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Gupta S, Craig JW. Classic Hodgkin lymphoma in young people. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023; 40:379-391. [PMID: 37451943 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is a unique form of lymphoid cancer featuring a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment and a relative paucity of malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells with characteristic phenotype. Younger individuals (children, adolescents and young adults) are affected as often as the elderly, producing a peculiar bimodal age-incidence profile that has generated immense interest in this disease and its origins. Decades of epidemiological investigations have documented the populations most susceptible and identified multiple risk factors that can be broadly categorized as either biological or environmental in nature. Most risk factors result in overt immunodeficiency or confer more subtle alterations to baseline health, physiology or immune function. Epstein Barr virus, however, is both a risk factor and well-established driver of lymphomagenesis in a significant subset of cases. Epigenetic changes, along with the accumulation of somatic driver mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities are required for the malignant transformation of germinal center-experienced HRS cell precursors. Chromosomal instability and the influence of endogenous mutational processes are critical in this regard, by impacting genes involved in key signaling pathways that promote the survival and proliferation of HRS cells and their escape from immune destruction. Here we review the principal features, known risk factors and lymphomagenic mechanisms relevant to newly diagnosed CHL, with an emphasis on those most applicable to young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Gupta
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, 1215 Lee Street, 3rd Floor Hospital Expansion Room 3032, PO Box 800904, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Craig
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, 1215 Lee Street, 3rd Floor Hospital Expansion Room 3032, PO Box 800904, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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2
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Allegra A, Caserta S, Mirabile G, Gangemi S. Aging and Age-Related Epigenetic Drift in the Pathogenesis of Leukemia and Lymphomas: New Therapeutic Targets. Cells 2023; 12:2392. [PMID: 37830606 PMCID: PMC10572300 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the traits of cancer cells is abnormal DNA methylation patterns. The idea that age-related epigenetic changes may partially explain the increased risk of cancer in the elderly is based on the observation that aging is also accompanied by comparable changes in epigenetic patterns. Lineage bias and decreased stem cell function are signs of hematopoietic stem cell compartment aging. Additionally, aging in the hematopoietic system and the stem cell niche have a role in hematopoietic stem cell phenotypes linked with age, such as leukemia and lymphoma. Understanding these changes will open up promising pathways for therapies against age-related disorders because epigenetic mechanisms are reversible. Additionally, the development of high-throughput epigenome mapping technologies will make it possible to identify the "epigenomic identity card" of every hematological disease as well as every patient, opening up the possibility of finding novel molecular biomarkers that can be used for diagnosis, prediction, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Santino Caserta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Mirabile
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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3
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Filling the Gap: The Immune Therapeutic Armamentarium for Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216574. [PMID: 36362802 PMCID: PMC9656939 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite years of clinical progress which made Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) one of the most curable malignancies with conventional chemotherapy, refractoriness and recurrence may still affect up to 20–30% of patients. The revolution brought by the advent of immunotherapy in all kinds of neoplastic disorders is more than evident in this disease because anti-CD30 antibodies and checkpoint inhibitors have been able to rescue patients previously remaining without therapeutic options. Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation still represents a significant step in the treatment algorithm for chemosensitive HL; however, the possibility to induce complete responses after allogeneic transplant procedures in patients receiving reduced-intensity conditioning regimens informs on its sensitivity to immunological control. Furthermore, the investigational application of adoptive T cell transfer therapies paves the way for future indications in this setting. Here, we seek to provide a fresh and up-to-date overview of the new immunotherapeutic agents dominating the scene of relapsed/refractory HL. In this optic, we will also review all the potential molecular mechanisms of tumor resistance, theoretically responsible for treatment failures, and we will discuss the place of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in the era of novel therapies.
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Jiang P, Veenstra RN, Seitz A, Nolte IM, Hepkema BG, Visser L, van den Berg A, Diepstra A. Interaction between ERAP Alleles and HLA Class I Types Support a Role of Antigen Presentation in Hodgkin Lymphoma Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030414. [PMID: 33499248 PMCID: PMC7865538 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a common lymphoma in young adults derived from B cells. Emerging evidence suggests that antigen presentation by the malignant B cells is critically involved in HL pathogenesis. In fact, genetic variants of the antigen presenting Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) are strongly associated with HL susceptibility. Interestingly, the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP)1 and ERAP2 genes, that code for enzymes that process antigens, also appear to be associated. In this study, we show that genetic variants of ERAP genes strongly affect expression levels of ERAP1 and ERAP2. In addition, we find that certain ERAP variants interact with specific HLA class I types in HL patients. This suggests that mechanisms that determine the repertoire of antigens that are presented to the immune system, affect the chance of developing HL. Our findings therefore support a prominent role of antigen presentation in HL susceptibility. Abstract Genetic variants in the HLA region are the strongest risk factors for developing Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), suggesting an important role for antigen presentation. This is supported by another HL-associated genomic region which contains the loci of two enzymes that process endogenous proteins to peptides to be presented by HLA class I, i.e., endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) and ERAP2. We hypothesized that ERAP and HLA class I type interact in HL susceptibility, as shown previously for several autoimmune diseases. We detected ERAP1 and ERAP2 expression in tumor cells and cells in the microenvironment in primary HL tissue samples. Seven ERAP SNPs and ERAP1 haplotypes showed strong associations with RNA and protein levels of ERAP1 and ERAP2 in LCLs and HL cell lines. Analysis of HLA class I types, ERAP SNPs and ERAP haplotypes by direct genotyping or imputation from genome-wide association data in 390 HL patients revealed significant interactions between HLA-A11, rs27038 and the rs27038 associated ERAP haplotype, as well as between HLA-Cw2 and rs26618. In conclusion, our results show that ERAP and HLA class I interact in genetic susceptibility to HL, providing further evidence that antigen presentation is an important process in HL susceptibility and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang Huanggu National Defense Hospital, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Rianne N. Veenstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Annika Seitz
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Bouke G. Hepkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Lydia Visser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.J.); (R.N.V.); (A.S.); (L.V.); (A.v.d.B.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a B cell lymphoma characterized by few malignant cells and numerous immune effector cells in the tumour microenvironment. The incidence of HL is highest in adolescents and young adults, although HL can affect elderly individuals. Diagnosis is based on histological and immunohistochemical analyses of tissue from a lymph node biopsy; the tissue morphology and antigen expression profile enable classification into one of the four types of classic HL (nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-depleted or lymphocyte-rich HL), which account for the majority of cases, or nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL. Although uncommon, HL remains a crucial test case for progress in cancer treatment. HL was among the first systemic neoplasms shown to be curable with radiation therapy and multiagent chemotherapy. The goal of multimodality therapy is to minimize lifelong residual treatment-associated toxicity while maintaining high levels of effectiveness. Recurrent or refractory disease can be effectively treated or cured with high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and prospective trials have demonstrated the potency of immunotherapeutic approaches with antibody-drug conjugates and immune checkpoint inhibitors. This Primer explores the wealth of information that has been assembled to understand HL; these updated observations verify that HL investigation and treatment remain at the leading edge of oncological research.
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Morton LM. Novel Insights Into the Long-Term Immune Health of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Survivors. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:1648-1650. [PMID: 32228357 PMCID: PMC7238492 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Morton
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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7
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Hongell K, Kurki S, Sumelahti ML, Soilu-Hänninen M. Risk of cancer among Finnish multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 35:221-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Din L, Sheikh M, Kosaraju N, Smedby KE, Bernatsky S, Berndt S, Skibola CF, Nieters A, Wang S, McKay JD, Cocco P, Maynadié M, Foretová L, Staines A, Mack TM, de Sanjosé S, Vyse TJ, Padyukov L, Taub Z, Din M, Monnereau A, Arslan AA, Moore A, Brooks-Wilson AR, Novak AJ, Glimelius B, Birmann BM, Link BK, Stewart C, Vajdic CM, Haioun C, Magnani C, Conti D, Cox DG, Casabonne D, Albanes D, Kane E, Roman E, Muzi G, Salles G, Giles GG, Adami HO, Ghesquières H, Vivo ID, Clavel J, Cerhan JR, Spinelli JJ, Hofmann JN, Vijai J, Curtin K, Costenbader KH, Onel K, Offit K, Teras LR, Morton LM, Conde L, Miligi L, Melbye M, Ennas MG, Liebow M, Purdue MP, Glenn M, Southey MC, Rothman N, Camp NJ, Doo NW, Becker N, Pradhan N, Bracci PM, Boffetta P, Vineis P, Brennan P, Kraft P, Lan Q, Severson RK, Vermeulen RCH, Milne RL, Kaaks R, Travis RC, Weinstein S, Chanock SJ, Ansell SM, Slager SL, Zheng T, Zhang Y, Benavente Y, Madireddy L, Gourraud PA, Oksenberg JR, Cozen W, Hjalgrim H, Khankhanian P. Genetic overlap between autoimmune diseases and non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. Genet Epidemiol 2019; 43:844-863. [PMID: 31407831 PMCID: PMC6763347 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies show an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in patients with autoimmune disease (AD), due to a combination of shared environmental factors and/or genetic factors, or a causative cascade: chronic inflammation/antigen-stimulation in one disease leads to another. Here we assess shared genetic risk in genome-wide-association-studies (GWAS). Secondary analysis of GWAS of NHL subtypes (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and marginal zone lymphoma) and ADs (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis). Shared genetic risk was assessed by (a) description of regional genetic of overlap, (b) polygenic risk score (PRS), (c)"diseasome", (d)meta-analysis. Descriptive analysis revealed few shared genetic factors between each AD and each NHL subtype. The PRS of ADs were not increased in NHL patients (nor vice versa). In the diseasome, NHLs shared more genetic etiology with ADs than solid cancers (p = .0041). A meta-analysis (combing AD with NHL) implicated genes of apoptosis and telomere length. This GWAS-based analysis four NHL subtypes and three ADs revealed few weakly-associated shared loci, explaining little total risk. This suggests common genetic variation, as assessed by GWAS in these sample sizes, may not be the primary explanation for the link between these ADs and NHLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennox Din
- California Northstate University, Medicine
| | | | | | - Karin E Smedby
- Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Dept of Medicine
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- McGill University, Medicine
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Clinical Epidemiology
| | - Sonja Berndt
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | | | - Alexandra Nieters
- University Medical Centre Freiburg, Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency
| | - Sophia Wang
- City of Hope and the Beckman Research Institute, Department of Population Sciences
| | | | - Pierluigi Cocco
- University of Caligari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health
| | - Marc Maynadié
- University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté and CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de Côte d’Or, INSERM U1231
| | - Lenka Foretová
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | | | - Thomas M Mack
- University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alain Monnereau
- Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Sorbonne (CRESS), Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancer group, INSERM
- Institut Bergonie, Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de la Gironde
| | | | - Amy Moore
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Angela R Brooks-Wilson
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology
| | | | - Bengt Glimelius
- Uppsala Universitet, Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine
| | - Brian K Link
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Internal Medicine
| | | | - Claire M Vajdic
- University of New South Wales, Centre for Big Data Research in Health
| | - Corinne Haioun
- University Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Lymphoid Malignancies Unit, Henri Mondor Hospital
| | | | - David Conti
- University of Southern California, Preventive Med. Dept., Biostat
| | | | - Delphine Casabonne
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Eleanor Kane
- University of York, Department of Health Sciences
| | - Eve Roman
- University of York, Department of Health Sciences
| | - Giacomo Muzi
- Universita degli Studi di Perugia, Department of Occupational Medicine
| | - Gilles Salles
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Hematology
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence
- University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidmiology and Biostatistics
| | | | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Brigham Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | - James R Cerhan
- Mayo Clinic, Health Sciences Research and Clinical Epidemiology
| | | | | | | | | | - Karen H Costenbader
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Medicine, Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy
| | | | - Kenneth Offit
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics
| | | | - Lindsay M Morton
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | | | | | - Mads Melbye
- Statens Serum Institut, Epidemiology Research
- Stanford University, Medicine
| | | | | | - Mark P Purdue
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology
| | | | - Melissa C Southey
- University of Melbourne, Department of Clinical Pathology, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Huntsman Cancer Institute
- University of Utah, Internal Medicine and Biomedical Informatics
| | - Nicole Wong Doo
- University of Sydney, Concord Hospital Clinical School
- Cancer Council Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Intelligence
| | | | | | - Paige M Bracci
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Imperial College London, Environmental Epidemiology and Public Health
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
| | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard School of Public Health, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | - Qing Lan
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Richard K Severson
- Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences
| | | | - Roger L Milne
- University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- Cancer Council Australia, Epidemiology and Intelligence
| | - Rudolph Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology
| | | | - Stephanie Weinstein
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- National Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | | | | | | | - Yawei Zhang
- Yale University School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Institut Catala d’ Oncologia, Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública
| | | | - Pierre-Antoine Gourraud
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN)
| | | | - Wendy Cozen
- University of Southern California - Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Hospital, Departments of Preventive Medicine and Pathology
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Gregson A, Thompson K, Tsirka SE, Selwood DL. Emerging small-molecule treatments for multiple sclerosis: focus on B cells. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 30863536 PMCID: PMC6402079 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16495.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major cause of disability in young adults. Following an unknown trigger (or triggers), the immune system attacks the myelin sheath surrounding axons, leading to progressive nerve cell death. Antibodies and small-molecule drugs directed against B cells have demonstrated good efficacy in slowing progression of the disease. This review focusses on small-molecule drugs that can affect B-cell biology and may have utility in disease management. The risk genes for MS are examined from the drug target perspective. Existing small-molecule therapies for MS with B-cell actions together with new drugs in development are described. The potential for experimental molecules with B-cell effects is also considered. Small molecules can have diverse actions on B cells and be cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral. The current B cell-directed therapies often kill B-cell subsets, which can be effective but lead to side effects and toxicity. A deeper understanding of B-cell biology and the effect on MS disease should lead to new drugs with better selectivity, efficacy, and an improved safety profile. Small-molecule drugs, once the patent term has expired, provide a uniquely sustainable form of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Gregson
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kaitlyn Thompson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - David L Selwood
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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10
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Guan Y, Jakimovski D, Ramanathan M, Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R. The role of Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis: from molecular pathophysiology to in vivo imaging. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:373-386. [PMID: 30539801 PMCID: PMC6334604 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.245462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal damage. Environmental and genetic factors are associated with the risk of developing MS, but the exact cause still remains unidentified. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), vitamin D, and smoking are among the most well-established environmental risk factors in MS. Infectious mononucleosis, which is caused by delayed primary EBV infection, increases the risk of developing MS. EBV may also contribute to MS pathogenesis indirectly by activating silent human endogenous retrovirus-W. The emerging B-cell depleting therapies, particularly anti-CD20 agents such as rituximab, ocrelizumab, as well as the fully human ofatumumab, have shown promising clinical and magnetic resonance imaging benefit. One potential effect of these therapies is the depletion of memory B-cells, the primary reservoir site where EBV latency occurs. In addition, EBV potentially interacts with both genetic and other environmental factors to increase susceptibility and disease severity of MS. This review examines the role of EBV in MS pathophysiology and summarizes the recent clinical and radiological findings, with a focus on B-cells and in vivo imaging. Addressing the potential link between EBV and MS allows the better understanding of MS pathogenesis and helps to identify additional disease biomarkers that may be responsive to B-cell depleting intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guan
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dejan Jakimovski
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Murali Ramanathan
- Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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11
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Wang J, Van Den Berg D, Hwang AE, Weisenberger D, Triche T, Nathwani BN, Conti DV, Siegmund K, Mack TM, Horvath S, Cozen W. DNA methylation patterns of adult survivors of adolescent/young adult Hodgkin lymphoma compared to their unaffected monozygotic twin. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:1429-1437. [PMID: 30668190 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1533128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) silences gene expression and may play a role in immune dysregulation that is characteristic of adolescent/young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (AYAHL). We used the Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip to quantify DNAm in blood (N = 9 pairs, mean age 57.4 y) or saliva (N = 36 pairs, mean age 50.0 y) from long-term AYAHL survivors and their unaffected co-twins. Epigenetic aging (DNAm age) was calculated using previously described methods and compared between survivors and co-twins using paired t-tests and analyses were stratified by sample type, histology, sex, age at sample collection and time since diagnosis. Differences in blood DNAm age were observed between survivors and unaffected co-twins (64.1 vs. 61.3 years, respectively, p = .04), especially in females (p = .01); no differences in saliva DNAm age were observed. Survivors and co-twins had 74 (in blood DNA) and 6 (in saliva DNA) differentially methylated loci. Our results suggest persistent epigenetic aging in AYAHL survivors long after HL cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Amie E Hwang
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Daniel Weisenberger
- b Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Timothy Triche
- c Department of Translational Genomics , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,d Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids , MI , USA
| | - Bharat N Nathwani
- e Department of Pathology , City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - David V Conti
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Kim Siegmund
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Thomas M Mack
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,f Department of Pathology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- g Department of Biostatistics , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,f Department of Pathology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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12
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Sud A, Thomsen H, Orlando G, Försti A, Law PJ, Broderick P, Cooke R, Hariri F, Pastinen T, Easton DF, Pharoah PDP, Dunning AM, Peto J, Canzian F, Eeles R, Kote-Jarai ZS, Muir K, Pashayan N, Campa D, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Jöckel KH, von Strandmann EP, Swerdlow AJ, Engert A, Orr N, Hemminki K, Houlston RS. Genome-wide association study implicates immune dysfunction in the development of Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2018; 132:2040-2052. [PMID: 30194254 PMCID: PMC6236462 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-06-855296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To further our understanding of inherited susceptibility to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), we performed a meta-analysis of 7 genome-wide association studies totaling 5325 HL cases and 22 423 control patients. We identify 5 new HL risk loci at 6p21.31 (rs649775; P = 2.11 × 10-10), 6q23.3 (rs1002658; P = 2.97 × 10-8), 11q23.1 (rs7111520; P = 1.44 × 10-11), 16p11.2 (rs6565176; P = 4.00 × 10-8), and 20q13.12 (rs2425752; P = 2.01 × 10-8). Integration of gene expression, histone modification, and in situ promoter capture Hi-C data at the 5 new and 13 known risk loci implicates dysfunction of the germinal center reaction, disrupted T-cell differentiation and function, and constitutive NF-κB activation as mechanisms of predisposition. These data provide further insights into the genetic susceptibility and biology of HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hauke Thomsen
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Orlando
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosie Cooke
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Hariri
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, and
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, and
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, and
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - ZSofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Human Genomic Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics and
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics and
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Experimental Tumor Research, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Andreas Engert
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nick Orr
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Wang SS, Carrington M, Berndt SI, Slager SL, Bracci PM, Voutsinas J, Cerhan JR, Smedby KE, Hjalgrim H, Vijai J, Morton LM, Vermeulen R, Paltiel O, Vajdic CM, Linet MS, Nieters A, de Sanjose S, Cozen W, Brown EE, Turner J, Spinelli JJ, Zheng T, Birmann BM, Flowers CR, Becker N, Holly EA, Kane E, Weisenburger D, Maynadie M, Cocco P, Albanes D, Weinstein SJ, Teras LR, Diver WR, Lax SJ, Travis RC, Kaaks R, Riboli E, Benavente Y, Brennan P, McKay J, Delfau-Larue MH, Link BK, Magnani C, Ennas MG, Latte G, Feldman AL, Doo NW, Giles GG, Southey MC, Milne RL, Offit K, Musinsky J, Arslan AA, Purdue MP, Adami HO, Melbye M, Glimelius B, Conde L, Camp NJ, Glenn M, Curtin K, Clavel J, Monnereau A, Cox DG, Ghesquières H, Salles G, Bofetta P, Foretova L, Staines A, Davis S, Severson RK, Lan Q, Brooks-Wilson A, Smith MT, Roman E, Kricker A, Zhang Y, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Hartge P, Skibola CF. HLA Class I and II Diversity Contributes to the Etiologic Heterogeneity of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4086-4096. [PMID: 29735552 PMCID: PMC6065509 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of loci within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region have been implicated in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) etiology. Here, we test a complementary hypothesis of "heterozygote advantage" regarding the role of HLA and NHL, whereby HLA diversity is beneficial and homozygous HLA loci are associated with increased disease risk. HLA alleles at class I and II loci were imputed from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using SNP2HLA for 3,617 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), 2,686 follicular lymphomas (FL), 2,878 chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphomas (CLL/SLL), 741 marginal zone lymphomas (MZL), and 8,753 controls of European descent. Both DLBCL and MZL risk were elevated with homozygosity at class I HLA-B and -C loci (OR DLBCL = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.06-1.60; OR MZL = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.12-1.89) and class II HLA-DRB1 locus (OR DLBCL = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.24-3.55; OR MZL = 2.10, 95% CI = 0.99-4.45). Increased FL risk was observed with the overall increase in number of homozygous HLA class II loci (P trend < 0.0001, FDR = 0.0005). These results support a role for HLA zygosity in NHL etiology and suggests that distinct immune pathways may underly the etiology of the different NHL subtypes.Significance: HLA gene diversity reduces risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Res; 78(14); 4086-96. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S Wang
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and the City of Hope, Duarte, California.
| | - Mary Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, and Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jenna Voutsinas
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Department of Medicine Solna, unit of clinical epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Rishospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ora Paltiel
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Claire M Vajdic
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martha S Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Departments of Preventive Medicine and Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calfornia
| | - Elizabeth E Brown
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and the UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer Turner
- Department of Histopathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nikolaus Becker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eleanor Kane
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marc Maynadie
- Registry of Hematological Malignancies of Cote d'Or, INSERM UMR1231, University of Burgundy and Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Lauren R Teras
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephanie J Lax
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolph Kaaks
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Català d' Oncologia, IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - James McKay
- Department of Immunology, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Delfau-Larue
- Department of Immunology, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- INSERM U 955, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Brian K Link
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Corrado Magnani
- Center of Oncological Prevention (CPO) Piemonte and Unit of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Department Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ennas
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Andrew L Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nicole Wong Doo
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Hematology, Rishospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Musinsky
- Department of Hematology, Rishospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City, New York
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calfornia
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucia Conde
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Martha Glenn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Karen Curtin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, Inserm, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Registre des hémopathies malignes de la Gironde, Institut Bergonié, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Team EPICENE, UMR 1219, France
| | - David G Cox
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM UMR1052, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Hervé Ghesquières
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule UMR 5239, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pierre benite Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Salles
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule UMR 5239, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pierre benite Cedex, France
- Department of Hematology, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud and Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Paulo Bofetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, MF MU, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anthony Staines
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Scott Davis
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard K Severson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Eve Roman
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Kricker
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine F Skibola
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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15
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Sud A, Thomsen H, Law PJ, Försti A, Filho MIDS, Holroyd A, Broderick P, Orlando G, Lenive O, Wright L, Cooke R, Easton D, Pharoah P, Dunning A, Peto J, Canzian F, Eeles R, Kote-Jarai ZS, Muir K, Pashayan N, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Jöckel KH, Strandmann EPV, Lightfoot T, Kane E, Roman E, Lake A, Montgomery D, Jarrett RF, Swerdlow AJ, Engert A, Orr N, Hemminki K, Houlston RS. Genome-wide association study of classical Hodgkin lymphoma identifies key regulators of disease susceptibility. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1892. [PMID: 29196614 PMCID: PMC5711884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several susceptibility loci for classical Hodgkin lymphoma have been reported. However, much of the heritable risk is unknown. Here, we perform a meta-analysis of two existing genome-wide association studies, a new genome-wide association study, and replication totalling 5,314 cases and 16,749 controls. We identify risk loci for all classical Hodgkin lymphoma at 6q22.33 (rs9482849, P = 1.52 × 10-8) and for nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma at 3q28 (rs4459895, P = 9.43 × 10-17), 6q23.3 (rs6928977, P = 4.62 × 10-11), 10p14 (rs3781093, P = 9.49 × 10-13), 13q34 (rs112998813, P = 4.58 × 10-8) and 16p13.13 (rs34972832, P = 2.12 × 10-8). Additionally, independent loci within the HLA region are observed for nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma (rs9269081, HLA-DPB1*03:01, Val86 in HLA-DRB1) and mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma (rs1633096, rs13196329, Val86 in HLA-DRB1). The new and established risk loci localise to areas of active chromatin and show an over-representation of transcription factor binding for determinants of B-cell development and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Hauke Thomsen
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, 221 00, Sweden
| | | | - Amy Holroyd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Giulia Orlando
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Oleg Lenive
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Lauren Wright
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Rosie Cooke
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Douglas Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alison Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - ZSofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 3BB, UK
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | | | | | - Tracy Lightfoot
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Eleanor Kane
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Eve Roman
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Annette Lake
- MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Dorothy Montgomery
- MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ruth F Jarrett
- MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Andreas Engert
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Nick Orr
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, 221 00, Sweden
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
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16
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Mentis AFA, Dardiotis E, Grigoriadis N, Petinaki E, Hadjigeorgiou GM. Viruses and endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis: From correlation to causation. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 136:606-616. [PMID: 28542724 PMCID: PMC7159535 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease with an environmental component. According to a long-standing but unproven hypothesis dating to initial descriptions of multiple sclerosis (MS) at the end of the 19th century, viruses are either directly or indirectly implicated in MS pathogenesis. Whether viruses in MS are principally causal or simply contributory remains to be proven, but many viruses or viral elements-predominantly Epstein-Barr virus, human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) but also less common viruses such as Saffold and measles viruses-are associated with MS. Here, we present an up-to-date and comprehensive review of the main candidate viruses implicated in MS pathogenesis and summarize how these viruses might cause or lead to the hallmark demyelinating and inflammatory lesions of MS. We review data from epidemiological, animal and in vitro studies and in doing so offer a transdisciplinary approach to the topic. We argue that it is crucially important not to interpret "absence of evidence" as "evidence of absence" and that future studies need to focus on distinguishing correlative from causative associations. Progress in the MS-virus field is expected to arise from an increasing body of knowledge on the interplay between viruses and HERVs in MS. Such interactions suggest common HERV-mediated pathways downstream of viral infection that cause both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. We also comment on the limitations of existing studies and provide future research directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.-F. A. Mentis
- Department of Microbiology; University Hospital of Larissa; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
- The Johns Hopkins University, AAP; Baltimore MD USA
| | - E. Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Larissa; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
| | - N. Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology; B’ Department of Neurology; AHEPA University Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - E. Petinaki
- Department of Microbiology; University Hospital of Larissa; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
| | - G. M. Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital of Larissa; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
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