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Santandrea E, Aliakbari F, Truscott E, McCaig L, Donison NS, Graham D, Strong MJ, Volkening K. A technique for repeated blood and cerebrospinal fluid sampling from individual rats over time without the need for repeated anesthesia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5171. [PMID: 38431711 PMCID: PMC10908789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethical animal use follows the 3R's: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement. Here, we present the use of simultaneous jugular vein and cisterna magna catheterization via a port system in rats for repeated fluid sampling for 14 consecutive days without loss of catheter patency. This technique allows repeated intra-animal sampling without anesthesia and, if used with pooling samples from a cohort of animals, replaces the need for terminal collections for sufficient sample volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Santandrea
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Farhang Aliakbari
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Emily Truscott
- Animal Care and Veterinary Services, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Lynda McCaig
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Neil S Donison
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Danielle Graham
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Michael J Strong
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Kathryn Volkening
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Liachenko SM, Sadovova NV, Tripp A, Ghorai S, Patri AK, Hanig JP, Cohen JE, Krefting I. Optimization of Detection of Gadodiamide Brain Retention in Rats Using Quantitative T 2 Mapping and Intraperitoneal Administration. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 56:1499-1504. [PMID: 35278003 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the gadolinium retention in the brain after the use of contrast agents is studied by T1 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (T1 w) and T1 mapping. The former does not provide easily quantifiable data and the latter requires prolonged scanning and is sensitive to motion. T2 mapping may provide an alternative approach. Animal studies of gadolinium retention are complicated by repeated intravenous (IV) dosing, whereas intraperitoneal (IP) injections might be sufficient. HYPOTHESIS T2 mapping will detect the changes in the rat brain due to gadolinium retention, and IP administration is equivalent to IV for long-term studies. STUDY TYPE Prospective longitudinal. ANIMAL MODEL A total of 31 Sprague-Dawley rats administered gadodiamide IV (N = 8) or IP (N = 8), or saline IV (N = 6) or IP (N = 9) 4 days per week for 5 weeks. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCES A 7 T, T1 w, and T2 mapping. ASSESSMENT T2 relaxation and image intensities in the deep cerebellar nuclei were measured pre-treatment and weekly for 5 weeks. Then brains were assessed for neuropathology (N = 4) or gadolinium content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, N = 12). STATISTICAL TESTS Repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls tests and Hedges' effect size. RESULTS Gadolinium was detected by both approaches; however, T2 mapping was more sensitive (effect size 2.32 for T2 vs. 0.95 for T1 w), and earlier detection (week 3 for T2 vs. week 4 for T1 w). ICP-MS confirmed the presence of gadolinium (3.076 ± 0.909 nmol/g in the IV group and 3.948 ± 0.806 nmol/g in the IP group). There was no significant difference between IP and IV groups (ICP-MS, P = 0.109; MRI, P = 0.696). No histopathological abnormalities were detected in any studied animal. CONCLUSION T2 relaxometry detects gadolinium retention in the rat brain after multiple doses of gadodiamide irrespective of the route of administration. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei M Liachenko
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Natalya V Sadovova
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Arnold Tripp
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Suman Ghorai
- Nanotechnology Core Facility, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Anil K Patri
- Nanotechnology Core Facility, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Joseph P Hanig
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan E Cohen
- Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Ira Krefting
- Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland, USA
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Kinter LB, DeHaven R, Johnson DK, DeGeorge JJ. A Brief History of Use of Animals in Biomedical Research and Perspective on Non-Animal Alternatives. ILAR J 2021; 62:7-16. [PMID: 34181728 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals have been closely observed by humans for at least 17 000 years to gain critical knowledge for human and later animal survival. Routine scientific observations of animals as human surrogates began in the late 19th century driven by increases in new compounds resulting from synthetic chemistry and requiring characterization for potential therapeutic utility and safety. Statistics collected by the United States Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and United Kingdom Home Office show that animal usage in biomedical research and teaching activities peaked after the mid-20th century and thereafter fell precipitously until the early 21st century, when annual increases (in the UK) were again observed, this time driven by expansion of genetically modified animal technologies. The statistics also show a dramatic transfer of research burden in the 20th and 21st centuries away from traditional larger and more publicly sensitive species (dogs, cats, non-human primates, etc) towards smaller, less publicly sensitive mice, rats, and fish. These data show that new technology can produce multi-faceted outcomes to reduce and/or to increase annual animal usage and to redistribute species burden in biomedical research. From these data, it is estimated that annual total vertebrate animal usage in biomedical research and teaching in the United States was 15 to 25 million per year during 2001-2018. Finally, whereas identification and incorporation of non-animal alternatives are products of, but not an integral component of, the animal research cycle, they replace further use of animals for specific research and product development purposes and create their own scientific research cycles, but are not necessarily a substitute for animals or humans for discovery, acquisition, and application of new (eg, previously unknown and/or unsuspected) knowledge critical to further advance human and veterinary medicine and global species survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis B Kinter
- GLP Scientific Consulting, Unionville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ron DeHaven
- DeHaven Veterinary Solutions, LLC, El Dorado Hills, California, USA
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Dor E, David T, Dekel Jaoui H, Schwartz A, Baruchi T, Torgeman A, Ben David A, Rosen O, Tal A, Rosner A, Zichel R, Diamant E. A Rabbit Model for Prolonged Continuous Intravenous Infusion Via a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:637792. [PMID: 33897426 PMCID: PMC8061032 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.637792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical treatment may require the continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of drugs to sustain the therapeutic blood concentration and to minimize dosing errors. Animal disease models that ultimately mimic the intended use of new potential drugs via a continuous IV infusion in unrestrained, free roaming animals are required. While peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and other central line techniques for prolonged IV infusion of drugs are prevalent in the clinic, continuous IV infusion methods in an animal model are challenging and limited. In most cases, continuous IV infusion methods require surgical knowledge as well as expensive and complicated equipment. In the current work, we established a novel rabbit model for prolonged continuous IV infusion by inserting a PICC line from the marginal ear vein to the superior vena cava and connecting it to an externally carried ambulatory infusion pump. Either saline or a clinically relevant formulation could be steadily and continuously infused at 3–6 ml/h for 11 consecutive days into freely moving rabbits while maintaining normal body temperature, weight, and respiration physiology, as determined by daily spirometry. This new model is simple to execute and can advance the ability to administer and test new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Dor
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tseela David
- Veterinary Center for Pre-clinical Research, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hani Dekel Jaoui
- Veterinary Center for Pre-clinical Research, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Arieh Schwartz
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tzadok Baruchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Amram Torgeman
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Alon Ben David
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Osnat Rosen
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Arnon Tal
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Amir Rosner
- Veterinary Center for Pre-clinical Research, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ran Zichel
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eran Diamant
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
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Goliaei A, Woods HA, Tron AE, Belmonte MA, Secrist JP, Ferguson D, Drew L, Fretland AJ, Aldridge BB, Gibbons FD. Multiscale Model Identifies Improved Schedule for Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia In Vitro With the Mcl-1 Inhibitor AZD5991. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 9:561-570. [PMID: 32860732 PMCID: PMC7577016 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer efficacy is driven not only by dose but also by frequency and duration of treatment. We describe a multiscale model combining cell cycle, cellular heterogeneity of B‐cell lymphoma 2 family proteins, and pharmacology of AZD5991, a potent small‐molecule inhibitor of myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl‐1). The model was calibrated using in vitro viability data for the MV‐4‐11 acute myeloid leukemia cell line under continuous incubation for 72 hours at concentrations of 0.03–30 μM. Using a virtual screen, we identified two schedules as having significantly different predicted efficacy and showed experimentally that a “short” schedule (treating cells for 6 of 24 hours) is significantly better able to maintain the rate of cell kill during treatment than a “long” schedule (18 of 24 hours). This work suggests that resistance can be driven by heterogeneity in protein expression of Mcl‐1 alone without requiring mutation or resistant subclones and demonstrates the utility of mathematical models in efficiently identifying regimens for experimental exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardeshir Goliaei
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.,Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haley A Woods
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adriana E Tron
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.,Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - J Paul Secrist
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas Ferguson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Drew
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrian J Fretland
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bree B Aldridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francis D Gibbons
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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Park AY, Plotsky PM, Pham TD, Pacak K, Wynne BM, Wall SM, Lazo‐Fernandez Y. Blood collection in unstressed, conscious, and freely moving mice through implantation of catheters in the jugular vein: a new simplified protocol. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13904. [PMID: 30426706 PMCID: PMC6234146 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse has become the most common mammalian animal model used in biomedical research. However, laboratory techniques used previously in rats and other larger animals to sample blood had to be adapted in mice due to their lower mouse plasma volume. Sampling is further confounded by the variability in plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations that can occur from the stress or the anesthesia that accompanies the collection. In this article, we describe in detail a protocol we developed for blood sampling in conscious, unrestrained mice. Our protocol implements the use of chronic indwelling catheters in the right external jugular vein, allowing the mice to recover fully in their home cages, untethered until the time of blood sampling. This protocol employs catheters that remain patent for days and does not require the purchase of expensive equipment. We validated this protocol by measuring the time course of plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration during and after the relief of acute immobilization stress in wild type (WT) and pendrin knockout (KO) mice and compared these results with our previously published values. We found that following relief from immobilization stress, it takes longer for plasma NE concentration to return to basal levels in the pendrin KO than in the wild type mice. These results highlight the potential utility of this protocol and the potential role of pendrin in the neuroendocrine response to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Y. Park
- Department of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Paul M. Plotsky
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Truyen D. Pham
- Department of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Karel Pacak
- Program in Reproductive and Adult EndocrinologyEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland
| | - Brandi M. Wynne
- Department of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Susan M. Wall
- Department of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
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De Luca T, Szilágyi KL, Hargreaves KA, Collins KS, Benson EA. Improving the Patency of Jugular Vein Catheters in Sprague-Dawley Rats by Using an Antiseptic Nitrocellulose Coating. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018; 57:520-528. [PMID: 30075826 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies in animals often require frequent blood sampling over prolonged periods. A preferred method in rats is the implantation of a polyurethane catheter into the jugular vein, with heparinized glycerol as a lock solution. However, analysis of various biologic compounds (for example, microRNA) precludes the use of heparin. We used sodium citrate as an alternative to heparin but observed more frequent loss of catheter patency. We hypothesized that this effect was due to evaporation of lock solution at the exteriorized portion of the catheter, subsequent blood infiltration into the catheter, and ultimately clot formation within the catheter. We therefore tested evaporation and its variables in vitro by using 5 common catheter materials. We used the migration of dye into vertically anchored catheters as a measure of lock displacement due to evaporation. Exposure to dry room-temperature air was sufficient to cause dye migration against gravity, whereas a humid environment and adding glycerol to the lock solution mitigated this effect, thus confirming loss of the lock solution from the catheter by evaporation. We tested 4 catheter treatments for the ability to reduce lock evaporation. Results were validated in vivo by using male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12) implanted with polyurethane jugular vein catheters and randomized to receive a nitrocellulose-based coating on the exteriorized portion of the catheter. Coating the catheters significantly improved patency, as indicated by a Kaplan-Meier log-rank hazard ratio greater than 5 in untreated catheters. We here demonstrate that a simple nitrocellulose coating reduces evaporation from and thus prolongs the patency of polyurethane catheters in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Luca
- Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Keely L Szilágyi
- Divisions of Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Katherine A Hargreaves
- Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kimberly S Collins
- Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, Divisions of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Eric A Benson
- Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana;,
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Stynes GD, Kiroff GK, Morrison WA, Edwards GA, Page RS, Kirkland MA. Rigid removable cover for dorsal wound protection and tube fixation in pigs. Aust Vet J 2016; 94:111-6. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- GD Stynes
- Barwon Biomedical Research; University Hospital Geelong; Geelong Victoria Australia
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne; University of Melbourne; VIC Australia
- School of Medicine; Deakin University; Geelong VIC Australia
- Institute for Frontier Materials; Deakin University; Geelong VIC Australia
| | - GK Kiroff
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital; The University of Adelaide; South Australia Australia
| | - WA Morrison
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne; University of Melbourne; VIC Australia
| | - GA Edwards
- Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga; New South Wales Australia
| | - RS Page
- School of Medicine; Deakin University; Geelong VIC Australia
| | - MA Kirkland
- Institute for Frontier Materials; Deakin University; Geelong VIC Australia
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9
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Comparison of silicone and polyurethane catheters for the catheterization of small vessels in mice. Lab Anim (NY) 2015; 43:397-403. [PMID: 25333592 DOI: 10.1038/laban.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vascular catheterization is increasingly carried out in laboratory mice, but the long-term patency of catheters implanted in mice is limited owing to their small size. The authors compared mice that were catheterized in their right common carotid artery either with a silicone catheter with a polyurethane tip or with a 100% polyurethane catheter to determine which catheter type was better suited for long-term studies in mice. The catheters were inspected daily and were flushed if blood was visible in the catheters; if no blood was visible, they were flushed every 3 d. Silicone catheters were patent for a shorter period of time than polyurethane catheters, which were patent for a median of 6 d and up to 25 d. The authors identify the principal causes of catheter failure and discuss how they can be prevented.
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Tsai HL, Chang JW, Liu CS, Chin TW, Wei CF, Lee OKS, Wang SJ. A newly designed total implantable venous access device in rats for research with high efficiency and low cost. J Surg Res 2013; 187:36-42. [PMID: 24246439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we introduced a newly designed totally implantable device for long-term vascular access in rats and compared its efficacy, related complications, and cost-effectiveness with conventional exteriorized jugular vein catheters. METHODS Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g, were equally divided into two groups (I and II) and all underwent jugular vein catheterization surgery. The totally implanted device was used in group I and conventional exteriorized catheters were used in group II. The functionality of each catheter was checked every 3 d and evaluation included vascular accessibility, patency, and infection. The weight of the animal and microbial culture from the wound and tube were also monitored. We analyzed the cause of vascular access failure and complications, both mechanical and infectious, and compared related variables. RESULTS The proportions of 9-d patency and 30-d patency in group I were 90% (18/20) and 75% (15/20), respectively, and in group II 80% (16/20) and 35% (7/20), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in 30-d patency. The rats in group II were more liable to involve vascular access failure because of catheter dislodgment and had a higher infection rate (P = 0.001). Daily body weight gain was also greater in group I than in group II (2.46 ± 0.59 g/d versus 1.84 ± 0.96 g/d; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This newly designed and totally implanted device substantially increases the success rate of long-term venous access compared with conventional methods. It reinforces the merits of the subcutaneous port and a tethered swivel system and overall has better performance and reliability. Furthermore, given its low cost and the high level of effectiveness offered, this technology could be a powerful tool to be used in future translational medicine research, especially in cases of long-term intravascular administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Lin Tsai
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jei-Wen Chang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Chin-Su Liu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tai-Wai Chin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chou-Fu Wei
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shyh-Jen Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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A Low Cost Metal-Free Vascular Access Mini-Port for Artifact Free Imaging and Repeated Injections in Mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65939. [PMID: 23824056 PMCID: PMC3688803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Small injection ports for mice are increasingly used for drug testing or when administering contrast agents. Commercially available mini-ports are expensive single-use items that cause imaging-artifacts. We developed and tested an artifact-free, low-cost, vascular access mini-port (VAMP) for mice. PROCEDURES Leakage testing of the VAMP was conducted with high speed bolus injections of different contrast agents. VAMP-induced artifacts were assessed using a micro-CT and a small animal MRI (9.4T) scanner ex vivo. Repeated contrast administration was performed in vivo. RESULTS With the VAMP there was no evidence of leakage with repeated punctures, high speed bolus contrast injections, and drawing of blood samples. In contrast to the tested commercially available ports, the VAMP did not cause artifacts with MRI or CT imaging. CONCLUSIONS The VAMP is an alternative to commercially available mini-ports and has useful applications in animal research involving imaging procedures and contrast agent testing.
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Long-term vascular access ports as a means of sedative administration in a rodent fMRI survival model. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 200:106-12. [PMID: 21726581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop a rodent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) survival model with the use of heparin-coated vascular access devices. Such a model would ease the administration of sedative agents, reduce the number of animals required in survival experiments and eliminate animal-to-animal variability seen in previous designs. Seven male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgical placement of an MRI-compatible vascular access port, followed by implantable electrode placement on the right median nerve. Functional MRI during nerve stimulation and resting-state functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) were performed at times 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively using a 9.4T scanner. Anesthesia was maintained using intravenous dexmedetomidine and reversed using atipamezole. There were no fatalities or infectious complications during this study. All vascular access ports remained patent. Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation by electrical stimulation of the median nerve using implanted electrodes was seen within the forelimb sensory region (S1FL) for all animals at all time points. The number of activated voxels decreased at time points 4 and 8 weeks, returning to a normal level at 12 weeks, which is attributed to scar tissue formation and resolution around the embedded electrode. The applications of this experiment extend far beyond the scope of peripheral nerve experimentation. These vascular access ports can be applied to any survival MRI study requiring repeated medication administration, intravenous contrast, or blood sampling.
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Yung S, Chan TM. Tissue remodeling and inflammation during peritoneal dialysis: catheter versus fluid. Perit Dial Int 2010; 30:274-6. [PMID: 20424196 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2010.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
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