1
|
Galanis C, Neuhaus L, Hananeia N, Turi Z, Jedlicka P, Vlachos A. Axon morphology and intrinsic cellular properties determine repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation threshold for plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1374555. [PMID: 38638302 PMCID: PMC11025360 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1374555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely used therapeutic tool in neurology and psychiatry, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Standardizing stimulus parameters, specifically electric field strength, is crucial in experimental and clinical settings. It enables meaningful comparisons across studies and facilitates the translation of findings into clinical practice. However, the impact of biophysical properties inherent to the stimulated neurons and networks on the outcome of rTMS protocols remains not well understood. Consequently, achieving standardization of biological effects across different brain regions and subjects poses a significant challenge. Methods This study compared the effects of 10 Hz repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) in entorhino-hippocampal tissue cultures from mice and rats, providing insights into the impact of the same stimulation protocol on similar neuronal networks under standardized conditions. Results We observed the previously described plastic changes in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strength of CA1 pyramidal neurons in both mouse and rat tissue cultures, but a higher stimulation intensity was required for the induction of rMS-induced synaptic plasticity in rat tissue cultures. Through systematic comparison of neuronal structural and functional properties and computational modeling, we found that morphological parameters of CA1 pyramidal neurons alone are insufficient to explain the observed differences between the groups. Although morphologies of mouse and rat CA1 neurons showed no significant differences, simulations confirmed that axon morphologies significantly influence individual cell activation thresholds. Notably, differences in intrinsic cellular properties were sufficient to account for the 10% higher intensity required for the induction of synaptic plasticity in the rat tissue cultures. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the critical importance of axon morphology and intrinsic cellular properties in predicting the plasticity effects of rTMS, carrying valuable implications for the development of computer models aimed at predicting and standardizing the biological effects of rTMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Galanis
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena Neuhaus
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Hananeia
- 3R-Zentrum Gießen, Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Zsolt Turi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- 3R-Zentrum Gießen, Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thorstensen JR, Henderson TT, Kavanagh JJ. Serotonergic and noradrenergic contributions to motor cortical and spinal motoneuronal excitability in humans. Neuropharmacology 2024; 242:109761. [PMID: 37838337 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Animal models indicate that motor behaviour is shaped by monoamine neuromodulators released diffusely throughout the brain and spinal cord. As an alternative to conducting a single study to explore the effects of neuromodulators on the human motor system, we have identified and collated human experiments investigating motor effects of well-characterised drugs that act on serotonergic and noradrenergic networks. In doing so, we present strong neuropharmacology evidence that human motor pathways are affected by neuromodulators across both healthy and clinical populations, insight that cannot be determined from a single reductionist experiment. We have focused our review on the effects that monoaminergic drugs have on muscle responses to non-invasive stimulation of the motor cortex and peripheral nerves, and other closely related tests of motoneuron excitability, and discuss how these measurement techniques elucidate the effects of neuromodulators at motor cortical and spinal motoneuronal levels. Although there is some heterogeneity in study methods, we find drugs acting to enhance extracellular concentrations of serotonin tend to reduce the excitability of the human motor cortex, and enhanced extracellular concentrations of noradrenaline increases motor cortical excitability by enhancing intracortical facilitation and reducing inhibition. Both monoamines tend to enhance the excitability of spinal motoneurons. Overall, this review details the importance of neuromodulators for the output of human motor pathways and suggests that commonly prescribed monoaminergic drugs target the motor system in addition to their typical psychiatric/neurological indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Thorstensen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Tyler T Henderson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Justin J Kavanagh
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao H, Zhou M, Liu Y, Jiang J, Wang Y. Recent advances in anxiety disorders: Focus on animal models and pathological mechanisms. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:559-572. [PMID: 38013621 PMCID: PMC10757213 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders have become one of the most severe psychiatric disorders, and the incidence is increasing every year. They impose an extraordinary personal and socioeconomic burden. Anxiety disorders are influenced by multiple complex and interacting genetic, psychological, social, and environmental factors, which contribute to disruption or imbalance in homeostasis and eventually cause pathologic anxiety. The selection of a suitable animal model is important for the exploration of disease etiology and pathophysiology, and the development of new drugs. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the advantages and limitations of existing animal models of anxiety disorders is helpful to further study the underlying pathological mechanisms of the disease. This review summarizes animal models and the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, and discusses the current research status to provide insights for further study of anxiety disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Zhao
- Science & technology innovation centerHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Mi Zhou
- Science & technology innovation centerHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Science & technology innovation centerHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- Science & technology innovation centerHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Science & technology innovation centerHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Galanis C, Neuhaus L, Hananeia N, Turi Z, Jedlicka P, Vlachos A. Axon morphology and intrinsic cellular properties determine repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation threshold for plasticity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559399. [PMID: 37808716 PMCID: PMC10557586 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely used therapeutic tool in neurology and psychiatry, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Standardizing stimulus parameters, specifically electric field strength and direction, is crucial in experimental and clinical settings. It enables meaningful comparisons across studies and facilitating the translation of findings into clinical practice. However, the impact of biophysical properties inherent to the stimulated neurons and networks on the outcome of rTMS protocols remains not well understood. Consequently, achieving standardization of biological effects across different brain regions and subjects poses a significant challenge. This study compared the effects of 10 Hz repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) in entorhino-hippocampal tissue cultures from mice and rats, providing insights into the impact of the same stimulation protocol on similar neuronal networks under standardized conditions. We observed the previously described plastic changes in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strength of CA1 pyramidal neurons in both mouse and rat tissue cultures, but a higher stimulation intensity was required for the induction of rMS-induced synaptic plasticity in rat tissue cultures. Through systematic comparison of neuronal structural and functional properties and computational modeling, we found that morphological parameters of CA1 pyramidal neurons alone are insufficient to explain the observed differences between the groups. However, axon morphologies of individual cells played a significant role in determining activation thresholds. Notably, differences in intrinsic cellular properties were sufficient to account for the 10 % higher intensity required for the induction of synaptic plasticity in the rat tissue cultures. These findings demonstrate the critical importance of axon morphology and intrinsic cellular properties in predicting the plasticity effects of rTMS, carrying valuable implications for the development of computer models aimed at predicting and standardizing the biological effects of rTMS.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang MX, Wumiti A, Zhang YW, Gao XS, Huang Z, Zhang MF, Peng ZY, Oku Y, Tang ZM. Transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation improved motor cortex excitability in healthy adults: a randomized, single-blind, self-crossover design study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1234033. [PMID: 37854293 PMCID: PMC10579560 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1234033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation (tcVNS) on motor cortex excitability in healthy adults. Method Twenty eight healthy subjects were assigned to receive real and sham tcVNS for 30 min. The interval between the real and sham conditions was more than 24 h, and the sequence was random. The central and peripheral motor-evoked potential (MEP) of the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle was measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and after stimulation. MEP latency, MEP amplitude and rest motor threshold (rMT) were analyzed before and after stimulation. Results MEP amplitude, MEP latency and rMT had significant interaction effect between time points and conditions (p < 0.05). After real stimulation, the MEP amplitude was significantly increased (p < 0.001). MEP latency (p < 0.001) and rMT (p = 0.006) was decreased than that of baseline. The MEP amplitude on real condition was higher than that of sham stimulation after stimulation (p = 0.027). The latency after the real stimulation was significantly shorter than that after sham stimulation (p = 0.005). No significantly difference was found in rMT after stimulation between real and sham conditions (p > 0.05). Conclusion tcVNS could improve motor cortex excitability in healthy adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yuedong Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihaiti Wumiti
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yuedong Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Wen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Sheng Gao
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yuedong Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China
| | - Meng-Fei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yuedong Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yuedong Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China
| | - Yoshitaka Oku
- Department of Physiology, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Zhi-Ming Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yuedong Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yasaroglu S, Liepert J. Transcranial direct current stimulation in stroke - Motor excitability and motor function. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 144:16-22. [PMID: 36208617 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize motor excitability changes and changes of motor performance induced by a single anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) session in stroke patients. METHODS Twenty subacute stroke patients participated. Motor performance was tested with the Box and Block Test [BBT]. Motor cortex excitability (short interval intracortical inhibition [SICI], intracortical facilitation [ICF], long interval intracortical inhibition [LICI]) was examined by paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation before and after a single tDCS session (20 minutes, 1,0 mA). On two different occasions, patients received anodal and cathodal tDCS over the affected hemisphere. TMS recordings were taken from both hands consecutively. RESULTS Anodal tDCS significantly reduced SICI without changing ICF or LICI. Cathodal tDCS did not change motor excitability. Both types of tDCS did not alter motor performance. Even prior to anodal tDCS, SICI in the affected hemisphere was lower than in the unaffected hemisphere and was correlated with BBT changes after anodal tDCS. CONCLUSIONS Anodal, but not cathodal tDCS specifically modulated intracortical inhibitory circuits, leading to a disinhibition. SIGNIFICANCE The results amplify our knowledge on excitability modulations of tDCS in stroke patients.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hamel R, Demers O, Boileau C, Roy ML, Théoret H, Bernier PM, Lepage JF. The neurobiological markers of acute alcohol's subjective effects in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:2101-2110. [PMID: 35701548 PMCID: PMC9556716 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ingestion of alcohol yields acute biphasic subjective effects: stimulation before sedation. Despite their predictive relevance to the development of alcohol use disorders (AUD), the neurobiological markers accounting for the biphasic effects of alcohol remain poorly understood in humans. Informed by converging lines of evidence, this study tested the hypothesis that alcohol ingestion acutely increases gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition, which would positively and negatively predict the feeling of stimulation and sedation, respectively. To do so, healthy participants (n = 20) ingested a single dose of 94% ABV alcohol (males: 1.0 ml/kg; females: 0.85 ml/kg) in a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over design. The alcohol's biphasic effects were assessed with the Brief-Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale, and non-invasive neurobiological markers were measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation, before and every 30 min (up to 120 min) after the complete ingestion of the beverage. Results showed that acute alcohol ingestion selectively increased the duration of the cortical silent period (CSP) as compared to placebo, suggesting that alcohol increases non-specific GABAergic inhibition. Importantly, CSP duration positively and negatively predicted increases in the feeling of stimulation and sedation, respectively, suggesting that stimulation emerges as GABAergic inhibition increases and that sedation emerges as GABAergic inhibition returns to baseline values. Overall, these results suggest that modulations of GABAergic inhibition are central to the acute biphasic subjective effects of alcohol, providing a potential preventive target to curb the progression of at-risk individuals to AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Hamel
- Département de kinanthropologie, Faculté des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Demers
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Boileau
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Laurence Roy
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Théoret
- Département de psychologie, Faculté des arts et sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre-Michel Bernier
- Département de kinanthropologie, Faculté des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Lepage
- Département de pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao R, He ZY, Cheng C, Tian QQ, Cui YP, Chang MY, Wang FM, Kong Y, Deng H, Yang XJ, Sun JB. Assessing the Effect of Simultaneous Combining of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the Improvement of Working Memory Performance in Healthy Individuals. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:947236. [PMID: 35928012 PMCID: PMC9344917 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.947236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study found that combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) could evoke significantly larger activation on a range of cortical and subcortical brain regions than the numerical summation of tDCS and taVNS effects. In this study, two within-subject experiments were employed to investigate its effects on working memory (WM). In experiment 1, the WM modulatory effects of tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), taVNS, and simultaneous joint simulation of tDCS over the left DLPFC and taVNS (SJS-L) were compared among 60 healthy subjects. They received these three interventions between the baseline test and post-test in a random manner three times. In spatial 3-back task, there was a significant interaction between time and stimulations in the accuracy rate of matching trials (mACC, p=0.018). MACCs were significantly improved by SJS (p = 0.001) and taVNS (p = 0.045), but not by tDCS (p = 0.495). Moreover, 41 subjects in the SJS group showed improvement, which was significantly larger than that in the taVNS group (29 subjects) and tDCS group (26 subjects). To further investigate the generalization effects of SJS, 72 students were recruited in experiment 2. They received tDCS over the right DLPFC, taVNS, simultaneous joint simulation of tDCS over the right DLPFC and taVNS (SJS-R), and sham stimulation in a random manner four times. No significant results were found, but there was a tendency similar to experiment 1 in the spatial 3-back task. In conclusion, combining tDCS and taVNS might be a potential non-invasive neuromodulation technique which is worthy of study in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao-Yang He
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Intelligent Non-invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian-Qian Tian
- Intelligent Non-invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Peng Cui
- Intelligent Non-invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng-Ying Chang
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fu-Min Wang
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Kong
- School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Intelligent Non-invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue-Juan Yang
- Intelligent Non-invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Bo Sun
- Intelligent Non-invasive Neuromodulation Technology and Transformation Joint Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Bo Sun
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salehinejad MA, Ghanavati E, Reinders J, Hengstler JG, Kuo MF, A Nitsche M. Sleep-dependent upscaled excitability, saturated neuroplasticity, and modulated cognition in the human brain. eLife 2022; 11:69308. [PMID: 35666097 PMCID: PMC9225005 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep strongly affects synaptic strength, making it critical for cognition, especially learning and memory formation. Whether and how sleep deprivation modulates human brain physiology and cognition is not well understood. Here we examined how overnight sleep deprivation vs overnight sufficient sleep affects (a) cortical excitability, measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation, (b) inducibility of long-term potentiation (LTP)- and long-term depression (LTD)-like plasticity via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and (c) learning, memory, and attention. The results suggest that sleep deprivation upscales cortical excitability due to enhanced glutamate-related cortical facilitation and decreases and/or reverses GABAergic cortical inhibition. Furthermore, tDCS-induced LTP-like plasticity (anodal) abolishes while the inhibitory LTD-like plasticity (cathodal) converts to excitatory LTP-like plasticity under sleep deprivation. This is associated with increased EEG theta oscillations due to sleep pressure. Finally, we show that learning and memory formation, behavioral counterparts of plasticity, and working memory and attention, which rely on cortical excitability, are impaired during sleep deprivation. Our data indicate that upscaled brain excitability and altered plasticity, due to sleep deprivation, are associated with impaired cognitive performance. Besides showing how brain physiology and cognition undergo changes (from neurophysiology to higher-order cognition) under sleep pressure, the findings have implications for variability and optimal application of noninvasive brain stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Min-Fang Kuo
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghanavati E, Salehinejad MA, De Melo L, Nitsche MA, Kuo MF. NMDA receptor-related mechanisms of dopaminergic modulation of tDCS-induced neuroplasticity. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5478-5488. [PMID: 35165699 PMCID: PMC9712712 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is a key neuromodulator of neuroplasticity and an important neuronal substrate of learning, and memory formation, which critically involves glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Dopamine modulates NMDA receptor activity via dopamine D1 and D2 receptor subtypes. It is hypothesized that dopamine focuses on long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity, i.e. reduces diffuse widespread but enhances locally restricted plasticity via a D2 receptor-dependent NMDA receptor activity reduction. Here, we explored NMDA receptor-dependent mechanisms underlying dopaminergic modulation of LTP-like plasticity induced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Eleven healthy, right-handed volunteers received anodal tDCS (1 mA, 13 min) over the left motor cortex combined with dopaminergic agents (the D2 receptor agonist bromocriptine, levodopa for general dopamine enhancement, or placebo) and the partial NMDA receptor agonist D-cycloserine (dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg, or placebo). Cortical excitability was monitored by transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor-evoked potentials. We found that LTP-like plasticity was abolished or converted into LTD-like plasticity via dopaminergic activation, but reestablished under medium-dose D-cycloserine. These results suggest that diffuse LTP-like plasticity is counteracted upon via D2 receptor-dependent reduction of NMDA receptor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lorena De Melo
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Min-Fang Kuo
- Corresponding address: Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystr 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Salehinejad MA, Wischnewski M, Ghanavati E, Mosayebi-Samani M, Kuo MF, Nitsche MA. Cognitive functions and underlying parameters of human brain physiology are associated with chronotype. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4672. [PMID: 34344864 PMCID: PMC8333420 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have natural relative variations among humans known as chronotype. Chronotype or being a morning or evening person, has a specific physiological, behavioural, and also genetic manifestation. Whether and how chronotype modulates human brain physiology and cognition is, however, not well understood. Here we examine how cortical excitability, neuroplasticity, and cognition are associated with chronotype in early and late chronotype individuals. We monitor motor cortical excitability, brain stimulation-induced neuroplasticity, and examine motor learning and cognitive functions at circadian-preferred and non-preferred times of day in 32 individuals. Motor learning and cognitive performance (working memory, and attention) along with their electrophysiological components are significantly enhanced at the circadian-preferred, compared to the non-preferred time. This outperformance is associated with enhanced cortical excitability (prominent cortical facilitation, diminished cortical inhibition), and long-term potentiation/depression-like plasticity. Our data show convergent findings of how chronotype can modulate human brain functions from basic physiological mechanisms to behaviour and higher-order cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Miles Wischnewski
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Min-Fang Kuo
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mertens A, Carrette S, Klooster D, Lescrauwaet E, Delbeke J, Wadman WJ, Carrette E, Raedt R, Boon P, Vonck K. Investigating the Effect of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Cortical Excitability in Healthy Males. Neuromodulation 2021; 25:395-406. [PMID: 35396071 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As a potential treatment for epilepsy, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has yielded inconsistent results. Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation with electromyography (TMS-EMG) and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) can be used to investigate the effect of interventions on cortical excitability by evaluating changes in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs). The goal of this study is to objectively evaluate the effect of taVNS on cortical excitability with TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG. These findings are expected to provide insight in the mechanism of action and help identify more optimal stimulation paradigms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective single-blind cross-over study, 15 healthy male subjects underwent active and sham taVNS for 60 min, using a maximum tolerated stimulation current. Single and paired pulse TMS was delivered over the right-sided motor hotspot to evaluate MEPs and TEPs before and after the intervention. MEP statistical analysis was conducted with a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. TEPs were analyzed with a cluster-based permutation analysis. Linear regression analysis was implemented to investigate an association with stimulation current. RESULTS MEP and TEP measurements were not affected by taVNS in this study. An association was found between taVNS stimulation current and MEP outcome measures indicating a decrease in cortical excitability in participants who tolerated higher taVNS currents. A subanalysis of participants (n = 8) who tolerated a taVNS current ≥2.5 mA showed a significant increase in the resting motor threshold, decrease in MEP amplitude and modulation of the P60 and P180 TEP components. CONCLUSIONS taVNS did not affect cortical excitability measurements in the overall population in this study. However, taVNS has the potential to modulate specific markers of cortical excitability in participants who tolerate higher stimulation levels. These findings indicate the need for adequate stimulation protocols based on the recording of objective outcome parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Mertens
- Department of Neurology, 4BRAIN Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Carrette
- Department of Neurology, 4BRAIN Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Debby Klooster
- Department of Neurology, 4BRAIN Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Lescrauwaet
- Department of Neurology, 4BRAIN Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean Delbeke
- Department of Neurology, 4BRAIN Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wytse Jan Wadman
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Carrette
- Department of Neurology, 4BRAIN Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- Department of Neurology, 4BRAIN Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Boon
- Department of Neurology, 4BRAIN Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kristl Vonck
- Department of Neurology, 4BRAIN Research Group, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kuo HI, Qi FX, Paulus W, Kuo MF, Nitsche MA. Noradrenergic Enhancement of Motor Learning, Attention, and Working Memory in Humans. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:490-498. [PMID: 33617635 PMCID: PMC8278798 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noradrenaline has an important role as a neuromodulator of the central nervous system. Noradrenergic enhancement was recently shown to enhance glutamate-dependent cortical facilitation and long term potentiation-like plasticity. As cortical excitability and plasticity are closely linked to various cognitive processes, here we aimed to explore whether these alterations are associated with respective cognitive performance changes. Specifically, we assessed the impact of noradrenergic enhancement on motor learning (serial reaction time task), attentional processes (Stroop interference task), and working memory performance (n-back letter task). METHODS The study was conducted in a cross-over design. Twenty-five healthy humans performed the respective cognitive tasks after a single dose of the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor reboxetine or placebo administration. RESULTS The results show that motor learning, attentional processes, and working memory performance in healthy participants were improved by reboxetine application compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study thus suggest that noradrenergic enhancement can improve memory formation and executive functions in healthy humans. The respective changes are in line with related effects of noradrenaline on cortical excitability and plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-I Kuo
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Dept. Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Feng-Xue Qi
- Key Laboratory of Sport Training of General Admission of Sport of China, Beijing Sport University, Xinxin Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China,Department of Sport Training, Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Min-Fang Kuo
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany,Dept. Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany,Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany,Correspondence: M. A. Nitsche, MD, Department Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany ()
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
van Boekholdt L, Kerstens S, Khatoun A, Asamoah B, Mc Laughlin M. tDCS peripheral nerve stimulation: a neglected mode of action? Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:456-461. [PMID: 33299136 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method widely used by neuroscientists and clinicians for research and therapeutic purposes. tDCS is currently under investigation as a treatment for a range of psychiatric disorders. Despite its popularity, a full understanding of tDCS's underlying neurophysiological mechanisms is still lacking. tDCS creates a weak electric field in the cerebral cortex which is generally assumed to cause the observed effects. Interestingly, as tDCS is applied directly on the skin, localized peripheral nerve endings are exposed to much higher electric field strengths than the underlying cortices. Yet, the potential contribution of peripheral mechanisms in causing tDCS's effects has never been systemically investigated. We hypothesize that tDCS induces arousal and vigilance through peripheral mechanisms. We suggest that this may involve peripherally-evoked activation of the ascending reticular activating system, in which norepinephrine is distributed throughout the brain by the locus coeruleus. Finally, we provide suggestions to improve tDCS experimental design beyond the standard sham control, such as topical anesthetics to block peripheral nerves and active controls to stimulate non-target areas. Broad adoption of these measures in all tDCS experiments could help disambiguate peripheral from true transcranial tDCS mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luuk van Boekholdt
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silke Kerstens
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Khatoun
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Boateng Asamoah
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myles Mc Laughlin
- Exp ORL, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lissemore JI, Mulsant BH, Rajji TK, Karp JF, Reynolds CF, Lenze EJ, Downar J, Chen R, Daskalakis ZJ, Blumberger DM. Cortical inhibition, facilitation and plasticity in late-life depression: effects of venlafaxine pharmacotherapy. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E88-E96. [PMID: 33119493 PMCID: PMC7955845 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-life depression is often associated with non-response or relapse following conventional antidepressant treatment. The pathophysiology of late-life depression likely involves a complex interplay between aging and depression, and may include abnormalities in cortical inhibition and plasticity. However, the extent to which these cortical processes are modifiable by antidepressant pharmacotherapy is unknown. METHODS Sixty-eight patients with late-life depression received 12 weeks of treatment with open-label venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (≤ 300 mg/d). We combined transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left motor cortex with electromyography recordings from the right hand to measure cortical inhibition using contralateral cortical silent period and paired-pulse short-interval intracortical inhibition paradigms; cortical facilitation using a paired-pulse intracortical facilitation paradigm; and short-term cortical plasticity using a paired associative stimulation paradigm. All measures were collected at baseline, 1 week into treatment (n = 23) and after approximately 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Venlafaxine did not significantly alter cortical inhibition, facilitation or plasticity after 1 or 12 weeks of treatment. Improvements in depressive symptoms during treatment were not associated with changes in cortical physiology. LIMITATIONS The results presented here are specific to the motor cortex. Future work should investigate whether these findings extend to cortical areas more closely associated with depression, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that antidepressant treatment with venlafaxine does not exert meaningful changes in motor cortical inhibition or plasticity in late-life depression. The absence of changes in motor cortical physiology, alongside improvements in depressive symptoms, suggests that age-related changes may play a role in previously identified abnormalities in motor cortical processes in latelife depression, and that venlafaxine treatment does not target these abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer I Lissemore
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Jordan F Karp
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Charles F Reynolds
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Eric J Lenze
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Jonathan Downar
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Robert Chen
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- From the Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Lissemore, Mulsant, Rajji, Downar, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Mulsant, Rajji, Daskalakis, Blumberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Karp, Reynolds); the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA (Lenze); the MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); and the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Krembil Research Institute Toronto, Ont., Canada (Chen)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wischnewski M, Engelhardt M, Salehinejad MA, Schutter DJLG, Kuo MF, Nitsche MA. NMDA Receptor-Mediated Motor Cortex Plasticity After 20 Hz Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2924-2931. [PMID: 29992259 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has been shown to modulate neural oscillations and excitability levels in the primary motor cortex (M1). These effects can last for more than an hour and an involvement of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) mediated synaptic plasticity has been suggested. However, to date the cortical mechanisms underlying tACS after-effects have not been explored. Here, we applied 20 Hz beta tACS to M1 while participants received either the NMDAR antagonist dextromethorphan or a placebo and the effects on cortical beta oscillations and excitability were explored. When a placebo medication was administered, beta tACS was found to increase cortical excitability and beta oscillations for at least 60 min, whereas when dextromethorphan was administered, these effects were completely abolished. These results provide the first direct evidence that tACS can induce NMDAR-mediated plasticity in the motor cortex, which contributes to our understanding of tACS-induced influences on human motor cortex physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Wischnewski
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Engelhardt
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M A Salehinejad
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - D J L G Schutter
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M-F Kuo
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M A Nitsche
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Modulation of inhibitory function in the primary somatosensory cortex and temporal discrimination threshold induced by acute aerobic exercise. Behav Brain Res 2019; 377:112253. [PMID: 31550485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute aerobic exercise beneficially affects brain function. The effect of acute aerobic exercise on the inhibitory mechanism of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and somatosensory function remains unclear. We investigated whether acute aerobic exercise modulates S1 inhibitory function and somatosensory function. In Experiment 1, we measured somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and paired-pulse inhibition (PPI) in 15 healthy right-handed participants. The right median nerve underwent electrical stimulation (ES). Interstimulus intervals were 5 ms, 30 ms, and 100 ms. In Experiment 2, we assessed the somatosensory function by using a somatosensory temporal discrimination task. Single or paired ES was applied to the distal phalanx of the right index finger. Both the experiments involved three sessions: 20 min of moderate-intensity exercise, 30 min of low-intensity exercise, and 30 min of seated rest. Before and after each session, PPI and somatosensory temporal discrimination task performance were measured. The N20 latency was significantly shortened immediately after moderate exercise. The SEP amplitude was not modulated in any session. The PPI at 30 ms (PPI_30ms) significantly decreased 20 min after moderate exercise, whereas the PPI at 5 ms (PPI_5ms) and PPI at 100 ms (PPI_100ms) did not change. The 50% and 75% thresholds and reaction time did not improve in any session. We found negative relationships between the change in PPI_5ms and the change in the 75% threshold under low-intensity exercise condition. Thus, acute aerobic exercise modulated S1 inhibitory function depending on exercise intensity. The exercise-induced change in PPI was associated with the change in temporal discrimination.
Collapse
|
18
|
Minzenberg MJ, Leuchter AF. The effect of psychotropic drugs on cortical excitability and plasticity measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation: Implications for psychiatric treatment. J Affect Disord 2019; 253:126-140. [PMID: 31035213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders. Patients in rTMS treatment typically receive concomitant psychotropic medications, which affect neuronal excitability and plasticity and may interact to affect rTMS treatment outcomes. A greater understanding of these drug effects may have considerable implications for optimizing multi-modal treatment of psychiatric patients, and elucidating the mechanism(s) of action (MOA) of rTMS. METHOD We summarized the empirical literature that tests how psychotropic drugs affect cortical excitability and plasticity, using varied experimental TMS paradigms. RESULTS Glutamate antagonists robustly attenuate plasticity, largely without changes in excitability per se; antiepileptic drugs show the opposite pattern of effects, while calcium channel blockers attenuate plasticity. Benzodiazepines have moderate and variable effects on plasticity, and negligible effects on excitability. Antidepressants with potent 5HT transporter inhibition reduce both excitability and alter plasticity, while antidepressants with other MOAs generally lack either effect. Catecholaminergic drugs, cholinergic agents and lithium have minimal effects on excitability but exhibit robust and complex, non-linear effects in TMS plasticity paradigms. LIMITATIONS These effects remain largely untested in sustained treatment protocols, nor in clinical populations. In addition, how these medications impact clinical response to rTMS remains largely unknown. CONCLUSIONS Psychotropic medications exert robust and varied effects on cortical excitability and plasticity. We encourage the field to more directly and fully investigate clinical pharmaco-TMS studies to improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Minzenberg
- Neuromodulation Division, Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States.
| | - A F Leuchter
- Neuromodulation Division, Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dubbioso R, Manganelli F, Siebner HR, Di Lazzaro V. Fast Intracortical Sensory-Motor Integration: A Window Into the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:111. [PMID: 31024277 PMCID: PMC6463734 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a prototypical basal ganglia disorder. Nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation leads to progressive dysfunction of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical sensorimotor loops, causing the classical motor symptoms. Although the basal ganglia do not receive direct sensory input, they are important for sensorimotor integration. Therefore, the basal ganglia dysfunction in PD may profoundly affect sensory-motor interaction in the cortex. Cortical sensorimotor integration can be probed with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using a well-established conditioning-test paradigm, called short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI). SAI probes the fast-inhibitory effect of a conditioning peripheral electrical stimulus on the motor response evoked by a TMS test pulse given to the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1). Since SAI occurs at latencies that match the peaks of early cortical somatosensory potentials, the cortical circuitry generating SAI may play an important role in rapid online adjustments of cortical motor output to changes in somatosensory inputs. Here we review the existing studies that have used SAI to examine how PD affects fast cortical sensory-motor integration. Studies of SAI in PD have yielded variable results, showing reduced, normal or even enhanced levels of SAI. This variability may be attributed to the fact that the strength of SAI is influenced by several factors, such as differences in dopaminergic treatment or the clinical phenotype of PD. Inter-individual differences in the expression of SAI has been shown to scale with individual motor impairment as revealed by UPDRS motor score and thus, may reflect the magnitude of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. The magnitude of SAI has also been linked to cognitive dysfunction, and it has been suggested that SAI also reflects cholinergic denervation at the cortical level. Together, the results indicate that SAI is a useful marker of disease-related alterations in fast cortical sensory-motor integration driven by subcortical changes in the dopaminergic and cholinergic system. Since a multitude of neurobiological factors contribute to the magnitude of inhibition, any mechanistic interpretation of SAI changes in PD needs to consider the group characteristics in terms of phenotypical spectrum, disease stage, and medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Dubbioso
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Napoli, Italy
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
KLASS MALGORZATA, ROELANDS BART, MEEUSEN ROMAIN, DUCHATEAU JACQUES. Acute Effect of Noradrenergic Modulation on Motor Output Adjustment in Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:1579-1587. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
21
|
Turco CV, El-Sayes J, Savoie MJ, Fassett HJ, Locke MB, Nelson AJ. Short- and long-latency afferent inhibition; uses, mechanisms and influencing factors. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:59-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|