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Lendt C, Hettiarachchi P, Johansson PJ, Duncan S, Lund Rasmussen C, Narayanan A, Stewart T. Assessing the Accuracy of Activity Classification Using Thigh-Worn Accelerometry: A Validation Study of ActiPASS in School-Aged Children. J Phys Act Health 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39159934 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2024-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ActiPASS software was developed from the open-source Acti4 activity classification algorithm for thigh-worn accelerometry. However, the original algorithm has not been validated in children or compared with a child-specific set of algorithm thresholds. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of ActiPASS in classifying activity types in children using 2 published sets of Acti4 thresholds. METHODS Laboratory and free-living data from 2 previous studies were used. The laboratory condition included 41 school-aged children (11.0 [4.8] y; 46.5% male), and the free-living condition included 15 children (10.0 [2.6] y; 66.6% male). Participants wore a single accelerometer on the dominant thigh, and annotated video recordings were used as a reference. Postures and activity types were classified with ActiPASS using the original adult thresholds and a child-specific set of thresholds. RESULTS Using the original adult thresholds, the mean balanced accuracy (95% CI) for the laboratory condition ranged from 0.62 (0.56-0.67) for lying to 0.97 (0.94-0.99) for running. For the free-living condition, accuracy ranged from 0.61 (0.48-0.75) for lying to 0.96 (0.92-0.99) for cycling. Mean balanced accuracy for overall sedentary behavior (sitting and lying) was ≥0.97 (0.95-0.99) across all thresholds and conditions. No meaningful differences were found between the 2 sets of thresholds, except for superior balanced accuracy of the adult thresholds for walking under laboratory conditions. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that ActiPASS can accurately classify different basic types of physical activity and sedentary behavior in children using thigh-worn accelerometer data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claas Lendt
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute for Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pasan Hettiarachchi
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter J Johansson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Scott Duncan
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Anantha Narayanan
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tom Stewart
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Klos L, Burchartz A, Niessner C, Reimers AK, Thron M, Woll A, Wäsche H. Active school transport routines during school transitions: Socio-structural predictors of changes from childhood into early adulthood. Health Place 2023; 81:103005. [PMID: 37003019 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate socio-structural predictors of active school transport (AST) change and to explore the stability and changes of transport modes during school transitions and into early adulthood in Germany. School transport mode, urbanicity level, socioeconomic status, and migration background were assessed in 624 children (8.9 ± 1.1 years, 51% female) and 444 adolescents (14.9 ± 1.7 years, 48% female) which were followed up longitudinally six years later. The results of multinomial logistic regressions and transition probability calculations indicated that residing outside of rural areas at baseline and follow-up predicts retaining or switching to AST in adolescence. Similarly, higher socioeconomic status at baseline predicted retaining or switching to AST in early adulthood. This research suggests that transition periods are crucial understanding AST behavior and may provide new opportunities for tailored AST promotion programs for different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Klos
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Alexander Burchartz
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Anne Kerstin Reimers
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Maximiliane Thron
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Beck F, Schmidt SCE, Woll A, Reimers AK. Family predictors of physical activity change during the COVID-19 lockdown in preschool children in Germany. J Behav Med 2022:10.1007/s10865-022-00382-7. [PMID: 36527573 PMCID: PMC9759046 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with crucial changes in children's daily life including their physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST). Among preschool children, the family represents an important factor for sufficient PA levels by being the gatekeeper for PA. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the family environment, specifically SES, parental support, and having siblings on COVID-19-related changes of PA and ST behavior in 317 (170 boys, 147 girls) German preschool children using longitudinal data. Our results indicate a decline in total amount of sports-related PA, an increase in outdoor play, as well as an increase in leisure ST in preschool children. The changes in total amount of PA differed between children with different levels of parental support as well as in dependence on having siblings. Furthermore, levels of outdoor play and ST in preschool children were influenced by environmental factors like having access to their own garden. We conclude that the family environment (parental support as well as physical environment) is highly relevant for PA and ST levels in preschool children. To provide every child with PA opportunities during potential future lockdowns, restriction policies should be adapted and parents need sophisticated information about the importance of their support and thus the PA levels of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Beck
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen C. E. Schmidt
- Institute of Sport Science & Sport, Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sport Science & Sport, Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne K. Reimers
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Fritsch J, Weyland S, Feil K, Burchartz A, Schmidt S, Woll A, Strauch U, Wienke B, Jekauc D. A Study on the Psychometric Properties of the Short Version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale in an Adult Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15294. [PMID: 36430013 PMCID: PMC9692518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new measure of the short form of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES-S), including four items, has been developed that focuses on the subjective experience of enjoyment. As validation has so far only been conducted in a youth population, the purpose of the present article was to test the psychometric properties of the measure in an adult population in three studies. In the first study (n = 1017) the results supported the unidimensional structure of the instrument (χ2 = 10.0; df = 2; p < 0.01; CFI = 0.992; RMSEA = 0.063), revealed a satisfactory level of internal consistency (ω = 0.79), and showed that the measure is invariant across gender. The results on factorial validity and internal consistency were generally supported by the second study (n = 482), which additionally showed satisfactory test-retest reliability (r = 0.73). Finally, the third study (n = 1336) also supported the factorial validity and internal consistency of the measure and additionally showed a positive correlation with physical activity (r = 0.40), thus supporting the criterion-related validity of the measure. This more economical version of PACES seems to be particularly useful for large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Fritsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanne Weyland
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Katharina Feil
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Burchartz
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steffen Schmidt
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich Strauch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wienke
- Department of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Darko Jekauc
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Nigg C, Niessner C, Burchartz A, Woll A, Schipperijn J. The geospatial and conceptual configuration of the natural environment impacts the association with health outcomes and behavior in children and adolescents. Int J Health Geogr 2022; 21:9. [PMID: 35953832 PMCID: PMC9366780 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-022-00309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies investigating associations between natural environments and health outcomes or health behaviors in children and adolescents yielded heterogenous results to date. This may be the result of different geospatial configurations of the natural environment and confounding characteristics of the study population. Thus, we investigated how the relationship between the natural environment and mental health, muscular fitness, and physical activity varies depending on the geospatial configuration of nature and children’s and adolescents’ characteristics. Methods Data were derived from the German Motorik-Modul (MoMo) cohort study (2018–2020) that investigates physical activity, muscular fitness, and health parameters in a national sample of children and adolescents (N = 2843) between four and 17 years (Mage = 10.46 ± 3.49 years; 48.3% girls). Mental health was assessed via questionnaire, muscular fitness via standing long jump, and physical activity with 7-day accelerometer measurement. Using geographic information systems, land cover, and land use data, three different nature definitions were applied. Both circular buffers (100–1000 m) and street-network buffers (1000–5000 m) were created for each of the nature definitions. Associations were explored with linear regression models, and interaction analysis was used to investigate how those relationships vary by gender, age, and socio-economic status. Results The relationship between the three outcomes and the natural environment varied considerably depending on the nature definition, buffer size, and buffer type, as well as socio-demographic characteristics. Specifically, when comparing youth with a high socio-economic status to those with a medium socio-economic status, smaller circular buffer distances were related to less physical activity, but larger street-network buffer distances were related to greater mental health problems. Distinct relationships also occurred for youth with low socio-economic status in those relationships, with the pattern being less clear. Conclusions For future health research studies that investigate the role of the natural environment, we argue for the development of an a-priori model that integrates both geospatial considerations (nature definition, buffer type, and buffer size) and conceptual considerations (health outcome/behavior, sample characteristics) based on potentially underlying mechanisms that link the natural environment and the health outcome or behavior under investigation to theoretically underpin the geospatial configuration of the natural environment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12942-022-00309-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nigg
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Burchartz
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
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Nigg C, Burchartz A, Reichert M, Woll A, Niessner C. Children and adolescents do not compensate for physical activity but do compensate for sedentary behavior. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLittle is known about behavioral transfer and compensation within and between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior. Thus, taking a within-person perspective, this study investigated across 1 week whether (a) children and adolescents compensate for increased MVPA and sedentary behavior with less of the respective behavior the next day and (b) transfer and compensation occur between these behaviors within 1 day and across 2 days. We obtained data from 2676 participants (6–17 years) of the national Motorik-Modul (MoMo) study in Germany. Participants wore an ActiGraph accelerometer (Pensacola, FL, USA) for 7 days. We analyzed within- and between-day associations using hierarchical linear modeling. If youth engaged in 2 h more sedentary behavior than typical on any given day, they engaged in 37.20 min less MVPA the same day (B = −0.31, p < 0.001) as well as in 4.80 min more MVPA (B = 0.04, p < 0.001) and 7.20 min less sedentary behavior (B = −0.06, p < 0.001) the next day. If youth engaged in 1 h more MVPA than typical on any given day, they engaged in 97.80 min less sedentary behavior the same day (B = −1.63, p < 0.001) and in 5.40 min less sedentary behavior the next day (B = −0.09, p < 0.001). No association with next-day MVPA was observed. Our results indicate that children do not compensate for enhanced MVPA but transfer to less sedentary behavior, while more sedentary behavior is compensated with less sedentary behavior and more MVPA the next day. This provides essential information for the design of intervention studies to tackle physical inactivity and sedentary behavior.
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Influence of socioeconomic variables on physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents during the COVID‑19 lockdown in Germany: the MoMo study. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2021. [PMCID: PMC8641541 DOI: 10.1007/s12662-021-00783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID‑19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic created a multitude of natural experiments about the change of human behavior in a widely unfamiliar situation. Besides physical and mental health, physical activity (PA) and people’s movement behaviors were of particular interest to researchers all over the world. In a recent study, we found that among youth in Germany, sports activity declined, whereas recreational screen time and habitual activity increased during the first COVID‑19 lockdown. In the present study, we analyze the influence of the socioeconomic status and the housing situation on the changes in PA behavior and recreational screen-time before and during the first COVID‑19 lockdown among children and adolescents living in Germany. We found an alignment of PA behavior among youth from families with different socioeconomic backgrounds during the first lockdown and identified the housing situation to be a meaningful predictor of the increase in habitual activity. We conclude that restriction policies, communities, and in the last instance parents need to enable access to nonorganized PA to all children and adolescents every day and especially during potential future lockdowns.
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Hanssen-Doose A, Oriwol D, Niessner C, Schmidt SCE, Klemm K, Woll A, Worth A. Dauerhaftes Sporttreiben im Sportverein und motorische Entwicklung: Ergebnisse der MoMo-Längsschnittstudie (2003–2017). FORUM KINDER- UND JUGENDSPORT 2021. [PMCID: PMC8607402 DOI: 10.1007/s43594-021-00054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungBereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter gilt die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit als wichtiger Gesundheitsmarker. Auf Basis von Daten der Motorik Modul-Studie wird in diesem Artikel längsschnittlich über die Jahre 2003–2017 untersucht, inwieweit sich Sportvereinsmitglieder, die konstant im Sportverein aktiv waren, hinsichtlich ihrer motorischen Entwicklung von denjenigen unterscheiden, die nie im Sportverein aktiv waren. Es wurden Daten aus drei Messwellen untersucht: T1 (2003–2006), T2 (2009–2012) und T3 (2014–2017). Aus insgesamt N = 1092 Teilnehmenden, von denen über T1 bis T3 Daten zur Motorik vorlagen, wurden all diejenigen mit konstanter Mitgliedschaft und Nicht-Mitgliedschaft im Sportverein über drei Messwellen ausgewählt. Das sind 46 % der Gesamtstichprobe (N = 498). Von den N = 498 Teilnehmer*innen (Alter T1: 8,9 ± 3,8 Jahre, T2: 15,1 ± 3,9 Jahre, T3: 20,3 ± 4,0 Jahre) waren 15 % dauerhafte Sportvereinsmitglieder mit Wettkampfengagement, 53 % dauerhafte Sportvereinsmitglieder ohne Wettkampfengagement sowie 32 % dauerhaft Sportvereinsabstinente. Zur Ermittlung der motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit wurden konditionelle und koordinative Fähigkeiten anhand des MoMo-Testprofils erhoben (Kondition: Standweitsprung, Liegestütz, Fahrrad-Ausdauertest, Koordination: Seitliches Hin- und Herspringen, Einbeinstand, Balancieren rückwärts). Die Unterschiede in der Entwicklung wurden anhand von alters- und geschlechtsadjustierten Perzentilen mittels Varianzanalysen mit Messwiederholung berechnet, mit dem Sozialstatus als Kovariate. Innerhalb der Sportvereinsmitglieder waren Teilnehmende mit niedrigem Sozialstatus deutlich unterrepräsentiert. Insgesamt betrachtet, ist die Entwicklung der koordinativen und konditionellen Fähigkeiten bei Sportvereinsmitgliedern als signifikant besser zu beurteilen im Vergleich zu Sportvereinsabstinenten (Modell Koordination * Sportverein: df = 3,870 | F = 2,931 | p = 0,021 | ETA = 0,015 | f = 0,123; Modell Kondition * Sportverein: df = 4 | F = 3,794 | p = 0,005 | ETA = 0,048 | f = 0,225). Die Ergebnisse untermauern die Wichtigkeit der Sportvereine für die motorische Entwicklung von Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in Deutschland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hanssen-Doose
- Institut für Bewegungserziehung und Sport, Arbeitsbereich Bewegungsbildung, Diagnostik und Sport, Pädagogische Hochschule Karlsruhe, Bismarckstr. 10, 76133 Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - Doris Oriwol
- Institut für Bewegungserziehung und Sport, Arbeitsbereich Bewegungsbildung, Diagnostik und Sport, Pädagogische Hochschule Karlsruhe, Bismarckstr. 10, 76133 Karlsruhe, Deutschland
- Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Gebäude 40.40, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Gebäude 40.40, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - Steffen Christian Eckehard Schmidt
- Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Gebäude 40.40, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - Katja Klemm
- Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Gebäude 40.40, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Gebäude 40.40, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - Annette Worth
- Institut für Bewegungserziehung und Sport, Arbeitsbereich Bewegungsbildung, Diagnostik und Sport, Pädagogische Hochschule Karlsruhe, Bismarckstr. 10, 76133 Karlsruhe, Deutschland
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A Short Version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111035. [PMID: 34769552 PMCID: PMC8582913 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purposes of this paper were to (a) develop a new short, theory-driven, version of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES-S) using content analysis; and (b) subsequently to measure the psychometric properties (construct validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and concurrent validity) of the PACES-S for adolescents. Methods: Six experts used a four-point Likert scale to assess the content validity of each of the 16 items of the physical activity enjoyment scale according to a provided definition of physical activity enjoyment. Based on the results, exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze survey data from a longitudinal study of 182 individuals (Measure 1 of Study 1: 15.75 ± 3.39 yrs; 56.6% boys, 43.4% girls), and confirmatory factor analysis (Measure 2 of Study 1: 15.69 ± 3.44 yrs; 56.3% boys, 43.7% girls) was used to analyze the survey data from a cross-sectional study of 3219 individuals (Study 2; 15.99 ± 3.10 yrs; 47.8% boys, 52.2% girls) to assess the construct validity of the new measure. To assess the reliability, test–retest reliability was assessed in Study 1 and internal consistency in Study 1 and 2. For the concurrent validity, correlations with self-reported and device-based physical activity behavior were assessed in both studies. Results: Four out of sixteen items were selected for PACES-S. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses identified and supported its factorial validity (χ2 = 53.62, df = 2, p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.073; CFI = 0.99; RFI = 0.96; NFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.96; IFI = 0.99). Results showed good test–retest reliability (r = 0.76) and internal consistency (a = 0.82 to 0.88). Regarding concurrent validity, the results showed positive correlations with a physical activity questionnaire (Study 1: r = 0.36), with a physical activity diary (Study 1: r = 0.44), and with accelerometer-recorded data (Study 1: r = 0.32; Study 2: r = 0.21). Conclusions: The results indicate that PACES-S is a reliable and valid instrument that may be particularly useful to measure physical activity enjoyment in large-scale studies. It shows comparable measurement properties as the long version of PACES.
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Nigg C, Oriwol D, Wunsch K, Burchartz A, Kolb S, Worth A, Woll A, Niessner C. Population density predicts youth's physical activity changes during Covid-19 - Results from the MoMo study. Health Place 2021; 70:102619. [PMID: 34233210 PMCID: PMC9190022 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Children in Germany showed positive physical activity changes during the first Covid-19 lockdown in April 2020, but it is unclear how the changes relate to population density, which we investigated in a longitudinal sample of 1711 youth (4–17 years). For each ten citizens more per km2, less positive physical activity changes were observed. For example, a child living in an area with 100 citizens/km2 increased daily life physical activity by 44.50 min/day, whereas a child living in an area with 3000 citizens/km2 only engaged in an additional 9.70 min/day. Policymakers should ensure that youth in densely populated areas have access to physical activity opportunities during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nigg
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Doris Oriwol
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Movement and Sport, University of Education Karlsruhe, Bismarckstraße 10, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Wunsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Alexander Burchartz
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Simon Kolb
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Annette Worth
- Institute of Movement and Sport, University of Education Karlsruhe, Bismarckstraße 10, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Böhm B, Kirchhuebel H, Elmenhorst J, Müller J, Oberhoffer-Fritz R. Sedentary Behavior in Childhood, Lower Arterial Compliance and Decreased Endothelial Function-Cross Sectional Data From a German School Cohort. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:787550. [PMID: 35252073 PMCID: PMC8891704 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.787550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial function by flow-mediated dilatation assesses early markers of atherosclerotic progression. Greater amounts of physical activity and physical fitness in children are associated with cardiovascular health benefits. We aimed to explore factors, influencing endothelial function and arterial compliance in a cohort of healthy school children. METHODS The 94 participants (41 girls, 53 boys) in the study were young, healthy children from a German school cohort. Anthropometric data, body composition and blood pressure were assessed. Blood was drawn (8 h overnight fast), assessing total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein and triglycerides. Endothelial function was diagnosed by flow-mediated dilatation with ultrasonography (ALOKA/Hitachi, Prosound alpha 6). Tracking gates were set on the intima in B-mode. The waveform of diameter changes over the cardiac cycle was displayed in real time using the FMD-mode of the eTRACKING system. Changes in arterial diameter at baseline, ischaemia and vasodilatation were measured. A symptom limited pulmonary exercise test on a bicycle ergometer was performed to test cardiorespiratory fitness. Physical activity was assessed using GT3x accelerometers (Actigraph, USA), over 4 days (including 1 week-end day), with a minimum wear-time duration of 10 h. RESULTS The median age was 12.2 years (11.8-12.8). Children were normal weight, blood lipid profiles (cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride) were in normal range. Baseline measurements during the diagnostics of endothelial function revealed higher arterial compliance of the brachial artery in boys. Boys' cardiorespiratory fitness was higher than compared to girls. Boys met the recommendations of 60 min moderate to vigorous activity, whereas girls were significantly less active and did not meet current recommendations. More time spent in sedentary activity was the main predictor for lower arterial compliance (adjusted for age and sex), accounting for 14% of the variance. No significant model revealed, analyzing the influencing factors such as anthropometric data, blood lipids, physical activity and fitness on endothelial function. CONCLUSION This is the first study on endothelial function in association to objectively measured physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy school children in Germany. The study highlights the importance of reducing time spent being sedentary to maintain endothelial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Böhm
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Kirchhuebel
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Elmenhorst
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Müller
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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