease is a congenital disorder characterized by the absence of intestinal neurons in the distal part of the intestine. It is a complex genetic disorder in which multiple variations in our genome combined, result in disease. One of these variations are Copy Number Variations (CNVs): large segments of our genome that are duplicated or deleted. Patients often have Hirschsprung disease without other symptoms. However, a proportion of patients has additional associated anatomical malformations and neurological symptoms. We found that CNVs, present in patients with associated anomalies, are more often larger compared to unaffected controls or Hirschsprung patients without other symptoms. Furthermore, Copy Number (CN) losses are enriched for constrained coding regions (CCR; genes usually not impacted by genomic alterations in unaffected controls) of which the expression is higher in the developing intestinal neurons compared to the intestine. We modelled loss of these candidate genes in zebrafish by disrupting the zebrafish orthologues by genome editing. For several genes this resulted in changes in intestinal neuron development, reminiscent of HSCR observed in patients. The results presented here highlight the importance of Copy Number profiling, zebrafish validation and evaluating all CCR expressed in developing intestinal neurons during diagnostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine C. MacKenzie
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clara S. Tang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong–Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan D. Windster
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thuy Linh Le
- Laboratory of embryology and genetics of malformations, Institut Imagine Université de Paris INSERM UMR1163 Necker Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anwarul Karim
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bianca M. de Graaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert van der Helm
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande van Bever
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelius E. J. Sloots
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conny Meeussen
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René M. H. Wijnen
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Laboratory of embryology and genetics of malformations, Institut Imagine Université de Paris INSERM UMR1163 Necker Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Laboratory of embryology and genetics of malformations, Institut Imagine Université de Paris INSERM UMR1163 Necker Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Paul K. H. Tam
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong–Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria M. Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alice S. Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M. W. Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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15
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Karim A, Tang CSM, Tam PKH. The Emerging Genetic Landscape of Hirschsprung Disease and Its Potential Clinical Applications. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:638093. [PMID: 34422713 PMCID: PMC8374333 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.638093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is the leading cause of neonatal functional intestinal obstruction. It is a rare congenital disease with an incidence of one in 3,500-5,000 live births. HSCR is characterized by the absence of enteric ganglia in the distal colon, plausibly due to genetic defects perturbing the normal migration, proliferation, differentiation, and/or survival of the enteric neural crest cells as well as impaired interaction with the enteric progenitor cell niche. Early linkage analyses in Mendelian and syndromic forms of HSCR uncovered variants with large effects in major HSCR genes including RET, EDNRB, and their interacting partners in the same biological pathways. With the advances in genome-wide genotyping and next-generation sequencing technologies, there has been a remarkable progress in understanding of the genetic basis of HSCR in the past few years, with common and rare variants with small to moderate effects being uncovered. The discovery of new HSCR genes such as neuregulin and BACE2 as well as the deeper understanding of the roles and mechanisms of known HSCR genes provided solid evidence that many HSCR cases are in the form of complex polygenic/oligogenic disorder where rare variants act in the sensitized background of HSCR-associated common variants. This review summarizes the roadmap of genetic discoveries of HSCR from the earlier family-based linkage analyses to the recent population-based genome-wide analyses coupled with functional genomics, and how these discoveries facilitated our understanding of the genetic architecture of this complex disease and provide the foundation of clinical translation for precision and stratified medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Karim
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Sze-Man Tang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak-Sum Research Center, The University of Hong Kong—Karolinska Institute Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Kwong-Hang Tam
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak-Sum Research Center, The University of Hong Kong—Karolinska Institute Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Increased RET Activity Coupled with a Reduction in the RET Gene Dosage Causes Intestinal Aganglionosis in Mice. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0534-20.2021. [PMID: 33958373 PMCID: PMC8174796 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0534-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the gene encoding the RET tyrosine kinase causes Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Current consensus holds that HSCR and MTC are induced by inactivating and activating RET mutations, respectively. However, it remains unknown whether activating mutations in the RET gene have adverse effects on ENS development in vivo We addressed this issue by examining mice engineered to express RET51(C618F), an activating mutation identified in MTC patients. Although Ret51(C618F)/51(C618F) mice displayed hyperganglionosis of the ENS, Ret51(C618F)/- mice exhibited severe intestinal aganglionosis because of premature neuronal differentiation. Reduced levels of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a RET-activating neurotrophic factor, ameliorated the ENS phenotype of Ret51(C618F)/- mice, demonstrating that GDNF-mediated activation of RET51(C618F) is responsible for severe aganglionic phenotype. The RET51(C618F) allele showed genetic interaction with Ednrb gene, one of modifier genes for HSCR. These data reveal that proliferation and differentiation of ENS precursors are exquisitely controlled by both the activation levels and total dose of RET. Increased RET activity coupled with a decreased gene dosage can cause intestinal aganglionosis, a finding that provides novel insight into HSCR pathogenesis.
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Gunadi, Ryantono F, Sethi R, Marcellus, Kalim AS, Imelda P, Melati D, Simanjaya S, Widitjiarso W, Pitaka RT, Arfian N, Iskandar K, Makhmudi A, Lai PS. Effect of semaphorin 3C gene variants in multifactorial Hirschsprung disease. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060520987789. [PMID: 33557656 PMCID: PMC7876767 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520987789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cluster genes, specifically the class 3 semaphorins (SEMA3) including SEMA3C, have been associated with the development of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) in Caucasian populations. We aimed to screen for rare and common variants in SEMA3C in Indonesian patients with HSCR. METHODS In this prospective clinical study, we analyzed SEMA3C gene variants in 55 patients with HSCR through DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS Two variants in SEMA3C were found: p.Val337Met (rs1527482) and p.Val579 = (rs2272351). The rare variant rs1527482 (A) was significantly overrepresented in our HSCR patients (9.1%) compared with South Asian controls in the 1000 Genomes (4.7%) and Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC; 3.5%) databases. Our analysis using bioinformatics tools predicted this variant to be evolutionarily conserved and damaging to SEMA3C protein function. Although the frequency of the other variant, rs2272351 (G), also differed significantly in Indonesian patients with HSCR (27.3%) from that in South Asian controls in 1000 Genomes (6.2%) and ExAC (4.6%), it is a synonymous variant and not likely to affect protein function. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive report of SEMA3C screening in patients of Asian ancestry with HSCR and identifies rs1527482 as a possible disease risk allele in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fiko Ryantono
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Raman Sethi
- Department of Pediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore and The Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Marcellus
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alvin Santoso Kalim
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Priscillia Imelda
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Devy Melati
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Susan Simanjaya
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - William Widitjiarso
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ririd Tri Pitaka
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nur Arfian
- Department of Anatomy/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kristy Iskandar
- Department of Child Health/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/UGM Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Akhmad Makhmudi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Poh San Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore and The Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore
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18
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Jiang Q, Wang Y, Gao Y, Wang H, Zhang Z, Li Q, Xu S, Cai W, Li L. RET compound inheritance in Chinese patients with Hirschsprung disease: lack of penetrance from insufficient gene dysfunction. Hum Genet 2021; 140:813-825. [PMID: 33433679 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a neurocristopathy characterized by the absence of enteric ganglia along variable lengths of the intestine. Genetic defects play a major role in HSCR pathogenesis with nearly 50% of patients having a structural or regulatory deficiency in the major susceptibility gene RET. However, complete molecular defects remain poorly characterized in most patients. Here, we performed detailed genetic, molecular, and populational investigations of rare null mutations and modifiers at the RET locus. We first verified the pathogenicity of three RET splice site mutants (c.1879 + 1G > A, c.2607 + 5G > A and c.2608-3C > G) at the RNA level. We also identified significantly higher risk allele (genotype) frequencies, and their over-transmission, from unaffected parents to affected offspring of three functionally independent enhancer variants (rs2506030, rs7069590 and rs2435357, with odd ratios (OR) of 2.09, 2.71 and 7.59, respectively, P < 0.001). These three common variants are in significant (P < 4.64 × 10-186) linkage disequilibrium in the Han Chinese population with ~ 60% of them carrying at least one copy and > 10% with two copies. We show that RET compound inheritance of rare and common variants prevails in 64% (seven out of 11) of Chinese HSCR families. This study supports the idea that common RET variants can modify the penetrance of rare null RET mutations in HSCR, and the combined high susceptibility allele dosage may constitute the unique raised "risk baseline" among the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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19
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Bourcier L, Crapoulet N, Ouellette RJ, Mallet M, Ben Amor M. Phenotypic spectrum associated with pathogenic mutation in the NRG1 gene in Acadian family. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1211-1215. [PMID: 33421311 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
NRG1 is a gene that encodes for a protein that binds to a receptor of the tyrosine kinase family which is essential for the survival of the central nervous system development during embryogenesis. Mutation of the NRG1 gene causes aganglionosis, which leads to Hirschsprung disease. Two brothers of Acadian descent presented with a history of Hirschsprung disease, in association with other anomalies including congenital heart disease, learning difficulties, developmental issues, and hypopigmented hair patch. Molecular analysis in both siblings revealed a heterozygous pathogenic mutation in the NGR1 gene (c.235C>T [p.Arg79*]), that was inherited from an unaffected father. This family expands our knowledge about the phenotypic spectrum associated with pathogenic mutation in the NRG1 gene with intrafamilial variability and the likely reduced penetrance for the phenotypic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Bourcier
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, Canada
| | - Nicolas Crapoulet
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Réseau de santé Vitalité, Moncton, Canada
| | - Rodney J Ouellette
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Réseau de santé Vitalité, Moncton, Canada
| | - Mathieu Mallet
- Bureau d'appui à la recherche régional, Réseau de santé Vitalité, Moncton, Canada
| | - Mouna Ben Amor
- Service de médecine génétique, Réseau de santé Vitalité, Moncton, Canada
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20
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Common variants of NRG1 and ITGB4 confer risk of Hirschsprung disease in Han Chinese population. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:2758-2765. [PMID: 32418639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component. Common variants of NRG1 contributed to HSCR risk in Asians, and rare variants of ERBB2 and ITGB4 were found to be associated with HSCR. ERBB2 and ITGB4 are partners of Nrg1/ErbB pathway, which is important in HSCR pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate whether common variants in NRG1, ERBB2 and ITGB4 were associated with HSCR in Chinese Han population. METHODS We genotype 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NRG1, ERBB2 and ITGB4 in 420 HSCR patients and 1665 controls, and performed association analysis. RESULTS We validated associations of two NRG1 SNPs rs7835688 (PAllelic = 2.2 × 10-20, OR = 2.21, 95%CI = 1.86-2.62) and rs16879552 (PAllelic = 5.6 × 10-9, OR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.35-1.83) with risk to HSCR. SNP rs3744000 located 5' upstream of ITGB4 showed association with HSCR (PAllelic = 2.4 × 10-3, OR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.09-1.49). Four SNPs of ERBB2 exhibited no association. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that common variation of ITGB4 and NRG1 conferred risk to HSCR in Chinese Han population, which further highlighted Nrg-1/ErbB pathway involving in the pathogenesis of HSCR.
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21
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MacKenzie KC, de Graaf BM, Syrimis A, Zhao Y, Brosens E, Mancini GMS, Schot R, Halley D, Wilke M, Vøllo A, Flinter F, Green A, Mansour S, Pilch J, Stark Z, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Christophidou-Anastasiadou V, Hofstra RMW, Jongbloed JDH, Nicolaou N, Tanteles GA, Brooks AS, Alves MM. Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome is determined by the absence, or reduced expression levels, of KIFBP. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1906-1917. [PMID: 32939943 PMCID: PMC7693350 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome (GOSHS) is caused by loss of function variants in the kinesin binding protein gene (KIFBP). However, the phenotypic range of this syndrome is wide, indicating that other factors may play a role. To date, 37 patients with GOSHS have been reported. Here, we document nine new patients with variants in KIFBP: seven with nonsense variants and two with missense variants. To our knowledge, this is the first time that missense variants have been reported in GOSHS. We functionally investigated the effect of the variants identified, in an attempt to find a genotype-phenotype correlation. We also determined whether common Hirschsprung disease (HSCR)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), could explain the presence of HSCR in GOSHS. Our results showed that the missense variants led to reduced expression of KIFBP, while the truncating variants resulted in lack of protein. However, no correlation was found between the severity of GOSHS and the location of the variants. We were also unable to find a correlation between common HSCR-associated SNPs, and HSCR development in GOSHS. In conclusion, we show that reduced, as well as lack of KIFBP expression can lead to GOSHS, and our results suggest that a threshold expression of KIFBP may modulate phenotypic variability of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C MacKenzie
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca M de Graaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Syrimis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics and Archbishop Makarios III Medical Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Yuying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dicky Halley
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arve Vøllo
- Department of Paediatrics, Sykehuset Østfold HF, Fredrikstad, Norway
| | - Frances Flinter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Green
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sahar Mansour
- South West Thames Regional Genetic Service, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
| | - Jacek Pilch
- Department of Child Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan D H Jongbloed
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nayia Nicolaou
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics and Archbishop Makarios III Medical Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George A Tanteles
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics and Archbishop Makarios III Medical Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Saysoo MR, Dewi FST, Gunadi. Quality of life of patients with Hirschsprung disease after Duhamel and Soave pull-through procedures: A mixed-methods sequential explanatory cohort study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 56:34-37. [PMID: 32577229 PMCID: PMC7303518 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL) is one of the important outcomes for patients with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) after pull-through that provides qualitative data concerning the long-term outcomes, however, it has not been well-studied. The HSCR/anorectal malformation quality of life questionnaire (HAQL) is considered valid and reliable to evaluate the QoL of HSCR patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A mixed-method sequential explanatory cohort study was conducted to compare the QoL of HSCR patients after Duhamel and Soave pull-through at Dr. Sardjito Hospital between 2013 and 2018 using an Indonesian adaptation of the HAQL, followed by a qualitative study. RESULTS We ascertained eleven HSCR patients (Duhamel: five HAQL parents and one HAQL adolescent vs. Soave: four HAQL parents and one HAQL adult). For the quantitative study, the mean HAQL score was 2.50 and 2.79 for the Duhamel and Soave groups, respectively. For the qualitative study, interviewed patients' parents expressed how their child's life had improved after surgery. However, frequent bloating was a major complaint following Soave surgery, whereas hardened stools were a major problem after Duhamel procedure. CONCLUSION Here, for the first time using a mixed-method sequential explanatory cohort design, we show that patients with HSCR after Soave tended to have a higher overall QoL score compared to the Duhamel group. Further multicenter study with a larger sample size is mandatory to give better understanding about QoL of HSCR patients following pull-through.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Raj Saysoo
- Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi
- Department of Health Behavior, Environment and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Gunadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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23
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Wang Y, Jiang Q, Cai H, Xu Z, Wu W, Gu B, Li L, Cai W. Genetic variants in RET, ARHGEF3 and CTNNAL1, and relevant interaction networks, contribute to the risk of Hirschsprung disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4379-4393. [PMID: 32139661 PMCID: PMC7093166 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), the most common enteric neuropathy, stands as a model for complex genetic disorders. It has recently been demonstrated that both ARHGEF3 and CTNNAL1 map to the RET-dependent HSCR susceptibility loci. We therefore sought to explore whether genetic variants within RET, ARHGEF3 and CTNNAL1, and their genetic interaction networks are associated with HSCR. Taking advantage of a strategy that combined the MassArray system and gene-gene interaction analysis with case-control study, we interrogated 38 polymorphisms within RET, ARHGEF3 and CTNNAL1 in 1015 subjects (502 HSCR cases and 513 controls) of Han Chinese origin. There were statistically significant associations between 20 genetic variants in these three genes and HSCR. Haplotype analysis also revealed some significant global P values, i.e. RET_ rs2435357-rs752978-rs74400468-rs2435353-rs2075913-rs17028-rs2435355 (P = 3.79×10-58). Using the MDR and GeneMANIA platforms, we found strong genetic interactions among RET, ARHGEF3, and CTNNAL1 and our previously studied GAL, GAP43, NRSN1, PTCH1, GABRG2 and RELN genes. These results offer the first indication that genetic markers of RET, ARHGEF3 and CTNNAL1 and relevant genetic interaction networks confer the altered risk to HSCR in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Beilin Gu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
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24
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Gunadi, Kalim AS, Budi NYP, Hafiq HM, Maharani A, Febrianti M, Ryantono F, Yulianda D, Iskandar K, Veltman JA. Aberrant Expressions and Variant Screening of SEMA3D in Indonesian Hirschsprung Patients. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:60. [PMID: 32219083 PMCID: PMC7078240 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The semaphorin 3D (SEMA3D) gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), a complex genetic disorder characterized by the loss of ganglion cells in varying lengths of gastrointestinal tract. We wished to investigate the role of SEMA3D variants, both rare and common variants, as well as its mRNA expression in Indonesian HSCR patients. Methods: Sanger sequencing was performed in 54 HSCR patients to find a pathogenic variant in SEMA3D. Next, we determined SEMA3D expression in 18 HSCR patients and 13 anorectal malformation colons as controls by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: No rare variant was found in the SEMA3D gene, except one common variant in exon 17, p.Lys701Gln (rs7800072). The risk allele (C) frequency at rs7800072 among HSCR patients (23%) was similar to those reported for the 1,000 Genomes (27%) and ExAC (28%) East Asian ancestry controls (p = 0.49 and 0.41, respectively). A significant difference in SEMA3D expression was observed between groups (p = 0.04). Furthermore, qPCR revealed that SEMA3D expression was strongly up-regulated (5.5-fold) in the ganglionic colon of HSCR patients compared to control colon (ΔCT 10.8 ± 2.1 vs. 13.3 ± 3.9; p = 0.025). Conclusions: We report the first study of aberrant SEMA3D expressions in HSCR patients and suggest further understanding into the contribution of aberrant SEMA3D expression in the development of HSCR. In addition, this study is the first comprehensive analysis of SEMA3D variants in the Asian ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alvin Santoso Kalim
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nova Yuli Prasetyo Budi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hamzah Muhammad Hafiq
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Maharani
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maharani Febrianti
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fiko Ryantono
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dicky Yulianda
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kristy Iskandar
- Department of Child Health/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/UGM Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Chatterjee S, Nandakumar P, Auer DR, Gabriel SB, Chakravarti A. Gene- and tissue-level interactions in normal gastrointestinal development and Hirschsprung disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26697-26708. [PMID: 31818953 PMCID: PMC6936708 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908756116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the gut from endodermal tissue to an organ with multiple distinct structures and functions occurs over a prolonged time during embryonic days E10.5-E14.5 in the mouse. During this process, one major event is innervation of the gut by enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) to establish the enteric nervous system (ENS). To understand the molecular processes underpinning gut and ENS development, we generated RNA-sequencing profiles from wild-type mouse guts at E10.5, E12.5, and E14.5 from both sexes. We also generated these profiles from homozygous Ret null embryos, a model for Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), in which the ENS is absent. These data reveal 4 major features: 1) between E10.5 and E14.5 the developmental genetic programs change from expression of major transcription factors and its modifiers to genes controlling tissue (epithelium, muscle, endothelium) specialization; 2) the major effect of Ret is not only on ENCC differentiation to enteric neurons but also on the enteric mesenchyme and epithelium; 3) a muscle genetic program exerts significant effects on ENS development; and 4) sex differences in gut development profiles are minor. The genetic programs identified, and their changes across development, suggest that both cell autonomous and nonautonomous factors, and interactions between the different developing gut tissues, are important for normal ENS development and its disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumantra Chatterjee
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Priyanka Nandakumar
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Dallas R. Auer
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Stacey B. Gabriel
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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Lantieri F, Gimelli S, Viaggi C, Stathaki E, Malacarne M, Santamaria G, Grossi A, Mosconi M, Sloan-Béna F, Prato AP, Coviello D, Ceccherini I. Copy number variations in candidate genomic regions confirm genetic heterogeneity and parental bias in Hirschsprung disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:270. [PMID: 31767031 PMCID: PMC6878652 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hirschsprung Disease (HSCR) is a congenital defect of the intestinal innervations characterized by complex inheritance. Many susceptibility genes including RET, the major HSCR gene, and several linked regions and associated loci have been shown to contribute to disease pathogenesis. Nonetheless, a proportion of patients still remains unexplained. Copy Number Variations (CNVs) have already been involved in HSCR, and for this reason we performed Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), using a custom array with high density probes. Results A total of 20 HSCR candidate regions/genes was tested in 55 sporadic patients and four patients with already known chromosomal aberrations. Among 83 calls, 12 variants were experimentally validated, three of which involving the HSCR crucial genes SEMA3A/3D, NRG1, and PHOX2B. Conversely RET involvement in HSCR does not seem to rely on the presence of CNVs while, interestingly, several gains and losses did co-occur with another RET defect, thus confirming that more than one predisposing event is necessary for HSCR to develop. New loci were also shown to be involved, such as ALDH1A2, already found to play a major role in the enteric nervous system. Finally, all the inherited CNVs were of maternal origin. Conclusions Our results confirm a wide genetic heterogeneity in HSCR occurrence and support a role of candidate genes in expression regulation and cell signaling, thus contributing to depict further the molecular complexity of the genomic regions involved in the Enteric Nervous System development. The observed maternal transmission bias for HSCR associated CNVs supports the hypothesis that in females these variants might be more tolerated, requiring additional alterations to develop HSCR disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lantieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, sezione di Biostatistica, Universita' degli Studi di Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Gimelli
- Department of Medical Genetic and Laboratories, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Viaggi
- S.C. Laboratorio Genetica Umana, Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elissavet Stathaki
- Department of Medical Genetic and Laboratories, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michela Malacarne
- S.C. Laboratorio Genetica Umana, Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy.,Present address: U.O.C. Laboratorio di Genetica Umana, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, 16148, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santamaria
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alice Grossi
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Mosconi
- UOC Chirurgia Pediatrica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Frédérique Sloan-Béna
- Department of Medical Genetic and Laboratories, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Pini Prato
- UOC Chirurgia Pediatrica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148, Genoa, Italy.,Present address: Children Hospital, AON SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Domenico Coviello
- S.C. Laboratorio Genetica Umana, Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy.,Present address: U.O.C. Laboratorio di Genetica Umana, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, 16148, Italy
| | - Isabella Ceccherini
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16148, Genoa, Italy.
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Gao Y, Huang B, Bai F, Wu F, Zhou Z, Lai Z, Li S, Qu K, Jia Y, Lei C, Dang R. Two Novel SNPs in RET Gene Are Associated with Cattle Body Measurement Traits. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E836. [PMID: 31640119 PMCID: PMC6826558 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rearrangement of the transfection (RET) gene, which mediates the functions of the ganglion in the gastrointestinal tract, plays an important role in the development of the gastrointestinal nervous system. Therefore, the RET gene is a potential factor influencing animal body measurement. The aim of this study was to reveal the significant genetic variations in the bovine RET gene and investigate the relationship between genotypes and body measurement in two Chinese cattle breeds (Qinchuan and Nanyang cattle). In this study, two SNPs (c.1407A>G and c.1425C>G) were detected in the exon 7 of RET gene by sequencing. For the SNP1 and SNP2, the GG genotype was significantly associated with body height, hip height, and chest circumference in Qinchuan cattle (p < 0.05). Individuals with an AG-CC genotype showed the lowest value of all body measurement in both breeds. Our results demonstrate that the polymorphisms in the bovine RET gene were significantly associated with body measurement, which could be used as DNA marker on the marker-assisted selection (MAS) and improve the performance of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650212, China.
| | - Fuxia Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhenyu Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shipeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Kaixing Qu
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650212, China.
| | - Yutang Jia
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ruihua Dang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang XJ, Camilleri M. Chronic Megacolon Presenting in Adolescents or Adults: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Genetic Associations. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:2750-2756. [PMID: 30953226 PMCID: PMC6744965 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic megacolon is rarely encountered in clinical practice beyond infancy or early childhood. Most cases are sporadic, and some are familial megacolon and present during adolescence or adulthood. There is a need for diagnostic criteria and identifying genetic variants reported in non-Hirschsprung's megacolon. METHODS PubMed search was conducted using specific key words. RESULTS This article reviews the clinical manifestations, current diagnostic criteria, and intraluminal measurements of colonic compliance to confirm the diagnosis when the radiological imaging is not conclusive. Normal ranges of colonic compliance at 20, 30, and 44 mmHg distension are provided. The diverse genetic associations with chronic acquired megacolon beyond childhood are reviewed, including the potential association of SEMA3F gene in a family with megacolon. CONCLUSIONS Measuring colonic compliance could be standardized and simplified by measuring volume at 20, 30, and 44 mmHg distension to identify megacolon when radiology is inconclusive. Diverse genetic associations with chronic acquired megacolon beyond childhood have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jing Wang
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Charlton Bldg., Rm. 8-110, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Charlton Bldg., Rm. 8-110, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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29
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Tilghman JM, Ling AY, Turner TN, Sosa MX, Krumm N, Chatterjee S, Kapoor A, Coe BP, Nguyen KDH, Gupta N, Gabriel S, Eichler EE, Berrios C, Chakravarti A. Molecular Genetic Anatomy and Risk Profile of Hirschsprung's Disease. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:1421-1432. [PMID: 30970187 PMCID: PMC6596298 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1706594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's disease, or congenital aganglionosis, is a developmental disorder of the enteric nervous system and is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in neonates and infants. The disease has more than 80% heritability, including significant associations with rare and common sequence variants in genes related to the enteric nervous system, as well as with monogenic and chromosomal syndromes. METHODS We genotyped and exome-sequenced samples from 190 patients with Hirschsprung's disease to quantify the genetic burden in patients with this condition. DNA sequence variants, large copy-number variants, and karyotype variants in probands were considered to be pathogenic when they were significantly associated with Hirschsprung's disease or another neurodevelopmental disorder. Novel genes were confirmed by functional studies in the mouse and human embryonic gut and in zebrafish embryos. RESULTS The presence of five or more variants in four noncoding elements defined a widespread risk of Hirschsprung's disease (48.4% of patients and 17.1% of controls; odds ratio, 4.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.19 to 6.46). Rare coding variants in 24 genes that play roles in enteric neural-crest cell fate, 7 of which were novel, were also common (34.7% of patients and 5.0% of controls) and conferred a much greater risk than noncoding variants (odds ratio, 10.02; 95% CI, 6.45 to 15.58). Large copy-number variants, which were present in fewer patients (11.4%, as compared with 0.2% of controls), conferred the highest risk (odds ratio, 63.07; 95% CI, 36.75 to 108.25). At least one identifiable genetic risk factor was found in 72.1% of the patients, and at least 48.4% of patients had a structural or regulatory deficiency in the gene encoding receptor tyrosine kinase (RET). For individual patients, the estimated risk of Hirschsprung's disease ranged from 5.33 cases per 100,000 live births (approximately 1 per 18,800) to 8.38 per 1000 live births (approximately 1 per 120). CONCLUSIONS Among the patients in our study, Hirschsprung's disease arose from common noncoding variants, rare coding variants, and copy-number variants affecting genes involved in enteric neural-crest cell fate that exacerbate the widespread genetic susceptibility associated with RET. For individual patients, the genotype-specific odds ratios varied by a factor of approximately 67, which provides a basis for risk stratification and genetic counseling. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Tilghman
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
| | - Albee Y Ling
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
| | - Tychele N Turner
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
| | - Maria X Sosa
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
| | - Niklas Krumm
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
| | - Sumantra Chatterjee
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
| | - Ashish Kapoor
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
| | - Bradley P Coe
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
| | - Khanh-Dung H Nguyen
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
| | - Namrata Gupta
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
| | - Evan E Eichler
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
| | - Courtney Berrios
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- From the Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.T., A.Y.L., T.N.T., M.X.S., S.C., A.K., K.-D.H.N., C.B., A.C.); the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine (T.N.T., N.K., A.K., B.P.C., E.E.E.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington (E.E.E.) - both in Seattle; and Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (K.-D.H.N., N.G., S.G.)
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Virtanen VB, Salo PP, Cao J, Löf-Granström A, Milani L, Metspalu A, Rintala RJ, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Paunio T, Wester T, Nordenskjöld A, Perola M, Pakarinen MP. Noncoding RET variants explain the strong association with Hirschsprung disease in patients without rare coding sequence variant. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:229-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Moore SW. Advances in understanding the association between Down syndrome and Hirschsprung disease (DS-HSCR). Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34:1127-1137. [PMID: 30218169 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-018-4344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical association between Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and aganglionosis (Hirschsprung disease; DS-HSCR) is well-established, being of the order of 5% and remains the most common congenital association with Hirschsprung disease. However, little consensus exists as to the possible etiologic and genetic factors influencing this association. Recent research has identified a number of levels at which development of the enteric nervous system is potentially affected in Trisomy 21. These include a decreased central pool of available neuroblasts for migration into the enteric nervous system, abnormal neuroblast type, poor synaptic nerve function and early germline gene-related influences on the migrating neuroblasts due to genetic mutations of a number of important developmental genes, and possible somatic mutations resulting from alterations in the local tissue microenvironment. In this paper, we review available evidence for this association. In addition, we provide evidence of both germline and somatic gene mutations suggesting causation. Although the picture is complex, recent associations between specific RET proto-oncogene variations have been shown to be significant in Down syndrome patients with Hirschsprung disease, as they probably interfere with vital RET functions in the development of the autonomic and enteric nervous systems, increasing the risk of disturbed normal function. In addition, we explore potential role of other facilitatory influence of other susceptibility genes as well as potential other chromosome 21 gene actions and the microenvironment on the Down syndrome gastro-intestinal tract. The various ways in which trisomy of chromosome influences the enteric nervous system are becoming clearer. The sum of these effects influences the outcome of surgery in Down syndrome patients with Hirschsprung Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Moore
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 241, Cape Town, South Africa.
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32
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López SH, Avetisyan M, Wright CM, Mesbah K, Kelly RG, Moon AM, Heuckeroth RO. Loss of Tbx3 in murine neural crest reduces enteric glia and causes cleft palate, but does not influence heart development or bowel transit. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S337-S351. [PMID: 30292786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors that coordinate migration, differentiation or proliferation of enteric nervous system (ENS) precursors are not well defined. To identify novel transcriptional regulators of ENS development, we performed microarray analysis at embryonic day (E) 17.5 and identified many genes that were enriched in the ENS compared to other bowel cells. We decided to investigate the T-box transcription factor Tbx3, which is prominently expressed in developing and mature ENS. Haploinsufficiency for TBX3 causes ulnar-mammary syndrome (UMS) in humans, a multi-organ system disorder. TBX3 also regulates several genes known to be important for ENS development. To test the hypothesis that Tbx3 is important for ENS development or function, we inactivated Tbx3 in all neural crest derivatives, including ENS progenitors using Wnt1-Cre and a floxed Tbx3 allele. Tbx3 fl/fl; Wnt1-Cre conditional mutant mice die shortly after birth with cleft palate and difficulty feeding. The ENS of mutants was well-organized with a normal density of enteric neurons and nerve fiber bundles, but small bowel glial cell density was reduced. Despite this, bowel motility appeared normal. Furthermore, although Tbx3 is expressed in cardiac neural crest, Tbx3 fl/fl; Wnt1-Cre mice had structurally normal hearts. Thus, loss of Tbx3 within neural crest has selective effects on Tbx3-expressing neural crest derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Huerta López
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Research Center - Suite # 1116I, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, United States
| | - Marina Avetisyan
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Research Center - Suite # 1116I, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Christina M Wright
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Research Center - Suite # 1116I, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, United States
| | - Karim Mesbah
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Anne M Moon
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, United States; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Robert O Heuckeroth
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Research Center - Suite # 1116I, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, United States.
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Gunadi, Budi NYP, Sethi R, Fauzi AR, Kalim AS, Indrawan T, Iskandar K, Makhmudi A, Adrianto I, San LP. NRG1 variant effects in patients with Hirschsprung disease. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:292. [PMID: 30180823 PMCID: PMC6123906 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder characterized by absence of ganglion cells along the intestines resulting in functional bowel obstruction. Mutations in neuregulin 1 (NRG1) gene have been implicated in some cases of intestinal aganglionosis. This study aims to investigate the contribution of the NRG1 gene to HSCR development in an Indonesian population. Methods We analyzed the entire coding region of the NRG1 gene in 54 histopathologically diagnosed HSCR patients. Results All patients were sporadic non-syndromic HSCR with 53/54 (98%) short-segment and 1/54 (2%) long-segment patients. NRG1 gene analysis identified one rare variant, c.397G > C (p.V133 L), and three common variants, rs7834206, rs3735774, and rs75155858. The p.V133 L variant was predicted to reside within a region of high mammalian conservation, overlapping with the promoter and enhancer histone marks of relevant tissues such as digestive and smooth muscle tissues and potentially altering the AP-4_2, BDP1_disc3, Egr-1_known1, Egr-1_known4, HEN1_2 transcription factor binding motifs. This p.V133 L variant was absent in 92 non-HSCR controls. Furthermore, the rs7834206 polymorphism was associated with HSCR by case–control analysis (p = 0.037). Conclusions This study is the first report of a NRG1 rare variant associated with HSCR patients of South-East Asian ancestry and provides further insights into the contribution of NRG1 in the molecular genetic pathogenesis of HSCR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-018-1265-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Nova Yuli Prasetyo Budi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Raman Sethi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,The Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Aditya Rifqi Fauzi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Alvin Santoso Kalim
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Taufik Indrawan
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Kristy Iskandar
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/UGM Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55291, Indonesia
| | - Akhmad Makhmudi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Indra Adrianto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Lai Poh San
- Department of Pediatrics, Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,The Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
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Combined Genetic Effects of RET and NRG1 Susceptibility Variants on Multifactorial Hirschsprung Disease in Indonesia. J Surg Res 2018; 233:96-99. [PMID: 30502294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific genetic variants at RET (rs2435357) and NRG1 (rs7835688, rs16879552) are associated with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the additional effect of RET rs2506030 on these variants to determine its potential interactions in HSCR patients of Indonesian ancestry. METHODS Sixty HSCR patients and 122 non-HSCR controls were ascertained for this study and genotyped for RET rs2506030 using the TaqMan assay. RESULTS RET rs2506030 was associated with HSCR both by case-control analysis (odds ratio = 1.68; P = 0.043) and the transmission disequilibrium test (P = 0.034). Furthermore, individuals with five or six risk alleles at RET rs2506030, rs2435357 and NRG1 rs7835688 showed ∼45-fold higher HSCR risk than those with 0 or 1 or 2 risk alleles. CONCLUSIONS Disease risk of HSCR is increased by the combination of specific RET and NRG1 susceptibility variants.
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35
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ICAM1K469E Polymorphism Effect in Gastroschisis Patients. Int Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-17-00045.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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36
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Zhang Y, Xie X, Zeng J, Wu Q, Zhang R, Zhu D, Xia H. Association of NRG1 and AUTS2 genetic polymorphisms with Hirschsprung disease in a South Chinese population. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2190-2199. [PMID: 29377512 PMCID: PMC5867083 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of enteric ganglia. There are more than 15 genes identified as contributed to HSCR by family-based or population-based approaches. However, these findings were not fulfilled to explain the heritability of most sporadic cases. In this study, using 1470 HSCR and 1473 control subjects in South Chinese population, we replicated two variants in NRG1 (rs16879552, P = 1.05E-04 and rs7835688, P = 1.19E-07), and further clarified the two replicated SNPs were more essential for patients with short-segment aganglionosis (SHSCR) (P = 2.37E-05). We also tried to replicate the most prominent signal (rs7785360) in AUTS2, which was a potential susceptibility gene with HSCR. In our results, in terms of individual association, marginal effect was observed to affect the HSCR patients following recessive model (P = 0.089). Noteworthy, significant intergenic synergistic effect between rs16879552 (NRG1) and rs7785360 (AUTS2) was identified through cross-validation by logistic regression (P = 2.45E-03, OR = 1.53) and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR, P < 0.0001, OR = 1.77). Significant correlation was observed between expression of these two genes in the normal segments of the colons (P = 0.018), together with differential expression of these genes between aganglionic colonic segments and normal colonic segments of the HSCR patients (P value for AUTS2 <0.0001, P value for NRG1 = 0.0243). Although functional evaluation is required, we supply new evidence for the NRG1 to HSCR and raised up a new susceptibility gene AUTS2 to a specific symptom for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jixiao Zeng
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Deli Zhu
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Huimin Xia
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Hirschsprung disease - integrating basic science and clinical medicine to improve outcomes. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:152-167. [PMID: 29300049 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease is defined by the absence of enteric neurons at the end of the bowel. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the intrinsic nervous system of the bowel and regulates most aspects of bowel function. When the ENS is missing, there are no neurally mediated propulsive motility patterns, and the bowel remains contracted, causing functional obstruction. Symptoms of Hirschsprung disease include constipation, vomiting, abdominal distension and growth failure. Untreated disease usually causes death in childhood because bloodstream bacterial infections occur in the context of bowel inflammation (enterocolitis) or bowel perforation. Current treatment is surgical resection of the bowel to remove or bypass regions where the ENS is missing, but many children have problems after surgery. Although the anatomy of Hirschsprung disease is simple, many clinical features remain enigmatic, and diagnosis and management remain challenging. For example, the age of presentation and the type of symptoms that occur vary dramatically among patients, even though every affected child has missing neurons in the distal bowel at birth. In this Review, basic science discoveries are linked to clinical manifestations of Hirschsprung disease, including partial penetrance, enterocolitis and genetics. Insights into disease mechanisms that might lead to new prevention, diagnostic and treatment strategies are described.
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Zhang Z, Li Q, Diao M, Liu N, Cheng W, Xiao P, Zou J, Su L, Yu K, Wu J, Li L, Jiang Q. Sporadic Hirschsprung Disease: Mutational Spectrum and Novel Candidate Genes Revealed by Next-generation Sequencing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14796. [PMID: 29093530 PMCID: PMC5666020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a common cause of functional colonic obstruction in children. The currently available genetic testing is often inadequate as it mainly focuses on RET and several other genes, accounting for only 15–20% of cases. To identify novel, potentially pathogenic variants, we isolated a panel of genes from a whole-exome sequencing study and from the published mouse aganglionosis phenotypes, enteric nervous system development, and a literature review. The coding exons of 172 genes were analyzed in 83 sporadic patients using next-generation sequencing. Rare stop-gain, splice-site variants, frameshift and in-frame insertions/deletions and non-synonymous variants (conserved and predicted to be deleterious) were prioritized as the most promising variants to have an effect on HSCR and subjected to burden analysis. GeneMANIA interaction database was used to identify protein–protein interaction-based networks. In addition, 6 genes (PTPN13, PHKB, AGL, ZFHX3, LAMA1, and AP3B2) were prioritized for follow-up studies: both their time-space expression patterns in mouse and human colon showed that they are good candidates for predicting pathogenicity. The results of this study broaden the mutational spectrum of HSCR candidate genes, and they provide an insight into the relative contributions of individual genes to this highly heterogeneous disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Diao
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Na Liu
- MyGenostics Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Beijing United Family Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jizhen Zou
- Department of Pathology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Su
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical College of PLA Affiliated Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kaihui Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Preclinical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Wu
- MyGenostics Inc, Beijing, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
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Kapoor A, Auer DR, Lee D, Chatterjee S, Chakravarti A. Testing the Ret and Sema3d genetic interaction in mouse enteric nervous system development. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1811-1820. [PMID: 28334784 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For most multigenic disorders, clinical manifestation (penetrance) and presentation (expressivity) are likely to be an outcome of genetic interaction between multiple susceptibility genes. Here, using gene knockouts in mice, we evaluated genetic interaction between loss of Ret and loss of Sema3d, two Hirschsprung disease susceptibility genes. We intercrossed Ret and Sema3d double null heterozygotes to generate mice with the nine possible genotypes and assessed survival by counting various genotypes, myenteric plexus presence by acetylcholinesterase staining and embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) intestine transcriptome by RNA-sequencing. Survival rates of Ret wild-type, null heterozygote and null homozygote mice at E12.5, birth and weaning were not influenced by the genotypes at Sema3d locus and vice versa. Loss of myenteric plexus was observed only in all Ret null homozygotes, irrespective of the genotypes at Sema3d locus, and Sema3d null heterozygote and homozygote mice had normal intestinal innervation. As compared with wild-type mice intestinal gene expression, loss of Ret in null homozygotes led to differential expression of ∼300 genes, whereas loss of Sema3d in null homozygotes had no major consequence and there was no evidence supporting major interaction between the two genes influencing intestine transcriptome. Overall, given the null alleles and phenotypic assays used, we did not find evidence for genetic interaction between Ret and Sema3d affecting survival, presence of myenteric plexus or intestine transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kapoor
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dallas R Auer
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dongwon Lee
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sumantra Chatterjee
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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40
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Effects of NRG1 Polymorphisms on Hirschsprung's Disease Susceptibility: A Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9913. [PMID: 28855726 PMCID: PMC5577043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial resources have been devoted to evaluate the relationship between NRG1 variants rs7835688 and rs16879552 and Hirschsprung’s Disease (HSCR) but no consistency exists. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between the two SNPs and HSCR. PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese Biological Medicine databases were searched for studies potentially eligible up to March, 2017. The summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated from different genetic models. Nine case-control studies (8 for both and 1 for rs16879552 only) involving 1984 HSCR patients and 4220 controls were identified. The combined results showed a significant association between HSCR risk and rs7835688 in all genetic models (per-allele model: OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.35–2.05; P = 1.940E-06). Rs16879552 was significantly associated with HSCR in per-allele (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.27–1.76; P = 1.087E-06), additive and recessive model, except for dominant model. Stratified analysis by ethnicity showed that rs7835688 and rs16879552 were only causative for Asians, but not risk locus for Caucasians. Furthermore, pooled data based on segment length indicated that individuals with rs7835688 experienced a significantly higher risk for short-segment HSCR in all genotypes; but rs16879552 was only found to be associated with long-segment HSCR/ total colonic aganglionosis at the allele level.
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Pu J, Tang S, Tong Q, Wang G, Jia H, Jia Q, Li K, Li D, Yang D, Yang J, Li H, Li S, Mei H. Neuregulin 1 is involved in enteric nervous system development in zebrafish. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:1182-1187. [PMID: 28190554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's disease (HD, also known as congenital colon aganglionosis) is a congenital disorder characterized by the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the distal gastrointestinal tract, which results in tonic contraction of the aganglionic gut segment and functional intestinal obstruction. Recent studies have indicated neuregulin 1 (NRG1) as a new candidate gene involved in the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in humans. METHODS In our study, we investigated the role of NRG1 in zebrafish ENS development by assessing NRG1 expression patterns during ENS development. Knockdown, overexpression and rescue zebrafish models of NRG1 were created to evaluate differences in phenotype, numbers of enteric neurons, ENS-related factors and nerve fiber arrangements. RESULTS NRG1 was expressed in zebrafish intestine at both the larval and adult stage. We also found that decreased expression of NRG1 resulted in reductions in enteric neuron number and decreased expression of ENS development markers. Moreover, NRG1-knockdown zebrafish exhibited a disordered arrangement of nerve fibers. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results demonstrated that NRG1 expression might play a role in zebrafish ENS development. In addition, by modulating NRG1 expression, we created a model that may be useful for investigating the mechanism underlying HD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Pu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Shaotao Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointetinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Haibo Jia
- Department of Biology Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiong Jia
- Department of Biology Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Gastrointetinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hong Mei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Abstract
Gene expression changes, the driving forces for cellular diversity in multicellular organisms, are regulated by a diverse set of gene regulatory elements that direct transcription in specific cells. Mutations in these elements, ranging from chromosomal aberrations to single-nucleotide polymorphisms, are a major cause of human disease. However, we currently have a very limited understanding of how regulatory element genotypes lead to specific phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the various methods of regulatory element identification, the different types of mutations they harbor, and their impact on human disease. We highlight how these variations can affect transcription of multiple genes in gene regulatory networks. In addition, we describe how novel technologies, such as massively parallel reporter assays and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, are beginning to provide a better understanding of the functional roles that these elements have and how their alteration can lead to specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumantra Chatterjee
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158;
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Yang D, Yang J, Li S, Jiang M, Cao G, Yang L, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Li K, Tang ST. Effects of RET, NRG1 and NRG3 Polymorphisms in a Chinese Population with Hirschsprung Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43222. [PMID: 28256518 PMCID: PMC5335705 DOI: 10.1038/srep43222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The RET proto-oncogene was identified as a major locus involved in Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) and whole exome sequencing identified NRG1 and NRG3 as additional HSCR susceptibility loci. We investigated the effects of RET (rs2506030 and rs2435357), NRG1 (rs2439302, rs16879552 and rs7835688) and NRG3 (rs10748842, rs10883866 and rs6584400) polymorphisms in a Chinese population with HSCR. We assessed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RET, NRG1 and NRG3 genes in a cohort of 362 sporadic HSCR patients and 1,448 normal controls using a TaqMan genotyping assay. Significant associations were found between HSCR risk and rs2506030, rs2435357, rs2439302 and rs7835688 (odds ratio [OR] 1.64, P = 1.72E-06; 2.97, P = 5.15E-33; 1.84, P = 9.36E-11; and 1.93, P = 1.88E-12, respectively). Two locus analyses of SNPs indicated increased disease risks of HSCR between NRG1 rs2439302 and RET rs2435357 or rs2506030. RET rs2506030 (GG genotype) and rs2435357 (TT genotype), in combination with NRG1 rs2439302 (GG genotype), were strongly associated with the highest risk of HSCR (OR = 56.53, P = 4.50E-07) compared with the two loci or a single SNP of either RET or NRG1. Our results support the association between genetic variation of RET and NRG1 and susceptibility to HSCR in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guoqing Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shao-Tao Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Cumulative Risk Impact of RET, SEMA3, and NRG1 Polymorphisms Associated With Hirschsprung Disease in Han Chinese. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64:385-390. [PMID: 27203398 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital aganglionosis of myenteric and submucosal plexuses affecting a variable length of the intestine. The incidence of HSCR is approximately 1 of 5000 live births; however, the risk shows remarkable individual variation caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the RET, SEMA3, and NRG1 loci. The present study investigated the effects of these variants on the disease development and phenotype in a Chinese population. METHODS In total, 6 SNPs were genotyped in a cohort consisting of 115 patients with HSCR and 117 unaffected controls using a TaqMan genotyping assay. Histological identification of the affected-segment length (short, long, or total colonic aganglionosis) was performed for all of the samples before DNA extraction. RESULTS Significant genetic risk was imparted by rs2435357 and rs2506030 at RET and by rs12707682 at SEMA3. In addition, the average cumulative risk score in the patients with HSCR was significantly higher than that in the controls. Through the assessment of risk alleles by effect size, individuals were classified into 3 weighted risk score groups: low (≤3), medium (4), and high (≥5). Individuals in the high group were significantly more susceptible to HSCR than those in the low group with an odds ratio of 7.7 (95% confidence interval 3.7-16.3). CONCLUSIONS Cumulative genetic risk varied >35-fold between newborns with zero and >5 accumulated susceptibility alleles. The SNPs rs2435357, rs2506030, and rs12707682 may be useful for stratifying the Chinese population into distinct risk groups.
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Moore SW. Genetic impact on the treatment & management of Hirschsprung disease. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:218-222. [PMID: 28003043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) as a genetic condition has been a major step forward in understanding the development of the enteric nervous system and conditions arising from ganglion cell maldevelopment. METHOD A study of the role of genetics in HD was carried out based on previously published findings from more than 400 cases of HD. RESULTS There are at least 7 pertinent clinical questions related to HD which were further investigated. These included: diagnosis, familial recurrence, long segment and total colonic aganglionosis, syndromic associations, the question of HD-associated enterocolitis, potential causes of postoperative obstructive symptoms after successful surgery, and the apparent low prevalence in premature infants. This review aimed at evaluating the most important concepts of where we have got to in our understanding of where genetic solutions/directions to these clinical problems might lie. Possible genetic reasons for the low prevalence in premature infants was also considered and the possible plasticity of the ENS at that stage as a potential "door of hope" in the future management of HD. CONCLUSION The study of genetics has made a massive contribution to the understanding and management of HD. It opens a "door of hope" to the future management of the condition. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam W Moore
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, University of Stellenbosch, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Gunadi, Makhmudi A, Agustriani N, Rochadi. Effects of SEMA3 polymorphisms in Hirschsprung disease patients. Pediatr Surg Int 2016; 32:1025-1028. [PMID: 27469503 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-016-3953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, genetic markers within a locus on 7q21.11 containing the SEMA3A, SEMA3C, and SEMA3D genes were reported to be associated with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). Here, we investigated three polymorphisms, rs1583147, rs12707682, and rs11766001, at this locus to determine their potential contributions to the susceptibility of Indonesian HSCR patients. METHODS Three variants were analyzed in 60 non-syndromic HSCR patients and 118 ethnicity-matched controls for association studies by genotyping. RESULTS The risk allele frequencies of SEMA3 rs12707682 (allele C) and rs1583147 (allele T) is higher in cases, 53 and 23 %, than in controls, at 42 and 13 %, respectively. However, these frequency differences were not statistically significant with p value of 0.06 and 0.023, respectively. These findings were consistent with transmission disequilibrium test results with p values of 0.041 and 0.11 for rs12707682 and rs1583147, respectively. Furthermore, the frequencies of SEMA3 rs11766001 risk allele in HSCR cases and controls were 1.7 and 0.8 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS SEMA3 rs12707682 and rs1583147 variants are not common risk factors for HSCR in Indonesia. The rarity of the SEMA3 rs11766001 polymorphism in Indonesian population might be due to a founder effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Akhmad Makhmudi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nunik Agustriani
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rochadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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Chatterjee S, Kapoor A, Akiyama JA, Auer DR, Lee D, Gabriel S, Berrios C, Pennacchio LA, Chakravarti A. Enhancer Variants Synergistically Drive Dysfunction of a Gene Regulatory Network In Hirschsprung Disease. Cell 2016; 167:355-368.e10. [PMID: 27693352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Common sequence variants in cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are suspected etiological causes of complex disorders. We previously identified an intronic enhancer variant in the RET gene disrupting SOX10 binding and increasing Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) risk 4-fold. We now show that two other functionally independent CRE variants, one binding Gata2 and the other binding Rarb, also reduce Ret expression and increase risk 2- and 1.7-fold. By studying human and mouse fetal gut tissues and cell lines, we demonstrate that reduced RET expression propagates throughout its gene regulatory network, exerting effects on both its positive and negative feedback components. We also provide evidence that the presence of a combination of CRE variants synergistically reduces RET expression and its effects throughout the GRN. These studies show how the effects of functionally independent non-coding variants in a coordinated gene regulatory network amplify their individually small effects, providing a model for complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumantra Chatterjee
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ashish Kapoor
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer A Akiyama
- Genomics Division, MS 84-171, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dallas R Auer
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Courtney Berrios
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Len A Pennacchio
- Genomics Division, MS 84-171, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Su L, Zhang Z, Gan L, Jiang Q, Xiao P, Zou J, Li Q, Jiang H. Deregulation of the planar cell polarity genes CELSR3 and FZD3 in Hirschsprung disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:241-248. [PMID: 27619161 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder characterized by the absence of intrinsic ganglion cells in the lower intestine. Genetic factors in the pathogenesis of this disease are under active investigation. As core genes in the planar cell polarity pathway, Celsr3 and Fzd3 are believed to play vital roles in the development of the murine enteric nervous system. The potential association of CELSR3 and FZD3 with the development of HSCR in humans, however, is still unknown. We determined the genotypes of eight CELSR3 and FZD3 polymorphisms in 113 patients. Furthermore, target gene sequencing was used to search for rare mutations in the planar cell polarity genes. The mRNA and protein expression of CELSR3 and FZD3 were explored in patients with HSCR. Class III β-tubulin in colon tissue samples was examined to elucidate enteric innervation patterns. We observed a significant association between the FZD3 rs17059206 polymorphism and HSCR susceptibility (p<0.001). In addition, five rare mutations in CELSR3 were identified in six patients with HSCR. Upregulation of CELSR3 mRNA expression was detected in 80% of aganglionic segments; a similar increase was found for FZD3 protein expression in 81.8% of aganglionic tissues, compared with the ganglionic segments. Immunohistochemical staining on tissue sections revealed obvious excess expression of both molecules in the mucosal layer. The neurite patterns were highly disorganized in the aganglionic bowel segments, with a marked reduction in the prominence of TUJ1 bundles in number, thickness, and length. Our results showed that deregulation of the planar cell polarity genes CELSR3 and FZD3 might disrupt the enteric innervation pattern and consequently contribute to the susceptibility to HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- Reproductive Medicine Center, 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Gan
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jizhen Zou
- Department of Pathology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Gunadi, Dwihantoro A, Iskandar K, Makhmudi A, Rochadi. Accuracy of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for RET rs2435357 genotyping as Hirschsprung risk. J Surg Res 2016; 203:91-4. [PMID: 27338539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the common RET rs2435357 variant has been shown to be strongly related to Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) in the Indonesian population. This association study was conducted in developed areas using high-throughput TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Although the TaqMan method is less time-consuming, it requires a special more expensive PCR machine and a highly skilled analyst. In this study, we analyzed the usefulness of the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for genotyping RET rs2435357 polymorphism in Indonesian HSCR patients given the limitation of resource allocation for more expensive technologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared our previous genotyping results of RET rs2435357 in 53 HSCR patients and 86 controls using the TaqMan PCR assay with the PCR-RFLP technique. Furthermore, we included an additional 40 HSCR patients and 50 controls and subsequently genotyped all subjects using the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS Compared with our previous genotyping data of RET rs2435357 using the TaqMan PCR assay, the PCR-RFLP method indicated 100% concordant results. The overall accuracy of the PCR-RFLP for RET rs2435357 genotyping was 100%. In addition, case-control analysis demonstrated that RET rs2435357 is significantly correlated with HSCR (P = 2.2 × 10(-13)) with an odds ratio of 5.1 (95% confidence interval = 3.2-8.1). The transmission disequilibrium test revealed that risk allele (T) at rs2435357 is significantly overtransmitted to probands at a transmission rate (τ) of 0.87 (P = 1.5 × 10(-6)). CONCLUSIONS The PCR-RFLP method is reliable and affordable for genotyping of RET rs2435357 polymorphism in developing countries. Our results strengthen the proof that the RET rs2435357 variant is a genetic risk for HSCR in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Andi Dwihantoro
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kristy Iskandar
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/UGM Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Akhmad Makhmudi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rochadi
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Coe A, Avansino JR, Kapur RP. Distal Rectal Skip-Segment Hirschsprung Disease and the Potential for False-Negative Diagnosis. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2016; 19:123-31. [PMID: 26372258 DOI: 10.2350/15-08-1686-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In skip-segment Hirschsprung disease (SS-HSCR), an aganglionic segment of bowel, which extends proximally from the distal rectum, is interrupted by a ganglionated "skip segment." Skip segments are usually located far proximal to the rectum where they do not interfere with initial diagnosis, although the possibility of distal SS-HSCR should be considered during interpretation of intraoperative biopsies or patients with atypical postoperative courses. We report 2 cases of SS-HSCR with skip areas in the distal rectum, 1 of which led to a false-negative diagnosis by suction rectal biopsy. These 2 cases of SS-HSCR, along with others in the literature, highlight the point that ganglionic skip segments can confuse clinicians and lead to inadequate bowel resection, diagnostic delay, or a false-negative diagnosis. The pathogenesis of SS-HSCR is discussed in light of recent discoveries regarding transmesenteric migration of vagal neural crest cells and the role of sacral neural crest cells in hindgut neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Coe
- 1 University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Avansino
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raj P Kapur
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
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