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Namuwulya P, Ashraf S, Niebel M, Ssekagiri A, Tushabe P, Kakooza P, Tong L, Bukenya H, Jerome H, Davis C, Birungi M, Turyahabwe I, Mugaga A, Eliku JP, Francis A, Nakabazzi L, Nsubuga F, Katushabe E, Kisakye A, Ampeire I, Nanteza A, Kaleebu P, Bakamutumaho B, Nsamba P, Kazibwe A, da Silva Filipe A, Tweyongyere R, Bwogi J, Thomson EC. Viruses associated with measles-like illnesses in Uganda. J Infect 2024; 88:106148. [PMID: 38588959 PMCID: PMC11060986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the causes of measles-like illnesses (MLI) in the Uganda national surveillance program in order to inform diagnostic assay selection and vaccination strategies. METHODS We used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (M-NGS) on the Illumina platform to identify viruses associated with MLI (defined as fever and rash in the presence of either cough, coryza or conjunctivitis) in patient samples that had tested IgM negative for measles between 2010 and 2019. RESULTS Viral genomes were identified in 87/271 (32%) of samples, of which 44/271 (16%) contained 12 known viral pathogens. Expected viruses included rubella, human parvovirus B19, Epstein Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6B, human cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus and measles virus (detected within the seronegative window-period of infection) and the blood-borne hepatitis B virus. We also detected Saffold virus, human parvovirus type 4, the human adenovirus C2 and vaccine-associated poliovirus type 1. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the presence of undiagnosed viruses causing MLI in Uganda, including vaccine-preventable illnesses. NGS can be used to monitor common viral infections at a population level, especially in regions where such infections are prevalent, including low and middle income countries to guide vaccination policy and optimize diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirin Ashraf
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, UK
| | - Marc Niebel
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lily Tong
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, UK
| | - Henry Bukenya
- Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Hanna Jerome
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, UK
| | - Chris Davis
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, UK
| | - Molly Birungi
- Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Arnold Mugaga
- Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Aine Francis
- Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ann Nanteza
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Peninah Nsamba
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anne Kazibwe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Robert Tweyongyere
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Emma C Thomson
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, UK; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.
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Jiang H, Qiu Q, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Xu W, Cui A, Li X. The epidemiological and genetic characteristics of human parvovirus B19 in patients with febrile rash illnesses in China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15913. [PMID: 37741897 PMCID: PMC10517975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of B19V, a multiple-province surveillance of patients with febrile rash illnesses (FRIs) were conducted in China during 2009 ~ 2021. The clinical specimens of 3,820 FRI patients were collected and tested for B19V DNA. A total of 99 (2.59%) patients were positive for B19V, and 49 (49.49%) were children under 5 years old. B19V infections occurred throughout the year without obvious seasonal pattern. Ten NS1-VP1u sequences and seven genome sequences were obtained in this study, identified as subgenotype 1a. Combined with the globally representative genome sequences, no temporal and geographic clustering trends of B19V were observed, and there was no significant correlation between B19V sequences and clinical manifestations. The evolutionary rate of the B19V genome was 2.30 × 10-4 substitutions/site/year. The number of negative selection sites was higher than that of positive selection sites. It was the first to comprehensively describe the prevalence patterns and evolutionary characteristics of B19V in FRI patients in China. B19V played the role in FRI patients. Children under 5 years old were the main population of B19V infection. Subgenotype 1a was prevalent in FRI patients in China. B19V showed a high mutation rate, while negative selection acted on the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jiang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qiu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzi Zhou
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Aili Cui
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaomei Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, People's Republic of China.
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Cho HG, Moon SK, Jeong IH, Lee YE, Lee HK, Han BS, Kim Y, Chung YS, Cha B, Kim W. Virus detection of measles-negative cases in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, from 2017 to 2019. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:160-165. [PMID: 36504397 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To investigate viruses in measles-negative cases, 221 measles-suspected samples collected in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea were tested using a real-time PCR assay. Rubella virus was not detected. However, 11 cases of parvovirus B19 (5.0%), 47 cases of human herpesvirus 6 (21.3%), 25 cases of human herpesvirus 7 (11.3%), and one case of co-infection with parvovirus B19 and human herpesvirus 7 were confirmed, as were eight cases of co-infection with human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7. This study showed that parvovirus B19, human herpesvirus 6, and human herpesvirus 7 should be considered by physicians for the diagnosis of measles-suspected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gil Cho
- Division of Infectious Disease Research, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyoung Moon
- Division of Infectious Disease Research, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hyung Jeong
- Division of Infectious Disease Research, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea-Eun Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease Research, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease Research, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Sang Han
- Division of Infectious Disease Research, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chung
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Honam Regional Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Korea Diseases Control and Prevention Agency, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Boksik Cha
- Safety Assessment Department, New Drug Development Center, Daegu Geongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Wantae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Measles is a highly contagious, potentially fatal, but vaccine-preventable disease caused by measles virus. Symptoms include fever, maculopapular rash, and at least one of cough, coryza, or conjunctivitis, although vaccinated individuals can have milder or even no symptoms. Laboratory diagnosis relies largely on the detection of specific IgM antibodies in serum, dried blood spots, or oral fluid, or the detection of viral RNA in throat or nasopharyngeal swabs, urine, or oral fluid. Complications can affect many organs and often include otitis media, laryngotracheobronchitis, pneumonia, stomatitis, and diarrhoea. Neurological complications are uncommon but serious, and can occur during or soon after the acute disease (eg, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis) or months or even years later (eg, measles inclusion body encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis). Patient management mainly involves supportive therapy, such as vitamin A supplementation, monitoring for and treatment of secondary bacterial infections with antibiotics, and rehydration in the case of severe diarrhoea. There is no specific antiviral therapy for the treatment of measles, and disease control largely depends on prevention. However, despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, measles is still endemic in many countries and causes considerable morbidity and mortality, especially among children in resource-poor settings. The low case numbers reported in 2020, after a worldwide resurgence of measles between 2017 and 2019, have to be interpreted cautiously, owing to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on disease surveillance. Disrupted vaccination activities during the pandemic increase the potential for another resurgence of measles in the near future, and effective, timely catch-up vaccination campaigns, strong commitment and leadership, and sufficient resources will be required to mitigate this threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Hübschen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Ionela Gouandjika-Vasilache
- Laboratoire des Virus Entériques et de la Rougeole, Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Julia Dina
- Virology Department, Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM U1311 DynaMicURe, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
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Luchs A. Comments on "Detection and identification of enteroviruses circulating in children with acute gastroenteritis in Pará State, Northern Brazil (2010-2011)". Virol J 2021; 18:133. [PMID: 34193190 PMCID: PMC8243610 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of human enterovirus (EV) in diarrheic fecal specimens is valuable to address EV diversity circulating worldwide. However, the detection of EV strains exclusively in fecal specimens must be interpreted cautiously. EV are well known causative agents associated with a spectrum of human diseases, but not acute gastroenteritis. EV isolation in stool samples could not necessarily be associated with diarrheic symptoms, as most EV infections appear to be asymptomatic, and healthy children could excrete EV in their stool. The diagnostic of EV is only confirmed when the neutralization test presents a significant increase in antibody titers (three times or more) in the paired serum samples (acute-phase and convalescent-phase) against the same EV serotype isolated in feces. In addition, patients suffering from acute gastroenteritis, even during an EV investigation, must be screened in parallel for gastroenteric viruses (i.e. norovirus and rotavirus) in order to clarify if the symptoms could be linked to other viral agent detected in their fecal samples. Surveillance of EV diversity among distinct patient groups, including diarrheic individuals, must be taken into consideration and can considerably increase the power of non-polio EV surveillance system in Brazil. More well-designed studies are necessary to further elucidate the role of EV in acute gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Virology CenterAv. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil.
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Rocha LCD, Estofolete CF, Milhim BHGDA, Augusto MT, Zini N, Silva GCDD, Ferraz-Junior HC, Brienze VMS, Liso E, Cunha MS, Sabino EC, da Costa AC, Nogueira ML, Luchs A, Terzian ACB. Enteric viruses circulating in undiagnosed central nervous system infections at tertiary hospital in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3539-3548. [PMID: 32579291 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus (EV) is commonly associated with central nervous system (CNS) syndromes. Recently, gastroenteric viruses, including rotavirus (RVA), human astrovirus (HAstV), and norovirus (NoV), have also been associated with CNS neurological disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of EV, RVA, HAst, and NoV associated to CNS infections with undiagnosed etiology in Northwest region of São Paulo State, Brazil, and to conduct the molecular characterization of the positive samples detected. A total of 288 cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from July to December 2017 were tested for EV and NoV by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), HAstV by conventional RT-PCR, and RVA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive-EV samples were inoculated in cells lines, amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. RVA, NoV, and HAstV were not detected. EV infection was detected in 5.5% (16/288), and five samples successful genotyped: echovirus 3 (E3) (1/5), coxsackie virus A6 (CVA6) (1/5), and coxsackie virus B4 (CVB4) (3/5). Meningitis was the main syndrome observed (12/16; 75%). CVA6, CVB4, and E3 were identified associated with aseptic meningitis. Reports of CVA6 associated with aseptic meningitis are rare, E3 had not been previously reported in Brazil, and epidemiological data on CVB4 in the country is virtually unknown. The present investigation illustrates the circulation of diverse EV types in a small regional sample set and in a short period of time, highlighting the importance of an active EV surveillance system in CNS infections. Enhanced understanding of undiagnosed CNS infections will assist in public health and health care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nathalia Zini
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Sequetin Cunha
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- LIM/46, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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Is the ZIKV Congenital Syndrome and Microcephaly Due to Syndemism with Latent Virus Coinfection? Viruses 2021; 13:v13040669. [PMID: 33924398 PMCID: PMC8069280 DOI: 10.3390/v13040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) mirrors its evolutionary nature and, thus, its ability to grow in diversity or complexity (i.e., related to genome, host response, environment changes, tropism, and pathogenicity), leading to it recently joining the circle of closed congenital pathogens. The causal relation of ZIKV to microcephaly is still a much-debated issue. The identification of outbreak foci being in certain endemic urban areas characterized by a high-density population emphasizes that mixed infections might spearhead the recent appearance of a wide range of diseases that were initially attributed to ZIKV. Globally, such coinfections may have both positive and negative effects on viral replication, tropism, host response, and the viral genome. In other words, the possibility of coinfection may necessitate revisiting what is considered to be known regarding the pathogenesis and epidemiology of ZIKV diseases. ZIKV viral coinfections are already being reported with other arboviruses (e.g., chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV)) as well as congenital pathogens (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytomegalovirus (HCMV)). However, descriptions of human latent viruses and their impacts on ZIKV disease outcomes in hosts are currently lacking. This review proposes to select some interesting human latent viruses (i.e., herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human parvovirus B19 (B19V), and human papillomavirus (HPV)), whose virological features and co-exposition with ZIKV may provide evidence of the syndemism process, shedding some light on the emergence of the ZIKV-induced global congenital syndrome in South America.
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Comprehensive surveillance data suggest a prominent role of parvovirus B19 infection in Belarus and the presence of a third subtype within subgenotype 1a. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1225. [PMID: 33441645 PMCID: PMC7807032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection is not notifiable in Belarus and its most common clinical presentation erythema infectiosum (EI) is often difficult to distinguish from other exanthematous diseases. The objective of this study was to provide comprehensive data about EI epidemiology in Belarus based on the serological and molecular investigation of samples from measles and rubella discarded cases collected between 2005 and 2019. Overall, 4919 sera were investigated for IgM antibodies against B19V and the positive cases were analysed according to year, season and age. B19V DNA was amplified by PCR in a total of 238 sera from all over the country, and sequenced for phylogenetic analyses. B19V infection was confirmed in 1377 (27.8%) measles and rubella discarded cases. Two high incidence periods and a seasonal increase of EI between mid-February to mid-July were identified. Children from 4 to 6 and from 7 to 10 years of age represented the largest groups of patients (22.51% and 22.66% of all cases, respectively), followed by adults between 20 and 29 years of age (14.23%). Among the 238 B19Vs sequenced, one belonged to subgenotype 3b and 237 to subgenotype 1a with 81 (34.2%) clustering with subtypes 1a1 and 153 (64.6%) with 1a2. Three strains (1.2%) formed an additional, well-supported cluster suggesting the presence of another subtype of 1a, tentatively named 1a3. The epidemiological and molecular analyses highlighted not only the prominent role of B19V in exanthematous diseases in Belarus, but also suggested a previously underestimated diversity of subgenotype 1a sequences with a third subtype 1a3.
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Kimata Y, Borus P, Nzunza R, Ofula V, Chepkorir E, Waihenya R, Sang R. Serological Evidence of Chikungunya Virus Infection Among Suspected Measles Cases in Selected Regions of Kenya: 2008-2014. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:903-909. [PMID: 32845826 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (family Togavirdae and genus Alphavirus) is an emerging and reemerging virus of public health importance both regionally and globally. In Kenya, about 50-60% of the suspected measles cases remain undiagnosed once measles and rubella is ruled out by immunoglobulin M (IgM) ELISA thus prompted the need to do differential diagnosis on the measles/rubella negative samples. Nothing is known about the role played by chikungunya infection among these suspected measles cases. Febrile rash illness is a common clinical presentation of arboviruses, including chikungunya. In this study, we conducted a serosurvey to explore the possible role of chikungunya infections among suspected measles cases in Kenya that had tested negative for measles and rubella. Sera were tested by commercially available ELISA for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against the chikungunya virus. All positive samples for chikungunya by ELISA were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and to rule out cross-reactivity with other alphaviruses a panel of viruses was used, namely o' nyong' nyong, Semliki Forest, and Sindbis viruses. Of the 392 serum samples screened, 0.3% (n = 1) tested positive for IgM antibodies, while 4.6% (n = 18) tested positive for IgG antibodies against the chikungunya virus. PRNT results indicated 2 (11%) chikungunya positives and 7 (38.9%) o' nyong' nyong positives. We recommend awareness among health care providers and improved surveillance for these arboviruses by both serology and molecular testing. Testing for other pathogens should also be done to improve disease detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kimata
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Borus
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosemary Nzunza
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victor Ofula
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Edith Chepkorir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rebecca Waihenya
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosemary Sang
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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10
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Development of a multiplex one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of eight viruses associated with febrile rash illnesses. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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11
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de Los Ángeles Ribas M, Tejero Y, Cordero Y, Pérez D, Sausy A, Muller CP, Hübschen JM. Identification of human parvovirus B19 among measles and rubella suspected patients from Cuba. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1351-1354. [PMID: 30817853 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Between September 2014 and December 2015, 298 sera from rash and fever patients from all over Cuba were investigated for specific IgM antibodies against measles, rubella, dengue, human parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. B19V IgM positive and equivocal samples were investigated by a polymerase chain reaction and genotyping. No measles, rubella or dengue cases were detected. HHV6-IgM antibodies were confirmed in 5.7% and B19V-IgM antibodies in 10.7% of the patients. A total of 31.3% of the B19V cases were between 5 and 9 years old and 34.4% were 20 years and older. The only B19V sequence obtained belonged to genotype 1a. Diagnosis was established for only 16% of the rash and fever patients, suggesting that other diseases such as Zika or Chikungunya may play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Los Ángeles Ribas
- Virology Department, National Reference Laboratory of Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yahisel Tejero
- Virology Department, National Reference Laboratory of Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yanislet Cordero
- Virology Department, National Reference Laboratory of Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana, Cuba
| | - Daileny Pérez
- Virology Department, National Reference Laboratory of Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana, Cuba
| | - Aurélie Sausy
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Claude P Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Institute of Immunology, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Judith M Hübschen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Importance of real-time RT-PCR to supplement the laboratory diagnosis in the measles elimination program in China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208161. [PMID: 30500842 PMCID: PMC6267958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to high vaccination coverage, timely and accurate laboratory confirmation of measles cases is critical to interrupt measles transmission. To evaluate the role of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the diagnosis of measles cases, 46,363 suspected measles cases with rash and 395 suspected measles cases without rash were analyzed in this study; the cases were obtained from the Chinese measles surveillance system (MSS) during 2014–2017 and simultaneously detected by measles-specific IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time RT-PCR. However, some IgM-negative measles cases were identified by real-time RT-PCR. The proportion of these IgM-negative and viral nucleic acid-positive measles cases was high among measles cases with measles vaccination history, cases without rash symptoms, and cases within 3 days of specimen collection after onset. The proportion of IgM-negative and viral nucleic acid-positive measles cases in the 0–3 day group was up to 14.4% for measles cases with rash and 40% for measles cases without rash. Moreover, the proportions of IgM-negative and nucleic acid-positive measles cases gradually increased with the increase in the measles vaccination dose. Therefore, integrated with IgM ELISA, real-time RT-PCR would greatly improve the accurate diagnosis of measles cases and avoid missing the measles cases, especially for measles cases during the first few days after onset when the patients were highly contagious and for measles cases with secondary vaccine failure. In conclusion, our study reconfirmed that IgM ELISA is the gold-standard detection assay for measles cases confirmation. However, real-time RT-PCR should be introduced and used to supplement the laboratory diagnosis, especially in the setting of pre-elimination and/or elimination wherever appropriate.
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Vadivel K, Mageshbabu R, Sankar S, Jain A, Perumal V, Srikanth P, Ranjan GA, Nair A, Simoes EAF, Nandagopal B, Sridharan G. Detection of parvovirus B19 in selected high-risk patient groups & their phylogenetic & selection analysis. Indian J Med Res 2018; 147:391-399. [PMID: 29998875 PMCID: PMC6057248 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_241_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Human parvovirus B19V (B19V) is known to be associated with erythema infectiosum commonly in children, aplastic crisis, especially in persons with underlying haemolytic disorders, hydrops fetalis in pregnancies and arthritis. This cross-sectional study was aimed to determine the presence of B19V infection in childhood febrile illnesses, association of B19V with arthropathies and in adult patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis. The genetic diversity among the sequences was also analysed. Methods: A nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay was used for B19V DNA targeting VP1/VP2 region and used for testing 618 patients and 100 healthy controls. Phylogenetic analysis on nucleotide and amino acid sequences was carried out to compare our sequences with other Indian strains and global strains. Results: Among 618 samples tested, seven (1.13%) were found positive. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the seven sequences belonged to genotype 1 and showed low genetic diversity. The clustering pattern of seven sequences was similar both by nucleotide and by predicted amino acid sequences. The fixed effects likelihood analysis showed no positive or negatively selected sites. Interpretation & conclusions: Seven samples (4 from non-traumatic arthropathies, 2 from patients with ESRD and 1 from febrile illness patient) were found positive by nPCR. When our seven sequences were compared with global strains, the closest neighbour was other Indian strains followed by the Tunisian strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Vadivel
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital & Research Centre, Vellore, India
| | - Ramamurthy Mageshbabu
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital & Research Centre, Vellore, India
| | - Sathish Sankar
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital & Research Centre, Vellore, India
| | - Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivekanandan Perumal
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Padma Srikanth
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Aravindan Nair
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital & Research Centre, Vellore, India
| | - Eric A F Simoes
- School of Medicine & Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora Colorado, USA
| | - Balaji Nandagopal
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital & Research Centre, Vellore, India
| | - Gopalan Sridharan
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital & Research Centre, Vellore, India
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Matsushima Y, Shimizu T, Doi I, Mizukoshi F, Nagasawa K, Ryo A, Shimizu H, Kobayashi M, Funatogawa K, Nagata N, Ishikawa M, Komane A, Okabe N, Mori Y, Takeda M, Kimura H. A method for detecting rash and fever illness-associated viruses using multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 61:337-344. [PMID: 28710778 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new multiplex RT-PCR method for detecting various viral genes in patients with rash and fever illnesses (RFIs) was constructed. New primer sets were designed for detection of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1 and 2), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The newly designed and previously reported primer sets were used to detect 13 types of RFI-associated viruses by multiplex RT-PCR assay systems. Moreover, to eliminate non-specific PCR products, a double-stranded specific DNase was used to digest double-stranded DNA derived from the templates in clinical specimens. RFI-associated viruses were detected in 77.0% of the patients (97/126 cases) by the presented method, multiple viruses being identified in 27.8% of the described cases (35/126 cases). Detected viruses and clinical diagnoses were compatible in 32.5% of the patients (41/126 cases). Sensitivity limits for these viruses were estimated to be 101 -103 copies/assay. Furthermore, non-specific PCR products were eliminated by a double-stranded specific DNase with no influence on sensitivity. These results suggest that this method can detect various RFI-associated viruses in clinical specimens with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsushima
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimizu
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Ikuko Doi
- Ibaraki Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 993-2 Kasaharacho, Mito-shi, Ibaraki 310-0852, Japan
| | - Fuminori Mizukoshi
- Tochigi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 2145-13 Shimookamotocho, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi 329-1196, Japan
| | - Koo Nagasawa
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimizu
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Masae Kobayashi
- Ibaraki Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 993-2 Kasaharacho, Mito-shi, Ibaraki 310-0852, Japan
| | - Keiji Funatogawa
- Tochigi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 2145-13 Shimookamotocho, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi 329-1196, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Ibaraki Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 993-2 Kasaharacho, Mito-shi, Ibaraki 310-0852, Japan
| | - Mariko Ishikawa
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Ayako Komane
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okabe
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Yoshio Mori
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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Oliveira MID, Namiyama GM, Cabral GB, Ferreira JL, Taniwaki N, Afonso AMS, Lima IR, Brigido LFMD. Isolation of infectious Zika virus from a urine sample cultured in SIRC cells from a patient suspected of having rubella virus. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e15. [PMID: 29557985 PMCID: PMC5962088 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A great variety of viruses which cause exanthema share other clinical manifestations, making the etiologic identification a very difficult task, relying exclusively on the clinical examination. Rubella virus (RV) infection during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects, known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In the present report, we described the presence of Zika virus (ZIKV) particles in urine samples and also ZIKV isolation in SIRC cells from the urine of a patient in acute phase of suspected rubella disease. The 50-year-old unvaccinated woman living in Sao Paulo, Brazil, was admitted to the emergency room with fever, headache, rash, arthralgia and prostration. Urine samples were collected for virus isolation and RT-qPCR. SIRC and Vero cells were inoculated with urine samples during 7 days. RT-qPCR was performed using measles virus (MV) and RV primers and both were found to be negative. After this result, RT-qPCR was performed for parvovirus B19, herpes virus 6 and ZIKV. The urine sample and the isolate were positive by Real Time PCR for ZIKV and negative for all other viruses tested. The sequences isolated are from the Asiatic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Bastos Cabral
- Núcleo de Doenças de Vinculação Sexual e Sanguínea, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Leandro Ferreira
- Núcleo de Doenças de Vinculação Sexual e Sanguínea, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noemi Taniwaki
- Núcleo de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Sardinha Afonso
- Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Rillo Lima
- Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Macedo de Brigido
- Núcleo de Doenças de Vinculação Sexual e Sanguínea, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wawina TB, Tshiani OM, Ahuka SM, Pukuta ES, Aloni MN, Kasanga CJ, Muyembe JJT. Detection of human parvovirus B19 in serum samples from children under 5 years of age with rash-fever illnesses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 65:4-7. [PMID: 28951104 PMCID: PMC5727205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that infection with human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is associated with rash-fever illnesses. The present study aimed to investigate B19V as an aetiological agent of rash-fever syndromes in Congolese children confirmed as measles and rubella IgM-negative. An ELISA IgM test and PCR were performed to screen for B19V. METHODS A total of 177 archived serum samples were randomly selected from the measles biobank of the National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB). Samples were investigated for anti-B19V IgM and B19V DNA. These samples originated from children <5years of age with measles-like rashes, previously confirmed as negative for both measles and rubella IgM. RESULTS Out of 177 serum samples tested by ELISA and 168 tested by PCR, 109 were positive for B19V IgM antibodies (61.6%) and 87 (51.8%) were positive for B19V DNA. Positive samples in both assays were from all provinces of DRC. CONCLUSIONS B19V plays a role in rash-fever illnesses in children under 5 years of age suspected of having measles or rubella infections in DRC. As an aetiological cause of rash and fever syndromes, the present study demonstrates that B19V should also be considered during the laboratory investigation of rash-fever illnesses in DRC, particularly in the paediatric population. There is a need to conduct further studies in order to gain a better understanding of the spatiotemporal pattern of B19V and to define the genotype(s) of B19V circulating in DRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Bokalanga Wawina
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology (Rega Institute), Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; University Hospital of Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kinshasa, Congo.
| | - Olivier Mbaya Tshiani
- University Hospital of Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Steve Mundeke Ahuka
- University Hospital of Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kinshasa, Congo; National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB), Kinshasa, Congo
| | | | - Michel Ntetani Aloni
- University Hospital of Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Christopher Jacob Kasanga
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Jean-Jacques Tamfum Muyembe
- University Hospital of Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kinshasa, Congo; National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB), Kinshasa, Congo
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17
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Benamar T, Tajounte L, Alla A, Khebba F, Ahmed H, Mulders MN, Filali-Maltouf A, El Aouad R. Real-Time PCR for Measles Virus Detection on Clinical Specimens with Negative IgM Result in Morocco. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147154. [PMID: 26812434 PMCID: PMC4727926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the confirmation of measles cases represents an important indicator regarding the performance of the measles-elimination program, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the routine procedures followed in Morocco for the laboratory confirmation of measles cases. Suspected cases reported between January 2010 and December 2012 were assessed for the timeliness of the sample collection, occurrence of measles clinical symptoms, and the results of the laboratory diagnoses. For 88% of the 2,708 suspected cases, a clinical specimen was collected within 7d of rash onset, of which 50% were IgM-positive and 2.6% were equivocal. The measles symptoms were reported in 91.4% of the cases; the occurrence of symptoms showed a positive association with the serological results (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9883, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2238-4.0157). Of the negative samples, 52% (n = 116) tested positive by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These results are in favor of using molecular detection to complement serological diagnosis in the context of measles surveillance approach in Morocco. In addition, the introduction of additional laboratory methods for differential diagnosis is required for the final classification of suspected cases with maculopapular rash and fever in the context of the measles elimination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touria Benamar
- National Institute of Hygiene, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Latifa Tajounte
- National Institute of Hygiene, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amal Alla
- Epidemiology Department, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Khebba
- National Institute of Hygiene, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hinda Ahmed
- Department of Communicable Disease Prevention & Control, WHO/EMRO, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mick N. Mulders
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rajae El Aouad
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohamed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
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19
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Ni Z, Xiang F, Huang H, Wang G, Li F. Isolation and genetic characterization of enterovirus in patients with febrile rash illness. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:375-378. [PMID: 26137239 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles and rubella virus are usually considered as the causative agents in patients with febrile rash illness (FRI). However, investigators have identified that enteroviruses are also associated with FRI, and the present study was undertaken to investigate this association. In the study, 20 throat swab samples were collected from patients suffering from rash and fever between April and July in 2013. The 20 samples tested negative for measles virus, but all were positive when reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed using enterovirus universal primers. Specifically, five tested positive for Coxsackie B3 virus (CVB3). The titers of the five CVB3 isolates were 106.5, 106.4, 107.5, 106.5 and 106.5 tissue culture infectious dose50/100 µl respectively. The partial VP1 sequences of the five CVB3 isolates were identical to each other and were closely associated with the CVB3/MKP and CVB3/Macocy strains, which are known to induce myocarditis and neonatal diseases of the central nervous system. In conclusion, CVB3 may cause symptoms of fever and rash and should be differentiated from measles, rubella and other infectious pathogens. The five CVB3 isolates described in the study were genetically similar to each other and to other local CVB3 strains. The results provide further data on the viral pathogen spectrum associated with FRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Fengyang Xiang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Honglan Huang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Yermalovich MA, Semeiko GV, Samoilovich EO, Svirchevskaya EY, Muller CP, Hübschen JM. Etiology of maculopapular rash in measles and rubella suspected patients from Belarus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111541. [PMID: 25356680 PMCID: PMC4214721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of successful implementation of the measles/rubella elimination program, the etiology of more and more double negative cases remains elusive. The present study determined the role of different viruses as causative agents in measles or rubella suspected cases in Belarus. A total of 856 sera sent to the WHO National Laboratory between 2009 and 2011 were tested for specific IgM antibodies to measles virus (MV), rubella virus (RV) and human parvovirus B19 (B19V). The negatives were further investigated for antibodies to enterovirus (EV) and adenovirus (AdV). Children of up to 3 years were tested for IgM antibodies to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6). A viral etiology was identified in 451 (52.7%) cases, with 6.1% of the samples being positive for MV; 2.6% for RV; 26.2% for B19V; 9.7% for EV; 4.6% for AdV; and 3.6% for HHV6. Almost all measles and rubella cases occurred during limited outbreaks in 2011 and nearly all patients were at least 15 years old. B19V, EV and AdV infections were prevalent both in children and adults and were found throughout the 3 years. B19V occurred mainly in 3-10 years old children and 20-29 years old adults. EV infection was most common in children up to 6 years of age and AdV was confirmed mainly in 3-6 years old children. HHV6 infection was mostly detected in 6-11 months old infants. Laboratory investigation of measles/rubella suspected cases also for B19V, EV, AdV and HHV6 allows diagnosing more than half of all cases, thus strengthening rash/fever disease surveillance in Belarus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Yermalovich
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Galina V. Semeiko
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Elena O. Samoilovich
- Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Claude P. Muller
- Institute of Immunology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé/Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Judith M. Hübschen
- Institute of Immunology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé/Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Figueiredo CA, Luchs A, Russo DH, de Cassia Compagnoli Carmona R, Afonso AMS, de Oliveira MI, Curti SP, de Moraes JC, Toscano CM, Ciccone FH, Timenetsky MDCST. Rubella virus genotype 1G and echovirus 9 as etiologic agents of exanthematous diseases in Brazil: insights from phylogenetic analysis. Arch Virol 2013; 159:1445-51. [PMID: 24327091 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the rubella virus (RV) and enterovirus (EV) genotypes detected during the Epidemiological Surveillance on Exanthematic Febrile Diseases (VIGIFEX) study and to perform phylogenetic analysis. Ten RV- and four EV-positive oropharyngeal samples isolated from cell culture were subjected to RT-PCR and sequencing. Genotype 1G and echovirus 9 (E-9) was identified in RV- and EV-positive samples, respectively. The RV 1G genotype has been persisting in Brazil since 2000-2001. No evidence of E-9 being involved in exanthematic illness in Brazil has been reported previously. Differential laboratory diagnosis is essential for management of rash and fever disease.
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