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Lee WH, Larsson SC, Wood A, Di Angelantonio E, Butterworth AS, Burgess S, Allara E. Genetically predicted plasma cortisol and common chronic diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 100:238-244. [PMID: 37667866 PMCID: PMC7615603 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cushing's syndrome is characterized by hypercortisolaemia and is frequently accompanied by comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, depression and schizophrenia. It is unclear whether moderate but lifelong hypercortisolaemia is causally associated with these diseases in the general population. We aimed to address this research gap using a Mendelian randomization approach. METHODS We used three cortisol-associated genetic variants in the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 region as genetic instruments in a two-sample, inverse-variance-weighted Mendelian randomization analysis. We obtained summary-level statistics for cortisol and disease outcomes from publicly available genetic consortia, and meta-analysed them as appropriate. We conducted a multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis to assess potential mediating effects. RESULTS A 1 standard deviation higher genetically predicted plasma cortisol was associated with greater odds of hypertension (odds ratio: 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.18) as well as higher systolic blood pressure (mean difference [MD]: 0.03 SD change; 95% CI: 0.01-0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (MD: 0.03 SD change; 95% CI: 0.01-0.04). There was no evidence of association with type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, depression and schizophrenia. The association with hypertension was attenuated upon adjustment for waist circumference, suggesting potential mediation through central obesity. CONCLUSION There is strong evidence for a causal association between plasma cortisol and greater risk for hypertension, potentially mediated by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Lee
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Uni, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angela Wood
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Uni, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Victor Philip Dahdaleh National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Uni, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Victor Philip Dahdaleh National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Science Research Centre, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Uni, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Victor Philip Dahdaleh National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Uni, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elias Allara
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Uni, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Victor Philip Dahdaleh National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Han C. Exposure to earthquakes and development of ischemic heart disease. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:446. [PMID: 38347530 PMCID: PMC10863258 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence regarding the effect of earthquake exposure on the development of cardiovascular diseases is limited. This study evaluated the association between the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake, which had a magnitude of 5.8, and over 600 subsequent aftershocks occurring within a year in Korea, with the development of ischemic heart disease (IHD) among residents of Gyeongju. METHODS Ten years (2010-2019) of medical records from a randomly selected cohort of residents (n = 540,858) in Gyeongju and 3 control cities were acquired from the national health insurance service. Employing difference-in-difference and meta-analyses, the risks of IHD development of Gyeongju residents before (reference: Sep 2014 to Aug 2015; period 1: Sep 2015 to Aug 2016) and after (period 2: Sep 2016 to Aug 2017; period 3: Sep 2017 to Aug 2018; period 4: Sep 2018 to Aug 2019) the earthquake were estimated. RESULTS The monthly average incidence of IHD in Gyeongju was 39.5 persons (per 1,000,000) for reference period and 38.4 persons for period 1. However, the number increased to 58.5 persons in period 2, and 49.8 persons in period 3, following the earthquake. The relative risk (RR) [with a 95% confidence interval] of developing IHD among Gyeongju residents increased by 1.58 times (1.43, 1.73) in period 2, 1.33 times (1.21, 1.46) in period 3, and 1.15 times (1.04, 1.27) in period 4, in comparison to both the control cities and the pre-earthquake reference period. The increase in RR was particularly noticeable among women, adults aged 25-44, and individuals with lower incomes. CONCLUSIONS The major earthquake in Korea was associated with an increase in the development of IHD among local residents. Individuals exposed to earthquakes may benefit from cardiovascular health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwoo Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, 266, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, 35015, Daejeon, Korea.
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Anshori F, Kamal AF, Prabowo Y, Kekalih A, Febrianto R, Purnaning D, Dilogo IH. The Outcome of Orthopedics Treatment of Lombok Earthquake Victim 2018: A Cohort of One-Year Follow-Up Study-Lesson Learned After Lombok Earthquake. Orthop Res Rev 2023; 15:91-103. [PMID: 37193319 PMCID: PMC10182807 DOI: 10.2147/orr.s387625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There was a magnitude 7 on the Richter scale earthquake on Lombok Island in 2018, causing more than 500 deaths. In the event of earthquakes, there is often an imbalance between overcrowding in hospitals and inadequate resources. The initial management of earthquake victims with musculoskeletal injuries is controversial, arguing over whether to utilize debridement, external or internal fixation, or conservative or operative treatment in an acute onset disaster situation. This study aims to determine the outcome of initial management after the 2018 Lombok earthquake, between immediate open-reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and Non-ORIF procedures after one year follow-up. Methods This is a cohort study to evaluate radiological and clinical outcomes one year after orthopedic treatment in the Lombok earthquake 2018. The subjects were recruited from eight public health center and one hospital in Lombok in September 2019. We evaluate radiological outcomes (non/malunion and union) and clinical outcomes (infection and SF-36 score). Results Based on 73 subjects, the ORIF group has a higher union rate than the non-ORIF group (31.1% vs. 68.9%; p = 0.021). Incidence of infection only appeared in the ORIF group (23.5%). Clinical outcome as measured by SF36 showed the ORIF group had a lower mean of general health (p = 0.042) and health change (p = 0.039) clinical outcomes than the non-ORIF group. Discussion The most affected public group is the productive age with significant impact on social-economy. ORIF procedure is a major risk factor of infection in initial treatment after earthquake. Therefore, definitive operation with internal fixation is not recommended in the initial phase of a disaster. Damage Control Orthopedic (DCO) surgery protocol is the treatment of choice in acute disaster setting. Conclusion The ORIF group had better radiological outcomes than the non-ORIF group. However the ORIF group had higher cases of infection and lower SF-36 than the non-ORIF group. Definitive treatment in acute onset disaster setting should be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmi Anshori
- Departement of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Fauzi Kamal
- Departement of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yogi Prabowo
- Departement of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aria Kekalih
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Febrianto
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Mataram -Regional General Hospital of West Nusa Tenggara, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Purnaning
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Mataram -Regional General Hospital of West Nusa Tenggara, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Ismail Hadisoebroto Dilogo
- Departement of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Han C. Seismic activity and development of mood disorders: Findings from the 2016 Kyungju earthquake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161328. [PMID: 36603645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An earthquake with a moment magnitude of 5.8 occurred in Kyungju on 12 September 2016. Although the earthquake was the largest seismic activity in Korean history, there were no direct casualties from the event. This study evaluated whether a moderate-level earthquake is related to acute development of mood disorders in earthquake-exposed residents. MATERIAL AND METHODS The healthcare information of residents (n = 865,263) living in Kyungju and control cities (Gimpo, Jeonju, Gimhae, and Pohang) over a 10-year period (from 2010 to 2019) was gathered from the national health insurance database. Difference-in-difference analysis was used to compare the daily incidence of mood disorders (manic episode; bipolar affective disorder; depressive episode; recurrent depressive disorder) 20 weeks before (reference: -20 to -11 weeks, period 1: -10 to -1 weeks) and after (period 2: 0-9 weeks, period 3: 10-19 weeks) the earthquake. Subregional analyses based on the distance to the epicenter and stratification analyses by sex, age, and income were conducted. RESULTS The weekly average incidence rate (/100,000 persons) of mood disorders in Kyungju residents increased from 27.0 (-20 to -11 weeks) and 28.3 (-10 to -1 weeks) persons before the earthquake, to 38.1 persons (0 to 9 weeks) after the earthquake. A significant increase in the risk of developing mood disorders was observed in Kyungju residents during the 0 to 9 weeks after the earthquake when compared to the control cities [relative risk (95 % confidence intervals): vs. Gimpo, 1.40 (1.05, 1.88); vs. Jeonju, 1.45 (1.14, 1.84); vs. Gimhae, 1.48 (1.14, 1.93)]. The increase was more prominent in women, low-income individuals, and those living closer to the epicenter. CONCLUSION Moderate-level earthquakes without direct casualties may cause mood disorders in residents living in affected areas. Mental health aid programs should be provided to earthquake victims even if the earthquake has caused limited life and property loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwoo Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; KDI School of Public Policy and Management, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
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Ishikuro M, Obara T, Murakami K, Ueno F, Noda A, Kikuya M, Sugawara J, Metoki H, Kuriyama S. Relation of Disaster Exposure With Maternal Characteristics and Obstetric Outcomes: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. J Epidemiol 2023; 33:127-135. [PMID: 34219121 PMCID: PMC9909171 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study analyzed the relation of disaster exposure prior to pregnancy with maternal characteristics and obstetric outcomes. METHODS The participants were 13,148 pregnant women recruited from 2013 to 2017. The women were classified into three groups by the severity of housing damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011: group A, house was not destroyed/did not live in the disaster area; group B, half/part of the house was destroyed; and group C, house was totally/mostly destroyed. Maternal characteristics, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and gestational weeks were obtained using questionnaires and medical records. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the relation between disaster exposure and maternal characteristics, HDP, and GDM. A structural equation model was applied to investigate the relation of disaster exposure with HDP and gestational weeks. RESULTS The homes of about 11% of the women were totally/mostly destroyed. For groups B and C compared with those in group A, the adjusted ORs for HDP were 1.04 and 1.26 (P for trend = 0.01), and for GDM were 0.89 and 1.14 (P for trend = 0.9), respectively. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) mediated 23.2% of the relation between disaster exposure and HDP. Disaster exposure was associated with gestational weeks. CONCLUSION Disaster exposure at least 2.5 years before pregnancy was found to be associated with maternal characteristics and the prevalence of HDP. Pre-pregnancy BMI mediated the relation between disaster exposure and the prevalence of HDP, and gestational weeks were reduced through HDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Ishikuro
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Taku Obara
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine.,Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Aoi Noda
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine.,Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Masahiro Kikuya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Hirohito Metoki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University.,Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine.,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University
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Kanamori Y, Ide-Okochi A, Samiso T. Factors Related to Physical Activity among Older Adults Who Relocated to a New Community after the Kumamoto Earthquake: A Study from the Viewpoint of Social Capital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3995. [PMID: 36901004 PMCID: PMC10002188 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown an association between social capital and physical activity in older adults. Older adults who relocated after the Kumamoto earthquake may become physically inactive, and the extent of this inactivity may be buffered by social capital. Accordingly, this study applied the social capital perspective to examine factors that affect the physical activity of older adults who relocated to a new community after the Kumamoto earthquake. We conducted a self-administered mail questionnaire survey with 1494 (613 male, 881 female, mean age 75.12 ± 7.41 years) evacuees from temporary housing in Kumamoto City, aged 65 years and above, who relocated to a new community after the earthquake. We performed a binomial logistic regression to examine the factors affecting participants' physical activity. The results showed that physical inactivity (decreased opportunities for physical activity, decreased walking speed, and no exercise habits) was significantly associated with non-participation in community activities, lack of information about community activities, and being aged 75 years and over. Lack of social support from friends was significantly associated with lack of exercise habits. These findings encourage participation in community activities, alongside giving and receiving social support in health activities that target older adults who relocated to new communities after the earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumie Kanamori
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City 862-0976, Japan
| | - Ayako Ide-Okochi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City 862-0976, Japan
| | - Tomonori Samiso
- Health and Welfare Policy Division, Health and Welfare Bureau, Kumamoto City 860-0808, Japan
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Ciuffini R, Marrelli A, Leuter C, Stratta P, Paladini A, Ciccozzi A, Marsili I, Marinangeli F, Piroli A. The stress response of intensive care unit medical doctors facing repeated severe emergencies. Front Psychol 2022; 13:895954. [PMID: 36506986 PMCID: PMC9730870 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.895954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study assesses the psychopathological distress experienced by doctors working in an Intensive care unit (ICU) during the COVID-19 pandemic. These doctors were the same who faced the consequences of a previous natural disaster, a severe 6.3 magnitude earthquake. A second objective is to evaluate their current mental attitude, professional performances and coping strategies adopted in the pandemic in relation to the conditioning effect of that first emergency, the earthquake. Methods Thirty-seven ICU medical doctors were recruited and assessed using Rapid Stress Assessment (RSA) rating scale, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III. Comparison between exposure to the earthquake and COVID pandemic has been made in terms of professional role and psychological burden. Results Comparison between 2009 earthquake catastrophe and COVID pandemic conditions evidenced relevant changes in professional role, team, environment, shifts, and work organization. Conclusion The doctors, who already experienced the 2009 earthquake reported a feeling of greater insecurity facing this latter catastrophe, the COVID pandemic, as well as perception of greater concern for their family and the global situation. However, having participated in the medical management of another emergency (the 2009 earthquake) appears to have contributed to limiting demoralization and psychological distress. The feeling of having greater decision-making possibilities and participation in the organization of work, strengthen coping skills in the face of the emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ciuffini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonella Paladini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ciccozzi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Ida Marsili
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Franco Marinangeli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alba Piroli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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Valladares-Garrido MJ, Zapata-Castro LE, Valdiviezo-Morales CG, García-Vicente A, León-Figueroa DA, Calle-Preciado R, Failoc-Rojas VE, Pereira-Victorio CJ, Díaz-Vélez C. Factors Associated with Knowledge of Evacuation Routes and Having an Emergency Backpack in Individuals Affected by a Major Earthquake in Piura, Peru. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14686. [PMID: 36429403 PMCID: PMC9690285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Information on the prevention of earthquakes in Peru, a high-risk country, is still emerging. We determined the frequency and factors associated with knowledge of evacuation routes and the use of emergency backpacks in people affected by a major earthquake. A cross-sectional study using secondary data was conducted from August-December 2021 on people that experienced the 6.1 magnitude earthquake that occurred in Piura, Peru on 30 July 2021. The outcome was self-reported knowledge of evacuation routes and the use of emergency backpacks. The association with self-reported earthquake preparation training, use of sources of information on earthquakes, and sociodemographic variables was investigated. A total of 69.5% of participants knew evacuation routes, and 46.3% had an emergency backpack. A higher frequency of knowledge of evacuation routes was associated with previous training (PR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.15-1.87), use of the media (PR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.06-1.72), having received information from the COEN (PR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02-1.40), and with a greater number of household members (PR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06). There is a high frequency of knowledge of evacuation routes among participants. However, basic notions of prevention culture are still needed. This research contributes to policy development on earthquake preparation at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Luis E. Zapata-Castro
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
| | - Christopher G. Valdiviezo-Morales
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Abigaíl García-Vicente
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
| | - Darwin A. León-Figueroa
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Raúl Calle-Preciado
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
| | - Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
- Research Unit for Generation and Synthesis Evidence in Health, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
| | | | - Cristian Díaz-Vélez
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo 13008, Peru
- Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo, EsSalud, Chiclayo 14001, Peru
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Appraising Evidence-Based Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) Guidelines—PART II: A Content Analysis with Implications for Disaster Risk Reduction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137798. [PMID: 35805457 PMCID: PMC9265945 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
High quality mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) guidelines are indispensable for policy and practice to address the mental health consequences of disasters. This contribution complements a review that assessed the methodological quality of 13 MHPSS guidelines. We analyzed the content of the four highest-ranking guidelines and explored implications for disaster risk reduction (DRR). A qualitative explorative thematic analysis was conducted. The four guidelines proved largely similar, overlapping or at least complementary in their MHPSS definitions, stated purpose of the guidelines, user and target groups, terminology, and models used. Many recommended MHPSS measures and interventions were found in all of the guidelines and could be assigned to five categories: basic relief, information provision, emotional and social support, practical support, and health care. The guidelines stress the importance of monitoring needs and problems, evaluating the effect of service delivery, deliberate implementation and preparation, and investments in proper conditions and effective coordination across professions, agencies, and sectors. The MHPSS knowledge base embedded in the guidelines is comprehensive, coherent, and sufficiently universal to serve as the “overarching framework” considered missing yet vital for the integration of MHPSS approaches in DRR. Although application contexts differ geographically, this common ground should allow policymakers and practitioners globally to plan, implement, and evaluate MHPSS actions contributing to DRR, ideally together with target groups.
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van Herpen MM, Dückers MLA, Schaap R, Olff M, te Brake H. Online One-Stop Shop for Disaster Response Services After the MH17 Airplane Crash: An Evaluation Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:832840. [PMID: 35586001 PMCID: PMC9108207 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.832840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A one-stop shop for disaster response services provides a central location for information and advice in an accessible way. Yet little is known about its organization and outcomes. After the MH17 airplane crash, the one-stop shop concept was realized through a digital environment called the Information and Referral Center (IRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the experiences of users and providers in regard to the IRC and to identify improvement points for future IRCs. Method Data was collected among affected ones as well as involved organizations, using interviews, focus groups, surveys and online user information. Existing evaluation and quality models were combined to design the study and analyze the data. Results First, affected ones and a variety of organizations involved were positive about the merits of the IRC. Affected ones indicated they perceived the IRC as a reliable source of information and appreciated the referral possibilities. Second, the feature of the IRC to serve as a community where affected ones could meet, share experiences and support each other was hardly used according to participants. Lastly, tracking evolving psychosocial needs and problems through the IRC was hampered due to difficulty in accessing relevant data. Conclusions The IRC helped organizations to structure and align their services. Affected ones were positive about its reliability and accessibility. An IRC has to be embedded within the established care structures. Future research could indicate whether an IRC is useful in other event types and population contexts as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel M. van Herpen
- ARQ Centre of Expertise for the Impact of Disasters and Crises, Diemen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience & Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel L. A. Dückers
- ARQ Centre of Expertise for the Impact of Disasters and Crises, Diemen, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, Netherlands
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rick Schaap
- ARQ Centre of Expertise for the Impact of Disasters and Crises, Diemen, Netherlands
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience & Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, Netherlands
| | - Hans te Brake
- ARQ Centre of Expertise for the Impact of Disasters and Crises, Diemen, Netherlands
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Nascimento-Souza MA, Firmo JOA, Souza Júnior PRBD, Peixoto SV. Fatores sociodemográficos e de área de residência associados à multimorbidade: resultados do Projeto Saúde Brumadinho. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220006.supl.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de multimorbidade e os fatores sociodemográficos e de área de residência associados a essa condição entre adultos residentes em Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado a partir dos dados da linha de base do Projeto Saúde Brumadinho, que foi conduzida no ano de 2021 e incluiu 2.777 indivíduos com 18 anos ou mais. A variável desfecho foi a multimorbidade, definida pela existência de duas ou mais entre 20 doenças crônicas. As variáveis exploratórias foram sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, cor da pele e área de residência. A associação entre as variáveis exploratórias e a multimorbidade foi avaliada pela regressão logística. Resultados: A prevalência de multimorbidade foi de 53,8% (IC95% 50,6–56,9). Maior chance de multimorbidade foi encontrada entre as mulheres (ORajustado=2,5; IC95% 1,9–3,2), nos participantes com idade entre 40 e 59 (ORajustado= 2,8; IC95% 1,8–4,3) ou com 60 anos ou mais (ORajustado= 7,9; IC95% 4,7–13,4) e nos residentes em áreas que foram diretamente atingidas pelo rompimento da barragem (ORajustado=1,6; IC95% 1,3–2,0). Conclusão: A elevada carga de multimorbidade sobre a população de Brumadinho requer medidas preventivas eficazes e ações no âmbito populacional, mas principalmente entre aqueles grupos mais vulneráveis, ou seja, mulheres, indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos bem como aqueles diretamente atingidos pelo rompimento da barragem, além de oferta oportuna de cuidados de saúde, de modo a reverter esse quadro apresentado.
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Nascimento-Souza MA, Firmo JOA, Souza Júnior PRBD, Peixoto SV. Sociodemographic and residential factors associated with multimorbity: results of Brumadinho Health Project. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022; 25:e220006. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220006.supl.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of multimorbidity and sociodemographic and residential factors associated with this condition among adults living in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. Methods: Cross-sectional study with baseline data from the Brumadinho Health Project, conducted in 2021 and comprising 2,777 individuals aged 18 years and over. The outcome variable was multimorbidity, defined by the existence of two or more of 20 chronic diseases. The exploratory variables were sex, age group, educational level, skin color and area of residence according to the dam failure. The association between exploratory variables and multimorbidity was assessed by logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 53.8% (95%CI 50.6–56.9). A greater chance of multimorbidity was found among women (adjusted OR=2.5; 95%CI 1.9–3.2), in participants aged between 40 and 59 (adjusted OR=2.8; 95%CI 1.8–4.3) or 60 years and older (adjusted OR=7.9; 95%CI 4.7–13.4) and in residents of the areas that were directly affected by the dam failure (adjusted OR=1.6; 95%CI 1.3–2.0). Conclusion: The burden of multimorbidity on the population of Brumadinho requires effective preventive measures and actions to the whole population, but mainly to the most vulnerable groups, that is, women, middle-aged and older individuals, and those directly affected by the dam failure, in addition to a timely provision of health care to reverse this situation.
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Peixoto SV, Firmo JOA, Fróes-Asmus CIR, Mambrini JVDM, Freitas CMD, Lima-Costa MF, Souza Júnior PRBD. Brumadinho Health Project: methodological aspects and epidemiological profile of participants in the cohort baseline. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022; 25:e220002. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220002.supl.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Objective: To present the methodological aspects of the Brumadinho Health Project and to describe the epidemiological profile of participants in the baseline cohort. Methods: Prospective, population-based cohort study in a representative sample of residents (aged 12 and over) of Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, after a mining tailings dam failure. Information for the baseline was collected in 2021, two years after the mining tailings dam collapsed, including sociodemographic, health and service use aspects, among others. Prevalence estimates of health outcomes were described in Brumadinho, as well as in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte and Minas Gerais, using data from the 2019 National Health Survey. All analyses were performed in the software Stata 17.0, considering the sampling weights and design effect. Results: 3,080 (86.4%) residents participated in the study, most of them being females (56.7%) and with a mean age of 46.1 years. The diseases more frequently reported were arterial hypertension (30.1%), high cholesterol (23.1%) and depression (22.5%), similarly to what was observed in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte and Minas Gerais, although the prevalence in Brumadinho was higher. At least one medical appointment and one hospitalization occurred in 75.2% and 9.4% of residents in the past year, respectively. Conclusion: It is important to monitor health, physical and mental conditions of residents after the occurrence of a disaster of this magnitude. This information can contribute with risk management of these processes, not only in the affected municipality, but also in other areas where populations are at risk of major disasters.
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Jerez MP, Madero-Cabib I. Trajectories of family and employment stress associated with cerebrovascular accidents. Rev Saude Publica 2021; 55:101. [PMID: 34910029 PMCID: PMC8621564 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.20210550033253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Reconstruct types of simultaneous stress trajectories in the family and employment domain at different stages of life and estimate their association with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in old age. METHODS: We used a retrospective, face-to-face, representative survey of people aged 65 to 75 years in the city of Santiago, Chile, (n = 802). We performed a multichannel sequence analysis to reconstruct family and employment stress trajectory types at various life stages and then used logistic regression models to estimate the association of these trajectory types with CVA in old age, controlled for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Four representative types of family and employment stress trajectories were identified: (1) Absence of family and employment stress, (2) Absence of family stress, persistent employment stress, (3) Absence of family stress, out of the labor market, and (4) Persistent family stress, absence of employment stress. The 61.7% of the sample followed trajectories marked by the permanent presence of family and/or employment stress. Likewise, 18.3% had a trajectory characterized by prolonged absence from the labor market. Individuals with persistent family or employment stress trajectories, as well as those with extended periods of inactivity, are more at risk of developing CVA. CONCLUSIONS: Stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease experienced by many people at different stages and domains of life on a prolonged basis. Consequently, prevention systems for this type of chronic diseases should emphasize the highly harmful effects of daily and cumulatively stressful life experiences. This could mitigate the multiple health and financial consequences associated with CVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pilar Jerez
- Magíster en Salud Pública. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Madero-Cabib
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Sociología & Departamento de Salud Pública. Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for the Study of the Life Course and Vulnerability (MLIV). Santiago, Chile
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15
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Dückers MLA, Baliatsas C, Spreeuwenberg P, Verheij RA, Reifels L, Yzermans CJ. Immediate and long-term health impact of exposure to gas-mining induced earthquakes and related environmental stressors. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:715-721. [PMID: 33496336 PMCID: PMC8514061 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the public health impact of chronic exposure to physical and social stressors in the human environment. Objective of this study was to investigate the immediate and long-term health effects of living in an environment with gas-mining induced earthquakes and related stressors in the Netherlands. METHODS Data on psychological, somatic and social problems recorded routinely in electronic health records by general practitioners during a 6-year period (2010-2015) were combined with socioeconomic status and seismicity data. To assess immediate health effects of exposure to ML≥1.5 earthquakes, relative risk ratios were calculated for patients in the week of an earthquake and the week afterwards, and compared to the week before the earthquake. To analyse long-term health effects, relative risks of different groups, adjusted for age, sex and socioeconomic status, were computed per year and compared. RESULTS Apart from an increase in suicidality, few immediate health changes were found in an earthquake week or week afterwards. Generally, the prevalence of health problems was higher in the mining province in the first years, but dropped to levels equal to or even below the control group in subsequent years, with lower relative risks observed in more frequently exposed patients. CONCLUSIONS From a public health perspective, the findings are fascinating. Contrary to our expectation, health problems presented in general practice in the earthquake province decreased during the study period. More frequently exposed populations reported fewer health issues to general practitioners, which might point at health adaptation to chronic exposure to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel L A Dückers
- Nivel—Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christos Baliatsas
- Nivel—Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Spreeuwenberg
- Nivel—Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Verheij
- Nivel—Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences (TRANZO), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart Reifels
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - C Joris Yzermans
- Nivel—Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Babaie J, Pashaei Asl Y, Naghipour B, Faridaalaee G. Cardiovascular Diseases in Natural Disasters; a Systematic Review. ARCHIVES OF ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2021; 9:e36. [PMID: 34027431 PMCID: PMC8126350 DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v9i1.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: As a result of destruction and lack of access to vital infrastructures and mental stress, disasters intensify cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and hence management of CVDs becomes more challenging. The aim of this study is investigating incidence and prevalence of CVDs, morbidity and mortality of CVDs, treatment and management of CVDs at the time of natural disasters. Methods: In the present systematic review, the articles published in English language until 28. 11. 2020, which studied CVDs in natural disasters were included. The inclusion criteria were CVDs such as myocardial infarction (MI), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), hypertension (HTN), pulmonary edema, and heart failure (HF) in natural disasters such as earthquake, flood, storm, hurricane, cyclone, typhoon, and tornado. Result: The search led to accessing 4426 non-duplicate records. Finally, the data of 104 articles were included in quality appraisal. We managed to find 4, 21 and 79 full text articles, which considered cardiovascular diseases at the time of flood, storm, and earthquake, respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence of CVD increases after disasters. Lack of access to medication or lack of medication adjustment, losing home blood pressure monitor as a result of destruction and physical and mental stress after disasters are of the most significant challenges of controlling and managing CVDs. By means of quick establishment of health clinics, quick access to appropriate diagnosis and treatment, providing and access to medication, self-management, and self-care incentives along with appropriate medication and non-medication measures to control stress, we can better manage and control cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Babaie
- Department of Health Policy& Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Pashaei Asl
- Department of Health Policy& Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Naghipour
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Faridaalaee
- Emergency Medicine Research Team, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.,Disaster Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Medved S, Imširagić AS, Salopek I, Puljić D, Handl H, Kovač M, Peleš AM, Štimac Grbic D, Romančuk L, MuŽić R, Zeeman LS, Kuzman MR. Case Series: Managing Severe Mental Illness in Disaster Situation: the Croatian Experience After 2020 Earthquake. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:795661. [PMID: 35185639 PMCID: PMC8847377 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.795661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
On the 29th of December 2020, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Petrinja in the Croatian Sisak-Moslavina County experienced a strong earthquake, resulting in a severe disruption in mental health service delivery. Specialized care community mental health teams were introduced days within the event with the aim to bridge the gap in psychiatric care that was severely disturbed in the region affected by the earthquake. Through a case series of patients with SMI, we describe how care was quickly deployed and delivered after a natural disaster and during a pandemic resulting in their functional recovery. Community mental health teams have the potential to provide feasible, comprehensive, and accessible mental health services, and their continued implementation in the post-disaster period in Croatia could be beneficial for care management of people with severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Medved
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Igor Salopek
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital Karlovac, Karlovac, Croatia
| | - Dragan Puljić
- Neuropsychiatric Hospital "Dr Ivan Barbot", Popovača, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Handl
- University Psychiatric Clinic "Sveti Ivan", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Kovač
- Neuropsychiatric Hospital "Dr Ivan Barbot", Popovača, Croatia
| | - Alma Mihaljević Peleš
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Štimac Grbic
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Romančuk
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital Karlovac, Karlovac, Croatia
| | - Roberto MuŽić
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Laura Shields Zeeman
- Department of Mental Health Prevention, Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Martina Rojnić Kuzman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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All-Cause Mortality After the Great East Japan Earthquake in Fukushima Prefecture: Trends From 2009 to 2016 and Variation by Displacement. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 15:703-706. [PMID: 32624087 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9 earthquake (the Great East Japan Earthquake) occurred off the east coast of Japan. After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accidents, as of 2016, people were not allowed to live in the 6 districts (Tomioka, Okuma, Futaba, Namie, Katsurao, Iidate) in Fukushima Prefecture. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of displacement on all-cause mortality in Fukushima Prefecture. METHODS Data regarding population and deaths from 2009 to 2016 in Fukushima Prefecture were obtained from the governmental statistics. The age-adjusted all-cause mortality were compared among the 4 areas in Fukushima Prefecture; the Eastern, Middle, Western, and Displacement areas. RESULTS The age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates in the Eastern and Displacement areas were higher than in the other 2 areas from 2009 to 2011. During the period from 2012 to 2016, all-cause mortality in the Displacement area decreased to the lowest, while the morality in the Eastern area remained the highest. CONCLUSIONS Against all expectations, after the earthquake, all-cause mortality in the Displacement area was continuously lower than in the rest of the Fukushima Prefecture. Following disasters, long-term monitoring should be organized to meet local health-care needs.
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Cheval S, Mihai Adamescu C, Georgiadis T, Herrnegger M, Piticar A, Legates DR. Observed and Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4140. [PMID: 32532012 PMCID: PMC7311982 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Various environmental factors influence the outbreak and spread of epidemic or even pandemic events which, in turn, may cause feedbacks on the environment. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic on 13 March 2020 and its rapid onset, spatial extent and complex consequences make it a once-in-a-century global disaster. Most countries responded by social distancing measures and severely diminished economic and other activities. Consequently, by the end of April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous environmental impacts, both positive such as enhanced air and water quality in urban areas, and negative, such as shoreline pollution due to the disposal of sanitary consumables. This study presents an early overview of the observed and potential impacts of the COVID-19 on the environment. We argue that the effects of COVID-19 are determined mainly by anthropogenic factors which are becoming obvious as human activity diminishes across the planet, and the impacts on cities and public health will be continued in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Cheval
- “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy, 500183 Brașov, Romania; (S.C.); (A.P.)
- National Meteorological Administration, 013686 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Mihai Adamescu
- Research Center for Systems Ecology and Sustainability, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Mathew Herrnegger
- Institute for Hydrology and Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Adrian Piticar
- “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy, 500183 Brașov, Romania; (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - David R. Legates
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2541, USA;
- Department of Applied Economics and Statistics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2541, USA
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Bandaru S, Sano S, Shimizu Y, Seki Y, Okano Y, Sasaki T, Wada H, Otsuki T, Ito T. Impact of heavy rains of 2018 in western Japan: disaster-induced health outcomes among the population of Innoshima Island. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03942. [PMID: 32490225 PMCID: PMC7256463 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Southwestern Japan suffered its worst rains in 2018 causing floods and mudslides, claiming 225 lives and forcing millions for evacuations. Referred as "Heisei san-jū-nenshichi-gatsugōu", the disaster was the result of incessant precipitation caused by the interaction of typhoon "Prapiroon" with the seasonal rain front "Baiu". The present epidemiological study aims to investigate disaster-induced health issues in 728 residents of Innoshima island in the Hiroshima Prefecture by comparing their clinical data in pre-disaster (2017) and disaster-hit (2018) years which was obtained from annual health screening. Comparison of data showed a significant increase in the urine protein concentration in victims following the disaster. Probing further into the household conditions, showed that a total of 59,844 households were affected with water outage during the heavy rains, which was accompanied by severe damage of sewerage pipelines with complete recovery process taking two weeks. This two weeks of the crisis forced victims to refrain from using restrooms which in turn led to infrequent urination, thereby explaining the increased urine protein concentration in victims following the disaster. The present study addresses the acute health implications caused by the water crisis and serves as a precautionary measure for disaster management council to provide enhanced aftercare services in victims in further events of natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Bandaru
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shunji Sano
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yurika Shimizu
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Seki
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Okano
- Hitz Hitachi Zosen Health Insurance Association Clinic at Innoshima, Onomichi, Hiroshima, Japan.,Innoshima General Hospital, Onomichi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tamaki Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideho Wada
- Department of Hematology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takemi Otsuki
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ito
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Atti del 52° Congresso Nazionale: Società Italiana di Igiene, Medicina Preventiva e Sanità Pubblica (SItI). JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2019; 60:E1-E384. [PMID: 31777763 PMCID: PMC6865078 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.3s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Kloner RA. Lessons learned about stress and the heart after major earthquakes. Am Heart J 2019; 215:20-26. [PMID: 31260902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that certain stressors can trigger cardiovascular events. Several studies have now demonstrated an increase in major adverse cardiac events associated with natural disasters such as an earthquake. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on earthquakes and cardiovascular events. Reports from 13 major quakes were reported. Earthquakes have been associated with a number of cardiac events including sudden cardiac death, fatal myocardial infarction (MI), myocardial infarction, stress cardiomyopathy, heart failure, stroke, arrhythmias, hypertension and pulmonary embolism. Most reports were associated with earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 or greater. Cardiac events were reported within hours of the quakes. In some reports there was a sharp spike in cardiac events followed by a decrease; but in other quakes the increases in cardiac events lasted weeks, months and even years. There often was an association between the cardiac events and amount of personal property loss. The Great East Japan Earthquake was an unusual event in that it was associated with a major tsunami and cardiac events appeared worse in inundated areas due to flooding. Some but not all reports suggested more MIs associated with early morning earthquakes that woke up the population. Hospitals in earthquake-prone areas should consider developing plans for handling increases in myocardial infarctions and other cardiac events that are associated with earthquakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Kloner
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Pasadena, CA, and Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Dept. of Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Los Angeles, CA..
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D'Aloisio F, Vittorini P, Giuliani AR, Scatigna M, Del Papa J, Muselli M, Baccari G, Fabiani L. Hospitalization Rates for Respiratory Diseases After L'Aquila Earthquake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122109. [PMID: 31207898 PMCID: PMC6616506 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the impact of the earthquake on public health, in terms of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in the Abruzzo region, focusing on the area damaged by the earthquake “Crater”. We collected data of hospitalizations of residents in Abruzzo between 2009 and 2015. Hospital Discharge Records (HDRs) with a primary diagnosis of respiratory disease were included and divided into pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and respiratory insufficiency. Absolute frequencies and standardized hospitalization rates were calculated to perform both a short-term and a medium-long term analysis. A linear regression was performed using standardized hospitalization rates and the time. A total of 108.669 respiratory-related records were collected and the most frequent subgroup was respiratory insufficiency. Standardized Hospitalization Rates (SHRs) for respiratory diseases resulted higher in the non-Crater than Crater area, but the short-term analysis showed a significant increase in hospitalizations for pneumonia and respiratory insufficiency in the Crater area. The medium-long term analysis reported a significant difference on the slope decrease of hospitalizations for acute and chronic respiratory diseases in the Crater versus the non-Crater area. The earthquake may have played a triggering role in the increased detection of respiratory diseases. A temporal relationship between the quake and an increase in admissions was found although it is not yet possible to detect a direct cause-effect relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Aloisio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi, 1-67100 L'Aquila (AQ), Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Vittorini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi, 1-67100 L'Aquila (AQ), Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Giuliani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi, 1-67100 L'Aquila (AQ), Italy.
| | - Maria Scatigna
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi, 1-67100 L'Aquila (AQ), Italy.
| | - Jacopo Del Papa
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi, 1-67100 L'Aquila (AQ), Italy.
| | - Mario Muselli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi, 1-67100 L'Aquila (AQ), Italy.
| | - Giorgio Baccari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi, 1-67100 L'Aquila (AQ), Italy.
| | - Leila Fabiani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi, 1-67100 L'Aquila (AQ), Italy.
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