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Sattar AA, Qaiser A, Kausar H, Aqil S, Mudassar R, Manzoor S, Ashraf J. The potential of IFN-λ, IL-32γ, IL-6, and IL-22 as safeguards against human viruses: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1303115. [PMID: 38420119 PMCID: PMC10899505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1303115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the antiviral activity of cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-22 (IL-22), interleukin-32 gamma (IL-32γ), and interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) in diverse populations. This study aims to evaluate the role of these cytokines in inhibition of various human and animal viruses when administered exogenously. A comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted on all the relevant studies from three databases. Standard mean differences (SMDs) of overall viral inhibition were used to generate the difference in the antiviral efficacy of these cytokines between control and experimental groups. A total of 4,618 abstracts for IL-6, 3,517 abstracts for IL-22, 2,160 abstracts for IL-32γ, and 1,026 abstracts for IFN-λ were identified, and 7, 4, 8, and 35 studies were included, respectively, for each cytokine. IFN-λ (SMD = 0.9540; 95% CI: 0.69-0.22) and IL-32γ (SMD = 0.459; 95% CI: 0.02-0.90) showed the highest influence followed by IL-6 (SMD = 0.456; CI: -0.04-0.95) and IL-22 (SMD = 0.244; 95% CI: -0.33-0.81). None of the cytokines represented heterogeneity (tau² > 0), but only IFN-λ indicated the funnel plot asymmetry (p = 0.0097). Results also indicated that IFN-λ and IL-32γ are more potent antivirals than IL-6 and IL-22. The collective findings of this study emphasize that exogenously administered pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically IFN-λ and IL-32, exhibit a significant antiviral activity, thereby underscoring them as potent antiviral agents. Nonetheless, additional research is required to ascertain their clinical utility and potential for integration into combinatorial therapeutic regimens against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej A Sattar
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ariba Qaiser
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Kausar
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Aqil
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rida Mudassar
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Ashraf
- Department of Community Dentistry, Islamabad Medical and Dental College (IMDC), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
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THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) APPLICATIONS IN HEALTH: HOW MUCH ARE WE INTERESTED IN? JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.984596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective New viruses have emerged, causing global damage and mass deaths that can spread to international borders, the latest of which is the new coronavirus (COVID-19). After the Second International Congress on Artificial Intelligence in Health, themed "Artificial Intelligence in Health During COVID-19 Pandemic Process" organized online by İzmir Bakırçay University and İzmir Provincial Health Directorate with the contributions of the International Association of Artificial Intelligence in Health, a questionnaire was conducted to evaluate the knowledge of the participants about artificial intelligence applications.
Materials and Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the interest of the congress participants in this field with the questions which form the questionnaire such as the duration of the interest of the participants in the field of artificial intelligence in health, their publication status, the development of studies on artificial intelligence with the COVID-19 pandemic, demographic structures such as age and gender, and educational level. 130 participants answered the questionnaire consisting of 23 questions. Questionnaire responses were analyzed in a statistical setting.
Results: We found that 130 people filled out the questionnaire and the majority of the participants were female, with participation from many organizations, but university staff showed more interest. We have seen that the 30-39 age group is more interested in artificial intelligence than the other age groups, but the majority of the participants do not have academic studies in this field. We found that the technical terms related to artificial intelligence were not well known by the participants, and that the number of participants who tended to this field, especially in the recent year, was high. Another important point was that people working in this field stated that they would definitely follow up if scientific activities continued.
Conclusion: We know how important congresses, symposiums, courses and other meetings are, especially for scientist candidates, which will be held to raise awareness about the usage areas of artificial intelligence-based health technologies, to develop new communication and work networks by bringing together different disciplines, to create an agenda and to lay the groundwork for new studies, and we think that there is a need for many repetitive activities in this field and that these activities should be continued.
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Lessons Learned and Yet-to-Be Learned on the Importance of RNA Structure in SARS-CoV-2 Replication. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2022; 86:e0005721. [PMID: 35862724 PMCID: PMC9491204 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00057-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is a member of the virus family Coronaviridae, known for relatively extensive (~30-kb) RNA genomes that not only encode for numerous proteins but are also capable of forming elaborate structures. As highlighted in this review, these structures perform critical functions in various steps of the viral life cycle, ultimately impacting pathogenesis and transmissibility. We examine these elements in the context of coronavirus evolutionary history and future directions for curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and other potential human coronaviruses. While we focus on structures supported by a variety of biochemical, biophysical, and/or computational methods, we also touch here on recent evidence for novel structures in both protein-coding and noncoding regions of the genome, including an assessment of the potential role for RNA structure in the controversial finding of SARS-CoV-2 integration in “long COVID” patients. This review aims to serve as a consolidation of previous works on coronavirus and more recent investigation of SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing the need for improved understanding of the role of RNA structure in the evolution and adaptation of these human viruses.
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Correia B, Fernandes J, Botica MJ, Ferreira C, Quintas A. Novel Psychoactive Substances: The Razor's Edge between Therapeutical Potential and Psychoactive Recreational Misuse. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:medicines9030019. [PMID: 35323718 PMCID: PMC8950629 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are compounds of natural and synthetic origin, similar to traditional drugs of abuse. NPS are involved in a contemporary trend whose origin lies in a thinner balance between legitimate therapeutic drug research and legislative control. The contemporary NPS trend resulted from the replacement of MDMA by synthetic cathinones in 'ecstasy' during the 2000s. The most common NPS are synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones. Interestingly, during the last 50 years, these two classes of NPS have been the object of scientific research for a set of health conditions. METHODS Searches were conducted in the online database PubMed using boolean equations. RESULTS Synthetic cannabinoids displayed protective and therapeutic effects for inflammatory, neurodegenerative and oncologic pathologies, activating the immune system and reducing inflammation. Synthetic cathinones act similarly to amphetamine-type stimulants and can be used for depression and chronic fatigue. CONCLUSIONS Despite the scientific advances in this field of research, pharmacological application of NPS is being jeopardized by fatalities associated with their recreational use. This review addresses the scientific achievements of these two classes of NPS and the toxicological data, ending with a reflection on Illicit and NPS control frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Correia
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário—Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (B.C.); (J.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Joana Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário—Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (B.C.); (J.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Maria João Botica
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPO), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Carla Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário—Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (B.C.); (J.F.); (C.F.)
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Rua Professor Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Quintas
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário—Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (B.C.); (J.F.); (C.F.)
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, 2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Sharma A, Paredes-Vincent A, Kahle EM. Awareness, Utilization, and Preferences for Traditional and Contemporary HIV Prevention Strategies Among Facebook and Instagram-Using MSM in the United States. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2021; 20:23259582211024770. [PMID: 34132144 PMCID: PMC8212379 DOI: 10.1177/23259582211024770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV prevention research among men who have sex with men (MSM) has traditionally
focused on individual risk reduction strategies. Our study evaluated awareness,
utilization, and preferences for 10 complementary HIV prevention strategies
among 1,286 MSM recruited via Facebook and Instagram from June-August 2018. Ages
ranged from 18-85 years, and the majority were non-Hispanic white (n = 1,019,
79.24%), college-educated (n = 819, 63.69%), gay-identifying (n = 1,074,
83.51%), and partnered (n = 808, 62.83%). Post-exposure prophylaxis was the
least familiar option, and engaging in sexual activities other than anal sex was
the most utilized option. Progressively older and bisexual-identifying MSM were
less likely, but those with higher educational levels and easy access to local
HIV resources were more likely to be aware of and to be utilizing a greater
number of strategies. Additionally, Hispanic MSM were less likely to be aware
of, and those in a “closed” relationship were less likely to be utilizing a
greater number of strategies. In a subset of 775 multiple strategy users,
pre-exposure prophylaxis, regularly testing for HIV, and limiting the number of
sex partners emerged as the most preferred options. Combination intervention
packages for MSM should be tailored to personal circumstances, including sexual
orientation, relationship characteristics and access to local HIV resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Sharma
- Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ariana Paredes-Vincent
- Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin M Kahle
- Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Sagaya Jansi R, Khusro A, Agastian P, Alfarhan A, Al-Dhabi NA, Arasu MV, Rajagopal R, Barcelo D, Al-Tamimi A. Emerging paradigms of viral diseases and paramount role of natural resources as antiviral agents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143539. [PMID: 33234268 PMCID: PMC7833357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario, the increasing prevalence of diverse microbial infections as well as emergence and re-emergence of viral epidemics with high morbidity and mortality rates are major public health threat. Despite the persistent production of antiviral drugs and vaccines in the global market, viruses still remain as one of the leading causes of deadly human diseases. Effective control of viral diseases, particularly Zika virus disease, Nipah virus disease, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Coronavirus disease, Herpes simplex virus infection, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and Ebola virus disease remain promising goal amidst the mutating viral strains. Current trends in the development of antiviral drugs focus solely on testing novel drugs or repurposing drugs against potential targets of the viruses. Compared to synthetic drugs, medicines from natural resources offer less side-effect to humans and are often cost-effective in the productivity approaches. This review intends not only to emphasize on the major viral disease outbreaks in the past few decades and but also explores the potentialities of natural substances as antiviral traits to combat viral pathogens. Here, we spotlighted a comprehensive overview of antiviral components present in varied natural sources, including plants, fungi, and microorganisms in order to identify potent antiviral agents for developing alternative therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sagaya Jansi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College, Chennai, India
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, India
| | - Paul Agastian
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, India.
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Water and Soil Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, JORDI GIRONA 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amal Al-Tamimi
- Ecology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Saleemi MA, Ahmad B, Benchoula K, Vohra MS, Mea HJ, Chong PP, Palanisamy NK, Wong EH. Emergence and molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV to target host cells and potential therapeutics. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104583. [PMID: 33035643 PMCID: PMC7536551 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of a new coronavirus, in around late December 2019 which had first been reported in Wuhan, China has now developed into a massive threat to global public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has named the disease caused by the virus as COVID-19 and the virus which is the culprit was renamed from the initial novel respiratory 2019 coronavirus to SARS-CoV-2. The person-to-person transmission of this virus is ongoing despite drastic public health mitigation measures such as social distancing and movement restrictions implemented in most countries. Understanding the source of such an infectious pathogen is crucial to develop a means of avoiding transmission and further to develop therapeutic drugs and vaccines. To identify the etiological source of a novel human pathogen is a dynamic process that needs comprehensive and extensive scientific validations, such as observed in the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases. In this context, this review is devoted to understanding the taxonomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV. Herein, we discuss the emergence and molecular mechanisms of both viral infections. Nevertheless, no vaccine or therapeutic drug is yet to be approved for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, although it is highly likely that new effective medications that target the virus specifically will take years to establish. Therefore, this review reflects the latest repurpose of existing antiviral therapeutic drug choices available to combat SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansab Ali Saleemi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Khaled Benchoula
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Vohra
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Hing Jian Mea
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Navindra Kumari Palanisamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
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BUDAK F, KORKMAZ Ş. COVID-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNE YÖNELİK GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.35375/sayod.738657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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