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Dussenne M, Alward BA. Expression of novel androgen receptors in three GnRH neuron subtypes in the cichlid brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2024:e13429. [PMID: 38986626 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
In teleosts, GnRH1 neurons stand at the apex of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis, which is responsible for the production of sex steroids by the gonads (notably, androgens). To exert their actions, androgens need to bind to their specific receptors, called androgen receptors (ARs). Due to a teleost-specific whole genome duplication, A. burtoni possess two AR paralogs (ARα and ARβ) that are encoded by two different genes, ar1 and ar2, respectively. In A. burtoni, males stratify along dominance hierarchies, in which an individuals' social status determines its physiology and behavior. GnRH1 neurons have been strongly linked with dominance and circulating androgen levels. Similarly, GnRH3 neurons are implicated in the display of male specific behaviors. Some studies have shown that these GnRH neurons are responsive to fluctuations in circulating androgens levels, suggesting a link between GnRH neurons and ARs. While female A. burtoni do not naturally form a social hierarchy, their reproductive state is positively correlated to androgen levels and GnRH1 neuron size. Although there are reports related to the expression of ar genes in GnRH neurons in cichlid species, the expression of each ar gene remains inconclusive due to technical limitations. Here, we used immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization chain reaction (HCR), and spatial transcriptomics to investigate ar1 and ar2 expression specifically in GnRH neurons. We find that all GnRH1 neurons intensely express ar1 but only a few of them express ar2, suggesting the presence of genetically-distinct GnRH1 subtypes. Very few ar1 and ar2 transcripts were found in GnRH2 neurons. GnRH3 neurons were found to express both ar genes. The presence of distinct ar genes within GnRH neuron subtypes, most clearly observed for GnRH1 neurons, suggests differential control of these neurons by androgenic signaling. These findings provide valuable insight for future studies aimed at disentangling the androgenic control of GnRH neuron plasticity and reproductive plasticity across teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Dussenne
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Beau A Alward
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Ran C, Peng G, Shen R, Liao Q, Liao M, Wang Q, Zhou L, Zheng H, Long M. Efficacy of GnRH Pulses in Hypogonadism Secondary to Primary Empty Sella: Case Report. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01637-1. [PMID: 38958919 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of pulsed gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) micropump replacement therapy in the treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) caused by primary empty sella (PES).The efficacy of pulsed GnRH replacement therapy using the micropump was evaluated in a middle-aged male patient with HH who had experienced the loss of his only child. Relevant literature was also consulted to compare the differences between pulse GnRH treatment and conventional treatment in terms of the development of secondary sexual characteristics, sex hormone levels, sperm production rate, and sperm activity rate in male patient with HH.In this report, a 45-year-old male diagnosed with HH and PES presented with fatigue and decreased libido. The main characteristics included decreased follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels of 0.03 mIU/mL, luteinizing hormone (LH) levels of 0.02 mIU/mL, and testosterone (T) levels of 0.72 nmol/L. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an empty sella. Semen analysis showed a small number of normal sperm with reduced motility. During treatment with the micropump pulse GnRH, the patient experienced no side effects and showed improvements in fatigue, reduced libido, sexual urge, anxiety, and feelings of inferiority. LH, FSH, and T levels returned to normal, while sperm activity rate increased to 79.9%. Ultimately, the patient's spouse achieved a natural pregnancy.Pulsed gonadotropin delivery using the micropump demonstrates good efficacy and tolerability, and aligns more closely with the physiological rhythm of GnRH secretion in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Ran
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, No.83 Xinqiao Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Guiliang Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Rufei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, No.83 Xinqiao Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Qian Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, No.83 Xinqiao Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Mingyu Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, No.83 Xinqiao Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Qixian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, No.83 Xinqiao Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, PR China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, No.83 Xinqiao Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Min Long
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
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Ding Y, Jiang X, Sun L, Sha Y, Xu Z, Sohail A, Liu G. Multiple-Pathway Synergy Alters Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Response to an Immunocastration Vaccine in Goat. Cells 2023; 13:6. [PMID: 38201210 PMCID: PMC10778245 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal reproduction performance is crucial in husbandry. Immunocastrated animals serve as an ideal animal model for studying testicular function. During androgen suppression, the testis undergoes dramatic developmental and structural changes, including the inhibition of hormone secretion and spermatogenesis. METHODS To characterize this process, we investigated the effects of castration using a recombinant B2L and KISS1 DNA vaccine, and then identified functional genes in the testes of Yiling goats using RNA-seq and WGS. The experimental animals were divided into three groups: the PVAX-asd group (control), PBK-asd-immunized group, and surgically castrated group. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the administration of the recombinant PBK-asd vaccine in goats elicited a significant antibody response, and reduced serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), resulting in smaller scrotal circumferences and decreased sexual desire compared to the control group. In addition, RNA transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the testes revealed that the biological processes after immunocastration mainly focused on the regulation of cell matrix adhesion, histone acetylation, negative regulation of developmental processes, apoptosis, and activation of the complement system and the thrombin cascade reaction system. Then, we integrated the whole-genome sequencing and testis transcriptome, and identified several candidate genes (FGF9, FST, KIT, TH, TCP1, PLEKHA1, TMEM119, ESR1, TIPARP, LEP) that influence steroidogenesis secretion and spermatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Multiple pathways and polygenic co-expression participate in the response to castration vaccines, altering hormone secretion and spermatogenesis. Taken together, our atlas of the immunocastration goat testis provides multiple insights into the developmental changes and key factors accompanying androgen suppression, and thus may contribute to understanding the genetic mechanism of testis function. Joint analysis of whole genome sequencing and RNA-seq enables reliable screening of candidate genes, benefiting future genome-assisted breeding of goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xunping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiyu Sha
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ahmed Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guiqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Guimarães LB, Machado DPD, Carvalho Versiani Caldeira BF, Vieira LTM, Santos GA, Araújo FR, Machado LT, Gomes DA, Ocarino NDM, Serakides R, Reis AMS. Kisspeptin (Kp-10) inhibits in vitro osteogenic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells extracted from the bone marrow of adult rats. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152112. [PMID: 37948785 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (Kp-10) is a neuropeptide that binds to GPR54 receptors, exerting several functions mainly in the nervous and reproductive systems of the body. However, its effects and mechanisms of action on the skeletal system remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of different concentrations of Kp-10 on in vitro osteogenic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) extracted from the bone marrow (BM) of adult Wistar rats. Two-month-old female rats were euthanized to extract BM from long bones to obtain MSCs. Four experimental groups were established in vitro: a control and Kp-10 at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05 and, 0.1 µg/mL. After induction of osteogenic differentiation, cell viability was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, percentage of area covered by MSCs/field and mineralized nodules/field, and immunocytochemistry of the GPR54 receptor tests. Furthermore, evaluation of gene transcripts for type I collagen, Runx-2, Bmp-2, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and osteopontin was performed using real-time RT-qPCR. It was observed that MSCs expressed GPR54 receptor to which Kp-10 binds during osteogenic differentiation, promoting a negative effect on osteogenic differentiation. This effect was observed at all the Kp-10 concentrations in a concentration-dependent manner, characterized by a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase, collagen synthesis, mineralized nodules, and decreased expression of gene transcripts for type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and Runx-2. Thus, Kp-10 inhibits in vitro osteogenic differentiation of MSCs extracted from the BM of adult Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Bitencourt Guimarães
- Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 30.161-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Portela Dias Machado
- Departamento de Farmacologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 30.161-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Ferreira Carvalho Versiani Caldeira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 30.161-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Larissa Tiemi Matuzake Vieira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 30.161-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Alves Santos
- Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 30.161-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Rocha Araújo
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) do Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, campus Pampulha da UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Caixa Postal 567, CEP 30.123-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Teotônio Machado
- Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 30.161-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 30.161-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália de Melo Ocarino
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) do Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, campus Pampulha da UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Caixa Postal 567, CEP 30.123-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogéria Serakides
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) do Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, campus Pampulha da UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Caixa Postal 567, CEP 30.123-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda Maria Sena Reis
- Departamento de Patologia Geral do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 30.161-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Alghamdi A. Precocious Puberty: Types, Pathogenesis and Updated Management. Cureus 2023; 15:e47485. [PMID: 38021712 PMCID: PMC10663169 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Precocious puberty (PP) means the appearance of secondary sexual characters before the age of eight years in girls and nine years in boys. Puberty is indicated in girls by the enlargement of the breasts (thelarche) in girls and in boys by the enlargement of the testes in either volume or length (testicular volume = 4 mL, testicular length = 25 mm, or both). Two types of PP are recognized - namely central PP (CPP) and peripheral PP (PPP). This paper aims to describe the clinical findings and laboratory workup of PP and to illustrate the new trends in the management of precocious sexual maturation. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-independent type (PPP) refers to the development of early pubertal maturation not related to the central activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. It is classified into genetic or acquired disorders. The most common forms of congenital or genetic causes involve McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS), familial male-limited PP, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The acquired causes include exogenous exposure to androgens, functioning tumors or cysts, and the pseudo-PP of profound primary hypothyroidism. On the other hand, CPP is the most common and it is a gonadotropin-dependent form. It is due to premature maturation of the HPG axis. CPP may occur as genetic alterations, such as MKRN3, DLK1, or KISS1;as a part of mutations in the epigenetic factors that regulate the HPG axis, such as Lin28b and let-7; or as a part of syndromes, central lesions such as hypothalamic hamartoma, and others. A full, detailed history and physical examination should be taken. Furthermore, several investigations should be conducted for both types of PP, including the estimation of serum gonadotropins such as luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones and sex steroids, in addition to a radiographic workup and thyroid function tests. Treatment depends on the type of PP: Long-acting GnRHa, either intramuscularly or implanted, is the norm of care for CPP management, while in PPP, especially in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the goal of management is to suppress adrenal androgen secretion by glucocorticoids. In addition, anastrozole and letrozole - third-generation aromatase inhibitors - are more potent for MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alghamdi
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha, SAU
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Kushwaha B, Srivastava N, Kumar MS, Kumar R. Protein-protein networks analysis of differentially expressed genes unveils the key phenomenon of biological process with respect to reproduction in endangered catfish, C. Magur. Gene 2023; 860:147235. [PMID: 36731619 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Clarias magur (magur) is an important freshwater catfish with high potential in the aquaculture sector in its geographical ranges of distribution. One of the impediments to realise its full aquaculture potential is the lack of understanding key genes involved in its reproduction pathways. Nonetheless, very limited information is available on brain and gonads, with respect to reproduction related issues of magur at molecular level. The present study was aimed at understanding the interaction of the brain-gonad system by analysing differentially expressed genes (DEG) in brains and gonads of male and female magur using a protein-protein network interaction study. In brief, 641, 541, 225 and 245 DEGs, respectively, in ovary, testis and female brain and male-brain of magur were used as input in String database 11.0 and Cytoscape v 3.8.0 plug-in Network Analyzer for PPI network construction followed by network superimposition, network merging and analysis. A total of 13 key genes in female brain & ovary and 12 key genes in male brain & testis were obtained based on the network topological parameter betweenness centrality and nodes degree. Among them, cyp19a1b and amh genes in male brain-testis and Tp53 and exo1 genes in female brain-ovary were identified as hub genes having a high level of interaction and expression with other key genes in the network. Further, functional annotation study of these genes revealed their active involvement in important pathways related to reproduction. This is the first report exploring the interaction of brain and gonads in the regulation of magur reproduction through a protein-protein interaction network. The 25 key genes identified in the combined network are involved in various pathways, like neuropeptide signalling pathway, oxytocin receptor-mediated signalling pathway, corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor signalling pathway and reproduction process, which could lead to a better understanding of the magur reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basdeo Kushwaha
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Neha Srivastava
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Murali S Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Male Sex Hormones, Metabolic Syndrome, and Aquaporins: A Triad of Players in Male (in)Fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031960. [PMID: 36768282 PMCID: PMC9915845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is becoming a chronic and emerging problem in the world. There is a resistant stigma that this health condition is mostly due to the female, although the literature supports that the responsibility for the onset of infertility is equally shared between both sexes in more or less equal proportions. Nevertheless, male sex hormones, particularly testosterone (T), are key players in male-related infertility. Indeed, hypogonadism, which is also characterized by changes in T levels, is one of the most common causes of male infertility and its incidence has been interconnected to the increased prevalence of metabolic diseases. Recent data also highlight the role of aquaporin (AQP)-mediated water and solute diffusion and the metabolic homeostasis in testicular cells suggesting a strong correlation between AQPs function, metabolism of testicular cells, and infertility. Indeed, recent studies showed that both metabolic and sexual hormone concentrations can change the expression pattern and function of AQPs. Herein, we review up-to-date information on the involvement of AQP-mediated function and permeability in men with metabolic syndrome and testosterone deficit, highlighting the putative mechanisms that show an interaction between sex hormones, AQPs, and metabolic syndrome that may contribute to male infertility.
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Aasif A, Alam R, Ahsan H, Khan MM, Khan A, Khan S. The role of kisspeptin in the pathogenesis of a polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Regul 2023; 57:292-303. [PMID: 38127687 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2023-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), there is a disturbance in the HPG axis. Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide produced by the KISS1 gene, plays a vital role in the regulation of HPG axis by binding with its receptors KISS1R/GPR54, and stimulates gonadotropin secretion from the hypothalamus into pituitary to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Polymorphisms or mutations in the KISS1 gene can cause disturbance in the kisspeptin signaling pathway and is thought to disrupt HPG axis. Altered signaling of kisspeptin can cause abnormal secretion of GnRH pulse, which leads to increased LH/FSH ratio, thereby affecting androgen levels and ovulation. The increased levels of androgen worsen the symptoms of PCOS. In the present article, we review the molecular physiology and pathology of kisspeptin and how it is responsible for the development of PCOS. The goal of this review article is to provide an overview and metabolic profile of kisspeptin in PCOS patients and the expression of kisspeptin in PCOS animal models. In the present article, we also review the molecular physiology and pathology of kisspeptin and how it is responsible for the development of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiba Aasif
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Roshan Alam
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Haseeb Ahsan
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Mustufa Khan
- 3Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Integral Institute of Allied Health Sciences and Research, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Arshiya Khan
- 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Saba Khan
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Lucknow, India
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Spruijt A, Kooistra H, Oei C, Vinke C, Schaefers-Okkens A, De Gier J. The function of the pituitary-testicular axis in dogs prior to and following surgical or chemical castration with the GnRH-agonist deslorelin. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:97-108. [PMID: 36165853 PMCID: PMC10086795 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical castration, that is the reduction of circulating testosterone concentrations to castrate levels by administration of a GnRH-agonist implant, is a popular alternative to surgical castration in male dogs. Detailed information concerning the pituitary-testicular axis following administration of a GnRH-agonist implant is still scarce. Therefore, GnRH-stimulation tests were performed in male dogs, prior to and after surgical and chemical castration. This approach also allowed us to determine plasma concentrations of testosterone and oestradiol in intact male dogs for future reference and to directly compare the effects of surgical and chemical castration on the pituitary-testicular axis. In intact male dogs (n = 42) of different breeds GnRH administration induced increased plasma LH, FSH, oestradiol and testosterone concentrations. After surgical castration basal and GnRH-induced plasma FSH and LH concentrations increased pronouncedly. Additionally, basal and GnRH-induced plasma oestradiol and testosterone concentrations decreased after surgical castration. After chemical castration, with a slow-release implant containing the GnRH-agonist deslorelin, plasma LH and FSH concentrations were lower than prior to castration and lower compared with the same interval after surgical castration. Consequently, plasma oestradiol and testosterone concentrations were lowered to values similar to those after surgical castration. GnRH administration to the chemically castrated male dogs induced a significant increase in the plasma concentrations of LH, but not of FSH. In conclusion, after administration of the deslorelin implant, the plasma concentrations of oestradiol and testosterone did not differ significantly from the surgically castrated animals. After GnRH-stimulation, none of the dogs went to pre-treatment testosterone levels. However, at the moment of assessment at 4,4 months (mean 133 days ± SEM 4 days), the pituitary gonadotrophs were responsive to GnRH in implanted dogs. The increase of LH, but not of FSH, following GnRH administration indicates a differential regulation of the release of these gonadotrophins, which needs to be considered when GnRH-stimulation tests are performed in implanted dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Spruijt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Kooistra
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Oei
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Vinke
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division Animals in Science & Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Auke Schaefers-Okkens
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey De Gier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Ludwig M, Newton C, Pieters A, Homer NZM, Feng Li X, O'Byrne KT, Millar RP. Provocative tests with Kisspeptin-10 and GnRH set the scene for determining social status and environmental impacts on reproductive capacity in male African lions (Panthera leo). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 329:114127. [PMID: 36150474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the hypothalamic factors regulating reproduction facilitates maximising the reproductive success of breeding programmes and in the management and conservation of threatened species, including African lions. To provide insight into the physiology and pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal reproductive axis in lions, we studied the luteinising hormone (LH) and steroid hormone responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its upstream regulator, kisspeptin. Six young (13.3 ± 1.7 months, 56.2 ± 4.3 kg) and four adult (40.2 ± 1.4 months, 174 ± 6 kg) male lions (Ukutula Conservation Centre, South Africa) were used in this study. Lions were immobilised with a combination of medetomidine and ketamine and an intravenous catheter was placed in a jugular, cephalic or medial saphenous vein for blood sampling at 10-min intervals for 220 min. The ten-amino acid kisspeptin which has full intrinsic activity (KP-10, 1 µg/kg) and GnRH (1 µg/kg) were administered intravenously to study their effects on LH and steroid hormone plasma concentrations, measured subsequently by ELISA and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively. Basal LH levels were similarly low between the age groups, but testosterone and its precursor levels were higher in the adult animals. Adult lions showed a significant LH response to KP-10 (10-fold) and GnRH (11-fold) administration (p < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) whereas in young lions LH increased significantly only in response to GnRH. In adults alone, testosterone and its precursors steadily increased in response to KP-10, with no significant further increase in response to GnRH. Plasma levels of glucocorticoids in response to KP-10 remained unchanged. We suggest that provocative testing of LH and steroid stimulation with kisspeptin provides a new and sensitive tool for determining reproductive status and possibly an index of exposure to stress, environmental insults such as disease, endocrine disruptors and nutritional status. 272 words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Ludwig
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Immunology, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Claire Newton
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ané Pieters
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science and Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xiao Feng Li
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin T O'Byrne
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert P Millar
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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11
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Hu KL, Chen Z, Li X, Cai E, Yang H, Chen Y, Wang C, Ju L, Deng W, Mu L. Advances in clinical applications of kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in female reproduction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:81. [PMID: 35606759 PMCID: PMC9125910 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptin is the leading upstream regulator of pulsatile and surge Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone secretion (GnRH) in the hypothalamus, which acts as the key governor of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis. MAIN TEXT Exogenous kisspeptin or its receptor agonist can stimulate GnRH release and subsequent physiological gonadotropin secretion in humans. Based on the role of kisspeptin in the hypothalamus, a broad application of kisspeptin and its receptor agonist has been recently uncovered in humans, including central control of ovulation, oocyte maturation (particularly in women at a high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome), test for GnRH neuronal function, and gatekeepers of puberty onset. In addition, the kisspeptin analogs, such as TAK-448, showed promising agonistic activity in healthy women as well as in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea or polycystic ovary syndrome. CONCLUSION More clinical trials should focus on the therapeutic effect of kisspeptin, its receptor agonist and antagonist in women with reproductive disorders, such as hypothalamic amenorrhoea, polycystic ovary syndrome, and endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lun Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No.49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100191
- Zhejiang MedicalTech Therapeutics Company, No.665 Yumeng Road, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325200
| | - Zimiao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325000
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Zhejiang MedicalTech Therapeutics Company, No.665 Yumeng Road, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325200
| | - Enci Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325000
| | - Yi Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325000
| | - Congying Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325000
| | - Liping Ju
- Zhejiang MedicalTech Therapeutics Company, No.665 Yumeng Road, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325200
| | - Wenhai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325006.
| | - Liangshan Mu
- Zhejiang MedicalTech Therapeutics Company, No.665 Yumeng Road, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China, 325200.
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12
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Erel CT, Ozcivit IB, Inan D, Mut A, Karakus Hatipoglu B, Konukoglu D. Serum kisspeptin levels along reproductive period in women: is it a marker for aging? Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:267-272. [PMID: 35049415 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2028768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the change in serum kisspeptin levels during the reproductive period in healthy women and to investigate the relationship with other reproductive hormones. METHODS One hundred thirty-one healthy women with normal menstrual history were included and serum kisspeptin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), estradiol (E2), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were determined on cycle day 3. The data were analyzed in 5-year age groups. RESULTS Serum kisspeptin levels of all women were found to be significantly and negatively correlated with age (r= -0.458). The kisspeptin levels were the highest in the group of women aged between 20 and 24 years compared to other age groups above 25 years (p < .01, p < .001, p < .0005, p < .0005). There was not any significant correlation between serum kisspeptin levels and AMH, FSH, LH, TSH, E2, and body-mass index (BMI), respectively. The Scatter and Violin plots showed that most of the women over 35 years of age had serum kisspeptin levels under the level of 500 pg/ml. The kisspeptin levels of women over 35 years of age clustered closely as opposed to the kisspeptin levels of those below the age of 35, which were scattered. The median serum kisspeptin levels were found to be high in women below the age of 35 (p < .0005). CONCLUSION In healthy women, serum kisspeptin level is the highest in the group of women aged between 20 and 24 years and declines with age. It tends to be below the level of 500 pg/ml in women over the age of 35.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tamer Erel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ipek Betul Ozcivit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Inan
- Department of Statistics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysegül Mut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burçin Karakus Hatipoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dildar Konukoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Fang L, Yan Y, Gao Y, Wu Z, Wang Z, Yang S, Cheng JC, Sun YP. TGF-β1 inhibits human trophoblast cell invasion by upregulating kisspeptin expression through ERK1/2 but not SMAD signaling pathway. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:22. [PMID: 35101033 PMCID: PMC8802482 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tightly regulation of extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVT) cell invasion is critical for the placentation and establishment of a successful pregnancy. Insufficient EVT cell invasion leads to the development of preeclampsia (PE) which is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and kisspeptin are expressed in the human placenta and have been shown to inhibit EVT cell invasion. Kisspeptin is a downstream target of TGF-β1 in human breast cancer cells. However, whether kisspeptin is regulated by TGF-β1 and mediates TGF-β1-suppressed human EVT cell invasion remains unclear. METHODS The effect of TGF-β1 on kisspeptin expression and the underlying mechanisms were explored by a series of in vitro experiments in a human EVT cell line, HTR-8/SVneo, and primary cultures of human EVT cells. Serum levels of TGF-β1 and kisspeptin in patients with or without PE were measured by ELISA. RESULTS TGF-β1 upregulates kisspeptin expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells and primary cultures of human EVT cells. Using pharmacological inhibitor and siRNA, we demonstrate that the stimulatory effect of TGF-β1 on kisspeptin expression is mediated via the ALK5 receptor. Treatment with TGF-β1 activates SMAD2/3 canonical pathways as well as ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT non-canonical pathways. However, only inhibition of ERK1/2 activation attenuates the stimulatory effect of TGF-β1 on kisspeptin expression. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of kisspeptin attenuated TGF-β1-suppressed EVT cell invasion. Moreover, we report that serum levels of TGF-β1 and kisspeptin are significantly upregulated in patients with PE. CONCLUSIONS By illustrating the potential physiological role of TGF-β1 in the regulation of kisspeptin expression, our results may serve to improve current strategies used to treat placental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ze Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sizhu Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Ying-Pu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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14
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Xie Q, Kang Y, Zhang C, Xie Y, Wang C, Liu J, Yu C, Zhao H, Huang D. The Role of Kisspeptin in the Control of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Reproduction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:925206. [PMID: 35837314 PMCID: PMC9273750 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.925206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of kisspeptin as a critical central regulatory factor of GnRH release has given people a novel understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation in human reproduction. Kisspeptin activates the signaling pathway by binding to its receptor kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) to promote GnRH secretion, thereby regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) axis. Recent studies have shown that kisspeptin neurons located in arcuate nucleus (ARC) co-express neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin (Dyn). Such neurons are called KNDy neurons. KNDy neurons participate in the positive and negative feedback of estrogen to GnRH secretion. In addition, kisspeptin is a key factor in the initiation of puberty, and also regulates the processes of female follicle development, oocyte maturation, and ovulation through the HPG axis. In male reproduction, kisspeptin also plays an important role, getting involved in the regulation of Leydig cells, spermatogenesis, sperm functions and reproductive behaviors. Mutations in the KISS1 gene or disorders of the kisspeptin/KISS1R system may lead to clinical symptoms such as idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (iHH), central precocious puberty (CPP) and female infertility. Understanding the influence of kisspeptin on the reproductive axis and related mechanisms will help the future application of kisspeptin in disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we critically appraise the role of kisspeptin in the HPG axis, including its signaling pathways, negative and positive feedback mechanisms, and its control on female and male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Xie
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Kang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Xie
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuxiong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiqian Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghui Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Moise-Silverman J, Silverman LA. A review of the genetics and epigenetics of central precocious puberty. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1029137. [PMID: 36531492 PMCID: PMC9757059 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1029137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotrophin dependent sexual precocity, commonly referred to as central precocious puberty (CPP), results from a premature reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis before the normal age of pubertal onset. CPP is historically described as girls who enter puberty before the age of eight, and boys before the age of nine. Females are more likely to be diagnosed with idiopathic CPP; males diagnosed with CPP have a greater likelihood of a defined etiology. These etiologies may include underlying CNS congenital defects, tumors, trauma, or infections as well as environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Recently, genetic variants and mutations which may cause CPP have been identified at both the level of the hypothalamus and the pituitary. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), monogenetic mutations, and modifications of the epigenome have been evaluated in relationship to the onset of puberty; these variants are thought to affect the development, structure and function of GnRH neurons which may lead to either precocious, delayed, or absent pubertal reactivation. This review will describe recent advances in the field of the genetic basis of puberty and provide a clinically relevant approach to better understand these varying etiologies of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence A. Silverman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Goyreb Children’s Hospital – Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Lawrence A. Silverman,
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16
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Zhao C, Wang B, Liu Y, Feng C, Xu S, Wang W, Liu Q, Li J. New Evidence for the Existence of Two Kiss/Kissr Systems in a Flatfish Species, the Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus), and Stimulatory Effects on Gonadotropin Gene Expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:883608. [PMID: 35784551 PMCID: PMC9240279 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.883608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal reproduction is generally controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in fish. Previous studies have demonstrated that the kisspeptin (Kiss)/kisspeptin receptor (Kissr) system, a positive regulator of the HPG axis, mediates the responses to environmental cues. Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), a representative species of Pleuronectiformes, is one of the most commercially important fish species cultured in Europe and North China. However, the mechanisms by which the Kiss/Kissr system regulates the reproductive axis of turbot according to seasonal changes, especially photoperiod, have not been clearly characterized. In the current study, the cDNA sequences of kiss2/kissr2, along with kiss1/kissr3 which was thought to be lost in flatfish species, were cloned and functionally characterized. The kiss1, kiss2, and kissr3 transcripts were highly detected in the brain and gonad, while kissr2 mRNA was only abundantly expressed in the brain. Moreover, kiss/kissr mRNAs were further examined in various brain areas of both sexes. The kiss1, kissr2, kissr3 mRNAs were highly expressed in the mesencephalon, while a substantial degree of kiss2 transcripts were observed in the hypothalamus. During annual reproductive cycle, both kiss and kissr transcript levels declined significantly from the immature to mature stages and increased at the degeneration stage in the brains of both sexes, especially in the mesencephalon and hypothalamus. The ovarian kiss1, kiss2, and kissr2 mRNA levels were highest at the vitellogenic stage (mature stage), while expression of kissr3 was highest at the immature stage. The testicular kiss and kissr transcripts were highest in the immature and degeneration stages, and lowest at the mature stage. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of Kiss1-10 and Kiss2-10 significantly stimulated mRNA levels of pituitary lhβ, fhsβ, and gthα. In summary, two Kiss/Kissr systems were firstly proven in a flatfish species of turbot, and it has a positive involvement in controlling the reproduction of the Kiss/Kissr system in turbot. The results will provide preliminary information regarding how the Kiss/Kissr system controls seasonal reproduction in turbot broodstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Li,
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17
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Junco JA, Fuentes F, Millar RP. A dual kisspeptin-GnRH immunogen for reproductive immunosterilization. Vaccine 2021; 39:6437-6448. [PMID: 34489132 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
GnRH immunogens have been extensively employed in immunocontraception of animals. While they are effective, they are not 100% efficacious and of limited duration. GnRH secretion is dependent on upstream stimulation by kisspeptin. We therefore hypothesised that a dual immunogen combining GnRH and kisspeptin may be more efficacious through targeting two levels of the axis. We have previously shown GnRH immunogen elicits permanent sterilisation when sheep are vaccinated neonatally suggesting that the efficacy of GnRH immunisation may be dependent on the stage of reproductive development. We have now studied over 300 days the efficacy of immunisation with a dual immunogen comprising GnRH linked to kisspeptin via a hepatitis B T helper peptide sequence (GKT) administered to male and female rats prepubertally, pubertally and as adults. At all stages of development all immunised animals produced antibodies to GnRH, kisspeptin and GKT but differentially in titre with respect to sex and stage of development. In immunised adult, prepubertal and pubertal males testosterone and testes length was markedly reduced by 60 days and remained at low levels until day 150. Thereafter, testosterone recovered to pre immunisation levels and testes length increased to a maximum of about 40% of controls. 80% of males were infertile in three matings over 250 days. In prepubertal and pubertal female rats a single immunisation at day 0 reduced estradiol to low levels by day 60 which remained low until termination of the experiment on day 300. In matings of these females with fertile males on days 90, 120 and 250, 74% of prepubertal females were infertile and impressively, 100% (10/10) of pubertal females were infertile after a single immunisation on day 0. These findings set the scene for exploration of immunosterilisation of wild and domestic animals after a single immunisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus A Junco
- Prostate Cancer Department, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Camaguey. Ave Finlay y Circunvalación Norte, CP 70100 Camaguey, Cuba
| | - Franklin Fuentes
- Prostate Cancer Department, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Camaguey. Ave Finlay y Circunvalación Norte, CP 70100 Camaguey, Cuba
| | - Robert P Millar
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Gezina 0084, Pretoria, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
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18
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Yamazaki J, Meagawa S, Jelinek J, Yokoyama S, Nagata N, Yuki M, Takiguchi M. Obese status is associated with accelerated DNA methylation change in peripheral blood of senior dogs. Res Vet Sci 2021; 139:193-199. [PMID: 34358922 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated comorbidities constitute a major and growing health problem worldwide not only involved with people but also dogs and cats. Although few genetic mutations have been associated with obesity in dogs, molecular mechanism remains to be clearly understood. Given the fact that DNA methylation leads to gene expression variability and has plasticity affected by metabolic phenotypes such as obesity in human, the objective of this study is to identify obesity-associated differentially methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotide sites in dogs. With genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using next-generation sequencing for blood samples from fourteen Miniature dachshunds with body condition score (BCS) 4-5 and BCS ≥6, over 100,000 sites could be analysed to identify genomic locations of differentially methylated CpG sites. As a result, 191 differentially methylated CpG sites (89 CpG sites were hypermethylated in BCS ≥6 and 102 were hypermethylated in BCS 4-5) were identified. These sites included promoter regions of Kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) and Calcyphosine 2 (CAPS2) genes which were subsequently validated by bisulfite-pyrosequencing for another set of 157 dog blood samples. KISS1R methylation levels were found to be higher in BCS ≥6 group than BCS 4-5 in senior (>84 months) dogs. Especially male dogs but not female dogs as well as uncastrated male dogs but not castrated male dogs showed this trend. DNA methylation of KISS1R gene will be useful for understanding of comprehensive epigenetic change in obese dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Yamazaki
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Shinji Meagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tx, USA
| | | | - Shoko Yokoyama
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Masashi Yuki
- Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 Kiba-cho, Minato-ku, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
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19
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Mut A, Erel CT, İnan D, Öner YÖ. Serum kisspeptin levels correlated with anti-mullerian hormone levels in women with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:462-466. [PMID: 32964765 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1825670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective, cross-sectional, comparative study that included 70 women with PCOS and 58 non PCOS controls. PCOS patients were diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. Age, body mass index (BMI), number of menstrual cycles per year, and the Ferriman-Gallwey Score were determined for each woman. Serum levels of kisspeptin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), estradiol, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), AMH, fasting glucose and insulin were determined. RESULTS Women with PCOS were younger (p < .001), with higher BMI (p = .027) and glucose values (p < .001); while displaying less number of menstrual cycles per year (p < .001). Although serum kisspeptin levels were similar in both groups, age was negatively (r= -0.33, p = .00018) and serum AMH levels were positively correlated (r = 0.25, p = .0039) with the serum kisspeptin levels in women with the PCOS. After adjusting for age, serum kisspeptin levels were comparable in both groups (p > .05). Serum LH, AMH, DHEA-S and total testosterone glucose, insulin levels and HOMA-IR values were significantly higher in women with PCOS as compared to controls (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Serum kisspeptin levels were similar in women with and without PCOS but positively correlated with AMH serum levels in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Mut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemal Tamer Erel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz İnan
- Department of Statistics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yahya Özgün Öner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Bai GL, Hu KL, Huan Y, Wang X, Lei L, Zhang M, Guo CY, Chang HS, Zhao LB, Liu J, Shen ZF, Wang XL, Ni X. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuyou Formula Alleviates Precocious Puberty by Inhibiting GPR54/GnRH in the Hypothalamus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:596525. [PMID: 33551803 PMCID: PMC7859969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.596525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine Fuyou formula on precocious puberty (PP). The Fy formula may exert an effect in female rats with PP and GT-7 cells through the GPR54/GnRH signaling pathway. To confirm the effect of the Fy formula on PP through the GPR54/GnRH signaling pathway, we first treated GT1-7 cells with the Fy formula and observed changes in the expression of related genes and proteins and in GnRH secretion. Then, we randomly divided young female Sprague-Dawley rats into the control group, model group, leuprorelin group and the Fy formula group. A PP model was established by injection of danazol on postnatal day 5, and the Fy formula was administered on PND15. The time of vaginal opening, the wet weights of the ovary and uterus, serum hormone levels and the expression of hypothalamic-related genes were observed. We found that the Fy formula delayed vaginal opening, decreased the wet weights and coefficients of the ovary and uterus, decreased the levels of serum hormones (E2, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) and the cellular GnRH level, and downregulated the gene expression of Kiss1, GPR54 and GnRH in the hypothalamus and the gene and protein expression of GPR54 and GnRH in GT1-7 cells. In conclusion, the Fy formula may alleviate PP via the GPR54/GnRH signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Liang Bai
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Guo
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Bo Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu-Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Siahpoosh Z, Farsimadan M, Pazhohan M, Vaziri H, Mahmoudi Gomari M. KISS1R polymorphism rs587777844 (Tyr313His) is linked to female infertility. Br J Biomed Sci 2021; 78:98-100. [PMID: 33275081 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2020.1856496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Siahpoosh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan , Rasht, Iran
| | - M Farsimadan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan , Rasht, Iran
| | - M Pazhohan
- Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Vaziri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan , Rasht, Iran
| | - M Mahmoudi Gomari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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22
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Daghestani MH, Daghestani MH, Warsy A, El-Ansary A, Omair MA, Omair MA, Hassen LM, Alhumaidhi EMH, Al Qahtani B, Harrath AH. Adverse Effects of Selected Markers on the Metabolic and Endocrine Profiles of Obese Women With and Without PCOS. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665446. [PMID: 34122339 PMCID: PMC8188979 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study, is to investigate the influence of obesity, with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), on the levels of kisspeptin, vitamin D (Vit D), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to explore the relationship between these parameters and endocrine and metabolic variables. The study group included 126 obese Saudi females. Of these 63 were suffering from PCOS while the rest were normo-ovulatory obese women (non-PCOS obese). In the obese PCOS, VEGF was almost four times as high as in the non-PCOS obese, while kisspeptin and Vit D did not differ. A highly significant elevation was recorded in the waist/hip (WHR), cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting glucose, LH, LH/FSH ratio, estradiol (E2), and testosterone, while hip circumference, leptin, progesterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were lower in the obese PCOS subjects. BMI, HDL-C, ghrelin, insulin, and FSH levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. The obese PCOS had the same level of insulin resistance as the non-PCOS group, as judged by QUICK Index. Correlation studies showed a significant negative correlation between kisspeptin and glucose and LH levels, and a positive correlation with LH/FSH ratio in obese PCOS while in the non-PCOS obese, the kisspeptin correlated positively with glucose, and there was no correlation with LH or LH/FSH. VEGF negatively correlated with FSH and positively with LH/FSH ratio in the non-PCOS obese but this was lost in the obese PCOS. PCOS had no effect on the correlation between Vit D and all studied parameters. Multiple regression analysis showed triglyceride as predictor variable for kisspeptin as a dependent variable, while, leptin is a predictor variable for VEGF as a dependent variable. ROC studies showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for VEGF (AOC=1.00), followed by LH/FSH ratio (AOC=0.979). In conclusion, our study shows that PCOS results in significant elevation of VEGF in obese females, while kisspeptin and Vit D levels are not affected. It also leads to elevation in several of the lipid and hormonal abnormalities in the obese females. In addition, PCOS influences relationship between Kisspeptin and VEGF and some parameters such as glucose, LH or FSH and LH/FSH ratio in obese females, but does not affect Vit D relationship with other parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin H. Daghestani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Medical College, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H. Daghestani
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arjumand Warsy
- Central Laboratory, Center for Science and Medical Studies for Girls, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Center for Science and Medical Studies for Girls, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Omair
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. Omair
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lena M. Hassen
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman MH. Alhumaidhi
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashaer Al Qahtani
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Abdel Halim Harrath,
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23
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Meccariello R, Fasano S, Pierantoni R. Kisspeptins, new local modulators of male reproduction: A comparative overview. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 299:113618. [PMID: 32950583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process that leads to the production of male gametes within the testis through the coordination of mitotic, meiotic and differentiation events, under a deep control of endocrine, paracrine and autocrine modulators along the Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis. The kisspeptin system plays a fundamental role along the HPG axis as it is the main positive modulator upstream of the hypothalamic neurons that secrete the Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), the decapeptide that supports pituitary gonadotropins and the production of gonadal sex steroid. Currently, kisspeptins and their receptor, KISS1R, have a recognized activity in the central control of puberty onset, sex maturation, reproduction and sex-steroid feedback mechanisms in both animal models and human. However, kisspeptin signaling has been widely reported in peripheral tissues, particularly in the testis of mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates, with functions related to Leydig cells physiology and steroid biosynthesis, spermatogenesis progression and spermatozoa functions, but its mandatory role within the testis is still a matter of discussion. This review provides a summary of the main intratesticular effects of kisspeptin in vertebrates, via a comparative approach. Particular emphasis was devoted to data from the anuran amphibian Pelophylax esculentus, the first animal model in which the direct intratesticular activity of kisspeptin was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Meccariello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fasano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pierantoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
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24
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Winters SJ. SHBG and total testosterone levels in men with adult onset hypogonadism: what are we overlooking? Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2020; 6:17. [PMID: 33014416 PMCID: PMC7526370 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-020-00106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult onset male hypogonadism (AOH) is a common clinical condition whose diagnosis and management are controversial, and is often characterized by a low level of SHBG, but our understanding of why testosterone levels are low when SHBG is low is incomplete. Methods This retrospective chart review was performed to compare the relationship between SHBG and testosterone in the plasma of men presenting for evaluation of AOH with a cohort of men treated chronically with transdermal testosterone. Results The level of SHBG was < 30 nmol/L in 73% of men who presented for evaluation of AOH, and was inversely proportional to BMI in both the untreated and the testosterone-treated men. As in previous populations, the level of SHBG was highly positively correlated (r = 0.71, p < 0.01) with the total testosterone level in untreated men presenting for evaluation of AOH, but no relationship was found between the level of SHBG and total testosterone among men who were being treated with a transdermal testosterone preparation. Conclusions These findings further support the idea that SHBG regulates testicular negative feedback either directly or by modulating the entry of testosterone or estradiol into cells in the hypothalamus and/or pituitary to control gonadotropin synthesis and secretion which explains in part the low testosterone levels in men with AOH. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Winters
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Louisville, ACB-A3G11, 550 Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
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25
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Potential Cardiovascular and Metabolic Beneficial Effects of ω-3 PUFA in Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092519. [PMID: 32825328 PMCID: PMC7551945 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are fundamental biocomponents of lipids and cell membranes. They are involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and they are able to exert anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective actions. Thanks to their potential beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, metabolic axis and body composition, we have examined their action in subjects affected by male obesity secondary hypogonadism (MOSH) syndrome. MOSH syndrome is characterized by the presence of obesity associated with the alteration of sexual and metabolic functions. Therefore, this review article aims to analyze scientific literature regarding the possible benefits of ω-3 PUFA administration in subjects affected by MOSH syndrome. We conclude that there are strong evidences supporting ω-3 PUFA administration and/or supplementation for the treatment and management of MOSH patients.
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26
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Kisspeptin has an independent and direct effect on the pituitary gland in the mare. Theriogenology 2020; 157:199-209. [PMID: 32814247 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To more clearly understand the equine gonadotrope response to kisspeptin and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), peripheral LH and FSH were quantified in diestrous mares after treatment with either equine kisspeptide (eKp-10, 0.5 mg iv), GnRH (25 μg iv), or a combination thereof every 4 h for 3 days. The following observations were made: 1) a diminished LH and FSH response to eKp-10 and GnRH was observed by Day 3, but was not different by treatment, 2) a decrease in basal LH concentration was observed from Day 1 to Day 3 for the eKp-10, but not the GnRH treated mares, 3) there was no change in basal FSH with either treatment. Additionally, pre-treatment with GnRH antagonist (antide 1.0 mg iv) eliminated any measurable change in LH after eKp-10 (1.0 mg iv) treatment. Both GnRH and kisspeptin are Gαq/11 coupled receptors, therefore quantifying the rise in intracellular calcium following treatment with cognate ligand allows simultaneous assessment of receptor activation. Direct stimulation of equine primary pituitary cells with GnRH and/or eKp-10 demonstrates three distinct populations of pituitary cells: one population responded to both eKp-10 and GnRH, a second, independent population, responded to only eKp-10, and a third population responded only to GnRH. These populations were confirmed using co-immunofluorescence of hemipituitaries from mares in diestrus. Although the rise in peripheral LH concentration elicited by eKp-10 is dependent on GnRH, this work suggests that kisspeptin also has a specific and direct effect on the equine gonadotrope, independent of GnRH.
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27
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Zhu N, Zhao M, Song Y, Ding L, Ni Y. The KiSS-1/GPR54 system: Essential roles in physiological homeostasis and cancer biology. Genes Dis 2020; 9:28-40. [PMID: 35005105 PMCID: PMC8720660 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
KiSS-1, first identified as an anti-metastasis gene in melanoma, encodes C-terminally amidated peptide products, including kisspeptin-145, kisspeptin-54, kisspeptin-14, kisspeptin-13 and kisspeptin-10. These products are endogenous ligands coupled to G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54)/hOT7T175/AXOR12. To date, the regulatory activities of the KiSS-1/GPR54 system, such as puberty initiation, antitumor metastasis, fertility in adulthood, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis) feedback, and trophoblast invasion, have been investigated intensively. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that KiSS-1 played a key role in reproduction and served as a promising biomarker relative to the diagnosis, identification of therapeutic targets and prognosis in various carcinomas, while few studies have systematically summarized its subjective factors and concluded the functions of KiSS-1/GPR54 signaling in physiology homeostasis and cancer biology. In this review, we retrospectively summarized the regulators of the KiSS-1/GPR54 system in different animal models and reviewed its functions according to physiological homeostasis regulations and above all, cancer biology, which provided us with a profound understanding of applying the KiSS-1/GPR54 system into medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Mengxiang Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Yuxian Song
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Liang Ding
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
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28
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Sinchak K, Mohr MA, Micevych PE. Hypothalamic Astrocyte Development and Physiology for Neuroprogesterone Induction of the Luteinizing Hormone Surge. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:420. [PMID: 32670203 PMCID: PMC7333179 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits in female rats sequentially exposed to estradiol and progesterone underlie so-called estrogen positive feedback that induce the surge release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to ovulation and luteinization of the corpus hemorrhagicum. It is now well-established that gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons express neither the reproductively critical estrogen receptor-α (ERα) nor classical progesterone receptor (PGR). Estradiol from developing ovarian follicles acts on ERα-expressing kisspeptin neurons in the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle (RP3V) to induce PGR expression, and kisspeptin release. Circulating estradiol levels that induce positive feedback also induce neuroprogesterone (neuroP) synthesis in hypothalamic astrocytes. This local neuroP acts on kisspeptin neurons that express PGR to augment kisspeptin expression and release needed to stimulate GnRH release, triggering the LH surge. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that neuroP signaling in kisspeptin neurons occurs through membrane PGR activation of Src family kinase (Src). This signaling cascade has been also implicated in PGR signaling in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, suggesting that Src may be a common mode of membrane PGR signaling. Sexual maturation requires that signaling between neuroP synthesizing astrocytes, kisspeptin and GnRH neurons be established. Prior to puberty, estradiol does not facilitate the synthesis of neuroP in hypothalamic astrocytes. During pubertal development, levels of membrane ERα increase in astrocytes coincident with an increase of PKA phosphorylation needed for neuroP synthesis. Currently, it is not clear whether these developmental changes occur in existing astrocytes or are due to a new population of astrocytes born during puberty. However, strong evidence suggests that it is the former. Blocking new cell addition during puberty attenuates the LH surge. Together these results demonstrate the importance of pubertal maturation involving hypothalamic astrocytes, estradiol-induced neuroP synthesis and membrane-initiated progesterone signaling for the CNS control of ovulation and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sinchak
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Margaret A Mohr
- The Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul E Micevych
- The Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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29
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Wang T, Cao Z, Shen Z, Yang J, Chen X, Yang Z, Xu K, Xiang X, Yu Q, Song Y, Wang W, Tian Y, Sun L, Zhang L, Guo S, Zhou N. Existence and functions of a kisspeptin neuropeptide signaling system in a non-chordate deuterostome species. eLife 2020; 9:53370. [PMID: 32513385 PMCID: PMC7282810 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kisspeptin system is a central modulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in vertebrates. Its existence outside the vertebrate lineage remains largely unknown. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the kisspeptin system in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The gene encoding the kisspeptin precursor generates two mature neuropeptides, AjKiss1a and AjKiss1b. The receptors for these neuropeptides, AjKissR1 and AjKissR2, are strongly activated by synthetic A. japonicus and vertebrate kisspeptins, triggering a rapid intracellular mobilization of Ca2+, followed by receptor internalization. AjKissR1 and AjKissR2 share similar intracellular signaling pathways via Gαq/PLC/PKC/MAPK cascade, when activated by C-terminal decapeptide. The A. japonicus kisspeptin system functions in multiple tissues that are closely related to seasonal reproduction and metabolism. Overall, our findings uncover for the first time the existence and function of the kisspeptin system in a non-chordate species and provide new evidence to support the ancient origin of intracellular signaling and physiological functions that are mediated by this molecular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.,Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Zheng Cao
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangfei Shen
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.,Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Xu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ke Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xiaowei Xiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Qiuhan Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yimin Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Su Guo
- Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Naiming Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Mason KA, Schoelwer MJ, Rogol AD. Androgens During Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence: Physiology and Use in Clinical Practice. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5770947. [PMID: 32115641 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We provide an in-depth review of the role of androgens in male maturation and development, from the fetal stage through adolescence into emerging adulthood, and discuss the treatment of disorders of androgen production throughout these time periods. Testosterone, the primary androgen produced by males, has both anabolic and androgenic effects. Androgen exposure induces virilization and anabolic body composition changes during fetal development, influences growth and virilization during infancy, and stimulates development of secondary sexual characteristics, growth acceleration, bone mass accrual, and alterations of body composition during puberty. Disorders of androgen production may be subdivided into hypo- or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism may be either congenital or acquired (resulting from cranial radiation, trauma, or less common causes). Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism occurs in males with Klinefelter syndrome and may occur in response to pelvic radiation, certain chemotherapeutic agents, and less common causes. These disorders all require testosterone replacement therapy during pubertal maturation and many require lifelong replacement. Androgen (or gonadotropin) therapy is clearly beneficial in those with persistent hypogonadism and self-limited delayed puberty and is now widely used in transgender male adolescents. With more widespread use and newer formulations approved for adults, data from long-term randomized placebo-controlled trials are needed to enable pediatricians to identify the optimal age of initiation, route of administration, and dosing frequency to address the unique needs of their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Alan D Rogol
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Hu KL, Chang HM, Zhao HC, Yu Y, Li R, Qiao J. Potential roles for the kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptor system in implantation and placentation. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:326-343. [PMID: 30649364 PMCID: PMC6450039 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initially identified as suppressors of metastasis in various types of cancer, kisspeptins are a family of neuropeptides that are key regulators of the mammalian reproductive axis. Accumulating evidence has shown that kisspeptin is able to control both the pulsatile and surge GnRH release, playing fundamental roles in female reproduction, which include the secretion of gonadotropins, puberty onset, brain sex differentiation, ovulation and the metabolic regulation of fertility. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of the kisspeptin system in the processes of implantation and placentation. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathophysiological role and utility of these local placental regulatory factors as potential biomarkers during the early human gestation. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE A successful pregnancy, from the initiation of embryo implantation to parturition, is a complex process that requires the orchestration of a series of events. This review aims to concisely summarize what is known about the role of the kisspeptin system in implantation, placentation, early human pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders, and to develop strategies for predicting, diagnosing and treating these abnormalities. SEARCH METHODS Using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, we performed comprehensive literature searches in the English language describing the advancement of kisspeptins and the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) in implantation, placentation and early pregnancy in humans, since its initial identification in 1996 and ending in July 2018. OUTCOMES Recent studies have shown the coordinated spatial and temporal expression patterns of kisspeptins and KISS1R during human pregnancy. The experimental data gathered recently suggest putative roles of kisspeptin signaling in the regulation of trophoblast invasion, embryo implantation, placentation and early pregnancy. Dysregulation of the kisspeptin system may negatively affect the processes of implantation as well as placentation. Clinical studies indicate that the circulating levels of kisspeptins or the expression levels of kisspeptin/KISS1R in the placental tissues may be used as potential diagnostic markers for women with miscarriage and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Comprehensive research on the pathophysiological role of the kisspeptin/KISS1R system in implantation and placentation will provide a dynamic and powerful approach to understanding the processes of early pregnancy, with potential applications in observational and analytic screening as well as the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of implantation failure and early pregnancy-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lun Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Cui Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Szeliga A, Podfigurna A, Bala G, Meczekalski B. Kisspeptin and neurokinin B analogs use in gynecological endocrinology: where do we stand? J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:555-561. [PMID: 31838714 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have found that kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin neurons (KNDy neurons) in the infundibular nucleus play a crucial role in the reproductive axis. Analogs, both agonists and antagonists, of kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) are particularly important in explaining the physiological role of KNDy in the reproductive axis in animals. The use of kisspeptin and NKB analogs has helped elucidate the regulators of the hypothalamic reproductive axis. PURPOSE This review describes therapeutic uses of Kiss-1 and NKB agonists, most obviously the use of kisspeptin agonists in the treatment for infertility and the induction of ovulation. Kisspeptin antagonists may have potential clinical applications in patients suffering from diseases associated with enhanced LH pulse frequency, such as polycystic ovary syndrome or menopause. The inhibition of pubertal development using Kiss antagonists may be used as a therapeutic option in precocious puberty. Kisspeptin antagonists have been found capable of inhibiting ovulation and have been proposed as novel contraceptives. Hypothalamic amenorrhea and delayed puberty are conditions in which normalization of LH secretion may potentially be achieved by treatment with both kisspeptin and NKB agonists. NKB antagonists are used to treat vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women, providing rapid relief of symptoms while supplanting the need for exogenous estrogen exposure. CONCLUSIONS There is a wide spectrum of therapeutic uses of Kiss-1 and NKB agonists, including the management of infertility, treatment for PCOS, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea or postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms, as well as contraceptive issues. Nevertheless, further research is needed before kisspeptin and NKB analogs are fully incorporated in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szeliga
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Podfigurna
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
| | - G Bala
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
| | - B Meczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna Street, 60-535, Poznan, Poland.
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Fernandez CJ, Chacko EC, Pappachan JM. Male Obesity-related Secondary Hypogonadism - Pathophysiology, Clinical Implications and Management. EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2019; 15:83-90. [PMID: 31616498 PMCID: PMC6785957 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2019.15.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The single most significant risk factor for testosterone deficiency in men is obesity. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in male obesity-related secondary hypogonadism are highly complex. Obesity-induced increase in levels of leptin, insulin, proinflammatory cytokines and oestrogen can cause a functional hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with the defect present at the level of the hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. The resulting hypogonadism by itself can worsen obesity, creating a self-perpetuating cycle. Obesity-induced hypogonadism is reversible with substantial weight loss. Lifestyle-measures form the cornerstone of management as they can potentially improve androgen deficiency symptoms irrespective of their effect on testosterone levels. In selected patients, bariatric surgery can reverse the obesity-induced hypogonadism. If these measures fail to relieve symptoms and to normalise testosterone levels, in appropriately selected men, testosterone replacement therapy could be started. Aromatase inhibitors and selective oestrogen receptor modulators are not recommended due to lack of consistent clinical trial-based evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius J Fernandez
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - Elias C Chacko
- Department of Endocrinology, Jersey General Hospital, St Helier, Jersey
| | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
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Tesema B, Zhao JY, Jiang XP, Liu GQ, Han YG, Wassie T. Kisspeptin recombinant oral vaccine: A master gene vaccine inhibiting the reproductive physiology and behavior of ram lambs. Vaccine 2019; 37:4630-4636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rather MA, Dutta S, Guttula PK, Dhandare BC, Yusufzai SI, Zafar MI. Structural analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of G-protein-coupled receptor (kisspeptin) in fish. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2422-2439. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1633407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ashraf Rather
- Department of Fisheries Biology, College of Fisheries, Fish Biotechnology Laboratory, Shirgaon, Rantagiri, Maharasthra, India
| | - Subhajit Dutta
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Bhushan C. Dhandare
- Department of Fisheries Biology, College of Fisheries, Fish Biotechnology Laboratory, Shirgaon, Rantagiri, Maharasthra, India
| | - S. I. Yusufzai
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Science, JAU, Veraval, India
| | - Mehar Imran Zafar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Virtual University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Macedo G, Mingoti R, Batista E, Monteiro B, Vieira L, Barletta R, Wiltbank M, Nogueira G, Rennó F, Maio J, Baruselli P. Profile of LH release in response to intramuscular treatment with kisspeptin in Bos indicus and Bos taurus prepubertal heifers. Theriogenology 2019; 125:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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D'Occhio MJ, Baruselli PS, Campanile G. Influence of nutrition, body condition, and metabolic status on reproduction in female beef cattle: A review. Theriogenology 2019; 125:277-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Hu KL, Zhao H, Min Z, He Y, Li T, Zhen X, Ren Y, Chang HM, Yu Y, Li R. Increased Expression of KISS1 and KISS1 Receptor in Human Granulosa Lutein Cells-Potential Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:1429-1438. [PMID: 30595091 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118818899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptins are a family of neuropeptides that are essential for fertility. Recent experimental data suggest a putative role of kisspeptin signaling in the direct control of ovarian function. To explore the expression of KISS1 and KISS1 receptor (KISS1R) in human granulosa lutein cells and the potential role of KISS1/KISS1R system in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), we measured the concentration of KISS1 in follicular fluid, the expression of KISS1 and KISS1R in granulosa lutein cells, and the circulating hormones. The expression levels of KISS1 and KISS1R were significantly upregulated in human granulosa lutein cells obtained from women with PCOS. The expression levels of KISS1 in human granulosa lutein cells highly correlated with those of KISS1R in non-PCOS patients, but not in patients with PCOS, most likely due to the divergent expression patterns in women with PCOS. Additionally, the expression levels of KISS1 highly correlated with the serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). The expression levels of KISS1 and KISS1R, as well as the follicular fluid levels of KISS1, were not significantly different between the pregnant and nonpregnant patients in both PCOS and non-PCOS groups. In conclusion, the increased expression of KISS1 and KISS1R in human granulosa lutein cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS. The expression levels of KISS1 highly correlated with the serum levels of AMH. The KISS1 and KISS1R system in the ovary may not have a remarkable role in predicting the in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lun Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongcui Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheying Min
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilei He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Zhen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Effect of kisspeptin antagonist on goat in vitro Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Theriogenology 2018; 121:134-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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40
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Rotter I, Rył A, Grzesiak K, Szylińska A, Pawlukowska W, Lubkowska A, Sipak-Szmigiel O, Pabisiak K, Laszczyńska M. Cross-Sectional Inverse Associations of Obesity and Fat Accumulation Indicators with Testosterone in Non-Diabetic Aging Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061207. [PMID: 29890654 PMCID: PMC6025180 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction/Objective: The aim of the study was to show which of the adipose tissue accumulation indicators correlate with testosterone disorders in non-diabetic aging men. Material and methods: 455 non diabetic men, recruited at primary care facilities, aged 50⁻75 participated in the study. The participants underwent anthropometric measurement and ELISA determination of total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E₂), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), sex hormone binding protein (SHBG), and the determination of fasting glucose (FPG), high-density lipids cholesterol (HDL-Ch), and triacylglycerols (TAG) in serum. The following indicators were calculated: body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and visceral adiposity index (VAI). Results: Men with testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) differed in each of the assessed obesity indices from those without TDS. All of the studied parameters correlated significantly negatively with TT concentration in blood serum, with VAI being the strongest predictor of TDS. It was shown that the threshold value at which the risk of TDS increased was 28.41 kg/m² for BMI, 1.58 for VAI, 104 cm for WC, and 37.01 for LAP. Conclusions: Indicators of fat accumulation that take into account biochemical parameters in assessing lipid metabolism are better markers of actual body fat deposition than indicators based solely on anthropometric measurements. Among them, VAI seems the most suitable biomarker of TDS in non-diabetic aging men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Rył
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Grzesiak
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szylińska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Wioletta Pawlukowska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Physical Medicine and Functional Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Olimpia Sipak-Szmigiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Pabisiak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Maria Laszczyńska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland.
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Ding G, Tian Y, Zhou Z, Wang X, Shen L, Huang H. Association between bisphenol a exposure and idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) among school-aged girls in Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 115:410-416. [PMID: 29650233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known and widely used endocrine disrupter, but data on its association with childhood reproductive development are limited. OBJECTIVES We investigated the possible relationship between exposure to BPA and idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) in school-aged girls. METHODS We conducted a 1:1 matched case-control study in Shanghai, China, between July 2011 and September 2012. This study included 136 school-aged (6 to 9 years old) girls diagnosed with ICPP and 136 controls matched for age and body mass index (BMI). We measured the urinary BPA concentrations of all the girls and examined the association with odds of having ICPP. Laboratory examinations including serum estradiol (E2) levels, basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, bone ages (BA), and uterine and ovarian sizes were conducted in the ICPP girls. RESULTS Median concentrations of urinary BPA in the ICPP and control groups were 6.35 and 1.17 μg/g creatinine (Cr), respectively (p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, compared to those with the lowest concentrations of BPA, the highest concentrations were associated with a 9.08-fold increased odds of having ICPP [odds ratio (OR) = 9.08, (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.83-29.15)]. In the ICPP group, modest negative correlation was present between urinary BPA concentrations (μg/g Cr) and peak FSH levels [β = -0.090 (95% CI: -0.178, -0.003), p = 0.044]. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that BPA exposure is associated with increased odds of having ICPP in school-aged girls, and the potential mechanism may be attributable to the relatively low FSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingcan Wang
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neonatology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guodong Ding
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Lab for Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lixiao Shen
- Department of Children Health Care, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Huang
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Rehman R, Jamil Z, Khalid A, Fatima SS. Cross talk between serum Kisspeptin-Leptin during assisted reproduction techniques. Pak J Med Sci 2018; 34:342-346. [PMID: 29805405 PMCID: PMC5954376 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.342.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objective: Leptin facilitates onset of puberty by impact on hypothalamic Kisspeptin, gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormone. The link of peripheral Leptin-Kisspeptin in regulating the ovarian and endometrial tissue in relation to adiposity is unknown. Therefore, we wanted to identify Kisspeptin-Leptin association with body mass index (BMI) and success of assisted reproductive treatments (ART) in infertile females. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried from August 2014 till May 2016 after receiving ethical approval at Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre, and Aga Khan University. The study group comprised of females with an age range of 25-37 year who had duration of unexplained infertility for more than two years. They were grouped as; underweight (<18 kg/m2), normal weight (18-22.9 kg/m2), overweight 23-24.99 kg/m2 and obese (>25 kg/m2). Kisspeptin and Leptin levels were measured by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay before down regulation of ovaries and initiation of treatment protocol of ART. Failure of procedure was detected by beta human chorionic gonadotropin <25mIU/ml (non-pregnant) whereas females with levels >25mIU/ml and cardiac activity on trans-vaginal scan were declared pregnant. Results: Highest Kisspeptin and Leptin levels were seen in normal weight group (374.80 ± 185.08ng/L; 12.78 ± 6.8 pg/ml) respectively, yet the highest number of clinical pregnancy was observed in overweight group (42%).A strong correlation of Kisspeptin with Leptin (r=0.794, p=0.001) was observed in the overweight females. Conclusion: Leptin-Kisspeptin-fertility link is expressed by maximum number of clinical pregnancies in the female group that showed strongest relationship between serum Leptin and Kisspeptin levels, irrespective of their BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Rehman
- Rehana Rehman, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Jamil
- Zehra Jamil, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Khalid
- Aqsa Khalid, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sadia Fatima
- Syeda Sadia Fatima, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
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De Sanctis V, Soliman AT, Yassin MA, Di Maio S, Daar S, Elsedfy H, Soliman N, Kattamis C. Hypogonadism in male thalassemia major patients: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2018; 89:6-15. [PMID: 29451224 PMCID: PMC6179033 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i2-s.7082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Failure of pubertal growth, delay or absence of sexual development, infertility and sexual dysfunction due to hypogonadism and defective spermatogenesis are frequent and well recognized disturbances among male patients with transfusion dependent (TD) thalassaemia major (β-thal). These problems are attributed mainly to the damage caused by chronic anaemia and the deposition of excess iron in the pituitary gland and testicles. This is a short review of male pubertal disorders in patients with β-thal written by pediatric endocrinologists and haematologists with an interest and active involvement, in the diagnosis and management of these complications in this group of patients. A vigilant clinical evaluation of growth and puberty, as well as an appropriate hormonal evaluation in poly-transfused (TD β-thal) patients is strongly recommended for early detection and treatment of endocrine dysfunction. Of crucial importance also, is the implementation of an efficient chelation regime from early life, to prevent severe iron load and permanent damage to the endocrine glands, particularly those responsible for gonadal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo De Sanctis
- Pediatric and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, Quisisana Hospital, Ferrara, Italy.
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Fabre-Nys C, Cognié J, Dufourny L, Ghenim M, Martinet S, Lasserre O, Lomet D, Millar RP, Ohkura S, Suetomi Y. The Two Populations of Kisspeptin Neurons Are Involved in the Ram-Induced LH Pulsatile Secretion and LH Surge in Anestrous Ewes. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3914-3928. [PMID: 28938486 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a ram during spring stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and can induce ovulation in sexually quiescent ewes ("ram effect"). Kisspeptin (Kiss) present in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the preoptic area (POA) is a potent stimulators of LH secretion. Our aim was to investigate whether Kiss neurons mediate the increase in LH secretion during the ram effect. With double immunofluorescent detection, we identified Kiss neurons (Kiss IR) activated (Fos IR) by exposure to a ram for 2 hours (M2) or 12 hours (M12) or to ewes for 2 hours (C). The density of cells Kiss + Fos IR and the proportion of Kiss IR cells that were also Fos IR cells were higher in M2 and M12 than in C in ARC (P < 0.002) and POA (P < 0.02). In ARC, these parameters were also higher in M12 than in M2 (P < 0.02 and P < 0.05). Kiss antagonist (P234 10-6M) administered by retrodialysis in POA for 3 hours at the time of introduction of the ram reduced the amplitude of the male-induced increase in LH concentration compared with solvent (P < 0.02). In ARC, P234 had a more limited effect (P < 0.038 1 hour after P234) but pulse frequency increased less than after solvent (P = 0.07). In contrast, Kiss antagonist (P271 10-4M) infused in ARC but not POA 6 to 18 hours after introduction of the ram prevented the LH surge in the ewe (0/6 vs 4/5 and 4/6 in C). These results suggest that both populations of Kiss neurons are involved in the ram-induced pulsatile LH secretion and in the LH surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Fabre-Nys
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 135, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Juliette Cognié
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 135, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Laurence Dufourny
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 135, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Meriem Ghenim
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 135, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Stephanie Martinet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 135, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Olivier Lasserre
- INRA Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Lomet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 135, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Robert P Millar
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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Abstract
Kisspeptins (KPs) and their receptor (GPR54 or KiSS1R) play a key-role in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and are therefore interesting targets for therapeutic interventions in the field of reproductive endocrinology. As dogs show a rapid and robust LH response after the administration of KP10, they can serve as a good animal model for research concerning KP signaling. The aims of the present study were to test the antagonistic properties of KP analogs p234, p271, p354, and p356 in vitro, by determining the intracellular Ca2+ response of CHEM1 cells that stably express human GPR54, and to study the in vivo effects of these peptides on basal plasma LH concentration and the KP10-induced LH response in female dogs. Exposure of the CHEM1 cells to KP-10 resulted in a clear Ca2+ response. P234, p271, p354, and p356 did not prevent or lower the KP10-induced Ca2+ response. Moreover, the in vivo studies in the dogs showed that none of these supposed antagonists lowered the basal plasma LH concentration and none of the peptides lowered the KP10-induced LH response. In conclusion, p234, p271, p354, and p356 had no antagonistic effects in vitro nor any effect on basal and kisspeptin-stimulated plasma LH concentration in female dogs.
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Rather MA, Basha SH, Bhat IA, Sharma N, Nandanpawar P, Badhe M, P GB, Chaudhari A, Sundaray JK, Sharma R. Characterization, molecular docking, dynamics simulation and metadynamics of kisspeptin receptor with kisspeptin. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:241-253. [PMID: 28336274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report molecular characterization of the kisspeptin receptor (kiss1r), an essential gatekeeper for reproduction and onset of puberty in vertebrates. The full-length cDNA sequence of kiss1r is 1786bp which consist of 5' UTR (untranslated region) 261bp, 3' UTR of 424bp and open reading frame of 1101 encoding a putative protein of 366 amino acids. Basal tissue expression pattern of kiss1r mRNA revealed that it is mainly expressed in the brain and testis. We also report the structure of the kiss1r, along with plausible activation mechanism of this receptor by kisspeptin using computational modelling and dynamic simulation approach of multiple 100ns of timescale. A present modelling and simulations studies shed light on the molecular level of interaction, suggesting that direct hydrogen bonds between ASN4, SER5, GLY7, ARG9 and PHE10 of kisspeptin and TRP7, ASN8, GLU11, ILE17, ASN19 and TYR183 of kiss1r could be crucial role players in initial binding of receptor and the kisspeptin towards allosteric modulatory effects of kisspeptin on the receptor. To the best our knowledge, this is the first report on computational modelling and molecular dynamic simulations of kiss1r in animals shedding light on its possible mode of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ashraf Rather
- Department of Fisheries Biology, College of Fisheries Shirgaon, Rantagiri, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Syed Hussain Basha
- Innovative Informatica Technologies, Mayurinagar, Miyapur, Hyderabad, 500 049, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-61, India
| | - Niti Sharma
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Regional Centre, Guwahati, Assam, 781 006, India
| | - Priyanka Nandanpawar
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Odisha, 751 002, India
| | - Mohan Badhe
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Odisha, 751 002, India
| | - Gireesh-Babu P
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-61, India
| | - Aparna Chaudhari
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-61, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Sundaray
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Odisha, 751 002, India
| | - Rupam Sharma
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-61, India
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Marraudino M, Miceli D, Farinetti A, Ponti G, Panzica G, Gotti S. Kisspeptin innervation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: sexual dimorphism and effect of estrous cycle in female mice. J Anat 2017; 230:775-786. [PMID: 28295274 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is the major autonomic output area of the hypothalamus and a critical regulatory center for energy homeostasis. The organism's energetic balance is very important for both the regular onset of puberty and regulation of fertility. Several studies have suggested a relationship among neural circuits controlling food intake, energy homeostasis and the kisspeptin peptide. The kisspeptin system is clustered in two main groups of cell bodies [the anterior ventral periventricular region (AVPV) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC)] projecting mainly to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and to a few other locations, including the PVN. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of the kisspeptin fibers within the PVN of adult CD1 mice. We observed a significant sexual dimorphism for AVPV and ARC, as well as for the PVN innervation. Kisspeptin fibers showed a different density within the PVN, being denser in the medial part than in the lateral one; moreover, in female, the density changed, according to different phases of the estrous cycle (the highest density being in estrus phase). The presence of a profound effect of estrous cycle on the kisspeptin immunoreactivity in AVPV (with a higher signal in estrus) and ARC, and the strong co-localization between kisspeptin and NkB only in ARC and not in PVN suggested that the majority of the kisspeptin fibers found in the PVN might arise directly from AVPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Marraudino
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Dèsirèe Miceli
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alice Farinetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ponti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - GianCarlo Panzica
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Stefano Gotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
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Sharma RP, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. Review on crosstalk and common mechanisms of endocrine disruptors: Scaffolding to improve PBPK/PD model of EDC mixture. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 99:1-14. [PMID: 27697394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) are environment chemicals that cause harmful effects through multiple mechanisms, interfering with hormone system resulting in alteration of homeostasis, reproduction and developmental effect. Many of these EDCs have concurrent exposure with crosstalk and common mechanisms which may lead to dynamic interactions. To carry out risk assessment of EDCs' mixture, it is important to know the detailed toxic pathway, crosstalk of receptor and other factors like critical window of exposure. In this review, we summarize the major mechanism of actions of EDCs with the different/same target organs interfering with the same/different class of hormone by altering their synthesis, metabolism, binding and cellular action. To show the impact of EDCs on life stage development, a case study on female fertility affecting germ cell is illustrated. Based on this summarized discussion, major groups of EDCs are classified based on their target organ, mode of action and potential risk. Finally, a conceptual model of pharmacodynamic interaction is proposed to integrate the crosstalk and common mechanisms that modulate estrogen into the predictive mixture dosimetry model with dynamic interaction of mixture. This review will provide new insight for EDCs' risk assessment and can be used to develop next generation PBPK/PD models for EDCs' mixture analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Prasad Sharma
- Center of Environmental Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Center of Environmental Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Center of Environmental Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Bauman BM, Yin W, Gore AC, Wu TJ. Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-(1-5) Signaling Genes by Estradiol Is Age Dependent. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:282. [PMID: 29163355 PMCID: PMC5663685 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a key regulatory molecule of the hypothalamus-pituitary (PIT)-gonadal (HPG) axis that ultimately leads to the downstream release of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P). These gonadal steroids feed back to the hypothalamus and PIT to regulate reproductive function and behavior. While GnRH is thought to be the master regulator of reproduction, its metabolic product GnRH-(1-5) is also biologically active. Thimet oligopeptidase 1 (also known as EP24.15) cleaves GnRH to form GnRH-(1-5). GnRH-(1-5) is involved in regulation of the HPG axis, exerting its actions through a pair of orphan G protein-coupled receptors, GPR101 and GPR173. The physiological importance of GnRH-(1-5) signaling has been studied in several contexts, but its potential role during reproductive senescence is poorly understood. We used an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of reproductive senescence to assess whether and how GnRH-(1-5) signaling genes in hypothalamic subnuclei change in response to aging and/or different estradiol replacement regimens designed to model clinical hormone replacement in women. We found that Gpr101 and Gpr173 mRNA expression was increased with age in the arcuate nucleus, while expression of Gpr173 and EP24.15 increased with age in the medial preoptic area. Treatment with E2 in younger OVX animals increased expression of Gpr101, Gpr173, and EP24.15. However, older animals treated with E2 showed decreased expression of these GnRH-(1-5) signaling genes, displaying an age-related decline in responsiveness to E2. To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically assess the effects of age and different clinically relevant regimens of E2 replacement on GnRH-(1-5) signaling genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradly M. Bauman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Weiling Yin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Andrea C. Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - T. John Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: T. John Wu,
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50
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Identification of genes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis in the brain of Amur sturgeons (Acipenser schrenckii) by comparative transcriptome analysis in relation to kisspeptin treatment. Gene 2016; 595:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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