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Huang W, Chen ACH, Wei X, Fong SW, Yeung WSB, Lee YL. Uncovering the role of TET2-mediated ENPEP activation in trophoblast cell fate determination. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:270. [PMID: 38886218 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Early trophoblast differentiation is crucial for embryo implantation, placentation and fetal development. Dynamic changes in DNA methylation occur during preimplantation development and are critical for cell fate determination. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Recently, we derived morula-like expanded potential stem cells from human preimplantation embryos (hEPSC-em), providing a valuable tool for studying early trophoblast differentiation. Data analysis on published datasets showed differential expressions of DNA methylation enzymes during early trophoblast differentiation in human embryos and hEPSC-em derived trophoblastic spheroids. We demonstrated downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 3 members (DNMT3s) and upregulation of ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs) during trophoblast differentiation. While DNMT inhibitor promoted trophoblast differentiation, TET inhibitor hindered the process and reduced implantation potential of trophoblastic spheroids. Further integrative analysis identified that glutamyl aminopeptidase (ENPEP), a trophectoderm progenitor marker, was hypomethylated and highly expressed in trophoblast lineages. Concordantly, progressive loss of DNA methylation in ENPEP promoter and increased ENPEP expression were detected in trophoblast differentiation. Knockout of ENPEP in hEPSC-em compromised trophoblast differentiation potency, reduced adhesion and invasion of trophoblastic spheroids, and impeded trophoblastic stem cell (TSC) derivation. Importantly, TET2 was involved in the loss of DNA methylation and activation of ENPEP expression during trophoblast differentiation. TET2-null hEPSC-em failed to produce TSC properly. Collectively, our results illustrated the crucial roles of ENPEP and TET2 in trophoblast fate commitments and the unprecedented TET2-mediated loss of DNA methylation in ENPEP promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Science Park, Sha Tin , Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Andy Chun Hang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Science Park, Sha Tin , Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xujin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sze Wan Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - William Shu Biu Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Science Park, Sha Tin , Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Science Park, Sha Tin , Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Pennarossa G, Arcuri S, Gandolfi F, Brevini TAL. Generation of Artificial Blastoids Combining miR-200-Mediated Reprogramming and Mechanical Cues. Cells 2024; 13:628. [PMID: 38607067 PMCID: PMC11011911 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro-generated blastocyst-like structures are of great importance since they recapitulate specific features or processes of early embryogenesis, thus avoiding ethical concerns as well as increasing scalability and accessibility compared to the use of natural embryos. Here, we combine cell reprogramming and mechanical stimuli to create 3D spherical aggregates that are phenotypically similar to those of natural embryos. Specifically, dermal fibroblasts are reprogrammed, exploiting the miR-200 family property to induce a high plasticity state in somatic cells. Subsequently, miR-200-reprogrammed cells are either driven towards the trophectoderm (TR) lineage using an ad hoc induction protocol or encapsulated into polytetrafluoroethylene micro-bioreactors to maintain and promote pluripotency, generating inner cell mass (ICM)-like spheroids. The obtained TR-like cells and ICM-like spheroids are then co-cultured in the same micro-bioreactor and, subsequently, transferred to microwells to encourage blastoid formation. Notably, the above protocol was applied to fibroblasts obtained from young as well as aged donors, with results that highlighted miR-200's ability to successfully reprogram young and aged cells with comparable blastoid rates, regardless of the donor's cell age. Overall, the approach here described represents a novel strategy for the creation of artificial blastoids to be used in the field of assisted reproduction technologies for the study of peri- and early post-implantation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Pennarossa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sharon Arcuri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tiziana A. L. Brevini
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Center for Stem Cell Research, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Chen ACH, Lee YL, Ruan H, Huang W, Fong SW, Tian S, Lee KC, Wu GM, Tan Y, Wong TCH, Wu J, Zhang W, Cao D, Chow JFC, Liu P, Yeung WSB. Expanded Potential Stem Cells from Human Embryos Have an Open Chromatin Configuration with Enhanced Trophoblast Differentiation Ability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204797. [PMID: 36775869 PMCID: PMC10104645 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human expanded potential stem cells (hEPSC) have been derived from human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Here direct derivation of hEPSC from human pre-implantation embryos is reported. Like the reported hEPSC, the embryo-derived hEPSC (hEPSC-em) exhibit a transcriptome similar to morula, comparable differentiation potency, and high genome editing efficiency. Interestingly, the hEPSC-em show a unique H3 lysine-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) open chromatin conformation; they possess a higher proportion of H3K4me3 bound broad domain (>5 kb) than the reported hEPSC, naive, and primed embryonic stem cells. The open conformation is associated with enhanced trophoblast differentiation potency with increased trophoblast gene expression upon induction of differentiation and success in derivation of trophoblast stem cells with bona fide characteristics. Hippo signaling is specifically enriched in the H3K4me3 broad domains of the hEPSC-. Knockout of the Hippo signaling gene, YAP1 abolishes the ability of the embryo-derived EPSC to form trophoblast stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chun Hang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility RegulationReproductive Medicine CenterThe University of Hong Kong ‐ Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518000China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility RegulationReproductive Medicine CenterThe University of Hong Kong ‐ Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518000China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
| | - Hanzhang Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Sze Wan Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Siyu Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Kai Chuen Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
| | - Genie Minju Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Yongqi Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Timothy Chun Hin Wong
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
| | - Jian Wu
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
| | - Dandan Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility RegulationReproductive Medicine CenterThe University of Hong Kong ‐ Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518000China
| | - Judy Fung Cheung Chow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
- School of Biomedical SciencesLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongStem Cell and Regenerative Medicine ConsortiumHong KongHong Kong
| | - William Shu Biu Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility RegulationReproductive Medicine CenterThe University of Hong Kong ‐ Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518000China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
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Li X, Kodithuwakku SP, Chan RWS, Yeung WSB, Yao Y, Ng EHY, Chiu PCN, Lee CL. Three-dimensional culture models of human endometrium for studying trophoblast-endometrium interaction during implantation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:120. [PMID: 35964080 PMCID: PMC9375428 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During implantation, a symphony of interaction between the trophoblast originated from the trophectoderm of the implanting blastocyst and the endometrium leads to a successful pregnancy. Defective interaction between the trophoblast and endometrium often results in implantation failure, pregnancy loss, and a number of pregnancy complications. Owing to ethical concerns of using in vivo approaches to study human embryo implantation, various in vitro culture models of endometrium were established in the past decade ranging from two-dimensional cell-based to three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM)/tissue-based culture systems. Advanced organoid systems have also been established for recapitulation of different cellular components of the maternal-fetal interface, including the endometrial glandular organoids, trophoblast organoids and blastoids. However, there is no single ideal model to study the whole implantation process leaving more research to be done pursuing the establishment of a comprehensive in vitro model that can recapitulate the biology of trophoblast-endometrium interaction during early pregnancy. This would allow us to have better understanding of the physiological and pathological process of trophoblast-endometrium interaction during implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Suranga P Kodithuwakku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Rachel W S Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanqing Yao
- Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
- Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
- Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Chen X, Fernando SR, Lee YL, Yeung WSB, Ng EHY, Li RHW, Lee KF. High-Throughput In Vitro Screening Identified Nemadipine as a Novel Suppressor of Embryo Implantation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095073. [PMID: 35563464 PMCID: PMC9103851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current contraceptive methods interfere with folliculogenesis, fertilization, and embryo implantation by physical or hormonal approaches. Although hormonal contraceptive pills are effective in regulating egg formation, they are less effective in preventing embryo implantation. To explore the use of non-hormonal compounds that suppress embryo implantation, we established a high-throughput spheroid-endometrial epithelial cell co-culture assay to screen the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC) for compounds that affect trophoblastic spheroid (blastocyst surrogate) attachment onto endometrial epithelial Ishikawa cells. We identified 174 out of 1280 LOPAC that significantly suppressed BeWo spheroid attachment onto endometrial Ishikawa cells. Among the top 20 compounds, we found the one with the lowest cytotoxicity in Ishikawa cells, P11B5, which was later identified as Nemadipine-A. Nemadipine-A at 10 µM also suppressed BeWo spheroid attachment onto endometrial epithelial RL95-2 cells and primary human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) isolated from LH +7/8-day endometrial biopsies. Mice at 1.5 days post coitum (dpc) treated with a transcervical injection of 100 µg/kg Nemadipine-A or 500 µg/kg PRI-724 (control, Wnt-inhibitor), but not 10 µg/kg Nemadipine-A, suppressed embryo implantation compared with controls. The transcript expressions of endometrial receptivity markers, integrin αV (ITGAV) and mucin 1 (MUC1), but not β-catenin (CTNNB1), were significantly decreased at 2.5 dpc in the uterus of treated mice compared with controls. The reduction of embryo implantation by Nemadipine-A was likely mediated through suppressing endometrial receptivity molecules ITGAV and MUC1. Nemadipine-A is a potential novel non-hormonal compound for contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.C.); (S.R.F.); (Y.-L.L.); (W.S.-B.Y.); (E.H.-Y.N.); (R.H.-W.L.)
| | - Sudini Ranshaya Fernando
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.C.); (S.R.F.); (Y.-L.L.); (W.S.-B.Y.); (E.H.-Y.N.); (R.H.-W.L.)
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Yin-Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.C.); (S.R.F.); (Y.-L.L.); (W.S.-B.Y.); (E.H.-Y.N.); (R.H.-W.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - William Shu-Biu Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.C.); (S.R.F.); (Y.-L.L.); (W.S.-B.Y.); (E.H.-Y.N.); (R.H.-W.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ernest Hung-Yu Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.C.); (S.R.F.); (Y.-L.L.); (W.S.-B.Y.); (E.H.-Y.N.); (R.H.-W.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Raymond Hang-Wun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.C.); (S.R.F.); (Y.-L.L.); (W.S.-B.Y.); (E.H.-Y.N.); (R.H.-W.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Kai-Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (X.C.); (S.R.F.); (Y.-L.L.); (W.S.-B.Y.); (E.H.-Y.N.); (R.H.-W.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +852-28161947
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Rawlings TM, Makwana K, Tryfonos M, Lucas ES. Organoids to model the endometrium: implantation and beyond. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 2:R85-R101. [PMID: 35118399 PMCID: PMC8801025 DOI: 10.1530/raf-21-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in assisted reproductive techniques in the 4 decades since the first human birth after in vitro fertilisation, 1–2% of couples experience recurrent implantation failure, and some will never achieve a successful pregnancy even in the absence of a confirmed dysfunction. Furthermore, 1–2% of couples who do conceive, either naturally or with assistance, will experience recurrent early loss of karyotypically normal pregnancies. In both cases, embryo-endometrial interaction is a clear candidate for exploration. The impossibility of studying implantation processes within the human body has necessitated the use of animal models and cell culture approaches. Recent advances in 3-dimensional modelling techniques, namely the advent of organoids, present an exciting opportunity to elucidate the unanswerable within human reproduction. In this review, we will explore the ontogeny of implantation modelling and propose a roadmap to application and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Rawlings
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Komal Makwana
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Maria Tryfonos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Emma S Lucas
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Huang W, Fong SW, Yeung WSB, Lee YL. Human Trophectoderm Spheroid Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2520:181-187. [PMID: 35218527 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of human embryos for studying the early implantation processes and trophoblast is restricted by ethical concerns. The development of models mimicking the peri-implantation embryos is critical for understanding the physiology of human embryos and many pathophysiological disorders including recurrent implantation failure and miscarriage. Three-dimensional (3D) models of trophoblastic spheroids have been successfully derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC). Simultaneous activation of the BMP pathway and blockage of the Activin/Nodal pathway favor the differentiation of hESC into trophoblast. Here we describe a 3D trophectoderm differentiation protocol with the use of BAP (BMP4, A83-01, and PD173074) to generate hESC-derived trophectoderm spheroids (BAP-EB). BAP-EB is highly reproducible and exhibits morphological and transcriptomic similarities to human early blastocysts.
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Main actors behind the endometrial receptivity and successful implantation. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101656. [PMID: 34634636 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation occurs during a short period of time, the implantation window, in the mid-secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. The cross-talk between the endometrium and the embryo, at the stage of blastocyst, is a necessary condition for successful implantation. Till now, no single molecule or receptor has been identified to play an essential role on embryo implantation but a huge number of mediators, including cytokines, lipids, adhesion molecules, growth factors, and others, are reported to support the establishment of pregnancy. Therefore, the aim of this review is not only to describe the different actors involved in the implantation process, but also to try to characterize the relationships between these factors as well as their time-regulated activation. Moreover, the availability of in vitro culture systems to study the interactions between embryo and endometrium as well as the paracrine communication regulated by exosomal vesicles will be investigated, as an innovative approach for a more precise characterization of the interactions between the different molecules involved in this process. The in-depth knowledge of all these complex mechanisms will allow to address the reasons of implantation failure and infertility, thus providing new avenues for promoting the successful establishment of a pregnancy.
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Chen ACH, Peng Q, Fong SW, Lee KC, Yeung WSB, Lee YL. DNA Damage Response and Cell Cycle Regulation in Pluripotent Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101548. [PMID: 34680943 PMCID: PMC8535646 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great promise in cell-based therapy because of their pluripotent property and the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from inner cell mass (ICM) possess unique cell cycle control with shortened G1 phase. In addition, ESCs have high expression of homologous recombination (HR)-related proteins, which repair double-strand breaks (DSBs) through HR or the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. On the other hand, the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forced expression of transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) is accompanied by oxidative stress and DNA damage. The DNA repair mechanism of DSBs is therefore critical in determining the genomic stability and efficiency of iPSCs generation. Maintaining genomic stability in PSCs plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and pluripotency of PSCs. In terms of therapeutic application, genomic stability is the key to reducing the risks of cancer development due to abnormal cell replication. Over the years, we and other groups have identified important regulators of DNA damage response in PSCs, including FOXM1, SIRT1 and PUMA. They function through transcription regulation of downstream targets (P53, CDK1) that are involved in cell cycle regulations. Here, we review the fundamental links between the PSC-specific HR process and DNA damage response, with a focus on the roles of FOXM1 and SIRT1 on maintaining genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chun Hang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (A.C.H.C.); (S.W.F.); (K.C.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518009, China;
| | - Qian Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518009, China;
| | - Sze Wan Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (A.C.H.C.); (S.W.F.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Kai Chuen Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (A.C.H.C.); (S.W.F.); (K.C.L.)
| | - William Shu Biu Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (A.C.H.C.); (S.W.F.); (K.C.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518009, China;
- Correspondence: (W.S.B.Y.); (Y.L.L.)
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (A.C.H.C.); (S.W.F.); (K.C.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518009, China;
- Correspondence: (W.S.B.Y.); (Y.L.L.)
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Stejskalová A, Vankelecom H, Sourouni M, Ho MY, Götte M, Almquist BD. In vitro modelling of the physiological and diseased female reproductive system. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:288-312. [PMID: 33915315 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The maladies affecting the female reproductive tract (FRT) range from infections to endometriosis to carcinomas. In vitro models of the FRT play an increasingly important role in both basic and translational research, since the anatomy and physiology of the FRT of humans and other primates differ significantly from most of the commonly used animal models, including rodents. Using organoid culture to study the FRT has overcome the longstanding hurdle of maintaining epithelial phenotype in culture. Both ECM-derived and engineered materials have proved critical for maintaining a physiological phenotype of FRT cells in vitro by providing the requisite 3D environment, ligands, and architecture. Advanced materials have also enabled the systematic study of factors contributing to the invasive metastatic processes. Meanwhile, microphysiological devices make it possible to incorporate physical signals such as flow and cyclic exposure to hormones. Going forward, advanced materials compatible with hormones and optimised to support FRT-derived cells' long-term growth, will play a key role in addressing the diverse array of FRT pathologies and lead to impactful new treatments that support the improvement of women's health. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The female reproductive system is a crucial component of the female anatomy. In addition to enabling reproduction, it has wide ranging influence on tissues throughout the body via endocrine signalling. This intrinsic role in regulating normal female biology makes it susceptible to a variety of female-specific diseases. However, the complexity and human-specific features of the reproductive system make it challenging to study. This has spurred the development of human-relevant in vitro models for helping to decipher the complex issues that can affect the reproductive system, including endometriosis, infection, and cancer. In this Review, we cover the current state of in vitro models for studying the female reproductive system, and the key role biomaterials play in enabling their development.
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11
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Arcuri S, Pennarossa G, Gandolfi F, Brevini TAL. Generation of Trophoblast-Like Cells From Hypomethylated Porcine Adult Dermal Fibroblasts. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:706106. [PMID: 34350230 PMCID: PMC8326560 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.706106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The first differentiation event in mammalian embryos is the formation of the trophectoderm, which is the progenitor of the outer epithelial components of the placenta, and which supports the fetus during the intrauterine life. However, the epigenetic and paracrine controls at work in trophectoderm differentiation are still to be fully elucidated and the creation of dedicated in vitro models is desirable to increase our understanding. Here we propose a novel approach based on the epigenetic conversion of adult dermal fibroblasts into trophoblast-like cells. The method combines the use of epigenetic erasing with an ad hoc differentiation protocol. Dermal fibroblasts are erased with 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CR) that confers cells a transient high plasticity state. They are then readdressed toward the trophoblast (TR) phenotype, using MEF conditioned medium, supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and inhibitors of the Activin/Nodal and FGF2 signaling pathways in low O2 conditions. The method here described allows the generation of TR-like cells from easily accessible material, such as dermal fibroblasts, that are very simply propagated in vitro. Furthermore, the strategy proposed is free of genetic modifications that make cells prone to instability and transformation. The TR model obtained may also find useful application in order to better characterize embryo implantation mechanisms and developmental disorders based on TR defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Arcuri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Centre for Stem Cell Research, UniStem, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Pennarossa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Centre for Stem Cell Research, UniStem, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy and Centre for Stem Cell Research, UniStem, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana A L Brevini
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Centre for Stem Cell Research, UniStem, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Kim D, Lee SJ, Youn J, Hong H, Eom S, Kim DS. A deep and permeable nanofibrous oval-shaped microwell array for the stable formation of viable and functional spheroids. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34030141 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac044c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential of a nanofibrous (NF) microwell array as a permeable microwell array to improve the viability and functions of spheroids, thanks to the superior permeability to both gases and solutes, there have still been difficulties regarding the stable formation of spheroids in the NF microwell array due to the low aspect ratio (AR) and the large interspacing between microwells. This study proposes a nanofibrous oval-shaped microwell array, named the NOVA microwell array, with both a high AR and a high well density, enabling us to not only collect cells in the microwell with a high cell seeding efficiency, but also to generate multiple viable and functional spheroids in a uniform and stable manner. To realize a deep NOVA microwell array with a high aspect ratio (AR = 0.9) and a high well density (494 wells cm-2), we developed a matched-mold thermoforming process for the fabrication of both size- and AR-controllable NOVA microwell arrays with various interspacing between microwells while maintaining the porous nature of the NF membrane. The human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell spheroids cultured on the deep NOVA microwell array not only had uniform size and shape, with a spheroid circularity of 0.80 ± 0.03 at a cell seeding efficiency of 94.29 ± 9.55%, but also exhibited enhanced viability with a small fraction of dead cells and promoted functionality with increased albumin secretion, compared with the conventional impermeable microwell array. The superior characteristics of the deep NOVA microwell array, i.e. a high AR, a high well density, and a high permeability, pave the way to the production of various viable and functional spheroids and even organoids in a scalable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohui Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Youn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjun Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsu Eom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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13
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Pereira Daoud AM, Popovic M, Dondorp WJ, Trani Bustos M, Bredenoord AL, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, van den Brink SC, Roelen BAJ, de Wert GMWR, Heindryckx B. Modelling human embryogenesis: embryo-like structures spark ethical and policy debate. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 26:779-798. [PMID: 32712668 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying the human peri-implantation period remains hindered by the limited accessibility of the in vivo environment and scarcity of research material. As such, continuing efforts have been directed towards developing embryo-like structures (ELS) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that recapitulate aspects of embryogenesis in vitro. While the creation of such models offers immense potential for studying fundamental processes in both pre- and early post-implantation development, it also proves ethically contentious due to wide-ranging views on the moral and legal reverence due to human embryos. Lack of clarity on how to qualify and regulate research with ELS thus presents a challenge in that it may either limit this new field of research without valid grounds or allow it to develop without policies that reflect justified ethical concerns. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing scientific approaches to generate ELS from mouse and human PSCs, as well as discuss future strategies towards innovation in the context of human development. Concurrently, we aim to set the agenda for the ethical and policy issues surrounding research on human ELS. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed database was used to search peer-reviewed articles and reviews using the following terms: 'stem cells', 'pluripotency', 'implantation', 'preimplantation', 'post-implantation', 'blastocyst', 'embryoid bodies', 'synthetic embryos', 'embryo models', 'self-assembly', 'human embryo-like structures', 'artificial embryos' in combination with other keywords related to the subject area. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were also used to systematically search publications on the ethics of ELS and human embryo research by using the aforementioned keywords in combination with 'ethics', 'law', 'regulation' and equivalent terms. All relevant publications until December 2019 were critically evaluated and discussed. OUTCOMES In vitro systems provide a promising way forward for uncovering early human development. Current platforms utilize PSCs in both two- and three-dimensional settings to mimic various early developmental stages, including epiblast, trophoblast and amniotic cavity formation, in addition to axis development and gastrulation. Nevertheless, much hinges on the term 'embryo-like'. Extension of traditional embryo frameworks to research with ELS reveals that (i) current embryo definitions require reconsideration, (ii) cellular convertibility challenges the attribution of moral standing on the basis of 'active potentiality' and (iii) meaningful application of embryo protective directives will require rethinking of the 14-day culture limit and moral weight attributed to (non-)viability. Many conceptual and normative (dis)similarities between ELS and embryos thus remain to be thoroughly elucidated. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Modelling embryogenesis holds vast potential for both human developmental biology and understanding various etiologies associated with infertility. To date, ELS have been shown to recapitulate several aspects of peri-implantation development, but critically, cannot develop into a fetus. Yet, concurrent to scientific innovation, considering the extent to which the use of ELS may raise moral concerns typical of human embryo research remains paramount. This will be crucial for harnessing the potential of ELS as a valuable research tool, whilst remaining within a robust moral and legal framework of professionally acceptable practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pereira Daoud
- Department of Health Ethics and Society, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Humanities, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mina Popovic
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wybo J Dondorp
- Department of Health Ethics and Society, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School for Care and Public Health Research (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Socrates chair Ethics of Reproductive Genetics endowed by the Dutch Humanist Association, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Trani Bustos
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelien L Bredenoord
- Department of Medical Humanities, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susana M Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne C van den Brink
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard A J Roelen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Guido M W R de Wert
- Department of Health Ethics and Society, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School for Care and Public Health Research (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Zhou J, West RC, Ehlers EL, Ezashi T, Schulz LC, Roberts RM, Yuan Y, Schust DJ. Modeling human peri-implantation placental development and function†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:40-51. [PMID: 33899095 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is very difficult to gain a better understanding of the events in human pregnancy that occur during and just after implantation because such pregnancies are not yet clinically detectable. Animal models of human placentation are inadequate. In vitro models that utilize immortalized cell lines and cells derived from trophoblast cancers have multiple limitations. Primary cell and tissue cultures often have limited lifespans and cannot be obtained from the peri-implantation period. We present here two contemporary models of human peri-implantation placental development: extended blastocyst culture and stem-cell derived trophoblast culture. We discuss current research efforts that employ these models and how such models might be used in the future to study the "black box" stage of human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- Mizzou Institute for Women's Health Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - R C West
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, CO USA
| | - E L Ehlers
- Mizzou Institute for Women's Health Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO USA
| | - T Ezashi
- Bond Life Sciences Center, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - L C Schulz
- Mizzou Institute for Women's Health Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO USA
| | - R M Roberts
- Bond Life Sciences Center, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Y Yuan
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, CO USA
| | - D J Schust
- Mizzou Institute for Women's Health Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO USA
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15
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McKee C, Brown C, Bakshi S, Walker K, Govind CK, Chaudhry GR. Transcriptomic Analysis of Naïve Human Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured in Three-Dimensional PEG Scaffolds. Biomolecules 2020; 11:E21. [PMID: 33379237 PMCID: PMC7824559 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are characterized by improved viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity in comparison to traditionally derived primed human ESCs. However, currently used two-dimensional (2-D) cell culture techniques fail to mimic the three-dimensional (3-D) in vivo microenvironment, altering morphological and molecular characteristics of ESCs. Here, we describe the use of 3-D self-assembling scaffolds that support growth and maintenance of the naïve state characteristics of ESC line, Elf1. Scaffolds were formed via a Michael addition reaction upon the combination of two 8-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers functionalized with thiol (PEG-8-SH) and acrylate (PEG-8-Acr) end groups. 3-D scaffold environment maintained the naïve state and supported the long-term growth of ESCs. RNA-sequencing demonstrated significant changes in gene expression profiles between 2-D and 3-D grown cells. Gene ontology analysis revealed upregulation of biological processes involved in the regulation of transcription and translation, extracellular matrix organization, and chromatin remodeling in 3-D grown cells. 3-D culture conditions also induced upregulation of genes associated with Wnt and focal adhesion signaling, while p53 signaling pathway associated genes were downregulated. Our findings, for the first time, provide insight into the possible mechanisms of self-renewal of naïve ESCs stimulated by the transduction of mechanical signals from the 3-D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Christina Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Shreeya Bakshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Keegan Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Chhabi K. Govind
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - G. Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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16
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Yue C, Chen ACH, Tian S, Fong SW, Lee KC, Zhang J, Ng EHY, Lee KF, Yeung WSB, Lee YL. Human embryonic stem cell–derived blastocyst-like spheroids resemble human trophectoderm during early implantation process. Fertil Steril 2020; 114:653-664.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Liu WM, Cheng RR, Niu ZR, Chen AC, Ma MY, Li T, Chiu PC, Pang RT, Lee YL, Ou JP, Yao YQ, Yeung WSB. Let-7 derived from endometrial extracellular vesicles is an important inducer of embryonic diapause in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz7070. [PMID: 32917695 PMCID: PMC11206465 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic diapause is a maternally controlled phenomenon. The molecule controlling the onset of the phenomenon is unknown. We demonstrated that overexpression of microRNA let-7a or incubation with let-7g-enriched extracellular vesicles from endometrial epithelial cells prolonged the in vitro survival of mouse blastocysts, which developed into live pups after having been transferred to foster mothers. Similar to in vivo dormant blastocysts, let-7-induced dormant blastocysts exhibited low level of proliferation, apoptosis, and nutrient metabolism. Let-7 suppressed c-myc/mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling to induce embryonic diapause. It also inhibited ODC1 expression reducing biosynthesis of polyamines, which are known to reactivate dormant embryos. Furthermore, the overexpression of let-7 blocked trophoblast differentiation and implantation potential of human embryo surrogates, and prolonged survival of human blastocysts in vitro, supporting the idea that embryonic diapause was an evolutionary conserved phenomenon. In conclusion, let-7 is the main factor inducing embryonic diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 1, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - R R Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Z R Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - A C Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - M Y Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - T Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - P C Chiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 1, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - R T Pang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 1, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Y L Lee
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 1, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - J P Ou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Y Q Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - W S B Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 1, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
- University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Key Laboratory Platform Building, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, No. 6, Yuexing 2nd Road, Shenzhen 518057, P.R. China
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18
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Ban Z, Knöspel F, Schneider MR. Shedding light into the black box: Advances in in vitro systems for studying implantation. Dev Biol 2020; 463:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Regulation of human trophoblast surrogate Jeg-3 spheroids implantation potential by Wnt/β-catenin pathway and lin28a/let-7a axis. Exp Cell Res 2020; 388:111718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Evans J, Hutchison J, Salamonsen LA, Greening DW. Proteomic Insights into Endometrial Receptivity and Embryo‐Endometrial Epithelium Interaction for Implantation Reveal Critical Determinants of Fertility. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900250. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Evans
- Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMonash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational ScienceMonash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Jennifer Hutchison
- Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMonash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational ScienceMonash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Lois A. Salamonsen
- Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMonash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational ScienceMonash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - David W. Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMolecular Proteomics Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsLa Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe University Bundoora Victoria 3086 Australia
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21
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Ding H, Illsley NP, Chang RC. 3D Bioprinted GelMA Based Models for the Study of Trophoblast Cell Invasion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18854. [PMID: 31827129 PMCID: PMC6906490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging and promising technique for fabricating 3D cell-laden constructs for various biomedical applications. In this paper, we employed 3D bioprinted GelMA-based models to investigate the trophoblast cell invasion phenomenon, enabling studies of key placental functions. Initially, a set of optimized material and process parameters including GelMA concentration, UV crosslinking time and printing configuration were identified by systematic, parametric study. Following this, a multiple-ring model (2D multi-ring model) was tested with the HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell line to measure cell movement under the influence of EGF (chemoattractant) gradients. In the multi-ring model, the cell front used as a cell invasion indicator moves at a rate of 85 ± 33 µm/day with an EGF gradient of 16 µM. However, the rate was dramatically reduced to 13 ± 5 µm/day, when the multi-ring model was covered with a GelMA layer to constrain cells within the 3D environment (3D multi-ring model). Due to the geometric and the functional limitations of multi-ring model, a multi-strip model (2D multi-strip model) was developed to investigate cell movement in the presence and absence of the EGF chemoattractant. The results show that in the absence of an overlying cell-free layer of GelMA, movement of the cell front shows no significant differences between control and EGF-stimulated rates, due to the combination of migration and proliferation at high cell density (6 × 106 cells/ml) near the GelMA surface. When the model was covered by a layer of GelMA (3D multi-strip model) and migration was excluded, EGF-stimulated cells showed an invasion rate of 21 ± 3 µm/day compared to the rate for unstimulated cells, of 5 ± 4 µm/day. The novel features described in this report advance the use of the 3D bioprinted placental model as a practical tool for not only measurement of trophoblast invasion but also the interaction of invading cells with other tissue elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houzhu Ding
- Stevens Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Nicholas P Illsley
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Robert C Chang
- Stevens Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.
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22
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Evans J, Walker KJ, Bilandzic M, Kinnear S, Salamonsen LA. A novel "embryo-endometrial" adhesion model can potentially predict "receptive" or "non-receptive" endometrium. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 37:5-16. [PMID: 31776756 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a model of human implantation that responds to hormonal stimuli and can differentiate between endometrium from fertile women and those with idiopathic infertility. DESIGN A trophoblast stem cell (trophectodermal) line (TSC; derived from human pre-implantation embryo) was used to form trophectodermal spheroids (TS). TS attachment to monolayers of endometrial epithelial cell lines or primary endometrial epithelial cells (pHEECs) was determined. SETTING Independent Medical Research Institute with close clinical linkages INTERVENTIONS: Spheroid attachment and outgrowth was determined with added hormones (estradiol 17β (E), E + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or E + MPA + human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)). Spheroid attachment to E/MPA treated pHEEC prepared from fertile women or those with idiopathic infertility tested. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Firmly attached spheroids counted after co-culture for 6 h. Outgrowth was determined by quantitation of area covered by spheroid after firm adhesion. RESULTS Functional adhesion of TS to two endometrial epithelial cell lines, Ishikawa and ECC-1 cells, was hormonally responsive, with adhesion/outgrowth increased by E/MPA (ECC-1; p < 0.01, Ishikawa; p < 0.01) and E/MPA/hCG (ECC-1; p < 0.001, Ishikawa p < 0.01) versus E alone. The same pattern of hormone responsiveness was observed in pHEEC obtained from fertile women (E vs, E/MPA; p < 0.01, E vs. E/MPA/hCG; p < 0.001). TS adhered to 85% of pHEEC obtained from fertile women (11/13) and 11% of pHEEC obtained from women with unexplained infertility (2/18, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This new model of "embryo" implantation largely discriminates between endometrial epithelial cells obtained from fertile vs. infertile women based on adhesion; this holds potential as an in vitro "diagnostic" tool of endometrial infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Evans
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| | - Kathryn J Walker
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Sophie Kinnear
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
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Evans J, Rai A, Nguyen HPT, Poh QH, Elglass K, Simpson RJ, Salamonsen LA, Greening DW. Human Endometrial Extracellular Vesicles Functionally Prepare Human Trophectoderm Model for Implantation: Understanding Bidirectional Maternal-Embryo Communication. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800423. [PMID: 31531940 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation into maternal endometrium is critical for initiation and establishment of pregnancy, requiring developmental synchrony between endometrium and blastocyst. However, factors regulating human endometrial-embryo cross talk and facilitate implantation remain largely unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as important mediators of this process. Here, a trophectoderm spheroid-based in vitro model mimicking the pre-implantation human embryo is used to recapitulate important functional aspects of blastocyst implantation. Functionally, human endometrial EVs, derived from hormonally treated cells synchronous with implantation, are readily internalized by trophectoderm cells, regulating adhesive and invasive capacity of human trophectoderm spheroids. To gain molecular insights into mechanisms underpinning endometrial EV-mediated enhancement of implantation, quantitative proteomics reveal critical alterations in trophectoderm cellular adhesion networks (cell adhesion molecule binding, cell-cell adhesion mediator activity, and cell adherens junctions) and metabolic and gene expression networks, and the soluble secretome from human trophectodermal spheroids. Importantly, transfer of endometrial EV cargo proteins to trophectoderm to mediate changes in trophectoderm function is demonstrated. This is highlighted by correlation among endometrial EVs, the trophectodermal proteome following EV uptake, and EV-mediated trophectodermal cellular proteome, important for implantation. This work provides an understanding into molecular mechanisms of endometrial EV-mediated regulation of human trophectoderm functions-fundamental in understanding human endometrium-embryo signaling during implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Evans
- Endometrial Remodelling Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Hong P T Nguyen
- Endometrial Remodelling Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Qi Hui Poh
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Kirstin Elglass
- Endometrial Remodelling Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Endometrial Remodelling Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Departments of Physiology and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
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24
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Peng Q, Yue C, Chen ACH, Lee KC, Fong SW, Yeung WSB, Lee YL. Connexin 43 is involved in early differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Differentiation 2019; 105:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Yuan M, Hu M, Lou Y, Wang Q, Mao L, Zhan Q, Jin F. Environmentally relevant levels of bisphenol A affect uterine decidualization and embryo implantation through the estrogen receptor/serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1/epithelial sodium ion channel α-subunit pathway in a mouse model. Fertil Steril 2018; 109:735-744.e1. [PMID: 29605410 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether bisphenol A (BPA) exposure is associated with uterine decidualization and embryo implantation failure in mice. DESIGN Experimental animal study and in vitro study. SETTING University-based infertility center. ANIMAL(S) ICR mice. INTERVENTION(S) Mice treated with different doses of BPA; Ishikawa cells cultured in medium of different concentrations of BPA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Embryo implantation sites, uterine weight, quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical, cell proliferation, and statistical analyses. RESULT(S) In the experiment of mouse model, administration of 1-100 μg/kg/day of BPA by gavage led to reduction of the number of embryo implantation sites in a dose-dependent manner; 100 μg/kg/day of BPA statistically significantly reduced the number of implantation sites compared with the control group. The uterine weight change (the wet weight of the decidualized uterine horn divided by the wet weight of the undecidualized uterine horn of the mouse) in groups exposed to BPA (100-10,000 μg/kg/day) were statistically significantly lower compared with the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that administration of 100, 1,000, or 10,000 μg/kg/day of BPA by gavage statistically significantly down-regulated the expression of epithelial Na+ channel α-subunit (ENaCα) in the luminal epithelial cells and desmin in decidual cells of the oil-induced decidualized uterine horns. Administration of 100 μg/kg/day BPA on embryo days 0.5-3.5 by gavage statistically significantly decreased the level of uterine serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) protein expression on embryo days 4 and 6. After treatment with 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 μg/mL of BPA for 48 hours, the SGK1, ENaCα, and phospho-SGK1 protein expression of Ishikawa cells was down-regulated, and the effect of BPA on SGK1 could be abrogated by fulvestrant. CONCLUSION(S) Our study provides the first indication that BPA exposure at levels as low as 100 μg/kg/day can impair embryo implantation in mice and BPA can affect decidualization of the uterus in mouse model. Our results suggest that BPA can down-regulate SGK1 and ENaCα protein expression through estrogen receptors in Ishikawa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yuan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhao Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Lou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijing Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Luna Mao
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qitao Zhan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Jain A, Ezashi T, Roberts RM, Tuteja G. Deciphering transcriptional regulation in human embryonic stem cells specified towards a trophoblast fate. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17257. [PMID: 29222466 PMCID: PMC5722916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESC) continue to provide a model for studying early trophoblast cells (TB), but many questions have been raised regarding their true identity. Therefore, we carried out a global and unbiased analysis on previously published transcriptomic profiles for hESC differentiated to TB by means of bone morphogenetic protein-4 and inhibitors of activin A and fibroblast growth factor-2 signaling (BAP treatment). Our results confirm that BAP treated hESC (ESCd) lack a mesoderm signature and are a subtype of placental cells unlike those present at term. ESCd display a high level of expression of genes implicated in migration and invasion compared to commonly used, immortalized TB cell lines and primary cells from term placenta. Co-expression network analysis also identified gene modules involved in cell migration and adhesion, processes that are likely critical during the beginning stages of placentation. Finally, protein-protein interaction analysis predicted several additional genes that may play important roles in early stages of placental development. Together, our analyses provide novel insights into the transcriptional programs that are active in ESCd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Jain
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Toshihiko Ezashi
- Division of Animal Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Geetu Tuteja
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. .,Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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27
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Abstract
At implantation, with the acquisition of a receptive phenotype in the uterine epithelium, an initial tenuous attachment of embryonic trophectoderm initiates reorganisation of epithelial polarity to enable stable embryo attachment and the differentiation of invasive trophoblasts. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we describe cellular and molecular events during the epithelial phase of implantation in rodent, drawing on morphological studies both in vivo and in vitro, and genetic models. Evidence is emerging for a repertoire of transcription factors downstream of the master steroidal regulators estrogen and progesterone that coordinate alterations in epithelial polarity, delivery of signals to the stroma and epithelial cell death or displacement. We discuss what is known of the cell interactions that occur during implantation, before considering specific adhesion molecules. We compare the rodent data with our much more limited knowledge of the human system, where direct mechanistic evidence is hard to obtain. In the accompanying poster, we represent the embryo-epithelium interactions in humans and laboratory rodents, highlighting similarities and differences, as well as depict some of the key cell biological events that enable interstitial implantation to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Peter T Ruane
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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28
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Koel M, Võsa U, Krjutškov K, Einarsdottir E, Kere J, Tapanainen J, Katayama S, Ingerpuu S, Jaks V, Stenman UH, Lundin K, Tuuri T, Salumets A. Optimizing bone morphogenic protein 4-mediated human embryonic stem cell differentiation into trophoblast-like cells using fibroblast growth factor 2 and transforming growth factor-β/activin/nodal signalling inhibition. Reprod Biomed Online 2017. [PMID: 28647356 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can be differentiated into trophoblast-like cells if exposed to bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) and/or inhibitors of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/activin/nodal signalling pathways. The goal of this study was to investigate how the inhibitors of these pathways improve the efficiency of hESC differentiation when compared with basic BMP4 treatment. RNA sequencing was used to analyse the effects of all possible inhibitor combinations on the differentiation of hESC into trophoblast-like cells over 12 days. Genes differentially expressed compared with untreated cells were identified at seven time points. Additionally, expression of total human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and its hyperglycosylated form (HCG-H) were determined by immunoassay from cell culture media. We showed that FGF2 inhibition with BMP4 activation up-regulates syncytiotrophoblast-specific genes (CGA, CGB and LGALS16), induces several molecular pathways involved in embryo implantation and triggers HCG-H production. In contrast, inhibition of the TGF-β/activin/nodal pathway decreases the ability of hESC to form trophoblast-like cells. Information about the conditions needed for hESC differentiation toward trophoblast-like cells helps us to find an optimal model for studying the early development of human trophoblasts in normal and in complicated pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Koel
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, and Centre for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Urmo Võsa
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaarel Krjutškov
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, and Centre for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, and Centre for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, and Centre for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, and Centre for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sulev Ingerpuu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ulf-Hakan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karolina Lundin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Tuuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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29
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Reinholt BM, Bradley JS, Jacobs RD, Ealy AD, Johnson SE. Tissue organization alters gene expression in equine induced trophectoderm cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 247:174-182. [PMID: 28161437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapid morphological and gene expression changes occur during the early formation of a mammalian blastocyst. Critical to successful retention of the blastocyst and pregnancy is a functional trophectoderm (TE) that supplies the developing embryo with paracrine factors and hormones. The contribution of TE conformational changes to gene expression was examined in equine induced trophoblast (iTr) cells. Equine iTr cells were cultured as monolayers or in suspension to form spheres. The spheres are hollow and structurally reminiscent of native equine blastocysts. Total RNA was isolated from iTr monolayers and spheres and analyzed by RNA sequencing. An average of 32.2 and 31million aligned reads were analyzed for the spheres and monolayers, respectively. Forty-four genes were unique to monolayers and 45 genes were expressed only in spheres. Conformation did not affect expression of CDX2, POU5F1, TEAD4, ETS2, ELF3, GATA2 or TFAP2A, the core gene network of native TE. Bioinformatic analysis was used to identify classes of genes differentially expressed in response to changes in tissue shape. In both iTr spheres and monolayers, the majority of the differentially expressed genes were associated with binding activity in cellular, developmental and metabolic processes. Inherent to protein:protein interactions, several receptor-ligand families were identified in iTr cells with enrichment of genes coding for PI3-kinase and MAPK signaling intermediates. Our results provide evidence for ligand initiated kinase signaling pathways that underlie early trophectoderm structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad M Reinholt
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer S Bradley
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Robert D Jacobs
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Alan D Ealy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Sally E Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
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Abstract
Advances in embryology, genetics, and regenerative medicine regularly attract attention from scientists, scholars, journalists, and policymakers, yet implications of these advances may be broader than commonly supposed. Laboratories culturing human embryos, editing human genes, and creating human-animal chimeras have been working along lines that are now becoming intertwined. Embryogenic methods are weaving traditional in vivo and in vitro distinctions into a new “in vivitro” (in life in glass) fabric. These and other methods known to be in use or thought to be in development promise soon to bring society to startling choices and discomfiting predicaments, all in a global effort to supply reliably rejuvenating stem cells, to grow immunologically non-provocative replacement organs, and to prevent, treat, cure, or even someday eradicate diseases having genetic or epigenetic mechanisms. With humanity's human-engineering era now begun, procedural prohibitions, funding restrictions, institutional controls, and transparency rules are proving ineffective, and business incentives are migrating into the most basic life-sciences inquiries, wherein lie huge biomedical potentials and bioethical risks. Rights, health, and heritage are coming into play with bioethical presumptions and formal protections urgently needing reassessment.
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31
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Gamage TK, Chamley LW, James JL. Stem cell insights into human trophoblast lineage differentiation. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 23:77-103. [PMID: 27591247 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human placenta is vital for fetal development, yet little is understood about how it forms successfully to ensure a healthy pregnancy or why this process is inadequate in 1 in 10 pregnancies, leading to miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction or preeclampsia. Trophoblasts are placenta-specific epithelial cells that maximize nutrient exchange. All trophoblast lineages are thought to arise from a population of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). However, whilst the isolation of murine TSC has led to an explosion in understanding murine placentation, the isolation of an analogous human TSC has proved more difficult. Consequently, alternative methods of studying human trophoblast lineage development have been employed, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) and transformed cell lines; but what do these proxy models tell us about what is happening during early placental development? OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In this systematic review, we evaluate current approaches to understanding human trophoblast lineage development in order to collate and refine these models and inform future approaches aimed at establishing human TSC lines. SEARCH METHODS To ensure all relevant articles were analysed, an unfiltered search of Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science was conducted for 25 key terms on the 13th May 2016. In total, 47 313 articles were retrieved and manually filtered based on non-human, non-English, non-full text, non-original article and off-topic subject matter. This resulted in a total of 71 articles deemed relevant for review in this article. OUTCOMES Candidate human TSC populations have been identified in, and isolated from, both the chorionic membrane and villous tissue of the placenta, but further investigation is required to validate these as 'true' human TSCs. Isolating human TSCs from blastocyst trophectoderm has not been successful in humans as it was in mice, although recently the first reported TSC line (USFB6) was isolated from an eight-cell morula. In lieu of human TSC lines, trophoblast-like cells have been induced to differentiate from hESCs and iPS. However, differentiation in these model systems is difficult to control, culture conditions employed are highly variable, and the extent to which they accurately convey the biology of 'true' human TSCs remains unclear, particularly as a consensus has not been met among the scientific community regarding which characteristics a human TSC must possess. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Human TSC models have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of trophoblast differentiation, allowing us to make significant gains in understanding the underlying pathology of pregnancy disorders and to test potential therapeutic interventions on cell function in vitro. In order to do this, a collaborative effort is required to establish the criteria that define a human TSC to confirm the presence of human TSCs in both primary isolates and to determine how accurately trophoblast-like cells derived from current model systems reflect trophoblast from primary tissue. The in vitro systems currently used to model early trophoblast lineage formation have provided insights into early human placental formation but it is unclear whether these trophoblast-like cells are truly representative of primary human trophoblast. Consequently, continued refinement of current models, and standardization of culture protocols is essential to aid our ability to identify, isolate and propagate 'true' human TSCs from primary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Kjb Gamage
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Joanna L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Shpiz A, Ben-Yosef D, Kalma Y. Impaired function of trophoblast cells derived from translocated hESCs may explain pregnancy loss in women with balanced translocation (11;22). J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1493-1499. [PMID: 27503403 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to study whether the trophoblasts carrying unbalanced translocation 11,22 [t(11;12)] display abnormal expression of trophoblastic genes and impaired functional properties that may explain implantation failure. METHODS t(11;22) hESCs and control hESCs were differentiated in vitro into trophoblast cells in the presence of BMP4, and trophoblast vesicles (TBVs) were created in suspension. The expression pattern of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) genes was compared between translocated and control TBVs. The functional properties of the TBVs were evaluated by their attachment to endometrium cells (ECC1) and invasion through trans-well inserts. RESULTS TBVs derived from control hESCs expressed EVT genes from functioning trophoblast cells. In contrast, TBVs differentiated from the translocated hESC line displayed impaired expression of EVT genes. Moreover, the number of TBVs that were attached to endometrium cells was significantly lower compared to the controls. Correspondingly, invasiveness of trophoblast-differentiated translocated cells was also significantly lower than that of the control cells. CONCLUSIONS These results may explain the reason for implantation failure in couple carriers of t(11;22). They also demonstrate that translocated hESCs comprise a valuable in vitro human model for studying the mechanisms underlying implantation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Shpiz
- Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Dalit Ben-Yosef
- Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
| | - Yael Kalma
- Wolfe PGD Stem Cell Lab, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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Soygur B, Moore H. Expression of Syncytin 1 (HERV-W), in the preimplantation human blastocyst, embryonic stem cells and trophoblast cells derived in vitro. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1455-61. [PMID: 27173892 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION As Syncytin 1 (human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-W)) is crucial for human embryo placentation is it expressed during preimplantation embryo development? SUMMARY ANSWER Syncytin 1 was expressed mainly in trophoblast cells of the blastocyst particularly in cells underlying the inner cell mass (ICM). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Syncytin 1 (along with HERV-FRD or Syncytin 2) is expressed in first-trimester placenta and required for cell-cell fusion to enable formation of syncytiotrophoblast and effective placentation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION Preimplantation human embryos donated for research were cultured in vitro and protein expression of Syncytin 1 at the blastocyst stage of development investigated. Comparisons were made with protein (Syncytin 1) and mRNA (Syncytin 1 and 2) expression in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) undergoing differentiation to trophoblast-like cells in vitro. In total, 10 blastocysts (×3 or 4 replicates) were analysed and 4 hESC lines. The study was terminated after consistent observations of embryos were made. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Donated embryos were thawed and cultured to blastocyst, fixed with 4% w/v paraformaldehyde. Syncytin 1 protein expression was determined by immunofluorescent localisation and confocal microscopy. Additionally, hESCs were differentiated to trophoblast-like cells in standard and conditioned culture medium with growth factors (bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) or fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) and assessed for mRNA (Syncytin 1 and 2) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and protein expression by immunolocalization and western blot. MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE Syncytin 1 was expressed in cytoplasm and on the cell surface of some trophoblast cells, and consistently the trophectoderm underlying the ICM of the blastocyst. There was weak but consistent expression of Syncytin 1 in cells on the periphery of the ICM also displaying pluripotency antibody marker (Tra-1-60). Three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal slice data provided good visualization of expression. The time course of expression of Syncytin 1 was replicated in hESCs differentiated in vitro confirming the embryo observations and providing statistically significant differences in protein and mRNA level (P= 0.002) and (P< 0.05), respectively. LIMITATION, REASONS FOR CAUTION Culture of a limited number of embryos to blastocyst in vitro may not replicate the range and quality of development in situ. Probes (antibodies, PCR) were tested for specificity, but might have non-specific reactions. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF FINDINGS Syncytin expression is a prerequisite for embryo implantation and placentation. Understanding when expression first occurs during embryo development may be informative for understanding conditions of abnormal gestations such as pre-clampsia. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The study was supported partly by an ERASMUS training grant and grant G0801059 from the Medical Research Council, U.K. There were no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikem Soygur
- Department of Biomedical Science, Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2UH, UK Present address: Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Harry Moore
- Department of Biomedical Science, Centre for Stem Cell Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2UH, UK
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