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Aneli S, Ceccatelli Berti C, Gilea AI, Birolo G, Mutti G, Pavesi A, Baruffini E, Goffrini P, Capelli C. Functional characterization of archaic-specific variants in mitonuclear genes: insights from comparative analysis in S. cerevisiae. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:1152-1163. [PMID: 38558123 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neanderthal and Denisovan hybridisation with modern humans has generated a non-random genomic distribution of introgressed regions, the result of drift and selection dynamics. Cross-species genomic incompatibility and more efficient removal of slightly deleterious archaic variants have been proposed as selection-based processes involved in the post-hybridisation purge of archaic introgressed regions. Both scenarios require the presence of functionally different alleles across Homo species onto which selection operated differently according to which populations hosted them, but only a few of these variants have been pinpointed so far. In order to identify functionally divergent archaic variants removed in humans, we focused on mitonuclear genes, which are underrepresented in the genomic landscape of archaic humans. We searched for non-synonymous, fixed, archaic-derived variants present in mitonuclear genes, rare or absent in human populations. We then compared the functional impact of archaic and human variants in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Notably, a variant within the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (YARS2) gene exhibited a significant decrease in respiratory activity and a substantial reduction of Cox2 levels, a proxy for mitochondrial protein biosynthesis, coupled with the accumulation of the YARS2 protein precursor and a lower amount of mature enzyme. Our work suggests that this variant is associated with mitochondrial functionality impairment, thus contributing to the purging of archaic introgression in YARS2. While different molecular mechanisms may have impacted other mitonuclear genes, our approach can be extended to the functional screening of mitonuclear genetic variants present across species and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Aneli
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, C.so Galileo Galilei 22, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Camilla Ceccatelli Berti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Alexandru Ionut Gilea
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 5, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mutti
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Department of Life Sciences, Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Department of Mechanisms of Disease, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Angelo Pavesi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Cristian Capelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
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Vargas-Pérez MDLÁ, Devos DP, López-Lluch G. An AlphaFold Structure Analysis of COQ2 as Key a Component of the Coenzyme Q Synthesis Complex. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:496. [PMID: 38671943 PMCID: PMC11047366 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a lipidic compound that is widely distributed in nature, with crucial functions in metabolism, protection against oxidative damage and ferroptosis and other processes. CoQ biosynthesis is a conserved and complex pathway involving several proteins. COQ2 is a member of the UbiA family of transmembrane prenyltransferases that catalyzes the condensation of the head and tail precursors of CoQ, which is a key step in the process, because its product is the first intermediate that will be modified in the head by the next components of the synthesis process. Mutations in this protein have been linked to primary CoQ deficiency in humans, a rare disease predominantly affecting organs with a high energy demand. The reaction catalyzed by COQ2 and its mechanism are still unknown. Here, we aimed at clarifying the COQ2 reaction by exploring possible substrate binding sites using a strategy based on homology, comprising the identification of available ligand-bound homologs with solved structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and their subsequent structural superposition in the AlphaFold predicted model for COQ2. The results highlight some residues located on the central cavity or the matrix loops that may be involved in substrate interaction, some of which are mutated in primary CoQ deficiency patients. Furthermore, we analyze the structural modifications introduced by the pathogenic mutations found in humans. These findings shed new light on the understanding of COQ2's function and, thus, CoQ's biosynthesis and the pathogenicity of primary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de los Ángeles Vargas-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Damien Paul Devos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-UPO-JA, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera km1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
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Lopriore P, Vista M, Tessa A, Giuntini M, Caldarazzo Ienco E, Mancuso M, Siciliano G, Santorelli FM, Orsucci D. Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-Related Ataxias. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2391. [PMID: 38673663 PMCID: PMC11050807 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a neurological syndrome characterized by the imbalance (e.g., truncal ataxia, gait ataxia) and incoordination of limbs while executing a task (dysmetria), caused by the dysfunction of the cerebellum or its connections. It is frequently associated with other signs of cerebellar dysfunction, including abnormal eye movements, dysmetria, kinetic tremor, dysarthria, and/or dysphagia. Among the so-termed mitochondrial ataxias, variants in genes encoding steps of the coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic pathway represent a common cause of autosomal recessive primary coenzyme Q10 deficiencies (PCoQD)s. PCoQD is a potentially treatable condition; therefore, a correct and timely diagnosis is essential. After a brief presentation of the illustrative case of an Italian woman with this condition (due to a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in COQ8A), this article will review ataxias due to PCoQD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piervito Lopriore
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Marco Vista
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
| | - Alessandra Tessa
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.T.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Martina Giuntini
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
| | - Elena Caldarazzo Ienco
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Daniele Orsucci
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
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Pelosi L, Morbiato L, Burgardt A, Tonello F, Bartlett AK, Guerra RM, Ferizhendi KK, Desbats MA, Rascalou B, Marchi M, Vázquez-Fonseca L, Agosto C, Zanotti G, Roger-Margueritat M, Alcázar-Fabra M, García-Corzo L, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Navas P, Brea-Calvo G, Trevisson E, Wendisch VF, Pagliarini DJ, Salviati L, Pierrel F. COQ4 is required for the oxidative decarboxylation of the C1 carbon of coenzyme Q in eukaryotic cells. Mol Cell 2024; 84:981-989.e7. [PMID: 38295803 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox lipid that fulfills critical functions in cellular bioenergetics and homeostasis. CoQ is synthesized by a multi-step pathway that involves several COQ proteins. Two steps of the eukaryotic pathway, the decarboxylation and hydroxylation of position C1, have remained uncharacterized. Here, we provide evidence that these two reactions occur in a single oxidative decarboxylation step catalyzed by COQ4. We demonstrate that COQ4 complements an Escherichia coli strain deficient for C1 decarboxylation and hydroxylation and that COQ4 displays oxidative decarboxylation activity in the non-CoQ producer Corynebacterium glutamicum. Overall, our results substantiate that COQ4 contributes to CoQ biosynthesis, not only via its previously proposed structural role but also via the oxidative decarboxylation of CoQ precursors. These findings fill a major gap in the knowledge of eukaryotic CoQ biosynthesis and shed light on the pathophysiology of human primary CoQ deficiency due to COQ4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Pelosi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Morbiato
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Arthur Burgardt
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Abigail K Bartlett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel M Guerra
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Bérengère Rascalou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Marchi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Luis Vázquez-Fonseca
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Agosto
- Pediatric Pain and Palliative Care Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology, and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy; Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy.
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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5
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Sun Z, Gao Z, Xiang M, Feng Y, Wang J, Xu J, Wang Y, Liang J. Comprehensive analysis of lactate-related gene profiles and immune characteristics in lupus nephritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1329009. [PMID: 38455045 PMCID: PMC10917958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1329009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The most frequent cause of kidney damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is lupus nephritis (LN), which is also a significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Lactate metabolism and protein lactylation might be related to the development of LN. However, there is still a lack of relative research to prove the hypothesis. Hence, this study was conducted to screen the lactate-related biomarkers for LN and analyze the underlying mechanism. Methods To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the training set (GSE32591, GSE127797), we conducted a differential expression analysis (LN samples versus normal samples). Then, module genes were mined using WGCNA concerning LN. The overlapping of DEGs, critical module genes, and lactate-related genes (LRGs) was used to create the lactate-related differentially expressed genes (LR-DEGs). By using a machine-learning algorithm, ROC, and expression levels, biomarkers were discovered. We also carried out an immune infiltration study based on biomarkers and GSEA. Results A sum of 1259 DEGs was obtained between LN and normal groups. Then, 3800 module genes in reference to LN were procured. 19 LR-DEGs were screened out by the intersection of DEGs, key module genes, and LRGs. Moreover, 8 pivotal genes were acquired via two machine-learning algorithms. Subsequently, 3 biomarkers related to lactate metabolism were obtained, including COQ2, COQ4, and NDUFV1. And these three biomarkers were enriched in pathways 'antigen processing and presentation' and 'NOD-like receptor signaling pathway'. We found that Macrophages M0 and T cells regulatory (Tregs) were associated with these three biomarkers as well. Conclusion Overall, the results indicated that lactate-related biomarkers COQ2, COQ4, and NDUFV1 were associated with LN, which laid a theoretical foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanyan Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Pelosi L, Morbiato L, Burgardt A, Tonello F, Bartlett AK, Guerra RM, Ferizhendi KK, Desbats MA, Rascalou B, Marchi M, Vázquez-Fonseca L, Agosto C, Zanotti G, Roger-Margueritat M, Alcázar-Fabra M, García-Corzo L, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Navas P, Brea-Calvo G, Trevisson E, Wendisch VF, Pagliarini DJ, Salviati L, Pierrel F. COQ4 is required for the oxidative decarboxylation of the C1 carbon of Coenzyme Q in eukaryotic cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.13.566839. [PMID: 38014142 PMCID: PMC10680789 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox lipid that fulfills critical functions in cellular bioenergetics and homeostasis. CoQ is synthesized by a multi-step pathway that involves several COQ proteins. Two steps of the eukaryotic pathway, the decarboxylation and hydroxylation of position C1, have remained uncharacterized. Here, we provide evidence that these two reactions occur in a single oxidative decarboxylation step catalyzed by COQ4. We demonstrate that COQ4 complements an Escherichia coli strain deficient for C1 decarboxylation and hydroxylation and that COQ4 displays oxidative decarboxylation activity in the non-CoQ producer Corynebacterium glutamicum. Overall, our results substantiate that COQ4 contributes to CoQ biosynthesis, not only via its previously proposed structural role, but also via oxidative decarboxylation of CoQ precursors. These findings fill a major gap in the knowledge of eukaryotic CoQ biosynthesis, and shed new light on the pathophysiology of human primary CoQ deficiency due to COQ4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Pelosi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Morbiato
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Arthur Burgardt
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Abigail K. Bartlett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel M. Guerra
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Bérengère Rascalou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Marchi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Luis Vázquez-Fonseca
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Agosto
- Pediatric Pain and Palliative Care Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Volker F. Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - David J. Pagliarini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
- Lead contact
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
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7
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Tai J, Guerra RM, Rogers SW, Fang Z, Muehlbauer LK, Shishkova E, Overmyer KA, Coon JJ, Pagliarini DJ. Hem25p is required for mitochondrial IPP transport in fungi. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1616-1624. [PMID: 37813972 PMCID: PMC10759932 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is an essential cellular cofactor composed of a redox-active quinone head group and a long hydrophobic polyisoprene tail. How mitochondria access cytosolic isoprenoids for CoQ biosynthesis is a longstanding mystery. Here, via a combination of genetic screening, metabolic tracing and targeted uptake assays, we reveal that Hem25p-a mitochondrial glycine transporter required for haem biosynthesis-doubles as an isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mitochondria lacking Hem25p failed to efficiently incorporate IPP into early CoQ precursors, leading to loss of CoQ and turnover of CoQ biosynthetic proteins. Expression of Hem25p in Escherichia coli enabled robust IPP uptake and incorporation into the CoQ biosynthetic pathway. HEM25 orthologues from diverse fungi, but not from metazoans, were able to rescue hem25∆ CoQ deficiency. Collectively, our work reveals that Hem25p drives the bulk of mitochondrial isoprenoid transport for CoQ biosynthesis in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel M Guerra
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean W Rogers
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zixiang Fang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura K Muehlbauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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Stallworth JY, Blair DR, Slavotinek A, Moore AT, Duncan JL, de Alba Campomanes AG. Retinopathy and optic atrophy in a case of COQ2-related primary coenzyme Q 10 deficiency. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:486-490. [PMID: 36420660 PMCID: PMC10205914 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2141792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a case of primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency in a child manifesting as early-onset renal failure, retinal dystrophy, and optic atrophy leading to progressive vision loss. METHODS Clinical presentation and workup including visual fields, electroretinogram, and optical coherence tomography are presented. Genetic testing was performed. RESULTS An eight-year-old female with nephropathy requiring renal transplantation subsequently developed progressive cone-rod dystrophy and optic atrophy. The patient had negative results on a targeted next-generation sequencing retinal dystrophy panel but whole-exome sequencing revealed two variants in COQ2 (likely biallelic), consistent with a diagnosis of primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency is a rare disorder with variable systemic and ocular findings; there is also genetic heterogeneity. Genetic testing aids in the diagnosis of this condition, and variants in the COQ2 and PDSS1 genes appear to have the strongest association with ocular manifestations. Oral supplementation of coenzyme Q10 may slow progression of disease. This case highlights the utility of whole-exome sequencing in the diagnosis of a rare syndromic form of ocular disease and reports a novel phenotypic association for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R Blair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony T Moore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacque L Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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9
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Li W, Liang L, Liu S, Yi H, Zhou Y. FSP1: a key regulator of ferroptosis. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:753-764. [PMID: 37357101 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) is one of the main regulatory molecules of ferroptosis. FSP1 functions through the FSP1-coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)-NAD(P)H axis and the vitamin K redox cycle. FSP1 is regulated by upstream factors, including transcription factors and noncoding RNA (ncRNA), and is subject to epigenetic modifications, which affect the progress of FSP1-related diseases. FSP1 is closely associated with the poor prognosis of malignant tumors and plays an important role in disease treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of FSP1 in ferroptosis regulation by summarizing regulatory pathways, possible mechanisms involving FSP1, and the relationship between FSP1 and disease prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hong Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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10
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Tai J, Guerra RM, Rogers SW, Fang Z, Muehlbauer LK, Shishkova E, Overmyer KA, Coon JJ, Pagliarini DJ. Hem25p is a mitochondrial IPP transporter. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532620. [PMID: 36993473 PMCID: PMC10055127 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is an essential cellular cofactor comprised of a redox-active quinone head group and a long hydrophobic polyisoprene tail. How mitochondria access cytosolic isoprenoids for CoQ biosynthesis is a longstanding mystery. Here, via a combination of genetic screening, metabolic tracing, and targeted uptake assays, we reveal that Hem25p-a mitochondrial glycine transporter required for heme biosynthesis-doubles as an isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mitochondria lacking Hem25p fail to efficiently incorporate IPP into early CoQ precursors, leading to loss of CoQ and turnover of CoQ biosynthetic proteins. Expression of Hem25p in Escherichia coli enables robust IPP uptake demonstrating that Hem25p is sufficient for IPP transport. Collectively, our work reveals that Hem25p drives the bulk of mitochondrial isoprenoid transport for CoQ biosynthesis in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel M. Guerra
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sean W. Rogers
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zixiang Fang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura K. Muehlbauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Katherine A. Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David J. Pagliarini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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11
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Tseng FS, Foo JQX, Mai AS, Tan EK. The genetic basis of multiple system atrophy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:104. [PMID: 36765380 PMCID: PMC9912584 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a heterogenous, uniformly fatal neurodegenerative ɑ-synucleinopathy. Patients present with varying degrees of dysautonomia, parkinsonism, cerebellar dysfunction, and corticospinal degeneration. The underlying pathophysiology is postulated to arise from aberrant ɑ-synuclein deposition, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Although MSA is regarded as a primarily sporadic disease, there is a possible genetic component that is poorly understood. This review summarizes current literature on genetic risk factors and potential pathogenic genes and loci linked to both sporadic and familial MSA, and underlines the biological mechanisms that support the role of genetics in MSA. We discuss a broad range of genes that have been associated with MSA including genes related to Parkinson's disease (PD), oxidative stress, inflammation, and tandem gene repeat expansions, among several others. Furthermore, we highlight various genetic polymorphisms that modulate MSA risk, including complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, which influence the disease phenotype and have clinical significance in both presentation and prognosis. Deciphering the exact mechanism of how MSA can result from genetic aberrations in both experimental and clinical models will facilitate the identification of novel pathophysiologic clues, and pave the way for translational research into the development of disease-modifying therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shuen Tseng
- grid.163555.10000 0000 9486 5048Division of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel Qi Xuan Foo
- grid.276809.20000 0004 0636 696XDepartment of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aaron Shengting Mai
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 169856, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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12
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Watanabe C, Osaka H, Watanabe M, Miyauchi A, Jimbo EF, Tokuyama T, Uosaki H, Kishita Y, Okazaki Y, Onuki T, Ebihara T, Aizawa K, Murayama K, Ohtake A, Yamagata T. Total and reduced/oxidized forms of coenzyme Q 10 in fibroblasts of patients with mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 34:100951. [PMID: 36632326 PMCID: PMC9826971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is involved in ATP production through electron transfer in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex. CoQ10 receives electrons from respiratory chain complex I and II to become the reduced form, and then transfers electrons at complex III to become the oxidized form. The redox state of CoQ10 has been reported to be a marker of the mitochondrial metabolic state, but to our knowledge, no reports have focused on the individual quantification of reduced and oxidized CoQ10 or the ratio of reduced to total CoQ10 (reduced/total CoQ10) in patients with mitochondrial diseases. We measured reduced and oxidized CoQ10 in skin fibroblasts from 24 mitochondrial disease patients, including 5 primary CoQ10 deficiency patients and 10 respiratory chain complex deficiency patients, and determined the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio. In primary CoQ10 deficiency patients, total CoQ10 levels were significantly decreased, however, the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio was not changed. On the other hand, in mitochondrial disease patients other than primary CoQ10 deficiency patients, total CoQ10 levels did not decrease. However, the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio in patients with respiratory chain complex IV and V deficiency was higher in comparison to those with respiratory chain complex I deficiency. Measurement of CoQ10 in fibroblasts proved useful for the diagnosis of primary CoQ10 deficiency. In addition, the reduced/total CoQ10 ratio may reflect the metabolic status of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Miyauchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eriko F. Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kishita
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Onuki
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ebihara
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Aizawa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Clinical Genomics & Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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13
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Jurkute N, Cancellieri F, Pohl L, Li CHZ, Heaton RA, Reurink J, Bellingham J, Quinodoz M, Yioti G, Stefaniotou M, Weener M, Zuleger T, Haack TB, Stingl K, Hoyng CB, Mahroo OA, Hargreaves I, Raymond FL, Michaelides M, Rivolta C, Kohl S, Roosing S, Webster AR, Arno G. Biallelic variants in coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis pathway genes cause a retinitis pigmentosa phenotype. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:60. [PMID: 36266294 PMCID: PMC9581764 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis pathway defects in inherited retinal dystrophy. Individuals affected by inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) underwent exome or genome sequencing for molecular diagnosis of their condition. Following negative IRD gene panel analysis, patients carrying biallelic variants in CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway genes were identified. Clinical data were collected from the medical records. Haplotypes harbouring the same missense variant were characterised from family genome sequencing (GS) data and direct Sanger sequencing. Candidate splice variants were characterised using Oxford Nanopore Technologies single molecule sequencing. The CoQ10 status of the human plasma was determined in some of the study patients. 13 individuals from 12 unrelated families harboured candidate pathogenic genotypes in the genes: PDSS1, COQ2, COQ4 and COQ5. The PDSS1 variant c.589 A > G was identified in three affected individuals from three unrelated families on a possible ancestral haplotype. Three variants (PDSS1 c.468-25 A > G, PDSS1 c.722-2 A > G, COQ5 c.682-7 T > G) were shown to lead to cryptic splicing. 6 affected individuals were diagnosed with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa and 7 had additional clinical findings. This study provides evidence of CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway gene defects leading to non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa in some cases. Intronic variants outside of the canonical splice-sites represent an important cause of disease. RT-PCR nanopore sequencing is effective in characterising these splice defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neringa Jurkute
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. .,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Francesca Cancellieri
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Pohl
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Catherina H Z Li
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert A Heaton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores, Liverpool, UK
| | - Janine Reurink
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James Bellingham
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Georgia Yioti
- University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | - Theresia Zuleger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katarina Stingl
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Carel B Hoyng
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Omar A Mahroo
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores, Liverpool, UK
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Roosing
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Webster
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gavin Arno
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. .,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK. .,North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
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14
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Effects of CoQ10 Replacement Therapy on the Audiological Characteristics of Pediatric Patients with COQ6 Variants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5250254. [PMID: 36124066 PMCID: PMC9482153 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5250254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency refers to a group of mitochondrial cytopathies caused by genetic defects in CoQ10 biosynthesis. Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency-6 (COQ10D6) is an autosomal recessive disorder attributable to biallelic COQ6 variants; the cardinal phenotypes are steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), which inevitably progresses to kidney failure, and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Here, we describe the phenotypes and genotypes of 12 children with COQ10D6 from 11 unrelated Korean families and quantitatively explore the beneficial effects of CoQ10 replacement therapy on SNHL. A diagnosis of SRNS generally precedes SNHL documentation. COQ10D6 is associated with progressive SNHL. Four causative COQ6 variants were identified in either homozygotes or compound heterozygotes: c.189_191delGAA, c.484C>T, c.686A>C, and c.782C>T. The response rate (no further hearing loss or improvement) was 42.9%; CoQ10 replacement therapy may thus limit and even improve hearing loss. Notably, the audiological benefit appeared to be genotype-specific, suggesting a genotype–phenotype correlation. The results of cochlear implantation were generally favorable, and the effects were sustained over time. Our results thus propose the beneficial effects of CoQ10 replacement therapy on hearing loss. Our work with COQ10D6 patients is a good example of personalized, genetically tailored, audiological rehabilitation of patients with syndromic deafness.
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15
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Drovandi S, Lipska-Ziętkiewicz BS, Ozaltin F, Emma F, Gulhan B, Boyer O, Trautmann A, Ziętkiewicz S, Xu H, Shen Q, Rao J, Riedhammer KM, Heemann U, Hoefele J, Stenton SL, Tsygin AN, Ng KH, Fomina S, Benetti E, Aurelle M, Prikhodina L, Schijvens AM, Tabatabaeifar M, Jankowski M, Baiko S, Mao J, Feng C, Deng F, Rousset-Rouviere C, Stańczyk M, Bałasz-Chmielewska I, Fila M, Durkan AM, Levart TK, Dursun I, Esfandiar N, Haas D, Bjerre A, Anarat A, Benz MR, Talebi S, Hooman N, Ariceta G, Schaefer F. Variation of the clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype associations in Coenzyme Q10 deficiency associated glomerulopathy. Kidney Int 2022; 102:592-603. [PMID: 35483523 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q10 deficiency is a rare mitochondriopathy with a wide spectrum of organ involvement, including steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome mainly associated with disease-causing variants in the genes COQ2, COQ6 or COQ8B. We performed a systematic literature review, PodoNet, MitoNET,and CCGKDD registries queries and an online survey, collecting comprehensive clinical and genetic data of 251 patients spanning 173 published (47 updated) and 78 new cases. Kidney disease was first diagnosed at median age 1.0, 1.2 and 9.8 years in individuals with disease-causing variants in COQ2, COQ6 and COQ8B, respectively. Isolated kidney involvement at diagnosis occurred in 34% of COQ2, 10.8% of COQ6 and 70.7% of COQ8B variant individuals. Classic infantile multiorgan involvement comprised 22% of the COQ2 variant cohort while 47% of them developed neurological symptoms at median age 2.7 years. The association of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and sensorineural hearing loss was confirmed as the distinctive phenotype of COQ6 variants, with hearing impairment manifesting at average age three years. None of the patients with COQ8B variants, but 50% of patients with COQ2 and COQ6 variants progressed to kidney failure by age five. At adult age, kidney survival was equally poor (20-25%) across all disorders. A number of sequence variants, including putative local founder mutations, had divergent clinical presentations, in terms of onset age, kidney and non-kidney manifestations and kidney survival. Milder kidney phenotype was present in those with biallelic truncating variants within the COQ8B variant cohort. Thus, significant intra- and inter-familial phenotype variability was observed, suggesting both genetic and non-genetic modifiers of disease severity.
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16
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Primary coenzyme Q10 nephropathy, a potentially treatable form of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:3515-3527. [PMID: 33479824 PMCID: PMC8295399 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a genetically heterogeneous kidney disease that is the second most frequent cause of kidney failure in the first 2 decades of life. Despite the identification of mutations in more than 39 genes as causing SRNS, and the localization of its pathogenesis to glomerular podocytes, the disease mechanisms of SRNS remain poorly understood and no universally safe and effective therapy exists to treat patients with this condition. Recently, genetic research has identified a subgroup of SRNS patients whose kidney pathology is caused by primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency due to recessive mutations in genes that encode proteins in the CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway. Clinical and preclinical studies show that primary CoQ10 deficiency may be responsive to treatment with CoQ10 supplements bypassing the biosynthesis defects. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, where it transports electrons from complexes I and II to complex III. Studies in yeast and mammalian model systems have recently identified the molecular functions of the individual CoQ10 biosynthesis complex proteins, validated these findings, and provided an impetus for developing therapeutic compounds to replenish CoQ10 levels in the tissues/organs and thus prevent the destruction of tissues due to mitochondrial OXPHOS deficiencies. In this review, we will summarize the clinical findings of the kidney pathophysiology of primary CoQ10 deficiencies and discuss recent advances in the development of therapies to counter CoQ10 deficiency in tissues.
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17
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β-RA Targets Mitochondrial Metabolism and Adipogenesis, Leading to Therapeutic Benefits against CoQ Deficiency and Age-Related Overweight. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101457. [PMID: 34680574 PMCID: PMC8533582 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases are caused by mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear genes, leading to the abnormal function of specific mitochondrial pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also a secondary event in more common pathophysiological conditions, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. In both cases, the improvement and management of mitochondrial homeostasis remain challenging. Here, we show that beta-resorcylic acid (β-RA), which is a natural phenolic compound, competed in vivo with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is the natural precursor of coenzyme Q biosynthesis. This led to a decrease in demethoxyubiquinone, which is an intermediate metabolite of CoQ biosynthesis that is abnormally accumulated in Coq9R239X mice. As a consequence, β-RA rescued the phenotype of Coq9R239X mice, which is a model of primary mitochondrial encephalopathy. Moreover, we observed that long-term treatment with β-RA also reduced the size and content of the white adipose tissue (WAT) that is normally accumulated during aging in wild-type mice, leading to the prevention of hepatic steatosis and an increase in survival at the elderly stage of life. The reduction in WAT content was due to a decrease in adipogenesis, an adaptation of the mitochondrial proteome in the kidneys, and stimulation of glycolysis and acetyl-CoA metabolism. Therefore, our results demonstrate that β-RA acted through different cellular mechanisms, with effects on mitochondrial metabolism; as such, it may be used for the treatment of primary coenzyme Q deficiency, overweight, and hepatic steatosis.
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18
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Cellular Models for Primary CoQ Deficiency Pathogenesis Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910211. [PMID: 34638552 PMCID: PMC8508219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) deficiency includes a heterogeneous group of mitochondrial diseases characterized by low mitochondrial levels of CoQ due to decreased endogenous biosynthesis rate. These diseases respond to CoQ treatment mainly at the early stages of the disease. The advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS) as whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) have increased the discoveries of mutations in either gene already described to participate in CoQ biosynthesis or new genes also involved in this pathway. However, these technologies usually provide many mutations in genes whose pathogenic effect must be validated. To functionally validate the impact of gene variations in the disease’s onset and progression, different cell models are commonly used. We review here the use of yeast strains for functional complementation of human genes, dermal skin fibroblasts from patients as an excellent tool to demonstrate the biochemical and genetic mechanisms of these diseases and the development of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and iPSC-derived organoids for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment approaches.
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19
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Li M, Yue Z, Lin H, Wang H, Chen H, Sun L. COQ2 mutation associated isolated nephropathy in two siblings from a Chinese pedigree. Ren Fail 2021; 43:97-101. [PMID: 33397173 PMCID: PMC7801106 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1864402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is involved in the biosynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and is most abundant in the mitochondrial membrane. The primary CoQ10 deficiency caused by COQ2 defect is mostly manifested as encephalopathy, encephalopathy with nephropathy, and rarely as an isolated nephrotic syndrome. Methods Clinical and pathological data and peripheral blood samples of 2 siblings with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and their family members of a Chinese pedigree were collected. DNA was extracted and subjected to next-generation sequencing of target genes of hereditary nephropathy. Results Compound heterozygous mutations of COQ2 (c.1058A > G, p.Y353C, paternal and c.973A > G, p.T325A, maternal)were identified in both siblings of the pedigree. Mutation of p.Y353C was novel. The proband was a girl, who presented with SRNS at the age of 7 months. CoQ10 was administered after the gene sequencing results came out. Proteinuria decreased gradually to 1+, occasionally negative. The child was normal in growth and intelligence. She is now 4 years old. The second patient was her elder brother. He was found to have SRNS at the age of 2 years old. Renal pathology indicated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Electronic microcopy revealed that a large quantity of mitochondria with normal contour was accumulated within the podocytes. Both patients were in normal intelligence without convulsion. Conclusion The 2 cases harboring COQ2compound heterozygous mutations presented with isolated SRNS, with a renal pathology of FSGS and a large quantity of mitochondria with normal contour accumulated within the podocytes. CoQ10 was efficacy in eliminating proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongrong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huamu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangzhong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Navas P, Cascajo MV, Alcázar-Fabra M, Hernández-Camacho JD, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Rodríguez ABC, Ballesteros-Simarro M, Arroyo-Luque A, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Brea-Calvo G, López-Lluch G, Santos-Ocaña C. Secondary CoQ 10 deficiency, bioenergetics unbalance in disease and aging. Biofactors 2021; 47:551-569. [PMID: 33878238 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) deficiency is a rare disease characterized by a decreased accumulation of CoQ10 in cell membranes. Considering that CoQ10 synthesis and most of its functions are carried out in mitochondria, CoQ10 deficiency cases are usually considered a mitochondrial disease. A relevant feature of CoQ10 deficiency is that it is the only mitochondrial disease with a successful therapy available, the CoQ10 supplementation. Defects in components of the synthesis machinery caused by mutations in COQ genes generate the primary deficiency of CoQ10 . Mutations in genes that are not directly related to the synthesis machinery cause secondary deficiency. Cases of CoQ10 deficiency without genetic origin are also considered a secondary deficiency. Both types of deficiency can lead to similar clinical manifestations, but the knowledge about primary deficiency is deeper than secondary. However, secondary deficiency cases may be underestimated since many of their clinical manifestations are shared with other pathologies. This review shows the current state of secondary CoQ10 deficiency, which could be even more relevant than primary deficiency for clinical activity. The analysis covers the fundamental features of CoQ10 deficiency, which are necessary to understand the biological and clinical differences between primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies. Further, a more in-depth analysis of CoQ10 secondary deficiency was undertaken to consider its origins, introduce a new way of classification, and include aging as a form of secondary deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María V Cascajo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cortés Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Ballesteros-Simarro
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Arroyo-Luque
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Aaseth J, Alexander J, Alehagen U. Coenzyme Q 10 supplementation - In ageing and disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111521. [PMID: 34129891 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It is also an antioxidant in cellular membranes and lipoproteins. All cells produce CoQ10 by a specialized cytoplasmatic-mitochondrial pathway. CoQ10 deficiency can result from genetic failure or ageing. Some drugs including statins, widely used by inter alia elderly, may inhibit endogenous CoQ10 synthesis. There are also chronic diseases with lower levels of CoQ10 in tissues and organs. High doses of CoQ10 may increase both circulating and intracellular levels, but there are conflicting results regarding bioavailability. Here, we review the current knowledge of CoQ10 biosynthesis and primary and acquired CoQ10 deficiency, and results from clinical trials based on CoQ10 supplementation. There are indications that supplementation positively affects mitochondrial deficiency syndrome and some of the symptoms of ageing. Cardiovascular disease and inflammation appear to be alleviated by the antioxidant effect of CoQ10. There is a need for further studies and well-designed clinical trials, with CoQ10 in a formulation of proven bioavailability, involving a greater number of participants undergoing longer treatments in order to assess the benefits of CoQ10 treatment in neurodegenerative disorders, as well as in metabolic syndrome and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, PO Box 104, N-2381, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Se-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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22
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Alcázar-Fabra M, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, Trevisson E, Brea-Calvo G. Primary Coenzyme Q deficiencies: A literature review and online platform of clinical features to uncover genotype-phenotype correlations. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:141-180. [PMID: 33677064 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiencies are clinically heterogeneous conditions and lack clear genotype-phenotype correlations, complicating diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Here we present a compilation of all the symptoms and patients with primary CoQ deficiency described in the literature so far and analyse the most common clinical manifestations associated with pathogenic variants identified in the different COQ genes. In addition, we identified new associations between the age of onset of symptoms and different pathogenic variants, which could help to a better diagnosis and guided treatment. To make these results useable for clinicians, we created an online platform (https://coenzymeQbiology.github.io/clinic-CoQ-deficiency) about clinical manifestations of primary CoQ deficiency that will be periodically updated to incorporate new information published in the literature. Since CoQ primary deficiency is a rare disease, the available data are still limited, but as new patients are added over time, this tool could become a key resource for a more efficient diagnosis of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | | | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, 35128, Italy.
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, 41013, Spain.
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23
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Xing X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang J, Kang J, Quan F, Su J, Zhang Y. Coenzyme Q10 supplement rescues postovulatory oocyte aging by regulating SIRT4 expression. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:190-203. [PMID: 33881976 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210420112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-quality of the oocyte is crucial for embryo development and the success of human assisted reproduction. The postovulatory aged oocytes lose the developmental competence with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is widely distributed in the membranes of cells, and has an important role in the mitochondrial respiration chain, against oxidative stress and modulation of gene expression. OBJECTIVE To investigate the functions and mechanisms of CoQ10 on delaying postovulatory oocyte aging. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR and Immunofluorescence staining were used to determine the expression patterns of the biogenesis genes of CoQ10 in postovulatory aged oocytes compared with fresh oocytes. The mitochondrial function, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and spindle abnormalities were investigated after treatment with 10 μM CoQ10 in aged groups. SIRT4 siRNA or capped RNA was injected into oocytes to investigate the function of SIRT4 on postovulatory oocyte aging and the relationship between CoQ10 and SIRT4. RESULTS Multiple CoQ10 biosynthesis enzymes are insufficient, and supplement of CoQ10 can improve oocyte quality and elevate the development competency of postovulatory aged oocytes. CoQ10 can attenuate the aging-induced abnormalities including mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS accumulation, spindle abnormalities, and apoptosis in postovulatory aged oocytes. Furthermore, SIRT4, which was first found to be up-regulated in postovulatory aged oocytes, decreased following CoQ10 treatment. Finally, knockdown of SIRT4 can rescue aging-induced dysfunction of mitochondria, and the efficiency of CoQ10 rescuing dysfunction of mitochondria can be weakened by SIRT4 overexpression. CONCLUSION Supplement of CoQ10 protects oocytes from postovulatory aging by inhibiting SIRT4increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jian Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianmin Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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24
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Ceccatelli Berti C, di Punzio G, Dallabona C, Baruffini E, Goffrini P, Lodi T, Donnini C. The Power of Yeast in Modelling Human Nuclear Mutations Associated with Mitochondrial Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:300. [PMID: 33672627 PMCID: PMC7924180 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing application of next generation sequencing approaches to the analysis of human exome and whole genome data has enabled the identification of novel variants and new genes involved in mitochondrial diseases. The ability of surviving in the absence of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial genome makes the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae an excellent model system for investigating the role of these new variants in mitochondrial-related conditions and dissecting the molecular mechanisms associated with these diseases. The aim of this review was to highlight the main advantages offered by this model for the study of mitochondrial diseases, from the validation and characterisation of novel mutations to the dissection of the role played by genes in mitochondrial functionality and the discovery of potential therapeutic molecules. The review also provides a summary of the main contributions to the understanding of mitochondrial diseases emerged from the study of this simple eukaryotic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (C.C.B.); (G.d.P.); (C.D.); (E.B.); (P.G.); (T.L.)
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25
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Nardecchia F, De Giorgi A, Palombo F, Fiorini C, De Negri AM, Carelli V, Caporali L, Leuzzi V. Missense PDSS1 mutations in CoenzymeQ10 synthesis cause optic atrophy and sensorineural deafness. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 8:247-251. [PMID: 33285023 PMCID: PMC7818083 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CoenzymeQ10 is one of the main cellular antioxidants and an essential lipid involved in numerous cell reactions, such as energy production and apoptosis modulation. A large number of enzymes are involved in CoQ10 biosynthesis. Mutations in the genes encoding for these enzymes cause a CoQ10 deficiency, characterized by neurological and systemic symptoms. Here we describe two young sisters with sensorineural deafness followed by optic atrophy, due to a novel homozygous pathogenic variant in PDSS1. The visual system seems to be mainly involved when the first steps of CoQ10 synthesis are impaired (PDSS1, PDSS2, and COQ2 deficiency).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nardecchia
- Division of Child Neurology and Infantile Psychiatry, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese De Giorgi
- Division of Child Neurology and Infantile Psychiatry, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Palombo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Fiorini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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26
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Manzar H, Abdulhussein D, Yap TE, Cordeiro MF. Cellular Consequences of Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency in Neurodegeneration of the Retina and Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9299. [PMID: 33291255 PMCID: PMC7730520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a ubiquitous cofactor in the body, operating in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it plays a vital role in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the electron transport chain (ETC). In addition to this, CoQ10 serves as an antioxidant, protecting the cell from oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as maintaining a proton (H+) gradient across lysosome membranes to facilitate the breakdown of cellular waste products. Through the process of ageing, the body becomes deficient in CoQ10, resulting in several systemic manifestations. On a cellular level, one of the consequences of CoQ10 deficiency is apoptosis, which can be visualised in tissues of the central nervous system (CNS). Diseases affecting the retina and brain such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) have shown defects in cellular biochemical reactions attributed to reduced levels of CoQ10. Through further research into the pathogenesis of such conditions, the effects of CoQ10 deficiency can be counteracted through supplementation, early detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Manzar
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research Group, Western Eye Hospital, 153-173 Marylebone Road, Marylebone, London NW1 5QH, UK; (H.M.); (D.A.); (T.E.Y.)
| | - Dalia Abdulhussein
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research Group, Western Eye Hospital, 153-173 Marylebone Road, Marylebone, London NW1 5QH, UK; (H.M.); (D.A.); (T.E.Y.)
| | - Timothy E. Yap
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research Group, Western Eye Hospital, 153-173 Marylebone Road, Marylebone, London NW1 5QH, UK; (H.M.); (D.A.); (T.E.Y.)
| | - M. Francesca Cordeiro
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research Group, Western Eye Hospital, 153-173 Marylebone Road, Marylebone, London NW1 5QH, UK; (H.M.); (D.A.); (T.E.Y.)
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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27
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Schijvens AM, van de Kar NC, Bootsma-Robroeks CM, Cornelissen EA, van den Heuvel LP, Schreuder MF. Mitochondrial Disease and the Kidney With a Special Focus on CoQ 10 Deficiency. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:2146-2159. [PMID: 33305107 PMCID: PMC7710892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytopathies include a heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by impaired oxidative phosphorylation, leading to multi-organ involvement and progressive clinical deterioration. Most mitochondrial cytopathies that cause kidney symptoms are characterized by tubular defects, but glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and cystic diseases have also been described. Mitochondrial cytopathies can result from mitochondrial or nuclear DNA mutations. Early recognition of defects in the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis is important, as patients with primary CoQ10 deficiency may be responsive to treatment with oral CoQ10 supplementation, in contrast to most mitochondrial diseases. A literature search was conducted to investigate kidney involvement in genetic mitochondrial cytopathies and to identify mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations involved in mitochondrial kidney disease. Furthermore, we identified all reported cases to date with a CoQ10 deficiency with glomerular involvement, including 3 patients with variable renal phenotypes in our clinic. To date, 144 patients from 95 families with a primary CoQ10 deficiency and glomerular involvement have been described based on mutations in PDSS1, PDSS2, COQ2, COQ6, and COQ8B/ADCK4. This review provides an overview of kidney involvement in genetic mitochondrial cytopathies with a special focus on CoQ10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Schijvens
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. van de Kar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M. Bootsma-Robroeks
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A. Cornelissen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lambertus P. van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Development and Regeneration,University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel F. Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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28
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Hashemi SS, Zare-Abdollahi D, Bakhshandeh MK, Vafaee A, Abolhasani S, Inanloo Rahatloo K, DanaeeFard F, Farboodi N, Rohani M, Alavi A. Clinical spectrum in multiple families with primary COQ 10 deficiency. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:440-452. [PMID: 33215859 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10/ COQ10 , an essential cofactor in the electron-transport chain is involved in ATP production. Primary COQ10 deficiency is clinically and genetically a heterogeneous group of mitochondrial disorders caused by defects in the COQ10 synthesis pathway. Its mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive and it is characterized by metabolic abnormalities and multisystem involvement including neurological features. Mutations in 10 genes have been identified concerning this group of diseases, so far. Among those, variants of the COQ7 gene are very rare and confined to three patients with Asian ancestry. Here, we present the clinical features and results of whole-exome sequencing (WES) of three Iranian unrelated families affected by primary COQ10 deficiency. Three homozygous variants in COQ2, COQ4, and COQ7 genes were identified. Candidate variants of the COQ2 and COQ4 genes were novel and associated with the cerebellar signs and multisystem involvement, whereas, the known variant in COQ7 was associated with a mild phenotype that was initially diagnosed as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). This variant has already been reported in a Canadian girl with similar presentations that also originated from Iran suggesting both patients may share a common ancestor. Due to extensive heterogeneity in this group of disorders, and overlap with other mitochondrial/neurological disorders, WES may be helpful to distinguish primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency from other similar conditions. Given that some features of primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency may improve with exogenous COQ10 , early diagnosis is very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed S Hashemi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Zare-Abdollahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad K Bakhshandeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Vafaee
- Department of Orthopedics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sona Abolhasani
- Department of Neurology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Fardad DanaeeFard
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Rohani
- Department of Neurology, Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afagh Alavi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Compound heterozygous inheritance of two novel COQ2 variants results in familial coenzyme Q deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:320. [PMID: 33187544 PMCID: PMC7662744 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency is a rare disease that results in diverse and variable clinical manifestations. Nephropathy, myopathy and neurologic involvement are commonly associated, however retinopathy has also been observed with certain pathogenic variants of genes in the coenzyme Q biosynthesis pathway. In this report, we describe a novel presentation of the disease that includes nephropathy and retinopathy without neurological involvement, and which is the result of a compound heterozygous state arising from the inheritance of two recessive potentially pathogenic variants, previously not described. Materials and methods Retrospective report, with complete ophthalmic examination, multimodal imaging, electroretinography, and whole exome sequencing performed on a family with three affected siblings. Results We show that affected individuals in the described family inherited two heterozygous variants of the COQ2 gene, resulting in a frameshift variant in one allele, and a predicted deleterious missense variant in the second allele (c.288dupC,p.(Ala97Argfs*56) and c.376C > G,p.(Arg126Gly) respectively). Electroretinography results were consistent with rod-cone dystrophy in the affected individuals. All affected individuals in the family exhibited the characteristic retinopathy as well as end-stage nephropathy, without evidence of any neurological involvement. Conclusions We identified two novel compound heterozygous variants of the COQ2 gene that result in primary coenzyme Q deficiency. Targeted sequencing of coenzyme Q biosynthetic pathway genes may be useful in diagnosing oculorenal clinical presentations syndromes not explained by more well known syndromes (e.g., Senior-Loken and Bardet-Biedl syndromes).
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30
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Tan JH, Lautens M, Romanelli-Cedrez L, Wang J, Schertzberg MR, Reinl SR, Davis RE, Shepherd JN, Fraser AG, Salinas G. Alternative splicing of coq-2 controls the levels of rhodoquinone in animals. eLife 2020; 9:e56376. [PMID: 32744503 PMCID: PMC7434440 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminths use two benzoquinones as electron carriers in the electron transport chain. In normoxia, they use ubiquinone (UQ), but in anaerobic conditions inside the host, they require rhodoquinone (RQ) and greatly increase RQ levels. We previously showed the switch from UQ to RQ synthesis is driven by a change of substrates by the polyprenyltransferase COQ-2 (Del Borrello et al., 2019; Roberts Buceta et al., 2019); however, the mechanism of substrate selection is not known. Here, we show helminths synthesize two coq-2 splice forms, coq-2a and coq-2e, and the coq-2e-specific exon is only found in species that synthesize RQ. We show that in Caenorhabditis elegans COQ-2e is required for efficient RQ synthesis and survival in cyanide. Importantly, parasites switch from COQ-2a to COQ-2e as they transit into anaerobic environments. We conclude helminths switch from UQ to RQ synthesis principally via changes in the alternative splicing of coq-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- June H Tan
- The Donnelly Centre, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | | | - Laura Romanelli-Cedrez
- Laboratorio de Biología de Gusanos. Unidad Mixta, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República - Institut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Jianbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of TennesseeKnoxvilleUnited States
| | | | - Samantha R Reinl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | - Richard E Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Jennifer N Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga UniversitySpokaneUnited States
| | | | - Gustavo Salinas
- Laboratorio de Biología de Gusanos. Unidad Mixta, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República - Institut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
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31
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Wu X, Wang W, Liu Y, Chen W, Zhao L. A steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in an infant resulting from a consanguineous marriage with COQ2 and ARSB gene mutations: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:165. [PMID: 31660881 PMCID: PMC6816174 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) remains a challenge for paediatricians. SRNS accounts for 10~20% of childhood cases of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Individuals with SRNS overwhelmingly progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). Genetic research is of great significance for diagnosis and treatment. More than 39 recessive or dominant genes have been found to cause human SRNS, including COQ2. COQ2 gene mutations not only cause primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency but also cause SRNS without extrarenal manifestations. The concept of COQ2 nephropathy has been proposed for a long time. Mutations in the COQ2 gene have rarely been reported. Worldwide, only 5 cases involving 4 families have been reported. Case presentation We present the case of a 6-month-old girl with steroid-resistant glomerulopathy due to a COQ2 defect with no additional systemic symptoms. The patient was identified as a homozygote for the c.832 T > C (p. Cys278Arg) missense mutation and a single base homozygous mutation in ARSB gene in c.1213 + 1G > A. The father and mother were heterozygous mutation carriers in both COQ2 and ARSB, and her healthy sister was only a heterozygous mutation carrier in COQ2. In this case, hormone therapy was ineffective, and progressive deterioration of renal function occurred within 1 week after onset, leading to acute renal failure and eventual death. Conclusions We reported a consanguinity married family which had COQ2 and ARSB dual mutant. Kidney diseases caused by COQ2 gene mutations can manifest as SRNS, with poor prognosis. The C. 832 T > c (p.csc 278arg) is a new mutation site. Genetic assessment for children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, especially in infancy, is very important. Families with a clear family history should receive genetic counselling and prenatal examinations, and children without a family phenotype should also receive genetic screening as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, China
| | - Linsheng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, China
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32
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Katzeff JS, Phan K, Purushothuman S, Halliday GM, Kim WS. Cross-examining candidate genes implicated in multiple system atrophy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:117. [PMID: 31340844 PMCID: PMC6651992 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the clinical triad of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia and autonomic failure, impacting on striatonigral, olivopontocerebellar and autonomic systems. At early stage of the disease, the clinical symptoms of MSA can overlap with those of Parkinson's disease (PD). The key pathological hallmark of MSA is the presence of glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI) in oligodendrocytes. GCI comprise insoluble proteinaceous filaments composed chiefly of α-synuclein aggregates, and therefore MSA is regarded as an α-synucleinopathy along with PD and dementia with Lewy bodies. The etiology of MSA is unknown, and the pathogenesis of MSA is still largely speculative. Much data suggests that MSA is a sporadic disease, although some emerging evidence suggests rare genetic variants increase susceptibility. Currently, there is no general consensus on the susceptibility genes as there have been differences due to geographical distribution or ethnicity. Furthermore, many of the reported studies have been conducted on patients that were only clinically diagnosed without pathological verification. The purpose of this review is to bring together available evidence to cross-examine the susceptibility genes and genetic pathomechanisms implicated in MSA. We explore the possible involvement of the SNCA, COQ2, MAPT, GBA1, LRRK2 and C9orf72 genes in MSA pathogenesis, highlight the under-explored areas of MSA genetics, and discuss future directions of research in MSA.
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Vanillic Acid Restores Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis and ATP Production in Human Cells Lacking COQ6. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3904905. [PMID: 31379988 PMCID: PMC6652073 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3904905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a redox-active lipid, is comprised of a quinone group and a polyisoprenoid tail. It is an electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, a cofactor of other mitochondrial dehydrogenases, and an essential antioxidant. CoQ requires a large set of enzymes for its biosynthesis; mutations in genes encoding these proteins cause primary CoQ deficiency, a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases. Patients with CoQ deficiency often respond to oral CoQ10 supplementation. Treatment is however problematic because of the low bioavailability of CoQ10 and the poor tissue delivery. In recent years, bypass therapy using analogues of the precursor of the aromatic ring of CoQ has been proposed as a promising alternative. We have previously shown using a yeast model that vanillic acid (VA) can bypass mutations of COQ6, a monooxygenase required for the hydroxylation of the C5 carbon of the ring. In this work, we have generated a human cell line lacking functional COQ6 using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We show that these cells cannot synthesize CoQ and display severe ATP deficiency. Treatment with VA can recover CoQ biosynthesis and ATP production. Moreover, these cells display increased ROS production, which is only partially corrected by exogenous CoQ, while VA restores ROS to normal levels. Furthermore, we show that these cells accumulate 3-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone, suggesting that in mammals, the decarboxylation and C1 hydroxylation reactions occur before or independently of the C5 hydroxylation. Finally, we show that COQ6 isoform c (transcript NM_182480) does not encode an active enzyme. VA can be produced in the liver by the oxidation of vanillin, a nontoxic compound commonly used as a food additive, and crosses the blood-brain barrier. These characteristics make it a promising compound for the treatment of patients with CoQ deficiency due to COQ6 mutations.
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Cerqua C, Casarin A, Pierrel F, Vazquez Fonseca L, Viola G, Salviati L, Trevisson E. Vitamin K2 cannot substitute Coenzyme Q 10 as electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6553. [PMID: 31024065 PMCID: PMC6484000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiencies are a group of heterogeneous conditions that respond to ubiquinone administration if treated soon after the onset of symptoms. However, this treatment is only partially effective due to its poor bioavailability. We tested whether vitamin K2, which was reported to act as a mitochondrial electron carrier in D. melanogaster, could mimic ubiquinone function in human CoQ10 deficient cell lines, and in yeast carrying mutations in genes required for coenzyme Q6 (CoQ6) biosynthesis. We found that vitamin K2, despite entering into mitochondria, restored neither electron flow in the respiratory chain, nor ATP synthesis. Conversely, coenzyme Q4 (CoQ4), an analog of CoQ10 with a shorter isoprenoid side chain, could efficiently substitute its function. Given its better solubility, CoQ4 could represent an alternative to CoQ10 in patients with both primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cerqua
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Casarin
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Luis Vazquez Fonseca
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Viola
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.,Pediatric Hematooncology Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy. .,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy. .,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.
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35
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Clinical syndromes associated with Coenzyme Q10 deficiency. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:377-398. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q deficiencies represent a group of rare conditions caused by mutations in one of the genes required in its biosynthetic pathway at the enzymatic or regulatory level. The associated clinical manifestations are highly heterogeneous and mainly affect central and peripheral nervous system, kidney, skeletal muscle and heart. Genotype–phenotype correlations are difficult to establish, mainly because of the reduced number of patients and the large variety of symptoms. In addition, mutations in the same COQ gene can cause different clinical pictures. Here, we present an updated and comprehensive review of the clinical manifestations associated with each of the pathogenic variants causing primary CoQ deficiencies.
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36
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Coenzyme Q 10 deficiencies: pathways in yeast and humans. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:361-376. [PMID: 29980630 PMCID: PMC6056717 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone or CoQ) is an essential lipid that plays a role in mitochondrial respiratory electron transport and serves as an important antioxidant. In human and yeast cells, CoQ synthesis derives from aromatic ring precursors and the isoprene biosynthetic pathway. Saccharomyces cerevisiae coq mutants provide a powerful model for our understanding of CoQ biosynthesis. This review focusses on the biosynthesis of CoQ in yeast and the relevance of this model to CoQ biosynthesis in human cells. The COQ1–COQ11 yeast genes are required for efficient biosynthesis of yeast CoQ. Expression of human homologs of yeast COQ1–COQ10 genes restore CoQ biosynthesis in the corresponding yeast coq mutants, indicating profound functional conservation. Thus, yeast provides a simple yet effective model to investigate and define the function and possible pathology of human COQ (yeast or human gene involved in CoQ biosynthesis) gene polymorphisms and mutations. Biosynthesis of CoQ in yeast and human cells depends on high molecular mass multisubunit complexes consisting of several of the COQ gene products, as well as CoQ itself and CoQ intermediates. The CoQ synthome in yeast or Complex Q in human cells, is essential for de novo biosynthesis of CoQ. Although some human CoQ deficiencies respond to dietary supplementation with CoQ, in general the uptake and assimilation of this very hydrophobic lipid is inefficient. Simple natural products may serve as alternate ring precursors in CoQ biosynthesis in both yeast and human cells, and these compounds may act to enhance biosynthesis of CoQ or may bypass certain deficient steps in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway.
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37
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COQ2 nephropathy: a treatable cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:1257-1261. [PMID: 29637272 PMCID: PMC5990461 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-3937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephrotic syndrome can be caused by a subgroup of mitochondrial diseases classified as primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency. Pathogenic COQ2 variants are a cause of primary CoQ10 deficiency and present with phenotypes ranging from isolated nephrotic syndrome to fatal multisystem disease. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT We report three pediatric patients with COQ2 variants presenting with nephrotic syndrome. Two of these patients had normal leukocyte CoQ10 levels prior to treatment. Pathologic findings varied from mesangial sclerosis to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, with all patients having abnormal appearing mitochondria on kidney biopsy. In two of the three patients treated with CoQ10 supplementation, the nephrotic syndrome resolved; and at follow-up, both have normal renal function and stable proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS COQ2 nephropathy should be suspected in patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome, although less common than disease due to mutations in NPHS1, NPHS2, and WT1. The index of suspicion should remain high, and we suggest that providers consider genetic evaluation even in patients with normal leukocyte CoQ10 levels, as levels may be within normal range even with significant clinical disease. Early molecular diagnosis and specific treatment are essential in the management of this severe yet treatable condition.
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38
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Yubero D, Montero R, Santos-Ocaña C, Salviati L, Navas P, Artuch R. Molecular diagnosis of coenzyme Q 10 deficiency: an update. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:491-498. [PMID: 29781757 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1478290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) deficiency syndromes comprise a growing number of genetic disorders. While primary CoQ deficiency syndromes are rare diseases, secondary deficiencies have been related to both genetic and environmental conditions, which are the main causes of biochemical CoQ deficiency. The diagnosis is the essential first step for planning future treatment strategies, as the potential treatability of CoQ deficiency is the most critical issue for the patients. Areas covered: While the quickest and most effective tool to define a CoQ-deficient status is its biochemical determination in biological fluids or tissues, this quantification does not provide a definite diagnosis of a CoQ-deficient status nor insight about the genetic etiology of the disease. The different laboratory tests to check for CoQ deficiency are evaluated in order to choose the best diagnostic pathway for the patient. Expert commentary: New insights are being discovered about the implication of new proteins in the intricate CoQ biosynthetic pathway. These insights reinforce the idea that next generation sequencing diagnostic strategies are the unique alternative in terms of rapid and accurate molecular diagnosis of CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Yubero
- a Department of Genetic and Clinical Biochemistry , Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Raquel Montero
- a Department of Genetic and Clinical Biochemistry , Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- b Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo , Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- c Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Placido Navas
- b Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo , Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- a Department of Genetic and Clinical Biochemistry , Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , Barcelona , Spain
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39
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Hernández-Camacho JD, Bernier M, López-Lluch G, Navas P. Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation in Aging and Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:44. [PMID: 29459830 PMCID: PMC5807419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and an antioxidant in plasma membranes and lipoproteins. It is endogenously produced in all cells by a highly regulated pathway that involves a mitochondrial multiprotein complex. Defects in either the structural and/or regulatory components of CoQ complex or in non-CoQ biosynthetic mitochondrial proteins can result in a decrease in CoQ concentration and/or an increase in oxidative stress. Besides CoQ10 deficiency syndrome and aging, there are chronic diseases in which lower levels of CoQ10 are detected in tissues and organs providing the hypothesis that CoQ10 supplementation could alleviate aging symptoms and/or retard the onset of these diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge of CoQ10 biosynthesis and primary CoQ10 deficiency syndrome, and have collected published results from clinical trials based on CoQ10 supplementation. There is evidence that supplementation positively affects mitochondrial deficiency syndrome and the symptoms of aging based mainly on improvements in bioenergetics. Cardiovascular disease and inflammation are alleviated by the antioxidant effect of CoQ10. There is a need for further studies and clinical trials involving a greater number of participants undergoing longer treatments in order to assess the benefits of CoQ10 treatment in metabolic syndrome and diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, kidney diseases, and human fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
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40
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Vazquez Fonseca L, Doimo M, Calderan C, Desbats MA, Acosta MJ, Cerqua C, Cassina M, Ashraf S, Hildebrandt F, Sartori G, Navas P, Trevisson E, Salviati L. Mutations in COQ8B (ADCK4) found in patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome alter COQ8B function. Hum Mutat 2017; 39:406-414. [PMID: 29194833 PMCID: PMC5838795 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in COQ8B cause steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with variable neurological involvement. In yeast, COQ8 encodes a protein required for coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis, whose precise role is not clear. Humans harbor two paralog genes: COQ8A and COQ8B (previously termed ADCK3 and ADCK4). We have found that COQ8B is a mitochondrial matrix protein peripherally associated with the inner membrane. COQ8B can complement a ΔCOQ8 yeast strain when its mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) is replaced by a yeast MTS. This model was employed to validate COQ8B mutations, and to establish genotype-phenotype correlations. All mutations affected respiratory growth, but there was no correlation between mutation type and the severity of the phenotype. In fact, contrary to the case of COQ2, where residual CoQ biosynthesis correlates with clinical severity, patients harboring hypomorphic COQ8B alleles did not display a different phenotype compared with those with null mutations. These data also suggest that the system is redundant, and that other proteins (probably COQ8A) may partially compensate for the absence of COQ8B. Finally, a COQ8B polymorphism, present in 50% of the European population (NM_024876.3:c.521A > G, p.His174Arg), affects stability of the protein and could represent a risk factor for secondary CoQ deficiencies or for other complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vazquez Fonseca
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, IRP Città della Speranza, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mara Doimo
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, IRP Città della Speranza, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cristina Calderan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, IRP Città della Speranza, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, IRP Città della Speranza, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel J Acosta
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, IRP Città della Speranza, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Cerqua
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, IRP Città della Speranza, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassina
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, IRP Città della Speranza, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Shazia Ashraf
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Geppo Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, IRP Città della Speranza, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, IRP Città della Speranza, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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41
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Estimating the occurrence of primary ubiquinone deficiency by analysis of large-scale sequencing data. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17744. [PMID: 29255295 PMCID: PMC5735152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ubiquinone (UQ) deficiency is an important subset of mitochondrial disease that is caused by mutations in UQ biosynthesis genes. To guide therapeutic efforts we sought to estimate the number of individuals who are born with pathogenic variants likely to cause this disorder. We used the NCBI ClinVar database and literature reviews to identify pathogenic genetic variants that have been shown to cause primary UQ deficiency, and used the gnomAD database of full genome or exome sequences to estimate the frequency of both homozygous and compound heterozygotes within seven genetically-defined populations. We used known population sizes to estimate the number of afflicted individuals in these populations and in the mixed population of the USA. We then performed the same analysis on predicted pathogenic loss-of-function and missense variants that we identified in gnomAD. When including only known pathogenic variants, our analysis predicts 1,665 affected individuals worldwide and 192 in the USA. Adding predicted pathogenic variants, our estimate grows to 123,789 worldwide and 1,462 in the USA. This analysis predicts that there are many undiagnosed cases of primary UQ deficiency, and that a large proportion of these will be in developing regions of the world.
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Campos-Silva C, Reyes-Torres I, Rivera M, Meza-Torres C, Hernández-Camacho JD, Rodríguez-Bies E, Navas P, López-Lluch G. [Regulation of the expression of coenzyme Q-synthesis complex during ageing]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2017; 52:307-312. [PMID: 28736036 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coenzyme Q is an essential component in the activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Its synthesis involves, at least, a complex of ten different proteins. In this study, an attempt is made to determine the evolution of the expression of the genes involved in coenzyme Q synthesis during mouse ageing. MATERIAL AND METHODS The messenger RNA (mRNA) of different organs, such as brain, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle from young (8 months), mature (18 months), and old (24 months) mice was extracted by using Trizol and was then analysed by real time PCR (qPCR) using specific primers for all the known components of the coenzyme Q-synthesis complex (COQ genes). RESULTS Liver showed the highest age-dependent changes in mRNA levels of the different components of Q-synthesis complex, affecting the extent of the variation as well as the significance of the change. In most of the cases, mRNA levels of the different components were higher in mature animals compared to young and old animals. When mRNAs of young and old animals were compared, only minor reductions of mRNA levels were found. Kidney showed a pattern similar to that found in liver as regards the changes in expression, although with lower increases in mature animals than those observed in the liver. Brain and skeletal muscle showed low variations, with muscle being the tissue with less changes, although a pattern similar to that found in liver and kidney was found, with slight increases in mature animals. DISCUSSION The results of this study indicate that ageing is an important factor affecting COQ gene expression, but its effect depends on the organ, and that mature animals show higher levels of mRNA than young and old animals. Taken into consideration the importance of coenzyme Q in cell metabolism and ageing, a more detailed study is needed to understand the gene regulation of the coenzyme Q-synthesis mechanisms during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Campos-Silva
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Iván Reyes-Torres
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Maximiliano Rivera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Catherine Meza-Torres
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez-Bies
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, España.
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Herebian D, Seibt A, Smits SHJ, Rodenburg RJ, Mayatepek E, Distelmaier F. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid restores CoQ 10 biosynthesis in human COQ2 deficiency. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:902-908. [PMID: 29296619 PMCID: PMC5740244 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical phenotypes of human CoQ10‐deficiency caused by COQ2 mutations range from fatal neonatal disease to adult‐onset multisystem atrophy. So far, treatment options for these diseases are unsatisfactory. Here, we demonstrate that supplementation of 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (4‐HBA) fully restores endogenous CoQ10‐biosynthesis in COQ2‐deficient cell lines. This was accompanied by increased protein expression of CoQ10‐biosynthesis‐enzymes as well as a rescue of cell viability during stress conditions. In silico analysis suggested a ligand transportation path for 4‐HBA through the COQ2 protein towards the mitochondrial matrix side. This process is apparently hindered by disease‐causing mutations, which can be overcome by increasing 4‐HBA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children's Hospital Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Mooren str. 540225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Annette Seibt
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children's Hospital Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Mooren str. 540225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Universitäts str. 140225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatrics Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine Radboud UMC, PO Box 91016500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children's Hospital Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Mooren str. 540225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children's Hospital Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Mooren str. 540225 Düsseldorf Germany
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Novel recessive mutations in COQ4 cause severe infantile cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy associated with CoQ 10 deficiency. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2017; 12:23-27. [PMID: 28540186 PMCID: PMC5432661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or ubiquinone is one of the two electron carriers in the mitochondrial respiratory chain which has an essential role in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Defects in CoQ10 synthesis are usually associated with the impaired function of CoQ10-dependent complexes I, II and III. The recessively transmitted CoQ10 deficiency has been associated with a number of phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous groups of disorders manifesting at variable age of onset. The infantile, multisystemic presentation is usually caused by mutations in genes directly involved in CoQ10 biosynthesis. To date, mutations in COQ1 (PDSS1 and PDSS2), COQ2, COQ4, COQ6, COQ7, COQ8A/ADCK3, COQ8B/ADCK4, and COQ9 genes have been identified in patients with primary form of CoQ10 deficiency. Here we report novel mutations in the COQ4 gene, which were identified in an infant with profound mitochondrial disease presenting with perinatal seizures, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and severe muscle CoQ10 deficiency.
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Mitochondrial cytopathies and the kidney. Nephrol Ther 2017; 13 Suppl 1:S23-S28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Gigante M, Diella S, Santangelo L, Trevisson E, Acosta M, Amatruda M, Finzi G, Caridi G, Murer L, Accetturo M, Ranieri E, Ghiggeri G, Giordano M, Grandaliano G, Salviati L, Gesualdo L. Further phenotypic heterogeneity of CoQ10 deficiency associated with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome and novel COQ2
and COQ6
variants. Clin Genet 2017; 92:224-226. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gigante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - S. Diella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - L. Santangelo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
- Unit of Pediatric Nephrology; University Hospital “Policlinico Consorziale - Giovanni XXIII”; Bari Italy
| | - E. Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics; University of Padua and IRP “Città della Speranza”; Padua Italy
| | - M.J. Acosta
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics; University of Padua and IRP “Città della Speranza”; Padua Italy
| | - M. Amatruda
- Units of Nephrology and Pathology Anatomy; “Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi”; Varese Italy
| | - G. Finzi
- Units of Nephrology and Pathology Anatomy; “Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi”; Varese Italy
| | - G. Caridi
- Division of Nephrology; Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Institute; Genoa Italy
| | - L. Murer
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics; Azienda Ospedaliera-University of Padua; Padua Italy
| | - M. Accetturo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation; University “Aldo Moro”; Bari Italy
| | - E. Ranieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - G.M. Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology; Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Institute; Genoa Italy
| | - M. Giordano
- Unit of Pediatric Nephrology; University Hospital “Policlinico Consorziale - Giovanni XXIII”; Bari Italy
| | - G. Grandaliano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - L. Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics; University of Padua and IRP “Città della Speranza”; Padua Italy
| | - L. Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation; University “Aldo Moro”; Bari Italy
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Lee SQE, Tan TS, Kawamukai M, Chen ES. Cellular factories for coenzyme Q 10 production. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:39. [PMID: 28253886 PMCID: PMC5335738 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a benzoquinone present in most organisms, plays an important role in the electron-transport chain, and its deficiency is associated with various neuropathies and muscular disorders. CoQ10 is the only lipid-soluble antioxidant found in humans, and for this, it is gaining popularity in the cosmetic and healthcare industries. To meet the growing demand for CoQ10, there has been considerable interest in ways to enhance its production, the most effective of which remains microbial fermentation. Previous attempts to increase CoQ10 production to an industrial scale have thus far conformed to the strategies used in typical metabolic engineering endeavors. However, the emergence of new tools in the expanding field of synthetic biology has provided a suite of possibilities that extend beyond the traditional modes of metabolic engineering. In this review, we cover the various strategies currently undertaken to upscale CoQ10 production, and discuss some of the potential novel areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Qiu En Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsu Soo Tan
- School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Makoto Kawamukai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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