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Ruan LC, Zhang Y, Su L, Zhu LX, Wang SL, Guo Q, Wan BG, Qiu SY, Hu S, Wei YP, Zheng QL. Causal effects of genetic birth weight and gestational age on adult esophageal diseases: Mendelian randomization study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3055-3068. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i7.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the association between gestational age, birth weight, and esophageal cancer risk; however, causality remains debated. We aimed to establish causal links between genetic gestational age and birth weight traits and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett’s esophagus (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). Additionally, we explored if known risk factors mediate these links.
AIM To analyze of the relationship between gestational age, birth weight and GERD, BE, and EA.
METHODS Genetic data on gestational age and birth weight (n = 84689 and 143677) from the Early Growth Genetics Consortium and outcomes for GERD (n = 467253), BE (n = 56429), and EA (n = 21271) from genome-wide association study served as instrumental variables. Mendelian randomization (MR) and mediation analyses were conducted using MR-Egger, weighted median, and inverse variance weighted methods. Robustness was ensured through heterogeneity, pleiotropy tests, and sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS Birth weight was negatively correlated with GERD and BE risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-0.8] and (OR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.60-0.9), respectively, with no significant association with EA. No causal link was found between gestational age and outcomes. Birth weight was positively correlated with five risk factors: Educational attainment (OR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.01-1.31), body mass index (OR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.02-1.1), height (OR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.06-1.19), weight (OR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.10-1.1), and alcoholic drinks per week (OR = 1.03; 95%CI: 1.00-1.06). Mediation analysis showed educational attainment and height mediated the birth weight-BE link by 13.99% and 5.46%.
CONCLUSION Our study supports the protective role of genetically predicted birth weight against GERD, BE, and EA, independent of gestational age and partially mediated by educational attainment and height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Cheng Ruan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lang Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Si-Lin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Bin-Gen Wan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiao-Ling Zheng
- Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
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Yu P, Xu R, Wu Y, Huang W, Coelho MSZS, Saldiva PHN, Ye T, Wen B, Liu Y, Yang Z, Li S, Abramson MJ, Guo Y. Cancer mortality risk from short-term PM 2.5 exposure and temporal variations in Brazil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134606. [PMID: 38788590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Although some studies have found that short-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with lung cancer deaths, its impact on other cancer sites is unclear. To answer this research question, this time-stratified case-crossover study used individual cancer death data between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019, extracted from the Brazilian mortality information system to quantify the associations between short-term PM2.5 exposure and cancer mortality from 25 common cancer sites. Daily PM2.5 concentration was aggregated at the municipality level as the key exposure. The study included a total of 34,516,120 individual death records, with the national daily mean PM2.5 exposure 15.3 (SD 4.3) μg/m3. For every 10-μg/m3 increase in three-day average PM2.5 exposure, the odds ratio (OR) for all-cancer mortality was 1.04 (95% CI 1.03-1.04). Apart from all-cancer deaths, PM2.5 exposure may impact cancers of oesophagus (1.04, 1.00-1.08), stomach (1.05, 1.02-1.08), colon-rectum (1.04, 1.01-1.06), lung (1.04, 1.02-1.06), breast (1.03, 1.00-1.06), prostate (1.07, 1.04-1.10), and leukaemia (1.05, 1.01-1.09). During the study period, acute PM2.5 exposure contributed to an estimated 1,917,994 cancer deaths, ranging from 0 to 6,054 cases in each municipality. Though there has been a consistent downward trend in PM2.5-related all-cancer mortality risks from 2000 to 2019, the impact remains significant, indicating the continued importance of cancer patients avoiding PM2.5 exposure. This nationwide study revealed a notable association between acute PM2.5 exposure and heightened overall and site-specific cancer mortality for the first time to our best knowledge. The findings suggest the importance of considering strategies to minimize such exposure in cancer care guidelines. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The 20-year analysis of nationwide death records in Brazil revealed that heightened short-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with increased cancer mortality at various sites, although this association has gradually decreased over time. Despite the declining impact, the research highlights the persistent adverse effects of PM2.5 on cancer mortality, emphasizing the importance of continued research and preventive measures to address the ongoing public health challenges posed by air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- Climate Air quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- Climate Air quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yao Wu
- Climate Air quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wenzhong Huang
- Climate Air quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Micheline S Z S Coelho
- Laboratory of Urban Health Insper/Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo H N Saldiva
- Laboratory of Urban Health Insper/Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tingting Ye
- Climate Air quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bo Wen
- Climate Air quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yanming Liu
- Climate Air quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- Climate Air quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate Air quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- Climate Air quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate Air quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Liu YX, Bin CL, Zhang L, Yang WT, An BP. Socioeconomic traits and the risk of Barrett’s esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A Mendelian randomization study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2619-2633. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have shown that the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is associated with socioeconomic status. However, due to the methodological limitations of traditional observational studies, it is challenging to definitively establish causality.
AIM To explore the causal relationship between the prevalence of these conditions and socioeconomic status using Mendelian randomization (MR).
METHODS We initially screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to serve as proxies for eight socioeconomic status phenotypes for univariate MR analysis. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analytical method to estimate the causal relationship between the eight socioeconomic status phenotypes and the risk of GERD and BE. We then collected combinations of SNPs as composite proxies for the eight socioeconomic phenotypes to perform multivariate MR (MVMR) analyses based on the IVW MVMR model. Furthermore, a two-step MR mediation analysis was used to examine the potential mediation of the associations by body mass index, major depressive disorder (MDD), smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep duration.
RESULTS The study identified three socioeconomic statuses that had a significant impact on GERD. These included household income [odds ratio (OR): 0.46; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.31-0.70], education attainment (OR: 0.23; 95%CI: 0.18-0.29), and the Townsend Deprivation Index at recruitment (OR: 1.57; 95%CI: 1.04-2.37). These factors were found to independently and predominantly influence the genetic causal effect of GERD. Furthermore, the mediating effect of educational attainment on GERD was found to be mediated by MDD (proportion mediated: 10.83%). Similarly, the effect of educational attainment on BE was mediated by MDD (proportion mediated: 10.58%) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (proportion mediated: 3.50%). Additionally, the mediating effect of household income on GERD was observed to be mediated by sleep duration (proportion mediated: 9.75%)
CONCLUSION This MR study shed light on the link between socioeconomic status and GERD or BE, providing insights for the prevention of esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Li Bin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bai-Ping An
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
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Liu YX, Bin CL, Zhang L, Yang WT, An BP. Socioeconomic traits and the risk of Barrett's esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A Mendelian randomization study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2631-2645. [PMID: 38994145 PMCID: PMC11236248 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have shown that the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett's esophagus (BE) is associated with socioeconomic status. However, due to the methodological limitations of traditional observational studies, it is challenging to definitively establish causality. AIM To explore the causal relationship between the prevalence of these conditions and socioeconomic status using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS We initially screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to serve as proxies for eight socioeconomic status phenotypes for univariate MR analysis. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analytical method to estimate the causal relationship between the eight socioeconomic status phenotypes and the risk of GERD and BE. We then collected combinations of SNPs as composite proxies for the eight socioeconomic phenotypes to perform multivariate MR (MVMR) analyses based on the IVW MVMR model. Furthermore, a two-step MR mediation analysis was used to examine the potential mediation of the associations by body mass index, major depressive disorder (MDD), smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep duration. RESULTS The study identified three socioeconomic statuses that had a significant impact on GERD. These included household income [odds ratio (OR): 0.46; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.31-0.70], education attainment (OR: 0.23; 95%CI: 0.18-0.29), and the Townsend Deprivation Index at recruitment (OR: 1.57; 95%CI: 1.04-2.37). These factors were found to independently and predominantly influence the genetic causal effect of GERD. Furthermore, the mediating effect of educational attainment on GERD was found to be mediated by MDD (proportion mediated: 10.83%). Similarly, the effect of educational attainment on BE was mediated by MDD (proportion mediated: 10.58%) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (proportion mediated: 3.50%). Additionally, the mediating effect of household income on GERD was observed to be mediated by sleep duration (proportion mediated: 9.75%). CONCLUSION This MR study shed light on the link between socioeconomic status and GERD or BE, providing insights for the prevention of esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Li Bin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bai-Ping An
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
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Tajima R, Matsumoto M, Fujiwara A, Yuan X, Shinsugi C, Okada E, Kurotani K, Yokoyama T, Takimoto H. Time Trends in Income-related Differences in Food Group Intakes: The National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan in 2010, 2014, and 2018. J Epidemiol 2024; 34:76-86. [PMID: 36908117 PMCID: PMC10751188 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to clarify whether differences in food group intake according to household income have changed over the last decade in Japanese people aged 20 years or older. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on the 2010, 2014, and 2018 National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Japan. Food intake was assessed using a 1-day semi-weighed household dietary record. The participants were categorized into three groups based on their income. The mean of each food intake according to the income group was estimated by adjusting for age, occupation, and number of participants from the same household. The significance of the interaction terms between income and survey year was evaluated to assess the change in income-related differences in food intake over time. RESULTS Cereal intake was lower in the middle- and the highest-income groups than in the lowest-income group, regardless of sex, and the interaction between income and year was nonsignificant for cereal intake. In the former two surveys, vegetable intake was higher among the highest-income women, while in the 2018 survey, the vegetable intake decreased in the women in the middle- and the highest-income groups. The interaction between income and year was significant for vegetable intake among the women. For other foods, the differences in intake among the income groups did not significantly change over time. CONCLUSION The tendency for lower cereal intake in the higher-income groups was consistent over time in both the sexes, and the tendency for higher vegetable intake in the highest income women disappeared over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Tajima
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Matsumoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Fujiwara
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisa Shinsugi
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Okada
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Showa Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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Lan Y, Chen L, Huang C, Wang X, Pu P. Associations of educational attainment with Sepsis mediated by metabolism traits and smoking: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1330606. [PMID: 38362221 PMCID: PMC10867269 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1330606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Sepsis constitutes a significant global healthcare burden. Studies suggest a correlation between educational attainment and the likelihood of developing sepsis. Our goal was to utilize Mendelian randomization (MR) in order to examine the causal connection between educational achievement (EA) and sepsis, while measuring the mediating impacts of adjustable variables. Methods We collected statistical data summarizing educational achievement (EA), mediators, and sepsis from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Employing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we calculated the causal impact of education on sepsis. Following this, we performed multivariable MR analyses to assess the mediation proportions of various mediators, including body mass index (BMI), smoking, omega-3 fatty acids, and apolipoprotein A-I(ApoA-I). Results Genetic prediction of 1-SD (4.2 years) increase in educational attainment (EA) was negatively correlated with sepsis risk (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.96). Among the four identified mediators, ranked proportionally, they including BMI (38.8%), smoking (36.5%), ApoA-I (6.3%) and omega-3 (3.7%). These findings remained robust across a variety of sensitivity analyses. Conclusion The findings of this study provided evidence for the potential preventive impact of EA on sepsis, which may be influenced by factors including and metabolic traits and smoking. Enhancing interventions targeting these factors may contribute to reducing the burden of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lvlin Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Pu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Domaradzki J, Koźlenia D, Kochan-Jacheć K, Szkudlarek P, Fugiel J. Socioeconomic inequalities in health-related fitness gradient shifts between 2001 and 2022 in young Polish adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1163215. [PMID: 37228712 PMCID: PMC10203652 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1163215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the importance of socioeconomic status (SES) on health-related fitness (H-RF) measurements in young adults and determine the impact of SES over 20 years of substantial social and economic changes in Poland. Material and methods The study compared H-RF differences between 2001 (P1) and 2022 (P2) in 252 volunteers aged 18 to 28 years who were grouped into quartiles based on SES and gender. The variables measured included height, weight, body mass index, body fat mass, hand strength (hand grip), abdomen strength (sit-ups), flexibility (sit and reach), and leg power (standing long jump), with a synthetic motor performance index (MPSI) calculated for each participant. Results Health-related differences based on social inequalities included body fat mass and MPSI, and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed an interaction between SES and period on motor performance (F = 2.73, p = 0.045). In addition, post-hoc tests revealed differences in P1 between SES quartiles one and two (p = 0.028). Over the last 20 years, physical fitness decreased and body fat increased. The regression slope showed decreased motor performance with higher amounts of body fat in P2 subjects compared to their P1 peers. Conclusion The observed trends may be associated with lifestyle changes shaped by technology development, high-energy and low-quality food access, and increased physical inactivity.
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Zhang X, Yang X, Zhang T, Yin X, Man J, Lu M. Association of educational attainment with esophageal cancer, Barrett's esophagus, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and the mediating role of modifiable risk factors: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1022367. [PMID: 37056646 PMCID: PMC10086429 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1022367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundObservational studies have reported that educational attainment has been related to the risk of esophageal cancer (EC) and its precancerous lesions. However, the causal relationship remains controversial. We aimed to apply the Mendelian randomization (MR) design to determine the causal associations between genetically predicted educational attainment and EC, Barrett's esophagus (BE), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and to explore whether modifiable risk factors play a mediating role.MethodsUsing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) based on European ancestry individuals of several years in education (EduYears, primary analysis, n = 293,723), college completion (College, secondary analysis, n = 95,427), EC (n = 420,531), BE (n = 361,194), and GERD (n = 420,531), genetic associations between two education phenotypes and EC, BE, and GERD were tested by two-sample MR analyses. Then, two-step MR mediation analyses were used to assess the proportion of the aforementioned association that might be mediated by body mass index (BMI), major depressive disorder (MDD), smoking, drinking, carbohydrates, fat, and protein intake.ResultsGenetically predicted EduYears was negatively associated with the risk of EC, BE, and GERD {odds ratio (OR), 0.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44–0.94], 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75–0.99), and 0.62 (95%CI, 0.58–0.67)}. EduYears was negatively associated with BMI, MDD, and smoking (range of OR: 0.76–0.84). There were positive associations between BMI, smoking with EC, BE, and GERD, as well as between MDD with GERD (range of OR: 1.08–1.50). For individual mediating effect, BMI and smoking mediated 15.75 and 14.15% of the EduYears-EC association and 15.46 and 16.85% of the EduYears-BE association. BMI, MDD, and smoking mediated 5.23, 4.98, and 4.49% of the EduYears-GERD association. For combined mediation, the aforementioned mediators explained 26.62, 28.38, and 11.48% of the effect of EduYears on EC, BE, and GERD. The mediating effects of drinking and dietary composition were not significant in the effect of education on EC, BE, and GERD.ConclusionOur study supports that genetically predicted higher educational attainment has a protective effect on EC, BE, and GERD, and is partly mediated by reducing adiposity, smoking, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyu Man
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Lu
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Wilson S, Calocer F, Rollot F, Fauvernier M, Remontet L, Tron L, Vukusic S, Le Page E, Debouverie M, Ciron J, Ruet A, De Sèze J, Zephir H, Moreau T, Lebrun-Frénay C, Laplaud DA, Clavelou P, Labauge P, Berger E, Pelletier J, Heinzlef O, Thouvenot E, Camdessanché JP, Leray E, Dejardin O, Defer G. Effects of socioeconomic status on excess mortality in patients with multiple sclerosis in France: A retrospective observational cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2023; 24:100542. [PMID: 36426377 PMCID: PMC9678948 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of socio-economic status on mortality in patients with multiple sclerosis is not well known. The objective was to examine mortality due to multiple sclerosis according to socio-economic status. Methods A retrospective observational cohort design was used with recruitment from 18 French multiple sclerosis expert centers participating in the Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques. All patients lived in metropolitan France and had a definite or probable diagnosis of multiple sclerosis according to either Poser or McDonald criteria with an onset of disease between 1960 and 2015. Initial phenotype was either relapsing-onset or primary progressive onset. Vital status was updated on January 1st 2016. Socio-economic status was measured by an ecological index, the European Deprivation Index and was attributed to each patient according to their home address. Excess death rates were studied according to socio-economic status using additive excess hazard models with multidimensional penalised splines. The initial hypothesis was a potential socio-economic gradient in excess mortality. Findings A total of 34,169 multiple sclerosis patients were included (88% relapsing onset (n = 30,083), 12% progressive onset (n = 4086)), female/male sex ratio 2.7 for relapsing-onset and 1.3 for progressive-onset). Mean age at disease onset was 31.6 (SD = 9.8) for relapsing-onset and 42.7 (SD = 10.8) for progressive-onset. At the end of follow-up, 1849 patients had died (4.4% for relapsing-onset (n = 1311) and 13.2% for progressive-onset (n = 538)). A socio-economic gradient was found for relapsing-onset patients; more deprived patients had a greater excess death rate. At thirty years of disease duration and a year of onset of symptoms of 1980, survival probability difference (or deprivation gap) between less deprived relapsing-onset patients (EDI = −6) and more deprived relapsing-onset patients (EDI = 12) was 16.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) [10.3%–22.9%]) for men and 12.3% (95%CI [7.6%–17.0%]) for women. No clear socio-economic mortality gradient was found in progressive-onset patients. Interpretation Socio-economic status was associated with mortality due to multiple sclerosis in relapsing-onset patients. Improvements in overall care of more socio-economically deprived patients with multiple sclerosis could help reduce these socio-economic inequalities in multiple sclerosis-related mortality. Funding This study was funded by the ARSEP foundation “Fondation pour l'aide à la recherche sur la Sclérose en Plaques” (Grant Reference Number 1122). Data collection has been supported by a grant provided by the French State and handled by the “Agence Nationale de la Recherche,” within the framework of the “Investments for the Future” programme, under the reference ANR-10-COHO-002, Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilson
- UNICAEN, CHU de Caen, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE, Pôle de Recherche, Normandy University, Caen 14000, France
- Corresponding author. INSERM UMR 1086 “ANTICIPE”, University of Caen Normandy, Comprehensive Cancer Center Francois Baclesse, Avenue du General Harris, 14076 Caen Cedex 5, France.
| | - Floriane Calocer
- Department of Neurology, UNICAEN, Normandy University, MS Expert Center, CHU de Caen Normandy, Caen 14000, France
| | - Fabien Rollot
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69000, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Service de Neurologie, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-Inflammation, Bron 69500, France
- Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon 69000, France
- EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis, State-Approved Foundation, Bron, France
| | - Mathieu Fauvernier
- Service de Biostatistique–Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Laurent Remontet
- Service de Biostatistique–Bioinformatique, Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Laure Tron
- UNICAEN, CHU de Caen, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE, Pôle de Recherche, Normandy University, Caen 14000, France
| | - Sandra Vukusic
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69000, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Service de Neurologie, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-Inflammation, Bron 69500, France
- Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon 69000, France
- EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis, State-Approved Foundation, Bron, France
| | | | - Marc Debouverie
- Department of Neurology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy F-54000, France
| | - Jonathan Ciron
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Toulouse, CRC-SEP, Toulouse Cedex 9 F-31059, France
- Université Toulouse III, Infinity, INSERM UMR1291 - CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse Cedex 3 F-31024, France
| | - Aurélie Ruet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33000, France
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux F-33000, France
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Jérôme De Sèze
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CHU de Strasbourg, CIC 1434, INSERM 1434, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Hélène Zephir
- CHU Lille, CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, U1172, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Dijon, EA4184, Dijon F-21000, France
| | - Christine Lebrun-Frénay
- Neurology, UR2CA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pasteur2, Université Nice Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - David-Axel Laplaud
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, CIC INSERM 1413, Service de Neurologie, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Pierre Clavelou
- Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
| | - Pierre Labauge
- MS Unit, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5 F-34295, France
- University of Montpellier (MUSE), Montpellier F-34000, France
| | - Eric Berger
- CHU de Besançon, Service de Neurologie 25 030, Besançon, France
| | - Jean Pelletier
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Olivier Heinzlef
- Departement of Neurology, Hôpital de Poissy, Poissy F-78300, France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- Department of Neurology, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes Cedex 9 F-30029, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, UMR5203, INSERM 1191, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5 F-34094, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Leray
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, CNRS, Inserm, Arènes - UMR 6051, RSMS (Recherche sur les Services et Management en Santé) - U 1309, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Olivier Dejardin
- UNICAEN, CHU de Caen, INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE, Pôle de Recherche, Normandy University, Caen 14000, France
| | - Gilles Defer
- Department of Neurology, UNICAEN, Normandy University, MS Expert Center, CHU de Caen Normandy, Caen 14000, France
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10
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Yu P, Xu R, Yang Z, Ye T, Liu Y, Li S, Abramson MJ, Kimlin M, Guo Y. Cancer and Ongoing Climate Change: Who Are the Most Affected? ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2022; 3:5-11. [PMID: 36691655 PMCID: PMC9853937 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become the leading cause of premature death in many counties in recent decades. Previous studies showed plenty of evidence that control of modifiable risk factors would reduce the cancer burden. Since modifiable risk factors could be eliminated by changing the lifestyles of individuals, a greater uptake of modifiable risk factors is critical to reducing cancer burden and inequality in cancer survival. However, climate change will widen cancer inequities through its complex connections with modifiable risk factors. In this perspective, complex connections between climate change and cancer risks via modifiable risk factors, including abnormal temperature, UV, air pollution, natural disasters, food (diet), water, infections, and inefficient physical activities, have been summarized. The associations between climate change and modifiable risk factors have no doubt expanded the inequities. People who face overlapping modifiable risk factors, but who are unable to change or adapt, are at the highest risk in the climate change-cancer linkage. Though individual actions to avoid exposure to modifiable risk factors have been recommended, limited benefits would be achieved unless the nations strive to ensure the basic needs of the people. No choice makes avoiding exposure to risk factors an empty phrase. Thus, government actions should be taken to reduce the expanded inequities in cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Tingting Ye
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Yanming Liu
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Michael Kimlin
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School
of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia,
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11
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Ekblom-Bak E, Väisänen D, Ekblom B, Blom V, Kallings LV, Hemmingsson E, Andersson G, Wallin P, Salier Eriksson J, Holmlund T, Lindwall M, Stenling A, Lönn A. Cardiorespiratory fitness and lifestyle on severe COVID-19 risk in 279,455 adults: a case control study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:135. [PMID: 34666788 PMCID: PMC8524225 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and other lifestyle-related factors on severe COVID-19 risk is understudied. The present study aims to investigate lifestyle-related and socioeconomic factors as possible predictors of COVID-19, with special focus on CRF, and to further study whether these factors may attenuate obesity- and hypertension-related risks, as well as mediate associations between socioeconomic factors and severe COVID-19 risk. Methods Out of initially 407,131 participants who participated in nationwide occupational health service screening between 1992 and 2020, n = 857 cases (70% men, mean age 49.9 years) of severe COVID-19 were identified. CRF was estimated using a sub-maximum cycle test, and other lifestyle variables were self-reported. Analyses were performed including both unmatched, n = 278,598, and sex-and age-matched, n = 3426, controls. Severe COVID-19 included hospitalization, intensive care or death due to COVID-19. Results Patients with more severe COVID-19 had significantly lower CRF, higher BMI, a greater presence of comorbidities and were more often daily smokers. In matched analyses, there was a graded decrease in odds for severe COVID-19 with each ml in CRF (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.970 to 0.998), and a two-fold increase in odds between the lowest and highest (< 32 vs. ≥ 46 ml·min−1·kg−1) CRF group. Higher BMI (per unit increase, OR = 1.09, 1.06 to 1.12), larger waist circumference (per cm, OR = 1.04, 1.02 to 1.06), daily smoking (OR = 0.60, 0.41 to 0.89) and high overall stress (OR = 1.36, 1.001 to 1.84) also remained significantly associated with severe COVID-19 risk. Obesity- and blood pressure-related risks were attenuated by adjustment for CRF and lifestyle variables. Mediation through CRF, BMI and smoking accounted for 9% to 54% of the associations between low education, low income and blue collar/low skilled occupations and severe COVID-19 risk. The results were consistent using either matched or unmatched controls. Conclusions Both lifestyle-related and socioeconomic factors were associated with risk of severe COVID-19. However, higher CRF attenuated the risk associated with obesity and high blood pressure, and mediated the risk associated with various socioeconomic factors. This emphasises the importance of interventions to maintain or increase CRF in the general population to strengthen the resilience to severe COVID-19, especially in high-risk individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01198-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Ekblom-Bak
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Väisänen
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria Blom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena V Kallings
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Hemmingsson
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Andersson
- Research Department, HPI Health Profile Institute, PO Box 35, 182 11, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Peter Wallin
- Research Department, HPI Health Profile Institute, PO Box 35, 182 11, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Jane Salier Eriksson
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Holmlund
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institute, 141 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Lindwall
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Stenling
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, 4630, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Amanda Lönn
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, PO Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden
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