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Enriquez GF, Macchiaverna NP, Garbossa G, Quebrada Palacio LP, Ojeda BL, Bua J, Gaspe MS, Cimino R, Gürtler RE, Postan M, Cardinal MV. Humans seropositive for Trypanosoma cruzi co-infected with intestinal helminths have higher infectiousness, parasitaemia and Th2-type response in the Argentine Chaco. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:340. [PMID: 39135121 PMCID: PMC11320973 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gran Chaco ecoregion is a well-known hotspot of several neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) including Chagas disease, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and multiparasitic infections. Interspecific interactions between parasite species can modify host susceptibility, pathogenesis and transmissibility through immunomodulation. Our objective was to test the association between human co-infection with intestinal parasites and host parasitaemia, infectiousness to the vector and immunological profiles in Trypanosoma cruzi-seropositive individuals residing in an endemic region of the Argentine Chaco. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional serological survey for T. cruzi infection along with an intestinal parasite survey in two adjacent rural villages. Each participant was tested for T. cruzi and Strongyloides stercoralis infection by serodiagnosis, and by coprological tests for intestinal parasite detection. Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream parasite load was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR), host infectiousness by artificial xenodiagnosis and serum human cytokine levels by flow cytometry. RESULTS The seroprevalence for T. cruzi was 16.1% and for S. stercoralis 11.5% (n = 87). We found 25.3% of patients with Enterobius vermicularis. The most frequent protozoan parasites were Blastocystis spp. (39.1%), Giardia lamblia (6.9%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (3.4%). Multiparasitism occurred in 36.8% of the examined patients. Co-infection ranged from 6.9% to 8.1% for T. cruzi-seropositive humans simultaneously infected with at least one protozoan or helminth species, respectively. The relative odds of being positive by qPCR or xenodiagnosis (i.e. infectious) of 28 T. cruzi-seropositive patients was eight times higher in people co-infected with at least one helminth species than in patients with no such co-infection. Trypanosoma cruzi parasite load and host infectiousness were positively associated with helminth co-infection in a multiple regression analysis. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) response, measured in relation to interleukin (IL)-4 among humans infected with T. cruzi only, was 1.5-fold higher than for T. cruzi-seropositive patients co-infected with helminths. The median concentration of IL-4 was significantly higher in T. cruzi-seropositive patients with a positive qPCR test than in qPCR-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results show a high level of multiparasitism and suggest that co-infection with intestinal helminths increased T. cruzi parasitaemia and upregulated the Th2-type response in the study patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Fabián Enriquez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología., Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Paula Macchiaverna
- Universidad de Buenos Aires., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Garbossa
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Clínica y Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luz Piedad Quebrada Palacio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bárbara Leonor Ojeda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología., Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jacqueline Bua
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. M. Fatala Chabén, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. C.G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sol Gaspe
- Universidad de Buenos Aires., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubén Cimino
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-CCT Salta, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Sede Regional Orán, Salta, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Esteban Gürtler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Postan
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Victoria Cardinal
- Universidad de Buenos Aires., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología., Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhou X, Li JJ, Li S, Liu HH, Xu DD, Chi CF, Zheng LB. Transcriptomic analysis of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) reveals the suppression of the inflammatory response from Cryptocaryon irritans infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109258. [PMID: 38042226 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is the most productive marine fish in China. Cryptocaryon irritans is an extremely destructive parasite that causes great economic losses in large yellow croaker aquaculture industry. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the immune response of large yellow croaker in response to C. irritans infection. In this study, the transcriptomic profiles of large yellow croaker were sequenced and analyzed in the brain and head kidney at 72 h after C. irritans infection. Cytokines and chemokines related terms were significantly enriched based on the GO enrichment of down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the head kidney. Meanwhile, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction was significantly enriched based on the KEGG enrichment of up-regulated DEGs from the brain and down-regulated DEGs from the head kidney, respectively. Moreover, the majority of inflammation-related DEGs were significantly up-regulated in the brain, but distinctly down-regulated in the head kidney. These results showed that the brain and head kidney might play different roles against C. irritans infection, and the inflammatory response of large yellow croaker may be restrained during C. irritans infection. Taken together, the transcriptomic analyses will be helpful to more comprehensively understand the immune mechanism of teleost against C. irritans infection, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of Cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research Centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1st Haidanan Road, Changzhi Island, Lincheng, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jun-Jie Li
- National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research Centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1st Haidanan Road, Changzhi Island, Lincheng, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Shuang Li
- National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research Centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1st Haidanan Road, Changzhi Island, Lincheng, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research Centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1st Haidanan Road, Changzhi Island, Lincheng, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Dong-Dong Xu
- Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316100, China
| | - Chang-Feng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research Centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1st Haidanan Road, Changzhi Island, Lincheng, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
| | - Li-Bing Zheng
- National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research Centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1st Haidanan Road, Changzhi Island, Lincheng, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
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Ramos-Rincon JM, Torrús-Tendero D, García-Morante H, Gimeno-Gascón A, Marco F, Gil-Anguita C, Wikman-Jorgensen P, Lucas-Dato A, Rodriguez-Diaz JC, Amador C, Llenas-García J. Cytokine profile levels and their relationship with parasitemia and cardiomyopathy in people with Chagas disease in Spain. A prospective observational study. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:66. [PMID: 38133693 PMCID: PMC10746755 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunoregulatory networks may have a role in controlling parasitemia in the chronic phase of human Chagas disease. The aim was to describe the serum cytokine profile of Trypanosoma cruzi in chronically infected patients and to evaluate its relationship with parasitemia and Chagas cardiomyopathy.This prospective observational study included adult patients with chronic Chagas disease. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and peripheral blood samples were used to perform T. cruzi real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and determine the serum cytokine profile.Fifty-eight patients were included; 17 (29.3%) had positive RT-PCR results. This group had a higher median concentration of TNF-α (p = 0.003), IL-6 (p = 0.021), IL-4 (p = 0.031), IL-1β (p = 0.036), and IL-17A (p = 0.043) than those with a negative RT-PCR. Patients with cardiac involvement had a higher median concentration of IL-5 (p = 0.016) than those without.These results reinforce the key role that cytokines play in Chagas disease patients with parasitemia and cardiac involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Manuel Ramos-Rincon
- Internal Medicine Department, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010, Alicante, Spain.
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Diego Torrús-Tendero
- Reference Unit of Imported Diseases and International Health & Infectious Diseases Unit, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Parasitology Area, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Hilarion García-Morante
- Internal Medicine Department, Vega Baja Hospital, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Adelina Gimeno-Gascón
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
- Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Marco
- Immunology Department, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Philip Wikman-Jorgensen
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, General University Hospital of Elda, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Lucas-Dato
- Internal Medicine Department, Vega Baja Hospital, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan-Carlos Rodriguez-Diaz
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Concepción Amador
- Internal Medicine Department, Marina Baixa Hospital, Villajoyosa, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jara Llenas-García
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, Vega Baja Hospital, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
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