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Sileo P, Simonin C, Melnyk P, Chartier-Harlin MC, Cotelle P. Crosstalk between the Hippo Pathway and the Wnt Pathway in Huntington's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223631. [PMID: 36429058 PMCID: PMC9688160 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway consists of a cascade of kinases that controls the phosphorylation of the co-activators YAP/TAZ. When unphosphorylated, YAP and TAZ translocate into the nucleus, where they mainly bind to the TEAD transcription factor family and activate genes related to cell proliferation and survival. In this way, the inhibition of the Hippo pathway promotes cell survival, proliferation, and stemness fate. Another pathway can modulate these processes, namely the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that is indeed involved in cellular functions such as proliferation and cell survival, as well as apoptosis, growth, and cell renewal. Wnt signaling can act in a canonical or noncanonical way, depending on whether β-catenin is involved in the process. In this review, we will focus only on the canonical Wnt pathway. It has emerged that YAP/TAZ are components of the β-catenin destruction complex and that there is a close relationship between the Hippo pathway and the canonical Wnt pathway. Furthermore, recent data have shown that both of these pathways may play a role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Thus, this review analyzes the Hippo pathway and the Wnt pathway, their crosstalk, and their involvement in Huntington's disease, as well as in other neurodegenerative disorders. Altogether, these data suggest possible therapeutic approaches targeting key players of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sileo
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Clémence Simonin
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
- Centre de Référence Maladie de Huntington, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence: (M.-C.C.-H.); (P.C.)
| | - Philippe Cotelle
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, F-59000 Lille, France
- ENSCL-Centrale Lille, CS 90108, F-59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Correspondence: (M.-C.C.-H.); (P.C.)
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2
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Piccolo FM, Kastan NR, Haremaki T, Tian Q, Laundos TL, De Santis R, Beaudoin AJ, Carroll TS, Luo JD, Gnedeva K, Etoc F, Hudspeth AJ, Brivanlou AH. Role of YAP in early ectodermal specification and a Huntington's Disease model of human neurulation. eLife 2022; 11:e73075. [PMID: 35451959 PMCID: PMC9033270 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway, a highly conserved signaling cascade that functions as an integrator of molecular signals and biophysical states, ultimately impinges upon the transcription coactivator Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP). Hippo-YAP signaling has been shown to play key roles both at the early embryonic stages of implantation and gastrulation, and later during neurogenesis. To explore YAP's potential role in neurulation, we used self-organizing neuruloids grown from human embryonic stem cells on micropatterned substrates. We identified YAP activation as a key lineage determinant, first between neuronal ectoderm and nonneuronal ectoderm, and later between epidermis and neural crest, indicating that YAP activity can enhance the effect of BMP4 stimulation and therefore affect ectodermal specification at this developmental stage. Because aberrant Hippo-YAP signaling has been implicated in the pathology of Huntington's Disease (HD), we used isogenic mutant neuruloids to explore the relationship between signaling and the disease. We found that HD neuruloids demonstrate ectopic activation of gene targets of YAP and that pharmacological reduction of YAP's transcriptional activity can partially rescue the HD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco M Piccolo
- Laboratory of of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Nathaniel R Kastan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Tomomi Haremaki
- Laboratory of of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Qingyun Tian
- Laboratory of of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Tiago L Laundos
- Laboratory of of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Riccardo De Santis
- Laboratory of of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Andrew J Beaudoin
- Laboratory of of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Thomas S Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ji-Dung Luo
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ksenia Gnedeva
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Fred Etoc
- Laboratory of of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - AJ Hudspeth
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ali H Brivanlou
- Laboratory of of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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3
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Liberelle M, Toulotte F, Renault N, Gelin M, Allemand F, Melnyk P, Guichou JF, Cotelle P. Toward the Design of Ligands Selective for the C-Terminal Domain of TEADs. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5926-5940. [PMID: 35389210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in the control of organ growth, cell proliferation, and stem cell characters. TEADs are the main transcriptional output regulators of the Hippo signaling pathway and bind to YAP and TAZ co-activators. TEAD1-4 are expressed differently, depending on the tissue and developmental level, and can be overexpressed in certain pathologies. TEAD ligands mainly target the internal pocket of the C-terminal domain of TEAD, and the first ligands selective for TEAD1 and TEAD3 have been recently reported. In this paper, we focus on the topographic homology of the TEAD C-terminal domain both externally and in the internal pocket to highlight the possibility of rationally designing ligands selective for one of the TEAD family members. We identified a novel TEAD2-specific pocket and reported its first ligand. Finally, AlphaFold2 models of full-length TEADs suggest TEAD autoregulation and emphasize the importance of the interface 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Liberelle
- INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Florine Toulotte
- INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Renault
- INSERM, CHU Lille, U-1286 - INFINTE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Muriel Gelin
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Allemand
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Guichou
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Cotelle
- INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition Research Center, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,CS 90108, ENSCL-Centrale Lille, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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4
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Varela L, Garcia-Rendueles MER. Oncogenic Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063223. [PMID: 35328644 PMCID: PMC8952192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and neurodegenerative diseases are two of the leading causes of premature death in modern societies. Their incidence continues to increase, and in the near future, it is believed that cancer will kill more than 20 million people per year, and neurodegenerative diseases, due to the aging of the world population, will double their prevalence. The onset and the progression of both diseases are defined by dysregulation of the same molecular signaling pathways. However, whereas in cancer, these alterations lead to cell survival and proliferation, neurodegenerative diseases trigger cell death and apoptosis. The study of the mechanisms underlying these opposite final responses to the same molecular trigger is key to providing a better understanding of the diseases and finding more accurate treatments. Here, we review the ten most common signaling pathways altered in cancer and analyze them in the context of different neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Huntington's (HD) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Varela
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, 310 Cedar St. BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Correspondence: (L.V.); (M.E.R.G.-R.)
| | - Maria E. R. Garcia-Rendueles
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus Excelencia Internacional UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.V.); (M.E.R.G.-R.)
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5
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Mechanosensing and the Hippo Pathway in Microglia: A Potential Link to Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis? Cells 2021; 10:cells10113144. [PMID: 34831369 PMCID: PMC8622675 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of microglia, the inflammatory cells of the central nervous system (CNS), has been linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. How microglia sense the changing brain environment, in order to respond appropriately, is still being elucidated. Microglia are able to sense and respond to the mechanical properties of their microenvironment, and the physical and molecular pathways underlying this mechanosensing/mechanotransduction in microglia have recently been investigated. The Hippo pathway functions through mechanosensing and subsequent protein kinase cascades, and is critical for neuronal development and many other cellular processes. In this review, we examine evidence for the potential involvement of Hippo pathway components specifically in microglia in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. We suggest that the Hippo pathway is worth investigating as a mechanosensing pathway in microglia, and could be one potential therapeutic target pathway for preventing microglial-induced neurodegeneration in AD.
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6
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Chen D, Yu W, Aitken L, Gunn-Moore F. Willin/FRMD6: A Multi-Functional Neuronal Protein Associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113024. [PMID: 34831245 PMCID: PMC8616527 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The FERM domain-containing protein 6 (FRMD6), also known as Willin, is an upstream regulator of Hippo signaling that has recently been shown to modulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics and mechanical phenotype of neuronal cells through ERK signaling. Physiological functions of Willin/FRMD6 in the nervous system include neuronal differentiation, myelination, nerve injury repair, and vesicle exocytosis. The newly established neuronal role of Willin/FRMD6 is of particular interest given the mounting evidence suggesting a role for Willin/FRMD6 in Alzheimer's disease (AD), including a series of genome wide association studies that position Willin/FRMD6 as a novel AD risk gene. Here we describe recent findings regarding the role of Willin/FRMD6 in the nervous system and its actions in cellular perturbations related to the pathogenesis of AD.
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7
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HMGB1 signaling phosphorylates Ku70 and impairs DNA damage repair in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1175. [PMID: 34635772 PMCID: PMC8505418 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is increased in Alzheimer's disease (AD), while the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we employ comprehensive phosphoproteome analysis, and identify abnormal phosphorylation of 70 kDa subunit of Ku antigen (Ku70) at Ser77/78, which prevents Ku70-DNA interaction, in human AD postmortem brains. The abnormal phosphorylation inhibits accumulation of Ku70 to the foci of DNA double strand break (DSB), impairs DNA damage repair and eventually causes transcriptional repression-induced atypical cell death (TRIAD). Cells under TRIAD necrosis reveal senescence phenotypes. Extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, which is released from necrotic or hyper-activated neurons in AD, binds to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) of neighboring neurons, and activates protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) that executes Ku70 phosphorylation at Ser77/78. Administration of human monoclonal anti-HMGB1 antibody to post-symptomatic AD model mice decreases neuronal DSBs, suppresses secondary TRIAD necrosis of neurons, prevents escalation of neurodegeneration, and ameliorates cognitive symptoms. TRIAD shares multiple features with senescence. These results discover the HMGB1-Ku70 axis that accounts for the increase of neuronal DNA damage and secondary enhancement of TRIAD, the cell death phenotype of senescence, in AD.
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8
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Homma H, Tanaka H, Jin M, Jin X, Huang Y, Yoshioka Y, Bertens CJ, Tsumaki K, Kondo K, Shiwaku H, Tagawa K, Akatsu H, Atsuta N, Katsuno M, Furukawa K, Ishiki A, Waragai M, Ohtomo G, Iwata A, Yokota T, Inoue H, Arai H, Sobue G, Sone M, Fujita K, Okazawa H. DNA damage in embryonic neural stem cell determines FTLDs' fate via early-stage neuronal necrosis. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/7/e202101022. [PMID: 34130995 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The early-stage pathologies of frontotemporal lobal degeneration (FTLD) remain largely unknown. In VCPT262A-KI mice carrying VCP gene mutation linked to FTLD, insufficient DNA damage repair in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) activated DNA-PK and CDK1 that disabled MCM3 essential for the G1/S cell cycle transition. Abnormal neural exit produced neurons carrying over unrepaired DNA damage and induced early-stage transcriptional repression-induced atypical cell death (TRIAD) necrosis accompanied by the specific markers pSer46-MARCKS and YAP. In utero gene therapy expressing normal VCP or non-phosphorylated mutant MCM3 rescued DNA damage, neuronal necrosis, cognitive function, and TDP43 aggregation in adult neurons of VCPT262A-KI mice, whereas similar therapy in adulthood was less effective. The similar early-stage neuronal necrosis was detected in PGRNR504X-KI, CHMP2BQ165X-KI, and TDPN267S-KI mice, and blocked by embryonic treatment with AAV-non-phospho-MCM3. Moreover, YAP-dependent necrosis occurred in neurons of human FTLD patients, and consistently pSer46-MARCKS was increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of these patients. Collectively, developmental stress followed by early-stage neuronal necrosis is a potential target for therapeutics and one of the earliest general biomarkers for FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Homma
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikari Tanaka
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meihua Jin
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaocen Jin
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshioka
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Jf Bertens
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kohei Tsumaki
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kanoh Kondo
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shiwaku
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tagawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Atsuta
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Furukawa
- Division of Community Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aiko Ishiki
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaaki Waragai
- Department of Neurology, Higashi Matsudo Municipal Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Gaku Ohtomo
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Drug-Discovery Cellular Basis Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Sone
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kyota Fujita
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan .,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Morphological Heterogeneity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum within Neurons and Its Implications in Neurodegeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050970. [PMID: 33919188 PMCID: PMC8143122 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multipurpose organelle comprising dynamic structural subdomains, such as ER sheets and tubules, serving to maintain protein, calcium, and lipid homeostasis. In neurons, the single ER is compartmentalized with a careful segregation of the structural subdomains in somatic and neurite (axodendritic) regions. The distribution and arrangement of these ER subdomains varies between different neuronal types. Mutations in ER membrane shaping proteins and morphological changes in the ER are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases implying significance of ER morphology in maintaining neuronal integrity. Specific neurons, such as the highly arborized dopaminergic neurons, are prone to stress and neurodegeneration. Differences in morphology and functionality of ER between the neurons may account for their varied sensitivity to stress and neurodegenerative changes. In this review, we explore the neuronal ER and discuss its distinct morphological attributes and specific functions. We hypothesize that morphological heterogeneity of the ER in neurons is an important factor that accounts for their selective susceptibility to neurodegeneration.
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10
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Okazawa H. Intracellular amyloid hypothesis for ultra-early phase pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathology 2021; 41:93-98. [PMID: 33876503 PMCID: PMC8251586 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Using a new marker of necrosis, pSer46‐MARCKS, which was identified by comprehensive phosphoproteome analysis as a phosphoprotein changed before appearance of extracellular amyloid aggregation, we discovered that neuronal necrosis occurs much earlier in Alzheimer's disease pathology than previously expected. The necrosis is induced by intracellular amyloid accumulation that deprives a critical effector molecule, Yes‐associated protein (YAP), in the Hippo signaling pathway that is essential for cell survival, similarly to TRIAD necrosis observed in transcriptional repression and in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease. The initial TRIAD necrosis due to the intracellular amyloid releases HMGB1 into extracellular space and induces cluster of secondary necrosis around the primary necrotic neurons. Finally, the cluster grows into extracellular amyloid plaque. Inhibition of HMGB1 by anti‐HMGB1 antibody prevents expansion of neurodegeneration. Administration even after onset significantly ameliorates the cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease model mice. Our results present a new theory of Alzheimer's disease pathology, which can be referred to as the “intracellular amyloid hypothesis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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LeBlanc L, Ramirez N, Kim J. Context-dependent roles of YAP/TAZ in stem cell fates and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4201-4219. [PMID: 33582842 PMCID: PMC8164607 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hippo effectors YAP and TAZ control cell fate and survival through various mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation of key genes. However, much of this research has been marked by conflicting results, as well as controversy over whether YAP and TAZ are redundant. A substantial portion of the discordance stems from their contradictory roles in stem cell self-renewal vs. differentiation and cancer cell survival vs. apoptosis. In this review, we present an overview of the multiple context-dependent functions of YAP and TAZ in regulating cell fate decisions in stem cells and organoids, as well as their mechanisms of controlling programmed cell death pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy LeBlanc
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Nereida Ramirez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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12
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Gogia N, Chimata AV, Deshpande P, Singh A, Singh A. Hippo signaling: bridging the gap between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:643-652. [PMID: 33063715 PMCID: PMC8067938 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, regulation of organ size requires a balance between cell proliferation, growth and cell death. Dysregulation of these fundamental processes can cause a variety of diseases. Excessive cell proliferation results in cancer whereas excessive cell death results in neurodegenerative disorders. Many signaling pathways known-to-date have a role in growth regulation. Among them, evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway is unique as it controls both cell proliferation and cell death by a variety of mechanisms during organ sculpture and development. Neurodegeneration, a complex process of progressive death of neuronal population, results in fatal disorders with no available cure to date. During normal development, cell death is required for sculpting of an organ. However, aberrant cell death in neuronal cell population can result in neurodegenerative disorders. Hippo pathway has gathered major attention for its role in growth regulation and cancer, however, other functions like its role in neurodegeneration are also emerging rapidly. This review highlights the role of Hippo signaling in cell death and neurodegenerative diseases and provide the information on the chemical inhibitors employed to block Hippo pathway. Understanding Hippo mediated cell death mechanisms will aid in development of reliable and effective therapeutic strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gogia
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Aditi Singh
- Medical Candidate, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Biology; Premedical Program; Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND); The Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH; Center for Genomic Advocacy (TCGA), Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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13
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Jin J, Zhao X, Fu H, Gao Y. The Effects of YAP and Its Related Mechanisms in Central Nervous System Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:595. [PMID: 32676008 PMCID: PMC7333666 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key effector downstream of the Hippo signaling pathway and plays an important role in the development of the physiology and pathology of the central nervous system (CNS), especially regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of YAP in CNS diseases are still puzzling. Here, this review will systematically and comprehensively summarize the biological feature, pathological role, and underlying mechanisms of YAP in normal and pathologic CNS, which aims to provide insights into the potential molecular targets and new therapeutic strategies for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Jin
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huifang Fu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.,Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Forensic Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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14
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Jia M, Xiong Y, Li M, Mao Q. Corosolic Acid Inhibits Cancer Progress Through Inactivating YAP in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Oncol Res 2020; 28:371-383. [PMID: 32220262 PMCID: PMC7851517 DOI: 10.3727/096504020x15853075736554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is critical for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the proapoptotic effects of corosolic acid (CA) treatment, its underlying mechanism is not completely clear. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism of CA in HCC treatment. MTT assay was used to determine the IC50 of CA. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were used to detect the interaction and subcellular localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). In addition, in vivo xenotransplantation was performed to assess the effects of CA, YAP, and MDM2 on tumorigenesis. The IC50 of CA was about 40 μM in different HCC cell lines, and CA decreased YAP expression by reducing its stability and increasing its ubiquitination. CA treatment and MDM2 overexpression significantly decreased the crosstalk between YAP and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD), and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). CA stimulation promoted the translocation of YAP and MDM2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and increased their binding. In addition, CA treatment obviously reduced tumorigenesis, whereas this effect was abolished when cells were transfected with sh-MDM2 or Vector-YAP. The present study uncovered that CA induced cancer progress repression through translocating YAP from the nucleus in HCC, which might provide a new therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jia
- Institute of Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingP.R. China
| | - Yulin Xiong
- Department of Laboratory, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingP.R. China
| | - Maoshi Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingP.R. China
| | - Qing Mao
- Institute of Infectious Diseases of Chinese PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingP.R. China
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15
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Tanaka H, Homma H, Fujita K, Kondo K, Yamada S, Jin X, Waragai M, Ohtomo G, Iwata A, Tagawa K, Atsuta N, Katsuno M, Tomita N, Furukawa K, Saito Y, Saito T, Ichise A, Shibata S, Arai H, Saido T, Sudol M, Muramatsu SI, Okano H, Mufson EJ, Sobue G, Murayama S, Okazawa H. YAP-dependent necrosis occurs in early stages of Alzheimer's disease and regulates mouse model pathology. Nat Commun 2020; 11:507. [PMID: 31980612 PMCID: PMC6981281 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing and characteristics of neuronal death in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain largely unknown. Here we examine AD mouse models with an original marker, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate phosphorylated at serine 46 (pSer46-MARCKS), and reveal an increase of neuronal necrosis during pre-symptomatic phase and a subsequent decrease during symptomatic phase. Postmortem brains of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) rather than symptomatic AD patients reveal a remarkable increase of necrosis. In vivo imaging reveals instability of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in mouse AD models and genome-edited human AD iPS cell-derived neurons. The level of nuclear Yes-associated protein (YAP) is remarkably decreased in such neurons under AD pathology due to the sequestration into cytoplasmic amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates, supporting the feature of YAP-dependent necrosis. Suppression of early-stage neuronal death by AAV-YAPdeltaC reduces the later-stage extracellular Aβ burden and cognitive impairment, suggesting that preclinical/prodromal YAP-dependent neuronal necrosis represents a target for AD therapeutics. The precise mechanisms of neuronal cell death in neurodegeneration are not fully understood. Here the authors show that YAP-mediated neuronal necrosis is increased in pre-symptomatic stages of Alzheimer’s disease and intervention to the necrosis rescues extracellular Aβ aggregation and symptoms in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Tanaka
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidenori Homma
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kyota Fujita
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kanoh Kondo
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamada
- Shino-Test Corporation, 2-29-14, Ohino-dai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0331, Japan
| | - Xiaocen Jin
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masaaki Waragai
- Department of Neurology, Higashi Matsudo Municipal Hospital, Matsudo, Chiba, 270-2222, Japan
| | - Gaku Ohtomo
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tagawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Atsuta
- Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoki Tomita
- Department of Geriatrics & Gerontology, Division of Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Furukawa
- Department of Geriatrics & Gerontology, Division of Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higahsi-machi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ichise
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatrics & Gerontology, Division of Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Marius Sudol
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Li School of Medicine, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Department of Neurology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0496, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Gen Sobue
- Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Brain Bank for Aging Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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16
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Rojek KO, Krzemień J, Doleżyczek H, Boguszewski PM, Kaczmarek L, Konopka W, Rylski M, Jaworski J, Holmgren L, Prószyński TJ. Amot and Yap1 regulate neuronal dendritic tree complexity and locomotor coordination in mice. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000253. [PMID: 31042703 PMCID: PMC6513106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiomotin (Amot)-Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1) complex plays a major role in regulating the inhibition of cell contact, cellular polarity, and cell growth in many cell types. However, the function of Amot and the Hippo pathway transcription coactivator Yap1 in the central nervous system remains unclear. We found that Amot is a critical mediator of dendritic morphogenesis in cultured hippocampal cells and Purkinje cells in the brain. Amot function in developing neurons depends on interactions with Yap1, which is also indispensable for dendrite growth and arborization in vitro. The conditional deletion of Amot and Yap1 in neurons led to a decrease in the complexity of Purkinje cell dendritic trees, abnormal cerebellar morphology, and impairments in motor coordination. Our results indicate that the function of Amot and Yap1 in dendrite growth does not rely on interactions with TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factors or the expression of Hippo pathway-dependent genes. Instead, Amot and Yap1 regulate dendrite development by affecting the phosphorylation of S6 kinase and its target S6 ribosomal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna O. Rojek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Krzemień
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Doleżyczek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł M. Boguszewski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Konopka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Rylski
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz J. Prószyński
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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17
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Cho IK, Yang B, Forest C, Qian L, Chan AWS. Amelioration of Huntington's disease phenotype in astrocytes derived from iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells of Huntington's disease monkeys. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214156. [PMID: 30897183 PMCID: PMC6428250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a devastating monogenic, dominant, hereditary, neurodegenerative disease. HD is caused by the expansion of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene, IT15, resulting in an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) residue in the N-terminus of the HTT protein. HD is characterized by the accumulation of mutant HTT (mHTT) in neural and somatic cells. Progressive brain atrophy occurs initially in the striatum and extends to different brain regions with progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral and motor functions. Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain and play an essential role in neural development and maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). There is increasing evidence supporting the involvement of astrocytes in the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have generated neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of transgenic HD monkeys as a model for studying HD pathogenesis. We have reported that NPCs can be differentiated in vitro into mature neural cells, such as neurons and glial cells, and are an excellent tool to study the pathogenesis of HD. To better understand the role of astrocytes in HD pathogenesis and discover new therapies to treat HD, we have developed an astrocyte differentiation protocol and evaluated the efficacy of RNAi to ameliorate HD phenotypes in astrocytes. The resultant astrocytes expressed canonical astrocyte-specific markers examined by immunostaining and real-time PCR. Flow cytometry (FACS) analysis showed that the majority of the differentiated NPCs (95.7%) were positive for an astrocyte specific marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Functionalities of astrocytes were evaluated by glutamate uptake assay and electrophysiology. Expression of mHTT in differentiated astrocytes induced cytosolic mHTT aggregates and nuclear inclusions, suppressed the expression of SOD2 and PGC1, reduced ability to uptake glutamate, decreased 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) response, and shifted I/V plot measured by electrophysiology, which are consistent with previous reports on HD astrocytes and patient brain samples. However, expression of small-hairpin RNA against HTT (shHD) ameliorated and reversed aforementioned HD phenotypes in astrocytes. This represents a demonstration of a novel non-human primate (NHP) astrocyte model for studying HD pathogenesis and a platform for discovering novel HD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ki Cho
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IKC); (AWSC)
| | - Bo Yang
- Neuroscience Core, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Craig Forest
- Neuroscience Core, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lu Qian
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anthony W. S. Chan
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IKC); (AWSC)
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18
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Jackson TC, Kochanek PM. A New Vision for Therapeutic Hypothermia in the Era of Targeted Temperature Management: A Speculative Synthesis. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2019; 9:13-47. [PMID: 30802174 PMCID: PMC6434603 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2019.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Three decades of animal studies have reproducibly shown that hypothermia is profoundly cerebroprotective during or after a central nervous system (CNS) insult. The success of hypothermia in preclinical acute brain injury has not only fostered continued interest in research on the classic secondary injury mechanisms that are prevented or blunted by hypothermia but has also sparked a surge of new interest in elucidating beneficial signaling molecules that are increased by cooling. Ironically, while research into cold-induced neuroprotection is enjoying newfound interest in chronic neurodegenerative disease, conversely, the scope of the utility of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) across the field of acute brain injury is somewhat controversial and remains to be fully defined. This has led to the era of Targeted Temperature Management, which emphasizes a wider range of temperatures (33–36°C) showing benefit in acute brain injury. In this comprehensive review, we focus on our current understandings of the novel neuroprotective mechanisms activated by TH, and discuss the critical importance of developmental age germane to its clinical efficacy. We review emerging data on four cold stress hormones and three cold shock proteins that have generated new interest in hypothermia in the field of CNS injury, to create a framework for new frontiers in TH research. We make the case that further elucidation of novel cold responsive pathways might lead to major breakthroughs in the treatment of acute brain injury, chronic neurological diseases, and have broad potential implications for medicines of the distant future, including scenarios such as the prevention of adverse effects of long-duration spaceflight, among others. Finally, we introduce several new phrases that readily summarize the essence of the major concepts outlined by this review—namely, Ultramild Hypothermia, the “Responsivity of Cold Stress Pathways,” and “Hypothermia in a Syringe.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis C Jackson
- 1 John G. Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- 1 John G. Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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19
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A Network Pharmacology-Based Approach to Investigate the Novel TCM Formula against Huntington's Disease and Validated by Support Vector Machine Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6020197. [PMID: 30643534 PMCID: PMC6311282 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several pathways are crucial in Huntington's disease (HD). Based on the concept of multitargets, network pharmacology-based analysis was employed to find out related proteins in disease network. The network target method aims to find out related mechanism of efficacy substances in rational design way. Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions would be used for research and development against HD. Virtual screening was performed to obtain drug molecules with high binding capacity from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) database@Taiwan. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were conducted by MLR, SVM, CoMFA, and CoMSIA, constructed to predict the bioactivities of candidates. The compounds with high-dock score were further analyzed compared with control. Traditional Chinese medicine reported in the literature could be the training set provided for constructing novel formula by SVM model. We tried to find a novel formula that can bind well with these targets at the same time, which indicates our design could be highly related to the HD. Additionally, the candidates would validate by a long-term molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, 5 microseconds. Thus, we suggested the herbs Brucea javanica, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Dichroa febrifuga, Erythrophleum guineense, etc. which contained active compounds might be a novel medicine formula toward Huntington's disease.
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20
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Hofer S, Kainz K, Zimmermann A, Bauer MA, Pendl T, Poglitsch M, Madeo F, Carmona-Gutierrez D. Studying Huntington's Disease in Yeast: From Mechanisms to Pharmacological Approaches. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:318. [PMID: 30233317 PMCID: PMC6131589 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive neuronal loss, provoking impaired motor control, cognitive decline, and dementia. So far, HD remains incurable, and available drugs are effective only for symptomatic management. HD is caused by a mutant form of the huntingtin protein, which harbors an elongated polyglutamine domain and is highly prone to aggregation. However, many aspects underlying the cytotoxicity of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) remain elusive, hindering the efficient development of applicable interventions to counteract HD. An important strategy to obtain molecular insights into human disorders in general is the use of eukaryotic model organisms, which are easy to genetically manipulate and display a high degree of conservation regarding disease-relevant cellular processes. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a long-standing and successful history in modeling a plethora of human maladies and has recently emerged as an effective tool to study neurodegenerative disorders, including HD. Here, we summarize some of the most important contributions of yeast to HD research, specifically concerning the elucidation of mechanistic features of mHTT cytotoxicity and the potential of yeast as a platform to screen for pharmacological agents against HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Kainz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Pendl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Poglitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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21
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Mueller KA, Glajch KE, Huizenga MN, Wilson RA, Granucci EJ, Dios AM, Tousley AR, Iuliano M, Weisman E, LaQuaglia MJ, DiFiglia M, Kegel-Gleason K, Vakili K, Sadri-Vakili G. Hippo Signaling Pathway Dysregulation in Human Huntington's Disease Brain and Neuronal Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11355. [PMID: 30054496 PMCID: PMC6063913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is involved in organ size regulation and tumor suppression. Although inhibition of Hippo leads to tumorigenesis, activation of Hippo may play a role in neurodegeneration. Specifically, activation of the upstream regulator, mammalian sterile 20 (STE20)-like kinase 1 (MST1), reduces activity of the transcriptional co-activator Yes-Associated Protein (YAP), thereby mediating oxidative stress-induced neuronal death. Here, we investigated the possible role of this pathway in Huntington's disease (HD) pathogenesis. Our results demonstrate a significant increase in phosphorylated MST1, the active form, in post-mortem HD cortex and in the brains of CAG knock-in HdhQ111/Q111 mice. YAP nuclear localization was also decreased in HD post-mortem cortex and in neuronal stem cells derived from HD patients. Moreover, there was a significant increase in phosphorylated YAP, the inactive form, in HD post-mortem cortex and in HdhQ111/Q111 brain. In addition, YAP was found to interact with huntingtin (Htt) and the chaperone 14-3-3, however this interaction was not altered in the presence of mutant Htt. Lastly, YAP/TEAD interactions and expression of Hippo pathway genes were altered in HD. Together, these results demonstrate that activation of MST1 together with a decrease in nuclear YAP could significantly contribute to transcriptional dysregulation in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaly A Mueller
- NeuroEpigenetics Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129-4404, USA
| | - Kelly E Glajch
- NeuroEpigenetics Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129-4404, USA
| | - Megan N Huizenga
- NeuroEpigenetics Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129-4404, USA
| | - Remi A Wilson
- NeuroEpigenetics Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129-4404, USA
| | - Eric J Granucci
- NeuroEpigenetics Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129-4404, USA
| | - Amanda M Dios
- NeuroEpigenetics Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129-4404, USA
| | - Adelaide R Tousley
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129-4404, USA
| | - Maria Iuliano
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129-4404, USA
| | - Elizabeth Weisman
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129-4404, USA
| | | | - Marian DiFiglia
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129-4404, USA
| | - Kimberly Kegel-Gleason
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129-4404, USA
| | | | - Ghazaleh Sadri-Vakili
- NeuroEpigenetics Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129-4404, USA.
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22
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Gibault F, Sturbaut M, Bailly F, Melnyk P, Cotelle P. Targeting Transcriptional Enhanced Associate Domains (TEADs). J Med Chem 2017; 61:5057-5072. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Gibault
- JPArc, Centre
de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Neurosciences et Cancer, UMR-S-1172,
INSERM, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Manon Sturbaut
- JPArc, Centre
de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Neurosciences et Cancer, UMR-S-1172,
INSERM, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Bailly
- JPArc, Centre
de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Neurosciences et Cancer, UMR-S-1172,
INSERM, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- JPArc, Centre
de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Neurosciences et Cancer, UMR-S-1172,
INSERM, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Cotelle
- JPArc, Centre
de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, Neurosciences et Cancer, UMR-S-1172,
INSERM, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- ENSCL, F-59000 Lille, France
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23
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Fujita K, Mao Y, Uchida S, Chen X, Shiwaku H, Tamura T, Ito H, Watase K, Homma H, Tagawa K, Sudol M, Okazawa H. Developmental YAPdeltaC determines adult pathology in a model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1864. [PMID: 29192206 PMCID: PMC5709507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP and its neuronal isoform YAPdeltaC are implicated in various cellular functions. We found that expression of YAPdeltaC during development, but not adulthood, rescued neurodegeneration phenotypes of mutant ataxin-1 knock-in (Atxn1-KI) mice. YAP/YAPdeltaC interacted with RORα via the second WW domain and served as co-activators of its transcriptional activity. YAP/YAPdeltaC formed a transcriptional complex with RORα on cis-elements of target genes and regulated their expression. Both normal and mutant Atxn1 interacted with YAP/YAPdeltaC, but only mutant Atxn1 depleted YAP/YAPdeltaC from the RORα complex to suppress transcription on short timescales. Over longer periods, mutant Atxn1 also decreased RORα in vivo. Genetic supplementation of YAPdeltaC restored the RORα and YAP/YAPdeltaC levels, recovered YAP/YAPdeltaC in the RORα complex and normalized target gene transcription in Atxn1-KI mice in vivo. Collectively, our data suggest that functional impairment of YAP/YAPdeltaC by mutant Atxn1 during development determines the adult pathology of SCA1 by suppressing RORα-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyota Fujita
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shigenori Uchida
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Xigui Chen
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shiwaku
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Tamura
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ito
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Watase
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidenori Homma
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tagawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Marius Sudol
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Li School of Medicine, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. .,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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24
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Gong W, Zheng J, Liu X, Liu Y, Guo J, Gao Y, Tao W, Chen J, Li Z, Ma J, Xue Y. Knockdown of Long Non-Coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 Restrained Glioma Cells' Malignancy by Activating miR-370/CCNE2 Axis. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:84. [PMID: 28381990 PMCID: PMC5360732 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has highlighted the potential role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in solid tumors. Here, we elucidated the function and possible molecular mechanisms of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in human glioma U87 and U251 cells. Quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that KCNQ1OT1 expression was up-regulated in glioma tissues and cells. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 exerted tumor-suppressive function in glioma cells. Moreover, a binding region was confirmed between KCNQ1OT1 and miR-370 by dual-luciferase assays. qRT-PCR showed that miR-370 was down-regulated in human glioma tissue and cells. In addition, restoration of miR-370 exerted tumor-suppressive function via inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while promoting the apoptosis of human glioma cells. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 decreased the expression level of Cyclin E2 (CCNE2) by binding to miR-370. Further, miR-370 bound to CCNE2 3′UTR region and decreased the expression of CCNE2. These results provided a comprehensive analysis of KCNQ1OT1-miR-370-CCNE2 axis in human glioma cells and might provide a novel strategy for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System DiseaseShenyang, China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System DiseaseShenyang, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System DiseaseShenyang, China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yana Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
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25
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Yamanishi E, Hasegawa K, Fujita K, Ichinose S, Yagishita S, Murata M, Tagawa K, Akashi T, Eishi Y, Okazawa H. A novel form of necrosis, TRIAD, occurs in human Huntington's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:19. [PMID: 28274274 PMCID: PMC5341362 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported transcriptional repression-induced atypical cell death of neuron (TRIAD), a new type of necrosis that is mainly regulated by Hippo pathway signaling and distinct from necroptosis regulated by RIP1/3 pathway. Here, we examined the ultrastructural and biochemical features of neuronal cell death in the brains of human HD patients in parallel with the similar analyses using mutant Htt-knock-in (Htt-KI) mice. LATS1 kinase, the critical regulator and marker of TRIAD, is actually activated in cortical neurons of postmortem human HD and of Htt-KI mouse brains, while apoptosis promoter kinase Plk1 was inactivated in human HD brains. Expression levels of YAP/YAPdeltaC were decreased in cortical neurons of human HD brains. Ultra-structural analyses revealed extreme enlargement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which characterizes TRIAD, in cortical neurons of human HD and those of Htt-KI mice. These biochemical and morphological results support that TRIAD occurs in human and mouse neurons under the HD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Yamanishi
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hasegawa
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1, Sakura-dai, Minami-ku, Yokosuka, 252-0392, Japan
| | - Kyota Fujita
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shizuko Ichinose
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Saburo Yagishita
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1, Sakura-dai, Minami-ku, Yokosuka, 252-0392, Japan
| | - Miho Murata
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashimachi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tagawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Human Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
- Department of Neuropathology, Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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26
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Zhuo B, Jiang D. MEACA: efficient gene-set interpretation of expression data using mixed models.. [DOI: 10.1101/106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCompetitive gene-set analysis, or enrichment analysis, is widely used for functional interpretation of gene expression data. It tests a known category (e.g. pathway) of genes for enriched differential expression signals. Current methods do not properly capture inter-gene correlations and heterogeneity, resulting in mis-calibration and power loss. We propose MEACA, a new gene-set method based on mixed-effects models. MEACA flexibly incorporates unknown heterogeneity and correlations across genes, and does not need time-consuming permutations. Compared to existing methods, MEACA substantially improves type 1 error control and power in widely ranging scenarios. Real data applications demonstrate MEACA’s ability to recover biologically meaningful relationships.
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